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Zuo W, Sun Y, Liu R, Du L, Yang N, Sun W, Wang P, Tang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Meng M, Lei R, Yan X, Peng H, Chang Q, Pan H, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhang S. Management guideline for the off-label use of medicine in China (2021). Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1253-1268. [PMID: 36047057 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Off-label drug use embodies a thorough clinical diagnosis and evaluation of treatment needs and should not be confused with unreasonable drug use, but it also faces potential risks with drug safety and legal issues. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We first established a guideline working group. Following the guideline development process recommended by the World Health Organization Handbook and the Chinese Medical Association, the key questions were determined through literature searches of PubMed, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) and other databases. Both the evidence and the clinicians' diagnosis and treatment workload were considered to formulate the initial recommendations. Finally, two rounds of Delphi surveys and one expert seminar were organized to determine the final recommendations of this guideline. Meanwhile, we graded the recommendations based on the body of evidence. RESULTS We determined nine questions and proposed a total of 23 recommendations regarding the definition of off-label use of drugs, applicable circumstances, classification of evidence, informed consent, legal basis, adverse drug reaction monitoring and evaluation, management procedure, responsibilities and obligations of different stakeholders, medical insurance reimbursement, and the national approval system. CONCLUSIONS This guideline standardized clinical off-label drug use and provided suggestions and references for the management of off-label drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China.,These authors are the first authors and contributed equally
| | - Yajia Sun
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,These authors are the first authors and contributed equally
| | - Rongji Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China.,These authors are the first authors and contributed equally
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaowan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yunlan Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Min Meng
- Department of Chevidence Lab Child & Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China.,Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruobing Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China.,Chevidence Lab Child & Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xuelian Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Medical Administration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Medical Administration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Medical Administration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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Asfour L, Yiu ZZN, Warren RB. How is safety of dermatology drugs assessed: trials, registries, and spontaneous reporting. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:449-457. [PMID: 32228187 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1746267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Skin conditions are common and highly varied in their etiology; therefore, a diverse array of therapeutics are utilized. Drug safety studies in dermatology can be challenging as there are over 3000 diagnoses to consider. As a result, dermatologists rely on data from multiple sources including clinical trials and real-world evidence.Areas covered: In this review, we cover the main sources of safety data available, their strengths and weaknesses and how dermatologists should utilize such data. We use real-world examples of the different types of adverse events reported and how they are best captured by either randomized controlled trials or post-marketing pharmacovigilance methods. With multiple new therapies in dermatology, such as dupilumab for atopic dermatitis and janus-kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata the specialty is awash with evolving high-level evidence for their use. It is important to understand the optimal way to assess safety from trials but also appreciate the need for ongoing capture of safety data in clinical practice.Expert opinion: In dermatology, there is a plethora of conditions to treat and clinical trials, post-marketing surveillance, such as drug registries and spontaneous reporting, all enable dermatologists to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the safety profiles of drugs being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Asfour
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Zenas Z N Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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6
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David-Barrett E, Yakis-Douglas B, Moss-Cowan A, Nguyen Y. A Bitter Pill? Institutional Corruption and the Challenge of Antibribery Compliance in the Pharmaceutical Sector. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1056492617696885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate why top-down directives aimed at eradicating corruption are ineffective at altering on-the-ground practices for organizations that have adopted industry-wide “gold standards” to prevent bribery and corruption. Using interview and focus group data collected from leading multinational pharmaceutical firms, we unearth antecedents contributing to organizations’ systemic failure to embed their anticorruption policies in business practice. We identify two tensions that contribute to this disconnect: a culture clash between global and local norms, especially in emerging markets and a similar disconnect between the compliance and commercial functions. To overcome these tensions, we suggest that organizations are likely to find it easier to implement a no gifts policy if they cease to rely on local agents embedded in local norms and that there needs to be strong evidence of board-level commitment to antibribery programs, innovative ways of incentivizing compliant behavior, and a fundamental rethinking of organizations’ business model and remuneration practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yen Nguyen
- Global Commercial Strategy Organization, NJ, USA
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8
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Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ. Use of Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56:1048-57. [PMID: 26953213 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications are widely used in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. While nonpharmacological interventions should be the first-line treatment for behavioral symptoms of dementia, these are often unfeasible and/or ineffective. Conventional and atypical antipsychotic agents appear to have modest to moderate clinical efficacy in the treatment of these symptoms, though it is unclear which individual agents are most effective. No conclusive evidence exists that any available alternative medications are safer and more effective than antipsychotics. A number of studies have shown an increased risk of mortality associated with antipsychotics in patients with behavioral symptoms of dementia, though the observed risk increase may be partially confounded by illness severity and/or preexisting health determinants. The mechanisms of increased mortality risk are not fully established, but are likely to involve cardiovascular events. It is probable, though not certain, that conventional antipsychotics are associated with a greater number of poor outcomes than atypical antipsychotics. In certain patients with refractory behavioral symptoms, antipsychotics are a viable treatment option. Key considerations for antipsychotic prescribing for this population are published in regulatory guidelines, and include minimization of dosage and duration of treatment, continuous reevaluation of symptoms, and involvement of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Karl Greenblatt
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Greenblatt
- Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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French DD, Margo CE, Campbell RR. Enhancing postmarketing surveillance: continuing challenges. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:615-7. [PMID: 25869078 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D French
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Curtis E Margo
- Department of Ophthalmology Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert R Campbell
- VA Center of Innovation on Disability Rehabilitation Research (CINDRR), VISN-8 Patient Safety Center of Inquiry, Tampa, FL, USA.,Nova Southeastern College of Law, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Rodwin MA. Introduction: Institutional corruption and the pharmaceutical policy. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2013; 41:544-552. [PMID: 24088143 DOI: 10.1111/jlme.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Today, the goals of pharmaceutical policy and medical practice are often undermined due to institutional corruption - that is, widespread or systemic practices, usually legal, that undermine an institution's objectives or integrity. In this symposium, 16 articles investigate the corruption of pharmaceutical policy, each taking a different look at the sources of corruption, how it occurs, and what is corrupted. We will see that the pharmaceutical industry's own purposes are often undermined. Furthermore, pharmaceutical industry funding of election campaigns and lobbying skews the legislative process that sets pharmaceutical policy. Moreover, certain practices have corrupted medical research, the production of medical knowledge, the practice of medicine, drug safety, the Food and Drug Administration's oversight of the pharmaceutical market, and the trustworthiness of patient advocacy organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Rodwin
- Professor at Suffolk University Law School and a Lab Fellow at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University
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16
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Light DW, Lexchin J, Darrow JJ. Institutional corruption of pharmaceuticals and the myth of safe and effective drugs. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2013; 41:590-600. [PMID: 24088149 DOI: 10.1111/jlme.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 35 years, patients have suffered from a largely hidden epidemic of side effects from drugs that usually have few offsetting benefits. The pharmaceutical industry has corrupted the practice of medicine through its influence over what drugs are developed, how they are tested, and how medical knowledge is created. Since 1906, heavy commercial influence has compromised congressional legislation to protect the public from unsafe drugs. The authorization of user fees in 1992 has turned drug companies into the FDA's prime clients, deepening the regulatory and cultural capture of the agency. Industry has demanded shorter average review times and, with less time to thoroughly review evidence, increased hospitalizations and deaths have resulted. Meeting the needs of the drug companies has taken priority over meeting the needs of patients. Unless this corruption of regulatory intent is reversed, the situation will continue to deteriorate. We offer practical suggestions including: separating the funding of clinical trials from their conduct, analysis, and publication; independent FDA leadership; full public funding for all FDA activities; measures to discourage R&D on drugs with few, if any, new clinical benefits; and the creation of a National Drug Safety Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Light
- Fellow for 2012-2013 at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA. Teaching health policy for 12 years at York University in Toronto, ON. Research fellow at Harvard Medical School and a lecturer on law at Bentley University in Waltham, MA
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