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Sharaf M, Badran A, Abou El Fadl RK. Association between periodontal health and trait anxiety in Egyptian women: A cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3462-3470. [PMID: 37983861 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the relationship between periodontal problems and trait anxiety in a sample of Egyptian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Egyptian validated Arabic version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait subscale was used to measure levels of trait anxiety, and the periodontal health status of 451 Egyptian women was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Data were also collected on potential covariates such as age, educational level, marital status, parity, smoking, and oral healthcare-seeking behavior. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between periodontal diseases and trait anxiety. RESULTS Among study participants, and after adjusting for some of the potential confounders, trait anxiety exhibited weak association with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.11; 95% CI= 1.07, 1.14; p <0.001). Also, old age (OR: 1.12; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.17; p < 0.001) as well as parity (OR: 7.26; 95% CI = 2.89, 18.27; p <0.001) were significantly associated with periodontal problems in the adjusted model. CONCLUSION While the study findings may implicate that personality traits, such as trait anxiety, could be linked to periodontal diseases more research is warranted to confirm or reject this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Sharaf
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Badran
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Khaled Abou El Fadl
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ishimura K, Sakaniwa R, Shirai K, Aida J, Takeuchi K, Kondo K, Iso H. Frequency of Going Outdoors and Risk of Poor Oral Health Among Older Japanese Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort From the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:63-69. [PMID: 36967120 PMCID: PMC10751189 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the frequency of going outdoors and the risk of poor oral health has been reported in several studies; however, the findings have been inconclusive. METHODS We conducted a 3-year longitudinal study of 19,972 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years who reported no poor oral condition at baseline in 2013. The respondents rated their frequency of going outdoors in three categories (≤1, 2-3, or ≥4 times/week), and the oral conditions reported in 2016 included tooth loss, chewing difficulty, swallowing difficulty, dry mouth, and composite outcomes. The associations between the frequency of going outdoors and the risk of poor oral health were examined as relative risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable Poisson regression, while mediation analysis was performed to investigate indirect effects. RESULTS During the follow-up, 32.5% of participants developed poor oral health. In the mediation analysis, indirect effects were observed through low instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, little social network diversity, and underweight. Compared to going outdoors ≥4 times/week, the multivariable RRs of composite poor oral health conditions were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05-1.20) for 2-3 times/week and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.07-1.39) for ≤1 time/week (P-trend < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for tooth loss, chewing difficulty, and swallowing difficulty; the corresponding RRs were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97-1.19) and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.13-1.64) (P-trend = 0.002), 1.18 (95% CI, 1.06-1.32) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05-1.60) (P-trend < 0.001), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01-1.31) and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.08-1.77) (P-trend = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION The frequency of going outdoors was inversely associated with the risk of poor oral health through several modifiable risk factors in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ishimura
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoto Sakaniwa
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Healthcare Center Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang X, Liu P, Fan X, Yu S, Chen C, Pan Y, Lin L, Tang X, Li C. Distribution and influencing factors on residual pockets of the teeth in patients with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal treatment: a retrospective observational study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:736. [PMID: 37814304 PMCID: PMC10561464 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic and multi-factorial infectious disease. A notable difference exists in the prognosis of patients with severe periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Thus, a retrospective study was conducted to identify common and specific factors that impact the prognosis of patients with periodontitis stage III-IV following non-surgical periodontal treatment at different tooth sites. METHODS A total of 977 teeth were included in the study, comprising 266 patients diagnosed with periodontitis stage III-IV. This sample included 330 anterior teeth, 362 maxillary posterior teeth, and 285 mandibular posterior teeth. Following treatment, the teeth were categorized into two groups based on residual pocket depth [probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm] at 3 months post-treatment. The prognosis of periodontitis stage III-IV was assessed through multivariate analysis employing logistic regression to determine the association of various risk factors. RESULTS The PD values of each site and the deepest PD values of each tooth significantly decreased at 3 months post-treatment. Residual pockets were predominantly found in the mesio/disto-buccal and mesio/disto-lingual regions. Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, PD, sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and plaque index (PLI) at baseline, and crown-root ratio in anterior teeth had a significant influence on periodontitis stage III-IV (P < 0.05). Smoking, PD, PLI and furcation involvement (FI) at baseline, PLI at 3 months post-treatment, grades of periodontitis, and crown-root ratio were prediction factors for maxillary posterior teeth. Factors such as PD, PLI and FI at baseline, PLI at 3 months post-treatment, and crown-root were significant in mandibular posterior teeth. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of non-surgical treatment varies depending on the tooth positions for patients with periodontitis stage III-IV. Dentists must accurately identify the affected teeth that have periodontal pockets of more than 5 mm, taking into consideration the positions of the affected teeth, as well as various local and systemic factors. This comprehensive assessment will enable dentists to develop a customized and effective treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Peicheng Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomiao Fan
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China.
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Kim YR, Son M, Nam SH. Association between depressive mood and chronic periodontitis among senior residents using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort Database. J Periodontol 2022. [PMID: 36566362 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria involved in chronic periodontal disease induce inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines can enter the brain through systemic circulation and cause depression. In this study, we investigated the association between depressed mood and chronic periodontitis in older adults in Korea. METHODS This study used data from the Life-changing Period Health Checkup (2007-2008), performed only at 66 years of age, which is available from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort Database. The depressed mood status was evaluated by three questions in the mental health examination. The definition of chronic periodontitis was determined based on the diagnosis and treatment codes for chronic periodontitis. Based on the three questions, we investigated the association between depressive mood and chronic periodontal disease by dividing the study population into 9622 depressed mood subjects (DMS) and 9091 non-depressed mood subjects (NDMS). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were presented. RESULTS Among the NDMS, 5390 patients with chronic periodontitis were identified, and among the DMS, 5964 patients with chronic periodontitis were identified. The crude OR (95% CI) for chronic periodontitis in DMS compared to NDMS was 1.12 (1.06-1.19). The adjusted OR (95% CI) for chronic periodontitis was 1.12 (1.06-1.19). As a result of confirming the effect of sex and comorbidity on the association between depressed mood and chronic periodontitis, a significant association was observed for women at 1.15 (1.07-1.25). In addition, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for depressive mood and chronic periodontitis was 1.15 (1.07-1.25) for patients with hypertension, 1.13 (1.03-1.25) for patients with diabetes, 1.12 (1.02-1.22) for patients with dyslipidemia, and 1.18 (1.04-1.34) for patients with heart disease. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the relationship between depressed mood and chronic periodontitis in older adults. Therefore, education to strengthen the emotional management of older adults, especially with respect to depression, would play an auxiliary role in preventing and treating periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rin Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkook Son
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoul-Hee Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Sciences, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Aggravating Effects of Psychological Stress on Ligature-Induced Periodontitis via the Involvement of Local Oxidative Damage and NF-κB Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6447056. [PMID: 35221795 PMCID: PMC8866020 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6447056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and psychological factors play an important role in the development of periodontitis. To elucidate the adverse effects of psychological stress on the inflammatory process and redox status of periodontitis tissue, fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control, experimental periodontitis, psychological stress, experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress, and experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress plus fluoxetine groups. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish psychological stress, and silk ligature was used to induce experimental periodontitis. Four weeks later, stressed rats showed altered behaviour, serum hormone levels, and sucrose preference. More obvious alveolar bone loss and attachment loss and higher protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the experimental periodontitis plus psychological stress group. The combination of CUMS and periodontitis had synergistic effects on increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities compared with those in the stress or periodontitis groups. Moreover, psychological stress further increased p-IκBα and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein levels in periodontitis rats. Fluoxetine administration alleviated the adverse effects of psychological stress on the progression of periodontitis in rats. These results hint us that psychological stress could aggravate inflammation in periodontitis tissues, which may be partly due to local worsening of oxidative damage and further activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling pathway.
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Soares GH, Santiago PHR, Michel-Crosato E, Jamieson L. The utility of network analysis in the context of Indigenous Australian oral health literacy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233972. [PMID: 32492049 PMCID: PMC7269264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of oral health literacy (OHL) is likely to gain new and interesting insights with the use of network analysis, a powerful analytical tool that allows the investigation of complex systems of relationships. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between oral health literacy and oral health-related factors in a sample of Indigenous Australian adults using a network analysis approach. METHODS Data from 400 Indigenous Australian adults was used to estimate four regularised partial correlation networks. Initially, a network with the 14 items of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD-14) was estimated. In a second step, psychosocial, sociodemographic and oral health-related factors were included in the network. Finally, two networks were estimated for participants with high and low oral health literacy. Participants were categorised into 'high' or 'low' OHL networks based on a median split. Centrality measures, clustering coefficients, network stability, and edge accuracy were evaluated. A permutation-based test was used to test differences between networks. RESULTS Solid connections among HeLD-14 items followed the structure of theoretical domains across all networks. Oral health-related self-efficacy, sporting activities, and self-rated oral health status were the strongest positively associated nodes with items of the HeLD-14 scale. HeLD-14 items were the four most central nodes in both HeLD-14 + covariates network and high OHL network, but not in the low OHL network. Differences between high and low OHL models were observed in terms of overall network structure, edge weight, and clustering coefficient. CONCLUSION Network models captured the dynamic relationships between oral health literacy and psychosocial, sociodemographic and oral health-related factors. Discussion on the implications of these findings for informing the development of targeted interventions to improve oral health literacy is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kaufmann ME, Hofer D, Wiedemeier DB, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Oral status and aesthetics after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: Do patient's perception and dentist's evaluation agree? Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:601-610. [PMID: 31943916 PMCID: PMC9514215 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Periodontal healing is often accompanied by side effects, which may cause an aesthetic deficit. The present investigation was focussed to compare patient's subjective perception of their posttherapy aesthetics with the objective measures of the results. Materials and methods Survey results from patients (subjective parameters) on oral status and aesthetics were compared against routine clinical parameters and corresponding survey results from treating dentists (objective parameters), both before and after periodontal treatment. Subjective outcome parameters were then suitably transformed and compared with the objective ones to investigate the agreement between patients' perception and actual outcomes. Results Objective recordings of periodontal status by the dentist and subjective awareness of the patient are quite contradictory to each other for almost all participants. Further, it was found that their aesthetics in the front were better after treatment, but dentist professionals targeted for future treatment needs. Conclusions In this study, it was found that patients improved aesthetically on the upper jaw front after the therapy, which was not shared by the dentists. This discrepancy was due to the clinicians' view on more aesthetic corrective procedures than on patients' need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Elena Kaufmann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Deborah Hofer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Shim SH, Han DH. Exposure to occupational noise and periodontitis in Korean workers. J Periodontol 2019; 89:431-439. [PMID: 29683500 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to occupational noise is reported to cause a wide range of health problems. But, there are no reports on studies investigating the association between noise exposure and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational noise exposure and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of Korean workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study sample included 8,927 workers aged 19 to 54 years. Noise exposure assessment was performed by using self-report questionnaires. The dependent variable was periodontitis. Age, sex, perceived stress level, place of residence, income, education, health behaviors (frequency of daily toothbrushing, binge drinking, smoking status, regular dental checkup), diabetes, obesity, and white blood cell count were included as covariates. Logistic regression analyses estimated the association between noise exposure and periodontitis after sequential adjustment. RESULTS Compared with never-exposed individuals, participants exposed to occupational noise had an increased prevalence of periodontitis. The association remained significant after full adjustment of covariates (odds ratio [OR] 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 1.70). Association of noise exposure with periodontitis was particularly strong for individuals aged < 45 years (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.23). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that there is an association between occupational noise exposure and periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean workers. Policy efforts to improve workplace noise environments might have an effect on improving periodontal health status among Korean workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Shim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungbok University, Namyangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Sehgal HS, Kohli R, Pham E, Beck GE, Anderson JR. Tooth wear in patients treated with HIV anti-retroviral therapy. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31242887 PMCID: PMC6595590 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between HIV anti-retroviral therapy and tooth wear. Methods Assessment of tooth wear was conducted both with a survey questionnaire and clinical assessment at Russell Street Dental Clinic in Portland, Oregon. The survey questionnaire comprised of questions on study participant’s gender, age, HIV status, current medications, awareness of tooth grinding or clenching, jaw soreness, tooth or gum soreness, and frequency of headaches. For the clinical evaluation, a dental provider recorded the degree of wear on each tooth using a scale of 0–3. An individual tooth-wear index was used to rank patients with regard to incisal and occlusal wear. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, tests of association and regression analysis using SPSS V.24. Results The study sample involved 93 patients (HIV + ve = 60, HIV–ve = 33) with age range of 20-90 yrs. (mean = 49 yrs., s.d = 13.3). 92 and 67% participants of the HIV + ve and HIV-ve groups, respectively, presented with tooth wear. The mean tooth wear index was higher in HIV + ve patients than HIV–ve patients (8.2 vs. 7.8), however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A significant, positive correlation was found between HIV presence and tooth wear index, after accounting for age (B = 0.71, p < 0.05). The number of years on anti-retroviral therapy alone was positively correlated with tooth wear index (R2 = 0.116, p < 0.05). After controlling for age, years of anti-retroviral therapy use was positively correlated with tooth wear index (B = 0.047, p > 0.05). Conclusions The findings from this study suggest that HIV + ve patients, who are on anti-retroviral therapy have significant tooth wear, although more studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm this. There is a critical need to initiate a dialogue with medical providers about tooth wear as a possible side effect of antiretroviral therapy and to introduce appropriate preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Singh Sehgal
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 5N034 SDPERI, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, Oregon, 97201-5042, USA.
| | - Richie Kohli
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Edward Pham
- School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Grace E Beck
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Finlayson TL, Lemus H, Becerra K, Kaste LM, Beaver SM, Salazar CR, Singer RH, Youngblood ME. Unfair Treatment and Periodontitis Among Adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1093-1106. [PMID: 29327269 PMCID: PMC6760848 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how perceived unfair treatment, towards self and observed towards others due to ethnicity, is associated with periodontitis among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults, accounting for sociodemographic, health behavior, and acculturation factors. Baseline (2008-2011) dental and survey data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter epidemiologic study, were analyzed (N = 12,750). Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and confidence limits were estimated. Half (49%) reported never being treated unfairly, while 41% reported they were sometimes, and 10% reported it often/always. One third (32%) never saw others treated unfairly, while 42% reported it sometimes, and 26% reported it often/always. In the final fully adjusted model, the prevalence of periodontitis was higher among adults who were as follows: non-Dominican, older, male, had a past year dental visit, current and former smokers, and among those who observed unfair treatment towards others. Lower prevalence was associated with higher income, higher educational attainment, less than full-time employment, reporting experiencing unfair treatment, higher acculturation scores, and having health insurance. Perceived unfair treatment towards self was negatively associated with periodontitis prevalence, while observed unfair treatment towards others was positively associated with the outcome among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. The associations between unfair treatment and periodontitis warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Becerra
- Gary and Mary West Senior Dental Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard H Singer
- Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA and Univesity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, FL, USA
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Sabbah W, Gomaa N, Gireesh A. Stress, allostatic load, and periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2018; 78:154-161. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Sabbah
- Division of Population and Patient Health; Dental Institute; King's College London; London UK
| | - Noha Gomaa
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Interaction between stress, cytokines, and salivary cortisol in pregnant and non-pregnant women with gingivitis. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 25:1677-1684. [PMID: 30066030 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the effects of periodontal treatment on the inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid and the concentration of salivary cortisol between non-pregnant and pregnant women with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 30 non-pregnant women (mean age 27.93 ± 6.61 years) and 30 pregnant women (mean age 28.93 ± 4.04 years). Each participant presented with the clinical symptoms of generalized, moderate-to-severe gingivitis. Saliva samples were collected by using the spitting method, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected by using the intrasulcular method at baseline and after 3 weeks. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NPT) comprising scaling and oral hygiene instruction was administered after sample collection. The interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in GCF and salivary cortisol concentrations were determined with using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The pregnant women exhibited significantly deeper pockets (p < 0.05) and greater gingival inflammation (p < 0.05) than the non-pregnant women after periodontal therapy. Moreover, the levels of interleukin-6 in the GCF were significantly higher in the pregnant women compared to the non-pregnant women after periodontal therapy: 17.73 ± 9.82 pg per site and 8.08 ± 4.51 pg per site, respectively, p < 0.05. No differences in the levels of interleukin-10 were observed. The pregnant women also exhibited higher cortisol concentration in the saliva after periodontal therapy, compared to the non-pregnant women, while the levels of stress (as seen on the perceived stress scale-10) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Although non-surgical periodontal therapy may reduce the clinical parameters of gingivitis, increasing levels of stress in pregnancy may reduce the individual's response to it. However, further studies are necessary to substantiate these early findings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Psychosocial stress may increase the risk of periodontal disease by altering the behavioral and immune responses of the individual. Therefore, the levels of stress should be taken into consideration in order to increase the efficacy of periodontal therapy in pregnant patients.
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Liu F, Wen YF, Zhou Y, Lei G, Guo QY, Dang YH. A meta-analysis of emotional disorders as possible risk factors for chronic periodontitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11434. [PMID: 29995795 PMCID: PMC6076092 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate scientific evidence on the association between emotional disorder (depression and anxiety) and chronic periodontitis. An overall electronic literature search in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was undertaken up to November 2017. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was applied to ascertain the validity of each eligible study. Stata statistical software was used to perform meta-analysis. The strength of the association between periodontitis and emotional disorder was measured by odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Begger's test. A total of 14 eligible articles were included in the meta-analysis, 6 of them were focused exclusively on depression, whereas 8 studies investigated both depression and anxiety. There was significant association between emotional disorder and chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.27-1.86). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the present results. No evidence of asymmetry was observed in Begger's test. This meta-analysis demonstrates significant association between emotional disorder (including anxiety and depression) and chronic periodontitis. Nevertheless, the result should be interpreted with caution because of the potential bias and confounding in the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Yi-feng Wen
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Department of Endodontic Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospita of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuan Zhou
- College of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gang Lei
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Qing-yu Guo
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Yong-hui Dang
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
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Hsu CC, Hsu YC, Chen HJ, Lin CC, Chang KH, Lee CY, Chong LW, Kao CH. Association of Periodontitis and Subsequent Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2347. [PMID: 26705230 PMCID: PMC4697996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease associated with multiple physical conditions. Distress and depression are other problems affecting the progression of periodontitis. However, the causal relationship between depression and periodontitis has not been adequately investigated. This aim of this study was to determine the association between periodontitis and the subsequent development of depression.We identified 12,708 patients with newly diagnosed periodontitis from 2000 to 2005 and 50,832 frequency-matched individuals without periodontitis. Both groups were followed until diagnosed with depression, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program, or the end of 2011. The association between periodontitis and depressio was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.The incidence density rate of depression was higher in the periodontitis group than in the nonperiodontitis group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.58-1.89) when adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidity. Cox models revealed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for depression in patients, except for comorbidities of diabetes mellitus (DM), alcohol abuse, and cancer.Periodontitis may increase the risk of subsequent depression and was suggested an independent risk factor regardless of sex, age, and most comorbidities. However, DM, alcohol abuse, and cancer may prevent the development of subsequent depression because of DM treatment, the paradoxical effect of alcohol, and emotional distress to cancer, respectively. Prospective studies on the relationship between periodontitis and depression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Hsu
- From the Department of Psychiatry (C-CH), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (Y-CH), Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City; Management Office for Health Data (H-JC, C-CL), China Medical University Hospital; College of Medicine (H-JC, C-CL), China Medical University; Department of Medical Research (K-HC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; College of Medicine (C-YL), The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University (Yancho Campus); Department of Chinese Medicine (C-YL), E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung; Department of Internal Medicine (L-WC), Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Center (C-HK), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science (C-HK), College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
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Rams TE, Feik D, Mortensen JE, Degener JE, van Winkelhoff AJ. Antibiotic susceptibility of periodontal Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius clinical isolates. J Periodontol 2015; 85:1792-8. [PMID: 25102269 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius in subgingival dental plaque biofilms may contribute to forms of periodontitis that resist treatment with conventional mechanical root debridement/surgical procedures and may additionally participate in some extraoral infections. Because systemic antibiotics are often used in these clinical situations, and little is known of the antibiotic susceptibility of subgingival isolates of these two bacterial species, this study determined the in vitro susceptibility to six antibiotics of fresh S. constellatus and S. intermedius clinical isolates from human periodontitis lesions. METHODS A total of 33 S. constellatus and 17 S. intermedius subgingival strains, each recovered from separate patients with severe chronic periodontitis (n = 50) before treatment, were subjected to antibiotic gradient strip susceptibility testing with amoxicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline on blood-supplemented Mueller-Hinton agar and to the inhibitory effects of metronidazole at 16 mg/L in an enriched Brucella blood agar dilution assay. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing interpretative standards were used to assess the results. RESULTS Clindamycin was the most active antibiotic against S. constellatus (minimum inhibitory concentration at 90% [MIC90] 0.25 mg/L), and amoxicillin was most active against S. intermedius (MIC90 0.125 mg/L). A total of 30% of the S. constellatus and S. intermedius clinical isolates were resistant in vitro to doxycycline, 98% were only intermediate in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and 90% were resistant to metronidazole at 16 mg/L. CONCLUSION Subgingival S. constellatus and S. intermedius exhibited variable antibiotic susceptibility profiles, potentially complicating empirical selection of periodontitis antibiotic therapy in patients who are species positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, and Oral Microbiology Testing Service Laboratory, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA
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16
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Plaque score change as an indicator for periimplant health in periodontal patients with immediately restored dental implants. IMPLANT DENT 2015; 24:323-7. [PMID: 25835514 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a history of periodontitis might have a higher risk for implant failure as compared with periodontally healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to look into this risk factor by examining the association between plaque scores, probing depths (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) around teeth and immediately restored dental implants up to 1 year after implant surgery. METHODS Patients with partial edentulism, diagnosed with and previously treated for generalized chronic periodontitis, received dental implants, abutments, and cemented provisional prostheses up to 72 hours after implant surgery. Plaque scores, PD, and BOP were recorded and evaluated 6 and 12 months postsurgery. RESULTS Plaque scores deteriorated slightly around teeth and improved around implants. No significant change was observed in the distribution of PD around teeth. The proportion of shallow pockets increased around implants. Improvement in plaque scores was associated with a stable/reduced PD, whereas deterioration in plaque scores was associated with increased PD around implants and teeth. CONCLUSIONS A direct relationship was found between plaque score improvement and stable/reduced PD. Therefore, partially edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis should be encouraged to improve their plaque scores to maintain shallower pockets around implants.
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Sousa LLA, e Silva Filho WLS, Mendes RF, Moita Neto JM, Prado Junior RR. Oral health of patients under short hospitalization period: observational study. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:558-63. [PMID: 24617503 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of hospitalization on the oral health status of individuals hospitalized for a short period of time. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was an observational study of hospitalized patients. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) was measured at baseline (T0 - first 24 h of hospital admission), and at 3 (T1), 7 (T2), 14 (T3) days. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-two patients were examined at baseline (T0), 35 examined at 3 days (T1), 23 at 7 days (T2) and 16 at 14 days (T3). The main reason for loss of patients was hospital discharge. The mean PI increased at T1 (0.97-1.21; p < 0.001), at T2 (1.06-1.30; p < 0.007) and at T3 (1.19-1.44; p < 0.03). Gingival index (GI) increased at T2 (0.74-0.96; p < 0.04) and at T3 (0.74-0.96; p < 0.02). CONCLUSION Oral health, assessed through PI and GI, deteriorates after a short period of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L A Sousa
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the high incidence of periodontal disorders among patients suffering from mental illnesses, probably because of self-care impairment, the difficult financial conditions, and the lack of motivation. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of depression and alexithymia on periodontal status. Due to the influence of personality traits on behavior in general, the secondary aim of our study was to investigate the possible impact of personality disorders on dental status. METHODS Patients with major depression (DP) referred to our psychiatry unit and healthy individuals (controls) were consecutively enrolled during the period April 2012-September 2012. All the participants to the study underwent a psychiatric evaluation (through questionnaires investigating the presence of depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and alexithymia) and a dental examination through the following indexes: plaque index, gingival index, simplified oral hygiene index, periodontal index. RESULTS Fifty DP (aged 56.7±15.2 years) and 40 controls (aged 56.1±15.9 years) were enrolled in the study. DP showed a worse oral hygiene status. In particular, statistically significant differences were found when comparing DP and controls in terms of plaque index, simplified oral hygiene index, gingival index, periodontal index, and oral health impact profile. In addition, periodontal health was found to be negatively related to the severity of depression and the presence of alexithymia. The strength of association between depression and dental indexes was reduced after adjusting for the other psychiatric variables (alexithymia and personality disorders) and was confirmed only for oral health impact profile. CONCLUSION Psychiatric variables seem to affect the patients' periodontal status; due to the high frequency of dental problems, patients suffering from mental illnesses should be referred to the oral health services for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luca
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department "GF Ingrassia", Section of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Calandra
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Samaranayake L. Lifelong learning and open access. JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2013; 4:67-68. [PMID: 23616345 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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