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Bakke M. A Comprehensive Analysis of ATP Tests: Practical Use and Recent Progress in the Total Adenylate Test for the Effective Monitoring of Hygiene. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1079-1095. [PMID: 35503956 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rapid hygiene monitoring tests based on the presence of ATP have been widely used in the food industry to ensure that adequate cleanliness is maintained. In this study, the practical applications and limitations of these tests and recent technological progress for facilitating more accurate control were evaluated. The presence of ATP on a surface indicates improper cleaning and the presence of contaminants, including organic debris and bacteria. Food residues are indicators of insufficient cleaning and are direct hazards because they may provide safe harbors for bacteria, provide sources of nutrients for bacterial growth, interfere with the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants, and support the formation of biofilms. Residues of allergenic foods on a surface may increase the risk of allergen cross-contact. However, ATP tests cannot detect bacteria or allergenic proteins directly. To ensure efficient use of commercially available ATP tests, in-depth knowledge is needed regarding their practical applications, methods for determining pass-fail limits, and differences in performance. Conventional ATP tests have limitations due to possible hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and AMP, which further hinders the identification of food residues. To overcome this problem, a total adenylate test was developed that could detect ATP+ADP+AMP (A3 test). The A3 test is suitable for the detection of adenylates from food residues and useful for verification of hygiene levels. The A3 test in conjunction with other methods, such as microorganism culture and food allergen tests, may be a useful strategy for identifying contamination sources and facilitating effective hygiene management. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Bakke
- Kikkoman Biochemifa Company, Marketing & Planning Division, 2-1-1 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
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Infection prevention requirements for the medical care of immunosuppressed patients: recommendations of the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2022; 17:Doc07. [PMID: 35707229 PMCID: PMC9174886 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Germany, guidelines for hygiene in hospitals are given in form of recommendations by the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention, "KRINKO"). The KRINKO and its voluntary work are legitimized by the mandate according to § 23 of the Infection Protection Act (Infektionsschutzgesetz, "IfSG"). The original German version of this document was published in February 2021 and has now been made available to the international professional public in English. The guideline provides recommendations on infection prevention and control for immunocompromised individuals in health care facilities. This recommendation addresses not only measures related to direct medical care of immunocompromised patients, but also management aspects such as surveillance, screening, antibiotic stewardship, and technical/structural aspects such as patient rooms, air quality, and special measures during renovations.
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Neri MFDS, Silva RA, Nascimento JCD, Sousa ÉDN, Rocha R, Barros LM, Sampaio CL, Caetano JÁ. Hand hygiene determinants of informal caregivers in hospitals under Pender's perspective. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 75:e20210012. [PMID: 34614080 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze hand hygiene determinants of informal caregivers in a hospital environment. METHODS qualitative study conducted with 55 caregivers at a university hospital in the Northeast of Brazil. A semi-structured instrument was used, adapted from Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model, from which the deductive categories were derived. RESULTS the general behavior included hand hygiene before meals and after using the bathroom. Sensitivity to the requirements for hand hygiene was observed, but the barriers and self-efficacy consisted of the availability of soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizers, the lack of knowledge on the importance of and forgetfulness of the practice. The reinforcement on the importance of the practice and being in a contaminated environment were influencers, and commitment, warnings, and training were indispensable. CONCLUSIONS benefits related to protection from infections were seen as positive determinants for hand hygiene adherence. For non-adherence, factors such as lack of sanitizing supplies, ignorance towards the importance of the activity, and forgetfulness stood out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Alves Silva
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lívia Moreira Barros
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brazileira. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Li Y, Lu Y, Cai R, Hu G, Lu L. Monitoring the cleanliness of reusable surgical instruments in central sterile supply department by adenosine triphosphate method. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:844-847. [PMID: 34338782 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleaning is very important in reusable surgical instruments (RSI) reprocessing. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method is widely used for cleanliness assessing while few studies focused on using this method on RSIs. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of ATP Bioluminescence Assay for monitoring the cleanliness of RSIs. METHODS The study conducted in three central sterile supply departments (CSSD) from 2015 to 2020, surgical scissors, haemostatic forceps, and other non-lumen instruments after cleaning were sampled. Each instrument was swabbed in a uniform manner on the surface including hinged joints and teeth, the amount of ATP (amol) was calculated. RESULTS A total of 871 RSIs after cleaning were tested, the mean ATP lg (amol) was 2.829 ± 0.539 and the qualified rate was 80.57%. Washer-disinfector cleaning was more efficiency than manual cleaning, the mean ATP lg (amol) were 2.776 ± 0.513 and 2.948 ± 0.575, respectively; the qualified rates were 84.97% and 70.59%, respectively. The qualified rate was decreased with the time of instruments after cleaning exploring to environment increased (P trend = 0.044). CONCLUSION ATP level are stable and repeatable for continuous monitoring the cleanliness of RSIs, it is a rapid and viable method for assessing the cleanliness of RSIs. Washer-disinfector cleaning is recommended and cleaned instruments should go on packing for sterilization in time. HIGHLIGHTS - ATP method is viable for assessing the cleanliness of reusable surgical instruments in CSSDs.- Reusable surgical instruments suggested washer-disinfector cleaning and should go on packing for sterilization in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Cai
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longxi Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Anforderungen an die Infektionsprävention bei der medizinischen Versorgung von immunsupprimierten Patienten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:232-264. [PMID: 33394069 PMCID: PMC7780910 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nadaroglu H, Baran A. The Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Soaps Against Selected Human Pathogens. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antioxidant substances are used not only in food and beverages, but also in soap formulations which are known to be effective in skin cleansing, and are also used as ingredients in the detergent and cosmetics market. The aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal effects of plain and antibacterial soaps containing Punica granatum flower (PGF), Carrot seed (CS, Daucus carota), Lavender (LV, Lavandula officinalis L.) extracts which are known for their high antioxidant activity. Antioxidant properties were determined by using the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) for all soap samples. The effectiveness of soaps which are prepared using PGF, CS and LV extracts on gram positive and gram negative bacteria was investigated. From the findings obtained, all plant extracted soaps had antibacterial activity and it was determined that soap containing carrot extract caused a significant decrease in bacterial levels compared to other soaps. As a result, it has been concluded that the use of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds as soap formulation components is extremely important for increasing the effectiveness of soap against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
- Department of Food Technology , Vocational College of Technical Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum , Turkey
- Department of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering , Institute of Science and Technology, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Alper Baran
- Department of Food Technology , Vocational College of Technical Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum , Turkey
- Department of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering , Institute of Science and Technology, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum , Turkey
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Colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among Medical Students in Tertiary Institution in Central Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070382. [PMID: 32640588 PMCID: PMC7400662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA infection is virulent and presents with a broad spectrum of severity. Limited regional reports that specifically outlined the potential risk of medical students being part of the dissemination of MRSA in healthcare settings were noted. This study aims to assess the prevalence and contributory factors of colonization of MRSA on neckties, headscarves, and ID badges among medical students in a local medical university in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 256 medical students. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, and sample swabs were collected between July and August 2013 by swabbing neckties, headscarves, or identification badges. The swabs were then streaked onto mannitol salt agar (MSA) and incubated at 37 °C overnight. Out of 433 samples taken, 40 swabs (9.24%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Out of the 40 swabs, five (12.5%) isolates were MRSA (one culture was isolated from the headscarf of a preclinical student, one culture was isolated from the necktie of clinical students, while the remaining three were isolated from identification badges of clinical students. There was no significant association between age, gender, ethnicity, and phase of medical students with the colonization of MRSA (p > 0.05). There was a significant association between knowledge score on hand hygiene practice and phase of medical students. MRSA colonies were present on neckties, headscarves, and identification badges of medical students of all phases. The findings from this study suggest the need for improvement of hand hygiene knowledge and discontinuity of mandatory use of physical ID badges and neckties among medical students.
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Omar I, Shirazy M, Omar M, Chaari A. Controlling nosocomial infection in adult intensive treatment unit: A quality improvement project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:267-273. [PMID: 32538871 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-190028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nosocomial infection is a significant burden on healthcare facilities. Its multifactorial nature renders it challenging to control. However, quality healthcare necessitates a safer service that poses no harm to the patient. OBJECTIVE The aim of this project was to reduce the infection rates in the adult ITU to the benchmark levels. METHOD We conducted an internal audit as a result of the high infection rates in the adult ITU. The audit started with root cause analysis using the fishbone quality tool. FOCUS-PDCA quality tool was used to design the framework. We introduced a change in the staff uniform laundry and organized a campaign to improve hand hygiene compliance using a multimodality approach. Moreover, we conducted training on aseptic techniques in ventilation, urinary catheter, and central lines insertion. Finally, we changed the ventilator filter to a higher quality brand which meets the standard specifications. Infection rates were monitored before and after the proposed changes. RESULTS There was a marked reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia; however, it did not reach the benchmark rates. Catheter line-associated bloodstream infection declined from above to below the benchmark. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates were below the benchmark; however, they showed a noticeable reduction. Hand hygiene adherence showed an improvement from 80% to 84%. However, this was below the predetermined target level of 90%. CONCLUSIONS In-hospital laundry of staff uniforms is safer to control nosocomial infections. A multimodal approach is necessary to improve hand hygiene adherence and adoption of aseptic techniques. Quality improvement is a continuous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Omar
- Upper GI Surgery, Bariatric Unit, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland, UK E-mail: .,Sunderland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland E-mail:
| | - Mohamed Shirazy
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust (UHMBT), UK E-mail: .,Barrow-in-Furness, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland E-mail:
| | - Mayar Omar
- Head of Healthcare Quality and Medical Procurement, General Authority of Health Insurance, Alexandria, Egypt E-mail: .,Head of Healthcare Quality and Medical Procurement , General Authority of Health Insurance, Alexandria, Egypt E-mail:
| | - Anis Chaari
- Head of ITU Department, Consultant Intensivist, King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain E-mail: .,Bahrain E-mail: .,Head of ITU Department - Consultant Intensivist, King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain
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Breidablik HJ, Johannesen L, Kleiven OT, Lysebo DE, Skare Å, Andersen JR. Can adenosine triphosphate be a proxy measure in evaluation of hand disinfection effect? J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:S0195-6701(20)30228-0. [PMID: 32380030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contaminated hands may contribute to the transmission of pathogens. In the prevention of healthcare-associated infections the effect of disinfection methods should ideally be possible to measure in a simple way. Microbial cultivation is the reference standard, but it is a rather complicated and time-consuming procedure, and the use of swabs for measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has become a much-used proxy measurement (bioluminescence). We evaluated the effect of three hand-disinfection methods on eradication of Escherichia coli from artificially contaminated hands, using cultivation and ATP measurements in parallel. ATP measurement was found to be an unsuitable method as this reflects the total amount of cellular material left on the hands, not only the viable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Johannesen
- Thelma Indoor Air & Working Environment AS, Microbiology Department, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O T Kleiven
- Faculty of Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Førde, Norway
| | - D E Lysebo
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Å Skare
- Førde Hospital Trust, Department for Infection Control, Førde, Norway
| | - J R Andersen
- Faculty of Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Førde, Norway
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Martos-Cabrera MB, Mota-Romero E, Martos-García R, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Suleiman-Martos N, Albendín-García L, Cañadas-De la Fuente GA. Hand Hygiene Teaching Strategies among Nursing Staff: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173039. [PMID: 31443355 PMCID: PMC6747325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patient safety is a priority of any healthcare system, and one of the most effective measures is hand hygiene. For this, it is important that health staff have correct adherence and perform the technique properly. Otherwise, the incidence of nosocomial infections can increase, with consequent complications. The aim here was to analyze hand hygiene training and the effectiveness of different methods and educational strategies among nurses and whether they maintained correct adherence over time. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the sources CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Dialnet, Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), ProQuest (Proquest Health and Medical Complete), Medline, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and Scopus. The search equation with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors was “Nurs* AND (handwashing OR hand hygiene) AND clinical trial”. The review was performed following the recommendations of the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: n = 17 clinical trials were included, with a total of 5747 nurses and nursing students. Strategies such as reminder sounds, practical simulations, videos, and audiovisual media improved handwashing compliance. Adherence overtime increased by up to 60%. The greatest effectiveness was related to the use of povidone–iodine, which reduced colony formation compared Hand hygiene teaching strategies among nursing staff: a systematic review to soap. Conclusions: The strategies that go beyond teaching techniques such as lectures may be more effective at increasing hand hygiene compliance. Combined approaches to learning/instruction improve user satisfaction by enabling self-management, flexibility, and repetition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raúl Martos-García
- Andalusian Health Service, Avenida del Sur N. 11, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Red Cross School of Nursing, University of Sevilla, Avenida la Cruz Roja N. 1, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Urquiza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración N. 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Nora Suleiman-Martos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Calle Cortadura Del Valle S.N., 51001 Ceuta, Spain.
| | - Luis Albendín-García
- Andalusian Health Service, Avenida del Sur N. 11, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración N. 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zeng L, Chen C, Mo D, Yuan S. Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among hospitalised patients in a tertiary general hospital in China and their attitudes: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027736. [PMID: 31189679 PMCID: PMC6575675 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to gain a better understanding of patients' practice of hand hygiene (HH) and their knowledge and attitudes. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. SETTING A 3500-bed university-affiliated medical hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS Inpatients and their family members or caregivers. METHODS An anonymous, self-reported questionnaire were used to collect data. RESULTS A total of 376 questionnaires were issued, and 310 respondents completed it. Of the 310 respondents, 47.4% had received HH education, and 13.5% had a completing understanding of HH. A majority of patients believed that handwashing was important for disease recovery, and that it could prevent infection development. A total of 62.3% of patients washed their hands <5 times a day and 49.0% spent <1 min every time. With regards to the seven steps of handwashing, 96.45% of the respondents adhered to the first step (washing the palms), but only 20.6% adhered to the fifth step (thumbs) and 17.7% to the sixth step (fingertips). Most respondents washed their hands only when visibly dirty. Few patients washed their hands before drinking fluids, and before and after interacting with visitors. HH compliance was lower among intensive care unit patients than medical patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study demonstrated that patients had a positive attitude towards HH. However, their levels of knowledge and practice were unsatisfactory. A systematical education about patientHH is needed in future to correct this knowledge and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaohong Liu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Mo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sue Yuan
- Infectious Diseases Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cabrera MA, Marshall CN, Sadler KA, Murea M. Vascular access: HD patients' perceived knowledge and practices. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2018; 49:31-36. [PMID: 30376472 DOI: 10.1097/01.numa.0000547260.22709.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Cabrera
- Mark A. Cabrera is a nephrologist at Kaiser Permanente Northwest Health Care in Portland, Ore. In Winston-Salem, N.C., Christopher Neil Marshall is a nephrologist at Nephrology Associates, PLLC, Kimberly A. Sadler is a charge RN on the renal unit at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, and Mariana Murea is an associate professor of internal medicine and nephrology in the Department of Internal Medicine at Wake Forest University
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Patient Involvement in Healthcare-Associated Infection Research: A Lexical Review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:710-717. [PMID: 29606155 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThis review examines patient involvement in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) research. Healthcare-associated infections represent an intractable issue with considerable implications for patients and staff. Participatory methodologies that involve patients in healthcare research are associated with myriad benefits.DESIGNLexical review.METHODSPubMed was searched to identify all publications on patient involvement in HAI research since 2000; publications were also identified from the cited references. A lexical analysis was conducted of the methods sections of 148 publications.RESULTSThe findings reveal that HAI research that actively involves patients and members of the public is limited.CONCLUSIONSPatient involvement is largely limited to recruitment to HAI studies rather than extended to patient involvement in research design, implementation, analysis, and/or dissemination. As such, there is considerable opportunity to further this important research area via alternative methodologies that award primacy to patient expertise and agency.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:710-717.
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