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Wang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Meng S, Liu Q, Li Q, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Wei C. Regulatory loops between rice transcription factors OsNAC25 and OsNAC20/26 balance starch synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1365-1381. [PMID: 38471799 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Several starch synthesis regulators have been identified, but these regulators are situated in the terminus of the regulatory network. Their upstream regulators and the complex regulatory network formed between these regulators remain largely unknown. A previous study demonstrated that NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factors, OsNAC20 and OsNAC26 (OsNAC20/26), redundantly and positively regulate the accumulation of storage material in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm. In this study, we detected OsNAC25 as an upstream regulator and interacting protein of OsNAC20/26. Both OsNAC25 mutation and OE resulted in a chalky seed phenotype, decreased starch content, and reduced expression of starch synthesis-related genes, but the mechanisms were different. In the osnac25 mutant, decreased expression of OsNAC20/26 resulted in reduced starch synthesis; however, in OsNAC25-overexpressing plants, the OsNAC25-OsNAC20/26 complex inhibited OsNAC20/26 binding to the promoter of starch synthesis-related genes. In addition, OsNAC20/26 positively regulated OsNAC25. Therefore, the mutual regulation between OsNAC25 and OsNAC20/26 forms a positive regulatory loop to stimulate the expression of starch synthesis-related genes and meet the great demand for starch accumulation in the grain filling stage. Simultaneously, a negative regulatory loop forms among the 3 proteins to avoid the excessive expression of starch synthesis-related genes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that both promotion and inhibition mechanisms between OsNAC25 and OsNAC20/26 are essential for maintaining stable expression of starch synthesis-related genes and normal starch accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanjiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Yang X, Huang Y, Xia P. The property and function of proteins undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38808958 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of membrane-less organelles in cells play an essential role in regulating gene expression, RNA processing, plant growth and development, and helping organisms cope with changing external environments. In biology, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) usually refers to a reversible process in which one or more specific molecular components are spontaneously separated from the bulk environment, producing two distinct liquid phases: concentrated and dilute. LLPS may be a powerful cellular compartmentalisation mechanism whereby biocondensates formed via LLPS when biomolecules exceed critical or saturating concentrations in the environment where they are found will be generated. It has been widely used to explain the formation of membrane-less organelles in organisms. LLPS studies in the context of plant physiology are now widespread, but most of the research is still focused on non-plant systems; the study of phase separation in plants needs to be more thorough. Proteins and nucleic acids are the main components involved in LLPS. This review summarises the specific features and properties of biomolecules undergoing LLPS in plants. We describe in detail these biomolecules' structural characteristics, the mechanism of formation of condensates, and the functions of these condensates. Finally, We summarised the phase separation mechanisms in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Yang R, Li K, Wang M, Sun M, Li Q, Chen L, Xiao F, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jiao F, Chen J. ZmNAC17 Regulates Mesocotyl Elongation by Mediating Auxin and ROS Biosynthetic Pathways in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4585. [PMID: 38731804 PMCID: PMC11083593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesocotyl is of great significance in seedling emergence and in responding to biotic and abiotic stress in maize. The NAM, ATAF, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor family plays an important role in maize growth and development; however, its function in the elongation of the maize mesocotyl is still unclear. In this study, we found that the mesocotyl length in zmnac17 loss-of-function mutants was lower than that in the B73 wild type. By using transcriptomic sequencing technology, we identified 444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between zmnac17-1 and B73, which were mainly enriched in the "tryptophan metabolism" and "antioxidant activity" pathways. Compared with the control, the zmnac17-1 mutants exhibited a decrease in the content of indole acetic acid (IAA) and an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results provide preliminary evidence that ZmNAC17 regulates the elongation of the maize mesocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kangshi Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenlong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Zhang M, Hou X, Yang H, Wang J, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang C, Wang B, Chen M. The NAC gene family in the halophyte Limonium bicolor: Identification, expression analysis, and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108462. [PMID: 38484683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the number, types, and biological functions of Limonium bicolor LbNAC genes have remained elusive. L. bicolor secretes excessive salt ions through salt glands on its stems and leaves to reduce salt-induced damage. Here, we identified 63 NAC members (LbNAC1-63) in L. bicolor, which were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Cis-elements in the LbNAC promoters were related to growth and development, stress responses, and phytohormone responses. We observed strong colinearity between LbNACs and GmNACs from soybean (Glycine max). Thus, LbNAC genes may share similar functions with GmNAC genes. Expression analysis indicated that 16 LbNAC genes are highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, whereas 17 LbNAC genes were highly expressed throughout salt gland development, suggesting that they may regulate this developmental stage. Silencing LbNAC54 in L. bicolor decreased salt gland density, salt secretion from leaves, and overall salt tolerance. In agreement, genes related to salt gland development were significantly downregulated in LbNAC54-silenced lines. Our findings shed light on LbNAC genes and help elucidate salt gland development and salt secretion in L. bicolor. Our data also provide insight into NAC functions in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xueting Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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Chen Y, Li X, Xie X, Liu L, Fu J, Wang Q. Maize transcription factor ZmNAC2 enhances osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153948. [PMID: 36812721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress seriously limits crop yield and quality. Among plant-specific transcription factors families, the NAC family of transcription factors is extensively involved in various growth, development and stress responses. Here we identified a maize NAC family transcription factor ZmNAC2 with inducible gene expression in response to osmotic stress. The subcellular localization showed that it was localized in the nucleus and overexpression of ZmNAC2 in Arabidopsis significantly promoted seed germination and elevated cotyledon greening under osmotic stress. ZmNAC2 also enhanced stomatal closure and decreased water loss in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overexpression of ZmNAC2 activated ROS scavenging and the transgenic lines accumulated less MDA and developed more lateral roots with drought or mannitol treatment. Further RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmNAC2 up-regulated a number of genes related to osmotic stress resistance, as well as plant hormone signaling genes. All together, ZmNAC2 enhances osmotic stress tolerance by regulating multiple physiological processes and molecular mechanisms, and exhibits potential as the target gene in crop breeding to increase osmotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jingye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Yang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Lv W, Liu X, Ma L, Fu H, Song S, Lei X. Screening of protonstatin-1 (PS-1) analogs for improved inhibitors of plant plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:973471. [PMID: 36311099 PMCID: PMC9597486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.973471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified protonstatin-1 (PS-1) as a selective inhibitor of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) activity and used it as a tool to validate the chemiosmotic model for polar auxin transport. Here, to obtain compounds with higher affinity than PS-1 for PM H+-ATPase, we synthesized 34 PS-1 analogs and examined their ability to inhibit PM H+-ATPase activity. The 34 analogs showed varying inhibitory effects on the activity of this enzyme. The strongest effect was observed for the small molecule PS-2, which was approximately five times stronger than PS-1. Compared to PS-1, PS-2 was also a stronger inhibitor of auxin uptake as well as acropetal and basipetal polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Because PS-2 is a more potent inhibitor of PM H+-ATPase than PS-1, we believe that this compound could be used as a tool to study the functions of this key plant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjia Lv
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqi Fu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Song
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Huang ZH, Bao K, Jing ZH, Wang Q, Duan HF, Zhang S, Tao WW, Wu QN. Euryale Small Auxin Up RNA62 promotes cell elongation and seed size by altering the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid under the light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931063. [PMID: 36160968 PMCID: PMC9500450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.) is an aquatic crop used as both food and drug in Asia, but its utilization is seriously limited due to low yield. Previously, we hypothesized that Euryale small auxin up RNAs (EuSAURs) regulate seed size, but the underlying biological functions and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we observed that the hybrid Euryale lines (HL) generate larger seeds with higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations than those in the North Gordon Euryale (WT). Histological analysis suggested that a larger ovary in HL is attributed to longer cells around. Overexpression of EuSAUR62 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulted in larger glumes and grains and increased the length of glume cells. Immunofluorescence and protein interaction assays revealed that EuSAUR62 modulates IAA accumulation around the rice ovary by interacting with the rice PIN-FORMED 9, an auxin efflux carrier protein. Euryale basic region/leucine zipper 55 (EubZIP55), which was highly expressed in HL, directly binds to the EuSAUR62 promoter and activated the expression of EuSAUR62. Constant light increased the expression of both EubZIP55 and EuSAUR62 with auxin-mediated hook curvature in HL seedlings. Overall, we proposed that EuSAUR62 is a molecular bridge between light and IAA and plays a crucial role in regulating the size of the Euryale seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-heng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-hui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-fang Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-wei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-nan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
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MicroRNAs Mediated Plant Responses to Salt Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182806. [PMID: 36139379 PMCID: PMC9496875 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most damaging issues to cultivatable land is soil salinity. While salt stress influences plant growth and yields at low to moderate levels, severe salt stress is harmful to plant growth. Mineral shortages and toxicities frequently exacerbate the problem of salinity. The growth of many plants is quantitatively reduced by various levels of salt stress depending on the stage of development and duration of stress. Plants have developed various mechanisms to withstand salt stress. One of the key strategies is the utilization of microRNAs (miRNAs) that can influence gene regulation at the post-transcriptional stage under different environmental conditions, including salinity. Here, we have reviewed the miRNA-mediated adaptations of various plant species to salt stress and other abiotic variables. Moreover, salt responsive (SR)-miRNAs, their targets, and corresponding pathways have also been discussed. The review article concludes by suggesting that the utilization of miRNAs may be a vital strategy to generate salt tolerant crops ensuring food security in the future.
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Sun Y, Song K, Guo M, Wu H, Ji X, Hou L, Liu X, Lu S. A NAC Transcription Factor from 'Sea Rice 86' Enhances Salt Tolerance by Promoting Hydrogen Sulfide Production in Rice Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126435. [PMID: 35742880 PMCID: PMC9223411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity severely threatens plant growth and crop performance. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a plant signal molecule, has been implicated in the regulation of plant responses to salinity stress. However, it is unclear how the transcriptional network regulates H2S biosynthesis during salt stress response. In this study, we identify a rice NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) transcription factor, OsNAC35-like (OsNACL35), from a salt-tolerant cultivar ‘Sea Rice 86′ (SR86) and further show that it may have improved salt tolerance via enhanced H2S production. The expression of OsNACL35 was significantly upregulated by high salinity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The OsNACL35 protein was localized predominantly in the nucleus and was found to have transactivation activity in yeast. The overexpression of OsNACL35 (OsNACL35-OE) in japonica cultivar Nipponbare ramatically increased resistance to salinity stress, whereas its dominant-negative constructs (SUPERMAN repression domain, SRDX) conferred hypersensitivity to salt stress in the transgenic lines at the vegetative stage. Moreover, the quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that many stress-associated genes were differentially expressed in the OsNACL35-OE and OsNACL35-SRDX lines. Interestingly, the ectopic expression of OsNACL35 triggered a sharp increase in H2S content by upregulating the expression of a H2S biosynthetic gene, OsDCD1, upon salinity stress. Furthermore, the dual luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that OsNACL35 directly upregulated the expression of OsDCD1 by binding to the promoter sequence of OsDCD1. Taken together, our observations illustrate that OsNACL35 acts as a positive regulator that links H2S production to salt stress tolerance, which may hold promising utility in breeding salt-tolerant rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Liu
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-0532-58957480 (S.L.)
| | - Songchong Lu
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-0532-58957480 (S.L.)
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Yang Y, Liu X, Guo W, Liu W, Shao W, Zhao J, Li J, Dong Q, Ma L, He Q, Li Y, Han J, Lei X. Testing the polar auxin transport model with a selective plasma membrane H + -ATPase inhibitor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1229-1245. [PMID: 35352470 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is unique among plant hormones in that its function requires polarized transport across plant cells. A chemiosmotic model was proposed to explain how polar auxin transport is derived by the H+ gradient across the plasma membrane (PM) established by PM H+ -adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases). However, a classical genetic approach by mutations in PM H+ -ATPase members did not result in the ablation of polar auxin distribution, possibly due to functional redundancy in this gene family. To confirm the crucial role of PM H+ -ATPases in the polar auxin transport model, we employed a chemical genetic approach. Through a chemical screen, we identified protonstatin-1 (PS-1), a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PM H+ -ATPase activity that inhibits auxin transport. Assays with transgenic plants and yeast strains showed that the activity of PM H+ -ATPases affects auxin uptake as well as acropetal and basipetal polar auxin transport. We propose that PS-1 can be used as a tool to interrogate the function of PM H+ -ATPases. Our results support the chemiosmotic model in which PM H+ -ATPase itself plays a fundamental role in polar auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Iomics Biosciences Inc., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qun He
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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11
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Yan H, Ma G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Qiu L, Xu J, Zhou H, Wei M, Xiong J, Li M, Zhou S, Wu J, Tang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Two Diploid Wild Relatives of Cultivated Sweet Potato Uncovers Potential NAC Genes Related to Drought Tolerance. Front Genet 2021; 12:744220. [PMID: 34899836 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.021.744220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) proteins play a pivotal role in modulating plant development and offer protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. Until now, no systematic knowledge of NAC family genes is available for the food security crop, sweet potato. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide survey of NAC domain-containing proteins identified 130 ItbNAC and 144 ItfNAC genes with full length sequences in the genomes of two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweet potato, Ipomoea triloba and Ipomoea trifida, respectively. These genes were physically mapped onto 15 I. triloba and 16 I. trifida chromosomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided all 274 NAC proteins into 20 subgroups together with NAC transcription factors (TFs) from Arabidopsis. There were 9 and 15 tandem duplication events in the I. triloba and I. trifida genomes, respectively, indicating an important role of tandem duplication in sweet potato gene expansion and evolution. Moreover, synteny analysis suggested that most NAC genes in the two diploid sweet potato species had a similar origin and evolutionary process. Gene expression patterns based on RNA-Seq data in different tissues and in response to various hormone, biotic or abiotic treatments revealed their possible involvement in organ development and response to various biotic/abiotic stresses. The expression of 36 NAC TFs, which were upregulated in the five tissues and in response to mannitol treatment, was also determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in hexaploid cultivated sweet potato exposed to drought stress. Those results largely corroborated the expression profile of mannitol treatment uncovered by the RNA-Seq data. Some significantly up-regulated genes related to drought stress, such as ItbNAC110, ItbNAC114, ItfNAC15, ItfNAC28, and especially ItfNAC62, which had a conservative spatial conformation with a closely related paralogous gene, ANAC019, may be potential candidate genes for a sweet potato drought tolerance breeding program. This analysis provides comprehensive and systematic information about NAC family genes in two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweet potato, and will provide a blueprint for their functional characterization and exploitation to improve the tolerance of sweet potato to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yan
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Guohua Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Lihang Qiu
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Biological Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Minzheng Wei
- Cash Crop Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Cash Crop Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Biodata Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Shaohuan Zhou
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuhua Tang
- Cash Crop Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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12
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Yan H, Ma G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Qiu L, Xu J, Zhou H, Wei M, Xiong J, Li M, Zhou S, Wu J, Tang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Two Diploid Wild Relatives of Cultivated Sweet Potato Uncovers Potential NAC Genes Related to Drought Tolerance. Front Genet 2021; 12:744220. [PMID: 34899836 PMCID: PMC8653416 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.744220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) proteins play a pivotal role in modulating plant development and offer protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. Until now, no systematic knowledge of NAC family genes is available for the food security crop, sweet potato. Here, a comprehensive genome-wide survey of NAC domain-containing proteins identified 130 ItbNAC and 144 ItfNAC genes with full length sequences in the genomes of two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweet potato, Ipomoea triloba and Ipomoea trifida, respectively. These genes were physically mapped onto 15 I. triloba and 16 I. trifida chromosomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided all 274 NAC proteins into 20 subgroups together with NAC transcription factors (TFs) from Arabidopsis. There were 9 and 15 tandem duplication events in the I. triloba and I. trifida genomes, respectively, indicating an important role of tandem duplication in sweet potato gene expansion and evolution. Moreover, synteny analysis suggested that most NAC genes in the two diploid sweet potato species had a similar origin and evolutionary process. Gene expression patterns based on RNA-Seq data in different tissues and in response to various hormone, biotic or abiotic treatments revealed their possible involvement in organ development and response to various biotic/abiotic stresses. The expression of 36 NAC TFs, which were upregulated in the five tissues and in response to mannitol treatment, was also determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in hexaploid cultivated sweet potato exposed to drought stress. Those results largely corroborated the expression profile of mannitol treatment uncovered by the RNA-Seq data. Some significantly up-regulated genes related to drought stress, such as ItbNAC110, ItbNAC114, ItfNAC15, ItfNAC28, and especially ItfNAC62, which had a conservative spatial conformation with a closely related paralogous gene, ANAC019, may be potential candidate genes for a sweet potato drought tolerance breeding program. This analysis provides comprehensive and systematic information about NAC family genes in two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweet potato, and will provide a blueprint for their functional characterization and exploitation to improve the tolerance of sweet potato to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yan
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Guohua Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Lihang Qiu
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Biological Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Minzheng Wei
- Cash Crop Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Cash Crop Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Biodata Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Shaohuan Zhou
- GuangXi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Shaohuan Zhou, ; Jianming Wu, ; Xiuhua Tang,
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement and Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Shaohuan Zhou, ; Jianming Wu, ; Xiuhua Tang,
| | - Xiuhua Tang
- Cash Crop Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Shaohuan Zhou, ; Jianming Wu, ; Xiuhua Tang,
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13
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Xu X, Zheng C, Lu D, Song CP, Zhang L. Phase separation in plants: New insights into cellular compartmentalization. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1835-1855. [PMID: 34314106 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Further, membraneless compartmentalization, a process induced by dynamic physical association of biomolecules through phase transition offers another efficient mechanism for intracellular organization. While our understanding of phase separation was predominantly dependent on yeast and animal models, recent findings have provided compelling evidence for emerging roles of phase separation in plants. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge of phase separation, including its definition, biophysical principles, molecular features and regulatory mechanisms. Then we summarize plant-specific phase separation phenomena and describe their functions in plant biological processes in great detail. Moreover, we propose that phase separation is an evolutionarily conserved and efficient mechanism for cellular compartmentalization which allows for distinct metabolic processes and signaling pathways, and is especially beneficial for the sessile lifestyle of plants to quickly and efficiently respond to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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14
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D’Incà E, Cazzaniga S, Foresti C, Vitulo N, Bertini E, Galli M, Gallavotti A, Pezzotti M, Battista Tornielli G, Zenoni S. VviNAC33 promotes organ de-greening and represses vegetative growth during the vegetative-to-mature phase transition in grapevine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:726-746. [PMID: 33567124 PMCID: PMC8251598 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo several developmental transitions during their life cycle. In grapevine, a perennial woody fruit crop, the transition from vegetative/green-to-mature/woody growth involves transcriptomic reprogramming orchestrated by a small group of genes encoding regulators, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated the function of the transcriptional regulator VviNAC33 by generating and characterizing transgenic overexpressing grapevine lines and a chimeric repressor, and by exploring its putative targets through a DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) approach combined with transcriptomic data. We demonstrated that VviNAC33 induces leaf de-greening, inhibits organ growth and directly activates the expression of STAY-GREEN PROTEIN 1 (SGR1), which is involved in Chl and photosystem degradation, and AUTOPHAGY 8f (ATG8f), which is involved in the maturation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, we show that VviNAC33 directly inhibits AUXIN EFFLUX FACILITATOR PIN1, RopGEF1 and ATP SYNTHASE GAMMA CHAIN 1T (ATPC1), which are involved in photosystem II integrity and activity. Our results show that VviNAC33 plays a major role in terminating photosynthetic activity and organ growth as part of a regulatory network governing the vegetative-to-mature phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D’Incà
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | | | - Chiara Foresti
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854‐8020USA
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
| | | | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVerona37134Italy
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15
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Li T, Kang X, Lei W, Yao X, Zou L, Zhang D, Lin H. SHY2 as a node in the regulation of root meristem development by auxin, brassinosteroids, and cytokinin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1500-1517. [PMID: 32239656 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, the balance between cell division and differentiation determines organ size, and represents a central unknown in developmental biology. In Arabidopsis roots, this balance is mediated between cytokinin and auxin through a regulatory circuit converging on the IAA3/SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2 (SHY2) gene. Here, we show that crosstalk between brassinosteroids (BRs) and auxin occurs in the vascular transition zone to promote root meristem development. We found that BR increases root meristem size by up-regulating expression of the PINFORMED 7 (PIN7) gene and down-regulating expression of the SHY2 gene. In addition, BES1 could directly bind to the promoter regions of both PIN7 and SHY2, indicating that PIN7 and SHY2 mediate the BR-induced growth of the root meristem by serving as direct targets of BES1. Moreover, the PIN7 overexpression and loss-of-function SHY2 mutant were sensitive to the effects of BR and could partially suppress the short-root phenotypes associated with deficient BR signaling. Interestingly, BRs could inhibit the accumulation of SHY2 protein in response to cytokinin. Taken together, these findings suggest that a complex equilibrium model exists in which regulatory interactions among BRs, auxin, and cytokinin regulate optimal root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467044, China
| | - Xinke Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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16
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Li T, Lei W, He R, Tang X, Han J, Zou L, Yin Y, Lin H, Zhang D. Brassinosteroids regulate root meristem development by mediating BIN2-UPB1 module in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008883. [PMID: 32609718 PMCID: PMC7360063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and development at many levels. While negative regulatory factors that inhibit development and are counteracted by BRs exist in the root meristem, these factors have not been characterized. The functions of UPB1 transcription factor in BR-regulated root growth have not been established, although its role in regulating root are well documented. Here, we found that BIN2 interacts with and phosphorylates the UPB1 transcription factor consequently promoting UPB1 stability and transcriptional activity. Genetic analysis revealed that UPB1 deficiency could partially recover the short-root phenotype of BR-deficient mutants. Expression of a mutated UPB1S37AS41A protein lacking a conserved BIN2 phosphorylation sites can rescue shorter root phenotype of bin2-1 mutant. In addition, UPB1 was repressed by BES1 at the transcriptional level. The paclobutrazol-resistant protein family (PRE2/3) interacts with UPB1 and inhibits its transcriptional activity to promote root meristem development, and BIN2-mediated phosphorylation of UPB1 suppresses its interaction with PRE2/3, and subsequently impairing root meristem development. Taken together, our data elucidate a molecular mechanism by which BR promotes root growth via inhibiting BIN2-UPB1 module. Various physiological and genetic researches have provided ample evidence in support of the role of plant hormones in root development. Brasinosteroids (BR) play important roles in controlling root growth and development, but the mechanism of negatively regulating factors in this process is less well studied. Here, we found BIN2 kinase, a negative component in BR signaling, interacted with and phosphorylated UPB1 to stabilize and promote its binding ability. The upb1-1 mutant was hypersensitive phenotype, while UPB1-overexpression lines showed opposite effects on BR regulated root meristem development, and defect of UPB1 partially suppressed the short-root phenotype in BR-deficient mutants. Moreover, the paclobutrazol-resistant protein family (PRE2/3) interacted with UPB1 and inhibited its transcriptional activity, and this interaction was also inhibited by BIN2 phosphorylation, thus impairing root meristem development. Our findings provide significant insights into BR signaling through BIN2-UPB1 in regulating root meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jifu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HL); (DZ)
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (HL); (DZ)
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17
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Cui Y, Zhao Q, Hu S, Jiang L. Vacuole Biogenesis in Plants: How Many Vacuoles, How Many Models? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:538-548. [PMID: 32407694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are the largest membrane-bounded organelles and have essential roles in plant growth and development, but several important questions on the biogenesis and dynamics of lytic vacuoles (LVs) remain. Here, we summarize and discuss recent research and models of vacuole formation, and propose, with testable hypotheses, that besides inherited vacuoles, plant cells can also synthesize LVs de novo from multiple organelles and routes in response to growth and development or external factors. Therefore, LVs may be further classified into different subgroups and/or populations with different pH, cargos, and functions, among which multivesicular body (MVB)-derived small vacuoles are the main source for central vacuole formation in arabidopsis root cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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18
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Du H, Ning L, He B, Wang Y, Ge M, Xu J, Zhao H. Cross-Species Root Transcriptional Network Analysis Highlights Conserved Modules in Response to Nitrate between Maize and Sorghum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041445. [PMID: 32093344 PMCID: PMC7073038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to respond to the fluctuation of available nitrogen (N) in soil, but the genetic mechanisms underlying the N response in crops are not well-documented. In this study, we generated a time series of NO3−-mediated transcriptional profiles in roots of maize and sorghum, respectively. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified modules of co-expressed genes that related to NO3− treatments. A cross-species comparison revealed 22 conserved modules, of which four were related to hormone signaling, suggesting that hormones participate in the early nitrate response. Three other modules are composed of genes that are mainly upregulated by NO3− and involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, including NRT, NIR, NIA, FNR, and G6PD2. Two G2-like transcription factors (ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1), induced by NO3− stimulation, were identified as hub transcription factors (TFs) in the modules. Transient assays demonstrated that ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1 are transcriptional repressors. We identified the target genes of ZmNIGT1 by DNA affinity-purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) and found that they were significantly enriched in catalytic activity, including carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrient metabolism. A set of ZmNIGT1 targets encode transcription factors (ERF, ARF, and AGL) that are involved in hormone signaling and root development. We propose that ZmNIGT1 and SbNIGT1 are negative regulators of nitrate responses that play an important role in optimizing nutrition metabolism and root morphogenesis. Together with conserved N responsive modules, our study indicated that, to encounter N variation in soil, maize and sorghum have evolved an NO3−-regulatory network containing a set of conserved modules and transcription factors.
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Yang G, Li Y, Wu B, Zhang K, Gao L, Zheng C. MicroRNAs transcriptionally regulate promoter activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:1128-1133. [PMID: 30623571 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators that repress gene expression in the cytoplasm in two main ways: mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. Several animal studies have shown that miRNAs also target promoters, thereby activating expression. Whether this miRNA action also occurs in plants is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that several miRNAs regulate target promoters in Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, miR5658 was predominantly present in the nucleus and activated the expression of AT3G25290 directly by binding to its promoter. Our observations suggest that this mode of action may be a general feature of plant miRNAs, and thus provide insight into the vital roles of plant miRNAs in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Binjiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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