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Hashim O, Toubaté B, Charvet CL, Ahmed AAE, Neveu C, Dimier-Poisson I, Debierre-Grockiego F, Dupuy C. Identification and Spatiotemporal Expression of a Putative New GABA Receptor Subunit in the Human Body Louse Pediculus humanus humanus. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:844. [PMID: 39062625 PMCID: PMC11275251 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human louse (Pediculus humanus) is an obligatory blood feeding ectoparasite with two ecotypes: the human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus), a competent vector of several bacterial pathogens, and the human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis), responsible for pediculosis and affecting millions of people around the globe. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors, members of the cys-loop ligand gated ion channel superfamily, are among the main pharmacological targets for insecticides. In insects, there are four subunits of GABA receptors: resistant-to-dieldrin (RDL), glycin-like receptor of drosophila (GRD), ligand-gated chloride channel homologue3 (LCCH3), and 8916 are well described and form distinct phylogenetic clades revealing orthologous relationships. Our previous studies in the human body louse confirmed that subunits Phh-RDL, Phh-GRD, and Phh-LCCH3 are well clustered in their corresponding clades. In the present work, we cloned and characterized a putative new GABA receptor subunit in the human body louse that we named HoCas, for Homologous to Cys-loop α like subunit. Extending our analysis to arthropods, HoCas was found to be conserved and clustered in a new (fifth) phylogenetic clade. Interestingly, the gene encoding this subunit is ancestral and has been lost in some insect orders. Compared to the other studied GABA receptor subunits, HoCas exhibited a relatively higher expression level in all development stages and in different tissues of human body louse. These findings improved our understanding of the complex nature of GABA receptors in Pediculus humanus and more generally in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hashim
- BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (O.H.); (B.T.); (I.D.-P.); (F.D.-G.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gezira, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan
| | - Berthine Toubaté
- BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (O.H.); (B.T.); (I.D.-P.); (F.D.-G.)
| | - Claude L. Charvet
- MPN, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.L.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Aimun A. E. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Albaha University, Al Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 14415, Sudan
| | - Cédric Neveu
- MPN, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.L.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
- BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (O.H.); (B.T.); (I.D.-P.); (F.D.-G.)
| | | | - Catherine Dupuy
- BioMAP, UMR ISP 1282 INRAe, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (O.H.); (B.T.); (I.D.-P.); (F.D.-G.)
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Jeninga AJ, Wallace Z, Victoria S, Harrahy E, King-Heiden TC. Chronic Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Imidacloprid Impact Survival and Ecologically Relevant Behaviors of Fathead Minnow Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2184-2192. [PMID: 37401861 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IM) has emerged as a contaminant of concern in several areas within the United States due to its frequent detection in aquatic ecosystems and its pseudo-persistence, which pose potential risks to nontarget species. We evaluated the sublethal toxicity of IM to fathead minnow larvae following chronic exposure beginning just after fertilization. Our in silico analysis and in vivo bioassays suggest that IM has a low binding affinity for the vertebrate nicotinate acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), as expected. However, chronic exposure to ≥0.16 µg IM/L reduced survival by 10%, and exposure to ≥18 µg IM/L reduced survival by approximately 20%-40%. Surviving fish exposed to ≥0.16 µg IM/L showed reduced growth, altered embryonic motor activity, and premature hatching. Furthermore, a significant proportion of fish exposed to ≥0.16 µg IM/L were slower to respond to vibrational stimuli and slower to swim away, indicating that chronic exposure to IM has the potential to impair the ability of larvae to escape predation. The adverse health effects we observed indicate that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of IM may elicit sublethal responses that culminate in a significant increase in mortality during early life stages, ultimately translating to reduced recruitment in wild fish populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2184-2192. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya J Jeninga
- Department of Biology, River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zion Wallace
- Department of Biology, River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shayla Victoria
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Elisabeth Harrahy
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tisha C King-Heiden
- Department of Biology, River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
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Acford-Palmer H, Phelan JE, Tadesse FG, Kristan M, Collins E, Spadar A, Walker T, Bousema T, Messenger LA, Clark TG, Campino S. Identification of two insecticide resistance markers in Ethiopian Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes using a multiplex amplicon sequencing assay. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5612. [PMID: 37019918 PMCID: PMC10076309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first detection in 2012 in Djibouti, Anopheles stephensi has invaded and established in the Horn of Africa, and more recently Nigeria. The expansion of this vector poses a significant threat to malaria control and elimination efforts. Integrated vector management is the primary strategy used to interrupt disease transmission; however, growing insecticide resistance is threatening to reverse gains in global malaria control. We present a next-generation amplicon-sequencing approach, for high-throughput monitoring of insecticide resistance genes (ace1, GSTe2, vgsc and rdl), species identification and characterization of genetic diversity (its2 and cox1) in An. stephensi. Ninety-five An. stephensi mosquitoes, collected in Ethiopia, were screened, identifying 104 SNPs, including the knock-down mutation L958F (L1014F in Musca domestica), and for the first time in this vector species, the A296S substitution (A301S in Drosophila melanogaster) in the rdl locus. Two other amino acid substitutions (ace1-N177D, GSTe2-V189L) were also identified but have not been previously implicated in insecticide resistance. Genetic diversity in the mitochondrial cox1 gene revealed shared haplotypes between Ethiopian An. stephensi with samples from Pakistan, Sudan, and Djibouti. Overall, we present a reliable, cost-effective strategy using amplicon-sequencing to monitor known insecticide resistance mutations, with the potential to identify new genetic variants, to assist in the high-throughput surveillance of insecticide resistance in An. stephensi populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Acford-Palmer
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jody E Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fitsum G Tadesse
- Malaria and NTD Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, ALERT Hospital Compound, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mojca Kristan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Collins
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anton Spadar
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas Walker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Pusawang K, Sattabongkot J, Saingamsook J, Zhong D, Yan G, Somboon P, Wongpalee SP, Cui L, Saeung A, Sriwichai P. Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Anopheles and Aedes Mosquitoes in Malaria and Dengue Endemic Areas, Thai-Myanmar Border. INSECTS 2022; 13:1035. [PMID: 36354859 PMCID: PMC9694411 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and spread of insecticide resistance has had a negative effect on the efficacy of insecticide-based tools and is distributed worldwide, including the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). This study aims to determine the insecticide susceptibility of malaria and dengue vectors in malaria and dengue hotspots on the Thai-Myanmar border. Mosquito larvae and pupae were obtained from water sources from December 2019 to April 2020 in Tha Song Yang District, Tak province, western Thailand. WHO bioassay susceptibility tests were conducted with three classes of insecticides to evaluate the knockdown and mortality rates of Anopheles and Aedes aegypti female adults. V1016G and F1534C kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of Ae. aegypti were identified using a multiplex PCR. A total of 5764 female mosquitoes were bioassayed in this study, including Anopheles spp. (92.63%) and F1 Ae. aegypti (7.37%). After 24 h of observation, An. minimus s.l. (n = 3885) and An. maculatus s.l. (n = 1138) in Suan Oi (SO) and Tala Oka (TO) were susceptible to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates (except bendiocarb) with 98-100% mortality (MR). Resistance to bendiocarb was detected with a mortality rate of 88.80%, 88.77%, and 89.92% for An. minimus s.l. (n = 125, 125) and An. maculatus s.l. (n = 66), respectively. The first generation of Ae. aegypti adult females were suspected of resistance to deltamethrin (n = 225, MR = 96.89%) and confirmed resistance to permethrin (n = 200, MR = 20.00%). V1016G and F1534C mutations were detected in three genotypes, heterozygote and homozygote forms. The correlation between the kdr alleles and deltamethrin resistance was significant. In conclusion, bendiocarb resistance was found in primary malaria vectors, An. minimus s.l. and An. maculatus s.l. F1 Ae. aegypti population was pyrethroids-resistant, associated with kdr alleles. Therefore, molecular analysis should be conducted to gain insights into the mechanism of insecticide resistance. Routine malaria vector control programmes, such as fogging implementation in hotspot villages to induce Aedes resistance available in peri-domestic sites, are questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchon Pusawang
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jassada Saingamsook
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Somsakul Pop Wongpalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Liwang Cui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patchara Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Gomard Y, Alout H, Lebon C, Latreille A, Benlali A, Mavingui P, Tortosa P, Atyame C. Fitness costs associated with a GABA receptor mutation conferring dieldrin resistance in Aedes albopictus. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:273-280. [PMID: 36220919 PMCID: PMC9614001 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of insecticide resistance genes in mosquito populations is pivotal for a sustainable use of insecticides. Dieldrin resistance in Aedes albopictus is conferred by the alanine to serine substitution (A302S or RdlR allele) in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor encoded by the Rdl gene. On Reunion Island, dieldrin resistance was initially reported in natural Ae. albopictus populations sampled in 2008 despite the ban of dieldrin since 1994. To monitor insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus on the island and to identify its drivers, we measured (i) the frequency of resistance alleles in 19 distinct natural populations collected between 2016 and 2017, (ii) fitness costs associated with dieldrin resistance in laboratory-controlled experiments, and (iii) the resistance conferred by RdlR to fipronil, an insecticide widely used on the island and reported to cross-react with RdlR. The results show a persistence of RdlR in Ae. albopictus natural populations at low frequencies. Among the measured life history traits, mortality in pre-imaginal stages, adults' survival as well as the proportion of egg-laying females were significantly affected in resistant mosquitoes. Finally, bioassays revealed resistance of RdlR mosquitoes to fipronil, suggesting that the use of fipronil in natura could select for the RdlR allele. This study shows that dieldrin resistance is persistent in natural mosquito populations likely as a result of combined effects between fitness costs associated with RdlR and selection exerted by cross-reacting environmental insecticides such as fipronil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gomard
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France.
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT (Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical), F-97410, Saint-Pierre, île de La Réunion, France.
| | - Haoues Alout
- INRAE, UMR 117 ASTRE, INRAE-CIRAD, F-34598, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Lebon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Anne Latreille
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Aude Benlali
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
| | - Célestine Atyame
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, île de La Réunion, France
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6
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Hierlmeier VR, Gurten S, Freier KP, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals in insects: Current state of research and where to from here? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153830. [PMID: 35181364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing decline in the biomass, abundance, and species number of insects is an established fact. Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals (PBTs) - persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and, in the case of our study, mercury (Hg) - play an important role, but their effect on insect populations is insufficiently investigated. Here, the current state of research on PBTs related to insects is examined with a systematic literature study using Web of Science™. We investigate time trends of research intensity compared with other organisms, insect orders and chemicals analyzed, chemicals' effects on insects, and geographical aspects. We show that research intensity increased in the early 1990s, but studies on PBTs in insects are still underrepresented compared with other organisms. The taxonomic focus lies strongly on dipterans. The predominance of studies on DDT suggests its relevance in the context of disease-vector management. Phenotypic and acute effects on insects were more often investigated than genotypic and chronic effects. Laboratory-bred insects and wild-bred insects were examined equally often, pollutant exposure and analysis were conducted predominantly in the laboratory. Mostly habitats with a medium or high human impact were studied, and natural and near-natural habitats are understudied. The sources of the substances are often unknown. Most studies were carried out in economically rich continents, including North America, Europe, and Australia. The numbers of publications dealing with Asia, South America, and Africa are comparatively low, although the control of vector-borne diseases with POPs is still intensively practiced there. We identify gaps in the research - among others, refined analytical methods for biomarkers and for the examination of chronic effects, combinations of field and laboratory experiments to analyze the same problem, and a global approach for the monitoring of PBTs will be needed for accelerating the dearly needed progress in the research of PBTs in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika R Hierlmeier
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Bavarian Environment Agency, Department Gsteigstraße 43, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Gurten
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Korbinian P Freier
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Department Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Straße 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | | | - Florian M Steiner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Bertaud A, Cens T, Mary R, Rousset M, Arel E, Thibaud JB, Vignes M, Ménard C, Dutertre S, Collet C, Charnet P. Xenopus Oocytes: A Tool to Decipher Molecular Specificity of Insecticides towards Mammalian and Insect GABA—A Receptors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050440. [PMID: 35629767 PMCID: PMC9146934 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of insect GABA receptors (GABAr) available for expression studies has been recently increased by the cloning of the Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) RDL subunits. This large number of cloned RDL subunits from pest and beneficial insects opens the door to parallel pharmacological studies on the sensitivity of these different insect GABAr to various agonists or antagonists. The resulting analysis of the molecular basis of the species-specific GABAr responses to insecticides is necessary not only to depict and understand species toxicity, but also to help at the early identification of unacceptable toxicity of insecticides toward beneficial insects such as Apis mellifera (honeybees). Using heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and two-electrode voltage-clamp recording to assess the properties of the GABAr, we performed a comparative analysis of the pharmacological sensitivity of RDL subunits from A. pisum, A. mellifera and Varroa destructor GABAr to three pesticides (fipronil, picrotoxin and dieldrin). These data were compared to similar characterizations performed on two Homo sapiens GABA-A receptors (α2β2γ2 and α2β2γ2). Our results underline a global conservation of the pharmacological profiles of these receptors, with some interesting species specificities, nonetheless, and suggest that this approach can be useful for the early identification of poorly specific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bertaud
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Thierry Cens
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Rosanna Mary
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Elodie Arel
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Michel Vignes
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudine Ménard
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sébastien Dutertre
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Claude Collet
- INRAE, UR 406, Abeilles et Environnement, Domaine St. Paul, Site Agroparc, 84140 Avignon, France;
| | - Pierre Charnet
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.B.); (T.C.); (R.M.); (M.R.); (E.A.); (J.-B.T.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Shlash SA, Alzubaidi ZF, Saleh HA. Cytokine production in Ancylostoma duodenale infection. J Med Life 2022; 15:479-482. [PMID: 35646178 PMCID: PMC9126450 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine response to Ancylostoma duodenale (A. duodenale) infection was measured after starting treatments with piperazine. This study aims to determine the impact of cytokine production after infection with A. duodenale before and after treatment with piperazine. Blood and stool samples of 50 patients with A. duodenale infection and 28 healthy individuals (control) were collected. In this study, IFNγ, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-13 in serum (using ELISA-based methods) were measured. Stool samples were examined using the Kato-Katz technique to detect A. duodenale parasites. Blood and stool samples were analyzed 14 days after starting piperazine treatment for A. duodenale infection. The medium concentration of IFNγ, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-13 in the serum samples with A. duodenale infection is higher than that of the control group. IFNγ, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in the infected individuals (10.5±7.4 pg/ml, 14.6±5.1 pg/ml, 8.5±3.2 pg/ml and 13.6±7.5 pg/ml respectively) than the control group (4.7±2.4 pg/ml, 7.8±4.06 pg/ml, 6.3±3.4 pg/ml and 3.5±2.7 pg/ml respectively). Also, piperazine treatment can significantly reduce cytokines levels (IFN-γ: P=0.043, IL-5: P=0.02, and IL-12, p=0.001). This study shows that piperazine treatment can reduce cytokines profiles in patients with A. duodenale infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zubaida Falih Alzubaidi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Zubaida Falih Alzubaidi, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail:
| | - Huda Ali Saleh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
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9
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Plant-Based Bioinsecticides for Mosquito Control: Impact on Insecticide Resistance and Disease Transmission. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020162. [PMID: 35206735 PMCID: PMC8878986 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths each year. There has been an increase in the use of insecticides to combat disease transmission caused by mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides have been effectively used to protect humans from mosquito bites through insecticide-treated mosquito nets, fabrics, and indoor sprays. Despite the considerable progress made in reducing mosquito borne diseases, extensive usage of insecticides has caused serious health problems to humans and animals, insecticide resistance or insensitivity in mosquitoes, and environmental damage. A success in the fight with mosquito disease transmission can only be accomplished by adequate and effective implementation of insecticide resistance monitoring and management programs globally. For this purpose, extensive research focuses on exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes and how they get resistant to chemical applications over time. The search also focuses on novel compounds that are more effective, safer, and eco-friendly for improved management of mosquito vectors. In this review, we provide the current literature on the synthetic insecticides and how mosquitoes develop resistance to them, with further emphasis on bioinsecticides that could replace conventional synthetic insecticides. In this context, plant-based compounds are explained in detail with their potential applications to control mosquitoes. Abstract The use of synthetic insecticides has been a solution to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission for decades. Currently, no single intervention is sufficient to reduce the global disease burden caused by mosquitoes. Problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have increased substantially which makes mosquito-borne disease elimination and prevention more difficult over the years. Thus, it is crucial that much safer and effective mosquito control strategies are developed. Natural compounds from plants have been efficiently used to fight insect pests for a long time. Plant-based bioinsecticides are now considered a much safer and less toxic alternative to synthetic compounds. Here, we discuss candidate plant-based compounds that show larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. Our discussion also includes their mode of action and potential impact in mosquito disease transmission and circumvention of resistance. This review improves our knowledge on plant-based bioinsecticides and the potential for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
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10
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Pfaff J, Reinwald H, Ayobahan SU, Alvincz J, Göckener B, Shomroni O, Salinas G, Düring RA, Schäfers C, Eilebrecht S. Toxicogenomic differentiation of functional responses to fipronil and imidacloprid in Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105927. [PMID: 34340001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Active substances of pesticides, biocides or pharmaceuticals can induce adverse side effects in the aquatic ecosystem, necessitating environmental hazard and risk assessment prior to substance registration. The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna is a model organism for acute and chronic toxicity assessment representing aquatic invertebrates. However, standardized tests involving daphnia are restricted to the endpoints immobility and reproduction and thus provide only limited insights into the underlying modes-of-action. Here, we applied transcriptome profiling to a modified D. magna Acute Immobilization test to analyze and compare gene expression profiles induced by the GABA-gated chloride channel blocker fipronil and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist imidacloprid. Daphnids were expose to two low effect concentrations of each substance followed by RNA sequencing and functional classification of affected gene ontologies and pathways. For both insecticides, we observed a concentration-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed genes, whose expression changes were highly significantly positively correlated when comparing both test concentrations. These gene expression fingerprints showed virtually no overlap between the test substances and they related well to previous data of diazepam and carbaryl, two substances targeting similar molecular key events. While, based on our results, fipronil predominantly interfered with molecular functions involved in ATPase-coupled transmembrane transport and transcription regulation, imidacloprid primarily affected oxidase and oxidoreductase activity. These findings provide evidence that systems biology approaches can be utilized to identify and differentiate modes-of-action of chemical stressors in D. magna as an invertebrate aquatic non-target organism. The mechanistic knowledge extracted from such data will in future contribute to the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for read-across and prediction of population effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pfaff
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Steve U Ayobahan
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Göckener
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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11
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Orondo PW, Nyanjom SG, Atieli H, Githure J, Ondeto BM, Ochwedo KO, Omondi CJ, Kazura JW, Lee MC, Zhou G, Zhong D, Githeko AK, Yan G. Insecticide resistance status of Anopheles arabiensis in irrigated and non-irrigated areas in western Kenya. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:335. [PMID: 34174946 PMCID: PMC8235622 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria control in Kenya is based on case management and vector control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, the development of insecticide resistance compromises the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control programs. The use of pesticides for agricultural purposes has been implicated as one of the sources driving the selection of resistance. The current study was undertaken to assess the status and mechanism of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in irrigated and non-irrigated areas with varying agrochemical use in western Kenya. METHODS The study was carried out in 2018-2019 in Homa Bay County, western Kenya. The bioassay was performed on adults reared from larvae collected from irrigated and non-irrigated fields in order to assess the susceptibility of malaria vectors to different classes of insecticides following the standard WHO guidelines. Characterization of knockdown resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting enzyme/angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace-1) mutations within Anopheles gambiae s.l. species was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. To determine the agricultural and public health insecticide usage pattern, a questionnaire was administered to farmers, households, and veterinary officers in the study area. RESULTS Anopheles arabiensis was the predominant species in the irrigated (100%, n = 154) area and the dominant species in the non-irrigated areas (97.5%, n = 162), the rest being An. gambiae sensu stricto. In 2018, Anopheles arabiensis in the irrigated region were susceptible to all insecticides tested, while in the non-irrigated region reduced mortality was observed (84%) against deltamethrin. In 2019, phenotypic mortality was decreased (97.8-84% to 83.3-78.2%). In contrast, high mortality from malathion (100%), DDT (98.98%), and piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-deltamethrin (100%) was observed. Molecular analysis of the vectors from the irrigated and non-irrigated areas revealed low levels of leucine-serine/phenylalanine substitution at position 1014 (L1014S/L1014F), with mutation frequencies of 1-16%, and low-frequency mutation in the Ace-1R gene (0.7%). In addition to very high coverage of LLINs impregnated with pyrethroids and IRS with organophosphate insecticides, pyrethroids were the predominant chemical class of pesticides used for crop and animal protection. CONCLUSION Anopheles arabiensis from irrigated areas showed increased phenotypic resistance, and the intensive use of pesticides for crop protection in this region may have contributed to the selection of resistance genes observed. The susceptibility of these malaria vectors to organophosphates and PBO synergists in pyrethroids offers a promising future for IRS and insecticide-treated net-based vector control interventions. These findings emphasize the need for integrated vector control strategies, with particular attention to agricultural practices to mitigate mosquito resistance to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Winnie Orondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya. .,International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya.
| | - Steven G Nyanjom
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harrysone Atieli
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya.,School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - John Githure
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Benyl M Ondeto
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Kevin O Ochwedo
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Collince J Omondi
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - James W Kazura
- Center for Global Health & Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew K Githeko
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya. .,Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Gan SJ, Leong YQ, Bin Barhanuddin MFH, Wong ST, Wong SF, Mak JW, Ahmad RB. Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:315. [PMID: 34112220 PMCID: PMC8194039 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely used for mosquito control: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. Here, we review the distribution of dengue fever from 2000 to 2020 and its associated mortality in Southeast Asian countries, and we gather evidence on the trend of insecticide resistance and its distribution in these countries since 2000, summarising the mechanisms involved. The prevalence of resistance to these insecticides is increasing in Southeast Asia, and the mechanisms of resistance are reported to be associated with target site mutations, metabolic detoxification, reduced penetration of insecticides via the mosquito cuticle and behavioural changes of mosquitoes. Continuous monitoring of the status of resistance and searching for alternative control measures will be critical for minimising any unpredicted outbreaks and improving public health. This review also provides improved insights into the specific use of insecticides for effective control of mosquitoes in these dengue endemic countries. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Jian Gan
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Qi Leong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siew Tung Wong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shew Fung Wong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Binti Ahmad
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Abstract
Human and animal welfare primarily depends on the availability of food and surrounding environment. Over a century and half, the quest to identify agents that can enhance food production and protection from vector borne diseases resulted in the identification and use of a variety of pesticides, of which the pyrethroid based ones emerged as the best choice. Pesticides while improved the quality of life, on the other hand caused enormous health risks. Because of their percolation into drinking water and food chain and usage in domestic settings, humans unintentionally get exposed to the pesticides on a daily basis. The health hazards of almost all known pesticides at a variety of doses and exposure times are reported. This review provides a comprehensive summation on the historical, epidemiological, chemical and biological (physiological, biochemical and molecular) aspects of pyrethroid based insecticides. An overview of the available knowledge suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids vary in their chemical and toxic nature and pose health hazards that range from simple nausea to cancers. Despite large number of reports, studies that focused on identifying the health hazards using doses that are equivalent or relevant to human exposure are lacking. It is high time such studies are conducted to provide concrete evidence on the hazards of consuming pesticide contaminated food. Policy decisions to decrease the residual levels of pesticides in agricultural products and also to encourage organic farming is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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14
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A survey of insecticide resistance-conferring mutations in multiple targets in Anopheles sinensis populations across Sichuan, China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:169. [PMID: 33743789 PMCID: PMC7981990 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sichuan province is located in the southwest of China, and was previously a malaria-endemic region. Although no indigenous malaria case has been reported since 2011, the number of imported cases is on the rise. Insecticide-based vector control has played a central role in the prevention of malaria epidemics. However, the efficacy of this strategy is gravely challenged by the development of insecticide resistance. Regular monitoring of insecticide resistance is essential to inform evidence-based vector control. Unfortunately, almost no information is currently available on the status of insecticide resistance and associated mechanisms in Anopheles sinensis, the dominant malaria vector in Sichuan. In this study, efforts were invested in detecting the presence and frequency of insecticide resistance-associated mutations in three genes that encode target proteins of several classes of commonly used insecticides. Methods A total of 446 adults of An. sinensis, collected from 12 locations across Sichuan province of China, were inspected for resistance-conferring mutations in three genes that respectively encode acetylcholinesterase (AChE), voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), and GABA receptor (RDL) by DNA Sanger sequencing. Results The G119S mutation in AChE was detected at high frequencies (0.40–0.73). The predominant ace-1 genotype was GGC/AGC (119GS) heterozygotes. Diverse variations at codon 1014 were found in VGSC, leading to three different amino acid substitutions (L1014F/C/S). The 1014F was the predominant resistance allele and was distributed in all 12 populations at varying frequencies from 0.03 to 0.86. The A296S mutation in RDL was frequently present in Sichuan, with 296SS accounting for more than 80% of individuals in six of the 12 populations. Notably, in samples collected from Chengdu (DJY) and Deyang (DYMZ), almost 30% of individuals were found to be resistant homozygotes for all three targets. Conclusions Resistance-related mutations in three target proteins of the four main classes of insecticides were prevalent in most populations. This survey reveals a worrisome situation of multiple resistance genotypes in Sichuan malaria vector. The data strengthen the need for regular monitoring of insecticide resistance and establishing a region-customized vector intervention strategy.
Graphical abstract ![]()
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15
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Giorio C, Safer A, Sánchez-Bayo F, Tapparo A, Lentola A, Girolami V, van Lexmond MB, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11716-11748. [PMID: 29105037 PMCID: PMC7920890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Laboratoire Chimie de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anton Safer
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Lentola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Girolami
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
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16
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Ingham VA, Elg S, Nagi SC, Dondelinger F. Capturing the transcription factor interactome in response to sub-lethal insecticide exposure. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34977825 PMCID: PMC8702396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The increasing levels of pesticide resistance in agricultural pests and disease vectors represents a threat to both food security and global health. As insecticide resistance intensity strengthens and spreads, the likelihood of a pest encountering a sub-lethal dose of pesticide dramatically increases. Here, we apply dynamic Bayesian networks to a transcriptome time-course generated using sub-lethal pyrethroid exposure on a highly resistant Anopheles coluzzii population. The model accounts for circadian rhythm and ageing effects allowing high confidence identification of transcription factors with key roles in pesticide response. The associations generated by this model show high concordance with lab-based validation and identifies 44 transcription factors putatively regulating insecticide-responsive transcripts. We identify six key regulators, with each displaying differing enrichment terms, demonstrating the complexity of pesticide response. The considerable overlap of resistance mechanisms in agricultural pests and disease vectors strongly suggests that these findings are relevant in a wide variety of pest species.
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17
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Grau-Bové X, Tomlinson S, O’Reilly AO, Harding NJ, Miles A, Kwiatkowski D, Donnelly MJ, Weetman D. Evolution of the Insecticide Target Rdl in African Anopheles Is Driven by Interspecific and Interkaryotypic Introgression. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:2900-2917. [PMID: 32449755 PMCID: PMC7530614 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of insecticide resistance mechanisms in natural populations of Anopheles malaria vectors is a major public health concern across Africa. Using genome sequence data, we study the evolution of resistance mutations in the resistance to dieldrin locus (Rdl), a GABA receptor targeted by several insecticides, but most notably by the long-discontinued cyclodiene, dieldrin. The two Rdl resistance mutations (296G and 296S) spread across West and Central African Anopheles via two independent hard selective sweeps that included likely compensatory nearby mutations, and were followed by a rare combination of introgression across species (from A. gambiae and A. arabiensis to A. coluzzii) and across nonconcordant karyotypes of the 2La chromosomal inversion. Rdl resistance evolved in the 1950s as the first known adaptation to a large-scale insecticide-based intervention, but the evolutionary lessons from this system highlight contemporary and future dangers for management strategies designed to combat development of resistance in malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Grau-Bové
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Andrias O O’Reilly
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Harding
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Miles
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kwiatkowski
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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18
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Marcombe S, Thammavong P, Luangamath P, Chonephetsarath S, Phommavanh N, Lakeomany K, Nilaxay S, Rahmani Z, Saverton PJ, Abdullateef OH, Forward J, Jacob AE, Khadam S, Ali W, Boer C, Kakinuma H, Hawkins J, Longstreeth R, Portwood NM, Smee M, Brown N, Kuyucu NC, Lechmere S, Stieger G, Maithaviphet S, Nambanya S, Brey PT, Jones AK. Malaria and Dengue Mosquito Vectors from Lao PDR Show a Lack of the rdl Mutant Allele Responsible for Cyclodiene Insecticide Resistance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:815-823. [PMID: 31807752 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, RDL, plays important roles in neuronal signaling and is the target of highly effective insecticides. A mutation in RDL, commonly A296S, underlies resistance to several insecticides such as cyclodienes. Even though the use of cyclodienes has been banned, the occurrence of mutations substituting A296 is notably high in mosquitoes from several countries. Here, we report a survey investigating the prevalence of the Rdl mutant allele in mosquitoes from Laos, a country where mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are health concerns. Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes were collected from 12 provinces in Laos. Adult bioassays on Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) showed that all the populations tested were susceptible to dieldrin (4%) following WHO protocols. Exon 7 from a total of 791 mosquitoes was sequenced to identify the amino acid encoded for at 296 of RDL. Only one of these mosquitoes, Anopheles maculatus rampae Harbach and Somboon (Diptera: Culicidae) from Attapeu, carried the mutant allele being heterozygous for A296S. We therefore found a general lack of the Rdl mutant allele indicating that mosquitoes from Laos are not exposed to insecticides that act on the GABA receptor compared to mosquitoes in several other countries. Identifying the prevalence of the Rdl mutation may help inform the potential use of alternative insecticides that act on the GABA receptor should there be a need to replace pyrethroids in order to prevent/manage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Marcombe
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Phonesavanh Luangamath
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Nothasin Phommavanh
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Khaitong Lakeomany
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Somphat Nilaxay
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Zuhal Rahmani
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope J Saverton
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Omobolanle H Abdullateef
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan Forward
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna E Jacob
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Safina Khadam
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Wlaa Ali
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Chloé Boer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayato Kakinuma
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Hawkins
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosie Longstreeth
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie M Portwood
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Madeleine Smee
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Natasha Brown
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Nursu C Kuyucu
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Susannah Lechmere
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriela Stieger
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Santi Maithaviphet
- Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Simone Nambanya
- Center for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Paul T Brey
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Department of Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Andrew K Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, UK
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19
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Liu N, Feng X, Qiu X. RDL mutations in Guangxi Anopheles sinensis populations along the China-Vietnam border: distribution frequency and evolutionary origin of A296S resistance allele. Malar J 2020; 19:23. [PMID: 31941504 PMCID: PMC6964057 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is a deadly vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Although indigenous malaria has been eliminated in Guangxi of China, 473 confirmed cases were reported in the Northern region of neighbouring Vietnam in 2014. Considering that frequent population movement occurs across the China–Vietnam border and insecticide resistance is a major obstacle in disease vector control, there is a need to know the genotype and frequency of insecticide resistance alleles in Anopheles sinensis populations along the China–Vietnam border and to take action to prevent the possible migration of insecticide resistance alleles across the border. Methods Two hundred and eight adults of An. sinensis collected from seven locations in Guangxi along the China–Vietnam border were used in the investigation of individual genotypes of the AsRDL gene, which encodes the RDL gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit in An. sinensis. PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis was deployed to genotype codon 345, while direct sequencing of PCR products was conducted to clarify the genotypes for codons 296 and 327 of the AsRDL gene. The genealogical relation of AsRDL haplotypes was analyzed using Network 5.0. Results Three putative insecticide resistance related mutations (A296S, V327I and T345S) were detected in all the seven populations of An. sinensis in Guangxi along the China–Vietnam border. The resistance-conferring A296S mutation was found to be widely distributed and present at notably high frequencies (78.8% to 100%). Relatively lower frequencies of mutations V327I (26.9% to 53.2%) and T345S (0% to 28.8%) were observed. The V327I or T345S always occurred in the presence of A296S. Evolutionary analysis of 21 AsRDL haplotypes indicated multiple origins of the A296S and V327I mutations. Conclusion The resistance A296S allele was present at high frequencies in the An. sinensis populations along the China–Vietnam border, indicating a risk of resistance to insecticides targeting RDL. The double mutations (A296S + V327I) may have evolved from alleles carrying the A296S mutation by scaffolding the additional mutation V327I, and A296S allele may have multiple evolutionary origins. These findings will help inform strategies for vector control and malaria prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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20
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Atif M, Lynch JW, Keramidas A. The effects of insecticides on two splice variants of the glutamate-gated chloride channel receptor of the major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:175-187. [PMID: 31479507 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Between half to 1 million people die annually from malaria. Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are major malaria vectors. Unfortunately, resistance has emerged to the agents currently used to control A. gambiae, creating a demand for novel control measures. The pentameric glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) expressed in the muscle and nerve cells of these organisms are a potentially important biological target for malaria control. The pharmacological properties of Anophiline GluCl receptors are, however, largely unknown. Accordingly, we compared the efficacy of four insecticides (lindane, fipronil, picrotoxin, and ivermectin) on two A. gambiae GluCl receptor splice variants with the aim of providing a molecular basis for designing novel anti-malaria treatments. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The A. gambiae GluCl receptor b1 and c splice variants were expressed homomerically in Xenopus laevis oocytes and studied with electrophysiological techniques, using two-electrode voltage-clamp. KEY RESULTS The b1 and c GluCl receptors were activated with similar potencies by glutamate and ivermectin. Fipronil was more potent than picrotoxin and lindane at inhibiting glutamate- and ivermectin-gated currents. Importantly, b1 GluCl receptors exhibited reduced sensitivity to picrotoxin and lindane. They also recovered from these effects to a greater extent than c GluCl receptors CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The two splice variant subunits exhibited differential sensitivities to multiple, structurally divergent insecticides, without accompanying changes in the sensitivity to the endogenous neurotransmitter, glutamate, implying that drug resistance may be caused by alterations in relative subunit expression levels, without affecting physiological function. Our results strongly suggest that it should be feasible to develop novel subunit-specific pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Atif
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph W Lynch
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angelo Keramidas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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21
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Lucas ER, Rockett KA, Lynd A, Essandoh J, Grisales N, Kemei B, Njoroge H, Hubbart C, Rippon EJ, Morgan J, Van't Hof AE, Ochomo EO, Kwiatkowski DP, Weetman D, Donnelly MJ. A high throughput multi-locus insecticide resistance marker panel for tracking resistance emergence and spread in Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13335. [PMID: 31527637 PMCID: PMC6746726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of resistance to insecticides in disease-carrying mosquitoes poses a threat to the effectiveness of control programmes, which rely largely on insecticide-based interventions. Monitoring mosquito populations is essential, but obtaining phenotypic measurements of resistance is laborious and error-prone. High-throughput genotyping offers the prospect of quick and repeatable estimates of resistance, while also allowing resistance markers to be tracked and studied. To demonstrate the potential of highly-mulitplexed genotypic screening for measuring resistance-association of mutations and tracking their spread, we developed a panel of 28 known or putative resistance markers in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, which we used to screen mosquitoes from a wide swathe of Sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Kenya). We found resistance association in four markers, including a novel mutation in the detoxification gene Gste2 (Gste2-119V). We also identified a duplication in Gste2 combining a resistance-associated mutation with its wild-type counterpart, potentially alleviating the costs of resistance. Finally, we describe the distribution of the multiple origins of kdr resistance, finding unprecedented diversity in the DRC. This panel represents the first step towards a quantitative genotypic model of insecticide resistance that can be used to predict resistance status in An. gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Lucas
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Kirk A Rockett
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Amy Lynd
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - John Essandoh
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Department of Wildlife and Entomology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Nelson Grisales
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Abt Associates, 6130 Executive BLVD, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Brigid Kemei
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Harun Njoroge
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christina Hubbart
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emily J Rippon
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - John Morgan
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Arjen E Van't Hof
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Eric O Ochomo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dominic P Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Weetman
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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22
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Faria M, Bedrossiantz J, Prats E, Rovira Garcia X, Gómez-Canela C, Piña B, Raldúa D. Deciphering the mode of action of pollutants impairing the fish larvae escape response with the vibrational startle response assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:121-128. [PMID: 30954810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The escape response evoked by vibrational stimuli and its habituation, essential behaviors for fish larvae survival, can be altered by neurotoxic environmental pollutants commonly found in our aquatic ecosystems. In this study we have analyzed the suitability of the Vibrational Startle Response Assay (VSRA) to obtain mechanistic information about the mode of action (MoA) of the chemicals impairing the escape response and its habituation. As a proof of concept, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the action of two common neurotoxic pesticides, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) and imidacloprid, over their effects on arousal and habituation of the escape response were studied by using pharmacological antagonists of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, mecamylamine (MCA) and scopolamine, respectively. Furthermore, potential changes in the neurotransmitter profile were analyzed. Results revealed that whereas the effect of CPO on arousal was mainly mediated by the activation of nAChRs, its effect on habituation was mainly mediated by mAChRs. On the other hand, imidacloprid only affected larvae arousal which was found to be mediated by a cholinergic independent mechanism. No association between behavioral effects on arousal or habituation in affected larvae was found with their corresponding neurotransmitter profile. These results confirm the suitability of VSRA to provide mechanistic information about the potential MoA of neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Eva Prats
- CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Pyrethroid exposure and neurotoxicity: a mechanistic approach. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:74-89. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that are used widely in and around households to control the pest. Concerns about exposure to this group of pesticides are now mainly related to their neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease. The main neurotoxic mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal cell loss, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The main neurodegeneration targets are ion channels. However, other receptors, enzymes, and several signalling pathways can also participate in disorders induced by pyrethroids. The aim of this review is to elucidate the main mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity caused by pyrethroids deltamethrin, permethrin, and cypermethrin. We also review common targets and pathways of Parkinson’s disease therapy, including Nrf2, Nurr1, and PPARγ, and how they are affected by exposure to pyrethroids. We conclude with possibilities to be addressed by future research of novel methods of protection against neurological disorders caused by pesticides that may also find their use in the management/treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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24
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Zheng J, Yu Y, Feng W, Li J, Liu J, Zhang C, Dong Y, Pessah IN, Cao Z. Influence of Nanomolar Deltamethrin on the Hallmarks of Primary Cultured Cortical Neuronal Network and the Role of Ryanodine Receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:67003. [PMID: 31166131 PMCID: PMC6792378 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pyrethroid deltamethrin (DM) is broadly used for insect control. Although DM hyperexcites neuronal networks by delaying inactivation of axonal voltage-dependent [Formula: see text] channels, this mechanism is unlikely to mediate neurotoxicity at lower exposure levels during critical perinatal periods in mammals. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify mechanisms by which acute and subchronic DM altered axonal and dendritic growth, patterns of synchronous [Formula: see text] oscillations (SCOs), and electrical spike activity (ESA) functions critical to neuronal network formation. METHODS Measurements of SCOs using [Formula: see text] imaging, ESA using microelectrode array (MEA) technology, and dendritic complexity using Sholl analysis were performed in primary murine cortical neurons from wild-type (WT) and/or ryanodine receptor 1 ([Formula: see text]) mice between 5 and 14 d in vitro (DIV). [Formula: see text] binding analysis and a single-channel voltage clamp were utilized to measure engagement of RyRs as a direct target of DM. RESULTS Neuronal networks responded to DM ([Formula: see text]) as early as 5 DIV, reducing SCO amplitude and depressing ESA and burst frequencies by 60-70%. DM ([Formula: see text]) enhanced axonal growth in a nonmonotonic manner. [Formula: see text] enhanced dendritic complexity. DM stabilized channel open states of RyR1, RyR2, and cortical preparations expressing all three isoforms. DM ([Formula: see text]) altered gating kinetics of RyR1 channels, increasing mean open time, decreasing mean closed time, and thereby enhancing overall open probability. SCO patterns from cortical networks expressing [Formula: see text] were more responsive to DM than WT. [Formula: see text] neurons showed inherently longer axonal lengths than WT neurons and maintained less length-promoting responses to nanomolar DM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that RyRs were sensitive molecular targets of DM with functional consequences likely relevant for mediating abnormal neuronal network connectivity in vitro. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yiyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Isaac N. Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Meng X, Yang X, Zhang N, Jiang H, Ge H, Chen M, Qian K, Wang J. Knockdown of the GABA receptor RDL genes decreases abamectin susceptibility in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 153:171-175. [PMID: 30744892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor is a primary neurotransmitter receptor in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Multiple RDL subunits have been found in insects including the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, however, comparative characterization of duplicated RDL genes in insects is still limited. In this study, comparison of the genomic sequences and the cDNA sequences revealed that both CsRDL1 and CsRDL2 consisted of 10 exons and 9 introns, and their exon-intron boundaries occur in the same position with respect to the coding sequences. Expression profiling showed that both CsRDL1 and CsRDL2 were predominantly expressed in nervous system, and had low expression levels in the gut and integument. The transcript level of CsRDL2 dramatically increased from the prepupae to late pupae and were much higher than that of CsRDL1 in adult stages. Notably, dietary ingestion of dsRDL1 and dsRDL2 significantly decreased the larval susceptibility to abamectin. These results suggest that CsRDL1 and CsRDL2 might play both physiological roles in development and toxicological roles in action of abamectin in C. suppressalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minxuan Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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26
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Cloning and Functional Characterisation of the Duplicated RDL Subunits from the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082235. [PMID: 30065178 PMCID: PMC6121307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The insect GABA receptor, RDL (resistance to dieldrin), is a cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel (cysLGIC) that plays a central role in neuronal signaling, and is the target of several classes of insecticides. Many insects studied to date possess one Rdl gene; however, there is evidence of two Rdls in aphids. To characterise further this insecticide target from pests that cause millions of dollars' worth of crop damage each year, we identified the complete cysLGIC gene superfamily of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, using BLAST analysis. This confirmed the presence of two Rdl-like genes (RDL1 and RDL2) that likely arose from a recent gene duplication. When expressed individually in Xenopus laevis oocytes, both subunits formed functional ion channels gated by GABA. Alternative splicing of RDL1 influenced the potency of GABA, and the potency of fipronil was different on the RDL1bd splice variant and RDL2. Imidacloprid and clothianidin showed no antagonistic activity on RDL1, whilst 100 μM thiacloprid reduced the GABA responses of RDL1 and RDL2 to 55% and 62%, respectively. It was concluded that gene duplication of Rdl may have conferred increased tolerance to natural insecticides, and played a role in the evolution of insect cysLGICs.
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27
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Taylor-Wells J, Senan A, Bermudez I, Jones AK. Species specific RNA A-to-I editing of mosquito RDL modulates GABA potency and influences agonistic, potentiating and antagonistic actions of ivermectin. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1-11. [PMID: 29223796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The insect GABA receptor, RDL, is the target of several classes of pesticides. The peptide sequences of RDL are generally highly conserved between diverse insects. However, RNA A-to-I editing can effectively alter amino acid residues of RDL in a species specific manner, which can affect the potency of GABA and possibly insecticides. We report here that RNA A-to-I editing alters the gene products of Rdl in three mosquito disease vectors, recoding five amino acid residues in RDL of Aedes aegypti and six residues in RDLs of Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens, which is the highest extent of editing in RDL observed to date. Analysis of An. gambiae Rdl cDNA sequences identified 24 editing isoforms demonstrating a considerable increase in gene product diversity. RNA editing influenced the potency of the neurotransmitter, GABA, on An. gambiae RDL editing isoforms expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, as demonstrated by EC50s ranging from 5 ± 1 to 246 ± 41 μM. Fipronil showed similar potency on different editing isoforms, with IC50s ranging from 0.18 ± 0.08 to 0.43 ± 0.09 μM. In contrast, editing of An. gambiae RDL affected the activating, potentiating and inhibiting actions of ivermectin. For example, ivermectin potentiated currents induced by GABA at the EC20 concentration in the unedited isoform but not in the fully edited variant. Editing of a residue in the first transmembrane domain or the cys-loop influenced this potentiation, highlighting residues involved in the allosteric mechanisms of cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels. Understanding the interactions of ivermectin with molecular targets may have relevance to mosquito control in areas where people are administered with ivermectin to treat parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennina Taylor-Wells
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX30BP, UK.
| | - Anish Senan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX30BP, UK.
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX30BP, UK.
| | - Andrew K Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX30BP, UK.
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28
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Yang C, Huang Z, Li M, Feng X, Qiu X. RDL mutations predict multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles sinensis in Guangxi, China. Malar J 2017; 16:482. [PMID: 29183375 PMCID: PMC5704519 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in China. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel, encoded by the RDL (Resistant to dieldrin) gene, is the important target for insecticides of widely varied structures. The use of various insecticides in agriculture and vector control has inevitably led to the development of insecticide resistance, which may reduce the control effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence and distribution frequency of the resistance related mutation(s) in An. sinensis RDL to predict resistance to both the withdrawn cyclodienes (e.g. dieldrin) and currently used insecticides, such as fipronil. Methods Two hundred and forty adults of An. sinensis collected from nine locations across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were used. Two fragments of An. sinensis RDL (AsRDL) gene, covering the putative insecticide resistance related sites, were sequenced respectively. The haplotypes of each individual were reconstructed by the PHASE2.1 software, and confirmed by clone sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was built using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Genealogical relations among different haplotypes were also analysed using Network 5.0. Results The coding region of AsRDL gene was 1674 bp long, encoding a protein of 557 amino acids. AsRDL had 98.0% amino acid identity to that from Anopheles funestus, and shared common structural features of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels. Three resistance-related amino acid substitutions (A296S, V327I and T345S) were detected in all the nine populations of An. sinensis in Guangxi, with the 296S mutation being the most abundant (77–100%), followed by 345S (22–47%) and 327I (8–60%). 38 AsRDL haplotypes were identified from 240 individuals at frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 34.8%. Genealogical analysis suggested multiple origins of the 345S mutation in AsRDL. Conclusions The near fixation of the 296S mutation and the occurrence of the 327I and 345S mutations in addition to 296S, in all the nine tested An. sinensis populations in Guangxi, strongly indicate a risk of multiple insecticide resistance. The haplotype diversity plus genetic heterogeneities in the geographical distribution, and multiple origins of AsRDL alleles call for a location-customized strategy for monitoring and management of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zushi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Moyes CL, Vontas J, Martins AJ, Ng LC, Koou SY, Dusfour I, Raghavendra K, Pinto J, Corbel V, David JP, Weetman D. Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005625. [PMID: 28727779 PMCID: PMC5518996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Aedes aegytpi and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of 5 important arboviruses (namely chikungunya virus, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus), making these mosquitoes an important factor in the worldwide burden of infectious disease. Vector control using insecticides coupled with larval source reduction is critical to control the transmission of these viruses to humans but is threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Here, we review the available evidence for the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in these 2 major vectors worldwide and map the data collated for the 4 main classes of neurotoxic insecticide (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids). Emerging resistance to all 4 of these insecticide classes has been detected in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Target-site mutations and increased insecticide detoxification have both been linked to resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus but more work is required to further elucidate metabolic mechanisms and develop robust diagnostic assays. Geographical distributions are provided for the mechanisms that have been shown to be important to date. Estimating insecticide resistance in unsampled locations is hampered by a lack of standardisation in the diagnostic tools used and by a lack of data in a number of regions for both resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The need for increased sampling using standard methods is critical to tackle the issue of emerging insecticide resistance threatening human health. Specifically, diagnostic doses and well-characterised susceptible strains are needed for the full range of insecticides used to control Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to standardise measurement of the resistant phenotype, and calibrated diagnostic assays are needed for the major mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Moyes
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ademir J. Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Helios Block, Singapore
| | - Sin Ying Koou
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Helios Block, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Kamaraju Raghavendra
- Insecticides and Insecticide Resistance Lab, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Delhi, India
| | - João Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vincent Corbel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Nakao T. Mechanisms of resistance to insecticides targeting RDL GABA receptors in planthoppers. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:293-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Taylor-Wells J, Hawkins J, Colombo C, Bermudez I, Jones AK. Cloning and functional expression of intracellular loop variants of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) RDL GABA receptor. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Taylor-Wells J, Jones AK. Variations in the Insect GABA Receptor, RDL, and Their Impact on Receptor Pharmacology. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1265.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennina Taylor-Wells
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 8NZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K. Jones
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 8NZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Ion channels remain the primary target of most of the small molecule insecticides. This review examines how the subunit composition of heterologously expressed receptors determines their insecticide-specific pharmacology and how the pharmacology of expressed receptors differs from those found in the insect nervous system. We find that the insecticide-specific pharmacology of some receptors, like that containing subunits of the Rdl encoded GABA receptor, can be reconstituted with very few of the naturally occurring subunits expressed. In contrast, workers have struggled even to express functional insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and work has therefore often relied upon the expression of vertebrate receptor subunits in their place. We also examine the extent to which insecticide-resistance-associated mutations, such as those in the para encoded voltage-gated sodium channel, can reveal details of insecticide-binding sites and mode of action. In particular, we examine whether mutations are present in the insecticide-binding site and/or at sites that allosterically affect the drug preferred conformation of the receptor. We also discuss the ryanodine receptor as a target for the recently developed diamides. Finally, we examine the lethality of the genes encoding these receptor subunits and discuss how this might determine the degree of conservation of the resistance-associated mutations found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin S Williamson
- b Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire , UK
| | - T G Emyr Davies
- b Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire , UK
| | - Chris Bass
- a Biosciences , University of Exeter in Cornwall , Falmouth , UK
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Synergistic and compensatory effects of two point mutations conferring target-site resistance to fipronil in the insect GABA receptor RDL. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32335. [PMID: 27557781 PMCID: PMC4997714 DOI: 10.1038/srep32335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance can arise from a variety of mechanisms, including changes to the target site, but is often associated with substantial fitness costs to insects. Here we describe two resistance-associated target-site mutations that have synergistic and compensatory effects that combine to produce high and persistent levels of resistance to fipronil, an insecticide targeting on γ-aminobytyric acid (GABA) receptors. In Nilaparvata lugens, a major pest of rice crops in many parts of Asia, we have identified a single point mutation (A302S) in the GABA receptor RDL that has been identified previously in other species and which confers low levels of resistance to fipronil (23-fold) in N. lugans. In addition, we have identified a second resistance-associated RDL mutation (R300Q) that, in combination with A302S, is associated with much higher levels of resistance (237-fold). The R300Q mutation has not been detected in the absence of A302S in either laboratory-selected or field populations, presumably due to the high fitness cost associated with this mutation. Significantly, it appears that the A302S mutation is able to compensate for deleterious effects of R300Q mutation on fitness cost. These findings identify a novel resistance mechanism and may have important implications for the spread of insecticide resistance.
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Marriel NB, Tomé HVV, Guedes RCN, Martins GF. Deltamethrin-mediated survival, behavior, and oenocyte morphology of insecticide-susceptible and resistant yellow fever mosquitos (Aedes aegypti). Acta Trop 2016; 158:88-96. [PMID: 26943998 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insecticide use is the prevailing control tactic for the mosquito Aedes aegypti, a vector of several human viruses, which leads to ever-increasing problems of insecticide resistance in populations of this insect pest species. The underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance may be linked to the metabolism of insecticides by various cells, including oenocytes. Oenocytes are ectodermal cells responsible for lipid metabolism and detoxification. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sublethal effects of deltamethrin on survival, behavior, and oenocyte structure in the immature mosquitoes of insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of A. aegypti. Fourth instar larvae (L4) of both strains were exposed to different concentrations of deltamethrin (i.e., 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, and 0.007 ppm). After exposure, L4 were subjected to behavioral bioassays. Insecticide effects on cell integrity after deltamethrin exposure (at 0.003 or 0.005 ppm) were assessed by processing pupal oenocytes for transmission electron microscopy or TUNEL reaction. The insecticide resistant L4 survived all the tested concentrations, whereas the 0.007-ppm deltamethrin concentration had lethal effects on susceptible L4. Susceptible L4 were lethargic and exhibited less swimming activity than unexposed larvae, whereas the resistant L4 were hyperexcited following exposure to 0.005 ppm deltamethrin. No sublethal effects and no significant cell death were observed in the oenocytes of either susceptible or resistant insects exposed to deltamethrin. The present study illustrated the different responses of susceptible and resistant strains of A. aegypti following exposure to sublethal concentration of deltamethrin, and demonstrated how the behavior of the immature stage of the two strains varied, as well as oenocyte structure following insecticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Biondine Marriel
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Hudson Vaner Ventura Tomé
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Raul Carvalho Narciso Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-900, Brazil.
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