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Africa PC, Piersanti R, Fedele M, Dede' L, Quarteroni A. lifex-fiber: an open tool for myofibers generation in cardiac computational models. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:143. [PMID: 37046208 PMCID: PMC10091584 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling the whole cardiac function involves the solution of several complex multi-physics and multi-scale models that are highly computationally demanding, which call for simpler yet accurate, high-performance computational tools. Despite the efforts made by several research groups, no software for whole-heart fully-coupled cardiac simulations in the scientific community has reached full maturity yet. RESULTS In this work we present [Formula: see text]-fiber, an innovative tool for the generation of myocardial fibers based on Laplace-Dirichlet Rule-Based Methods, which are the essential building blocks for modeling the electrophysiological, mechanical and electromechanical cardiac function, from single-chamber to whole-heart simulations. [Formula: see text]-fiber is the first publicly released module for cardiac simulations based on [Formula: see text], an open-source, high-performance Finite Element solver for multi-physics, multi-scale and multi-domain problems developed in the framework of the iHEART project, which aims at making in silico experiments easily reproducible and accessible to a wide community of users, including those with a background in medicine or bio-engineering. CONCLUSIONS The tool presented in this document is intended to provide the scientific community with a computational tool that incorporates general state of the art models and solvers for simulating the cardiac function within a high-performance framework that exposes a user- and developer-friendly interface. This report comes with an extensive technical and mathematical documentation to welcome new users to the core structure of [Formula: see text]-fiber and to provide them with a possible approach to include the generated cardiac fibers into more sophisticated computational pipelines. In the near future, more modules will be successively published either as pre-compiled binaries for x86-64 Linux systems or as open source software.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Piersanti
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Fedele
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Dede'
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alfio Quarteroni
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Mathematics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Wang S, Cui J, Jing Y, Varray F. Oscillation of the orientation of cardiomyocyte aggregates in human left ventricle free wall. J Anat 2023; 242:373-386. [PMID: 36395157 PMCID: PMC9919520 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientation of local cardiomyocyte aggregates in the human left ventricle free wall experiences an oscillation in the laminar structure regions, besides its gradual change trend. We described this oscillation using five transmural samples imaged at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility with an isotropic voxel size of 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 μm3 . In the reconstructed volume of each sample, we manually selected a region containing a regular laminar structure as the region of interest and measured the distribution of the orientation of local cardiomyocyte aggregates inside using a Fourier-based method. Then, we extracted the gradual change part of the orientation of cardiomyocyte aggregates with a three-dimensional centered Gaussian filter and measured the angle between the original orientation vector of local cardiomyocyte aggregates and its gradual change part. Further, we assessed the measured angles in different local coordinates. The results indicate that the oscillation amplitude of the orientation of cardiomyocyte aggregates is regional in the left ventricle wall, which may promote our understanding of the rearrangement mechanism of the cardiomyocyte aggregates and provide a new biomarker to study the heart physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Wang
- Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.,Key Lab of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Junning Cui
- Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.,Key Lab of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhan Jing
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220 U1294, Lyon, France
| | - François Varray
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220 U1294, Lyon, France
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3
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Gu J, Wang D, Jiang L, Huang Y, Ding L, Chen X, He Y, Zhou Z, Pu D. Assessment of Global Cardiac Function Using AutoSTRAIN Automatic Strain Quantitative Technology in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:368-374. [PMID: 36283937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In patients with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy, we investigated the deformational parameters of the left ventricle, right ventricle and left atrium, as well as the relationship between these parameters. Ninety-five patients with breast cancer who were treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy were enrolled. The control group included 116 healthy female volunteers. Parameters including left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS); right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWSL) and global longitudinal strain (RV4CSL); and peak strain of the left atrium during LV systole (LASR), early LV diastole (LASCD) and late LV diastole (LASCT) were analyzed by speckle tacking echocardiography. LV-GLS, LASR, LASCD, RVFWSL and RV4CSL in the chemotherapy group decreased significantly by 15.6%, 13.8%, 19.8%, 21.8% and 13.2% (p < 0.05), respectively, when compared with the control group. LASCT was slightly increased in the chemotherapy group but the increase was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Formulas for the influencing factors of LV-GLS were LV-GLS = -18.73738541 + 0.13961 × LVIDd + 0.09672 × LASCD + 0.18113 × RVFWSL in the control group and LV-GLS = -8.026302253 + 0.20811 × LASCD + 0.11084 × LASCT + 0.12153 × RVFWSL in the chemotherapy group. Both LV contraction and RV contraction were impaired after the completion of anthracycline-based therapy, and RVFWSL may be superior to LV-GLS in assessing cardiotoxicity. LA reserve and channel function were significantly reduced, while pump function was slightly increased. Compared with the results among healthy people, the influencing factor of LV-GLS varied after anthracycline treatment, and LA function had a greater impact on LV-GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Ultrasound, The Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Ultrasound, The Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunbi Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiman He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zefen Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Darong Pu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Dejea H, Schlepütz CM, Méndez-Carmona N, Arnold M, Garcia-Canadilla P, Longnus SL, Stampanoni M, Bijnens B, Bonnin A. A tomographic microscopy-compatible Langendorff system for the dynamic structural characterization of the cardiac cycle. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1023483. [PMID: 36620622 PMCID: PMC9815149 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1023483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac architecture has been extensively investigated ex vivo using a broad spectrum of imaging techniques. Nevertheless, the heart is a dynamic system and the structural mechanisms governing the cardiac cycle can only be unveiled when investigating it as such. Methods This work presents the customization of an isolated, perfused heart system compatible with synchrotron-based X-ray phase contrast imaging (X-PCI). Results Thanks to the capabilities of the developed setup, it was possible to visualize a beating isolated, perfused rat heart for the very first time in 4D at an unprecedented 2.75 μm pixel size (10.6 μm spatial resolution), and 1 ms temporal resolution. Discussion The customized setup allows high-spatial resolution studies of heart architecture along the cardiac cycle and has thus the potential to serve as a tool for the characterization of the structural dynamics of the heart, including the effects of drugs and other substances able to modify the cardiac cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Dejea
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Hector Dejea ✉
| | | | - Natalia Méndez-Carmona
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Arnold
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Garcia-Canadilla
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Cardiovascular Diseases and Child Development, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sarah L. Longnus
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Bijnens
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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5
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Mostert D, Groenen B, Klouda L, Passier R, Goumans MJ, Kurniawan NA, Bouten CVC. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes align under cyclic strain when guided by cardiac fibroblasts. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:046108. [PMID: 36567768 PMCID: PMC9771596 DOI: 10.1063/5.0108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocardium is a mechanically active tissue typified by anisotropy of the resident cells [cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (cFBs)] and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Upon ischemic injury, the anisotropic tissue is replaced by disorganized scar tissue, resulting in loss of coordinated contraction. Efforts to re-establish tissue anisotropy in the injured myocardium are hampered by a lack of understanding of how CM and/or cFB structural organization is affected by the two major physical cues inherent in the myocardium: ECM organization and cyclic mechanical strain. Herein, we investigate the singular and combined effect of ECM (dis)organization and cyclic strain in a two-dimensional human in vitro co-culture model of the myocardial microenvironment. We show that (an)isotropic ECM protein patterning can guide the orientation of CMs and cFBs, both in mono- and co-culture. Subsequent application of uniaxial cyclic strain-mimicking the local anisotropic deformation of beating myocardium-causes no effect when applied parallel to the anisotropic ECM. However, when cultured on isotropic substrates, cFBs, but not CMs, orient away from the direction of cyclic uniaxial strain (strain avoidance). In contrast, CMs show strain avoidance via active remodeling of their sarcomeres only when co-cultured with at least 30% cFBs. Paracrine signaling or N-cadherin-mediated communication between CMs and cFBs was no contributing factor. Our findings suggest that the mechanoresponsive cFBs provide structural guidance for CM orientation and elongation. Our study, therefore, highlights a synergistic mechanobiological interplay between CMs and cFBs in shaping tissue organization, which is of relevance for regenerating functionally organized myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Groenen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leda Klouda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Center for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Wilson AJ, Sands GB, LeGrice IJ, Young AA, Ennis DB. Myocardial mesostructure and mesofunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H257-H275. [PMID: 35657613 PMCID: PMC9273275 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00059.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complex and highly organized structural arrangement of some five billion cardiomyocytes directs the coordinated electrical activity and mechanical contraction of the human heart. The characteristic transmural change in cardiomyocyte orientation underlies base-to-apex shortening, circumferential shortening, and left ventricular torsion during contraction. Individual cardiomyocytes shorten ∼15% and increase in diameter ∼8%. Remarkably, however, the left ventricular wall thickens by up to 30-40%. To accommodate this, the myocardium must undergo significant structural rearrangement during contraction. At the mesoscale, collections of cardiomyocytes are organized into sheetlets, and sheetlet shear is the fundamental mechanism of rearrangement that produces wall thickening. Herein, we review the histological and physiological studies of myocardial mesostructure that have established the sheetlet shear model of wall thickening. Recent developments in tissue clearing techniques allow for imaging of whole hearts at the cellular scale, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can image the myocardium at the mesoscale (100 µm to 1 mm) to resolve cardiomyocyte orientation and organization. Through histology, cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and other modalities, mesostructural sheetlets have been confirmed in both animal and human hearts. Recent in vivo cardiac DTI methods have measured reorientation of sheetlets during the cardiac cycle. We also examine the role of pathological cardiac remodeling on sheetlet organization and reorientation, and the impact this has on ventricular function and dysfunction. We also review the unresolved mesostructural questions and challenges that may direct future work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J LeGrice
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair A Young
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B Ennis
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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7
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Chang H, Liu Q, Zimmerman JF, Lee KY, Jin Q, Peters MM, Rosnach M, Choi S, Kim SL, Ardoña HAM, MacQueen LA, Chantre CO, Motta SE, Cordoves EM, Parker KK. Recreating the heart's helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning. Science 2022; 377:180-185. [PMID: 35857545 PMCID: PMC10077766 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helical alignments within the heart's musculature have been speculated to be important in achieving physiological pumping efficiencies. Testing this possibility is difficult, however, because it is challenging to reproduce the fine spatial features and complex structures of the heart's musculature using current techniques. Here we report focused rotary jet spinning (FRJS), an additive manufacturing approach that enables rapid fabrication of micro/nanofiber scaffolds with programmable alignments in three-dimensional geometries. Seeding these scaffolds with cardiomyocytes enabled the biofabrication of tissue-engineered ventricles, with helically aligned models displaying more uniform deformations, greater apical shortening, and increased ejection fractions compared with circumferential alignments. The ability of FRJS to control fiber arrangements in three dimensions offers a streamlined approach to fabricating tissues and organs, with this work demonstrating how helical architectures contribute to cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Chang
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Qihan Liu
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John F. Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Keel Yong Lee
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Qianru Jin
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Michael M. Peters
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Michael Rosnach
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Suji Choi
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Sean L. Kim
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Luke A. MacQueen
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Christophe O. Chantre
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth M. Cordoves
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
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8
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Subepicardial and endocardial myocardial layers within the roof of the left atrium. Heart Rhythm 2020; 18:358-359. [PMID: 33212247 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Agger P, Stephenson RS. Assessing Myocardial Architecture: The Challenges and Controversies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040047. [PMID: 33137874 PMCID: PMC7711767 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, investigators have strived to describe and quantify the orientation of the cardiac myocytes in an attempt to classify their arrangement in healthy and diseased hearts. There are, however, striking differences between the investigations from both a technical and methodological standpoint, thus limiting their comparability and impeding the drawing of appropriate physiological conclusions from the structural assessments. This review aims to elucidate these differences, and to propose guidance to establish methodological consensus in the field. The review outlines the theory behind myocyte orientation analysis, and importantly has identified pronounced differences in the definitions of otherwise widely accepted concepts of myocytic orientation. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for the future design of studies in the field of myocardial morphology. It is emphasised that projection of myocyte orientations, before quantification of their angulation, introduces considerable bias, and that angles should be assessed relative to the epicardial curvature. The transmural orientation of the cardiomyocytes should also not be neglected, as it is an important determinant of cardiac function. Finally, there is considerable disagreement in the literature as to how the orientation of myocardial aggregates should be assessed, but to do so in a mathematically meaningful way, the normal vector of the aggregate plane should be utilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Agger
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8220 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Randers Regional Hospital, Skovlyvej 15, 8930 Randers NE, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert S. Stephenson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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10
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Dejea H, Bonnin A, Cook AC, Garcia-Canadilla P. Cardiac multi-scale investigation of the right and left ventricle ex vivo: a review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1701-1717. [PMID: 33224784 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heart is a complex multi-scale system composed of components integrated at the subcellular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The myocytes, the contractile elements of the heart, form a complex three-dimensional (3D) network which enables propagation of the electrical signal that triggers the contraction to efficiently pump blood towards the whole body. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of mortality in developed countries, often lead to cardiovascular remodeling affecting cardiac structure and function at all scales, from myocytes and their surrounding collagen matrix to the 3D organization of the whole heart. As yet, there is no consensus as to how the myocytes are arranged and packed within their connective tissue matrix, nor how best to image them at multiple scales. Cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to investigate cardiac structure and function as well as for the evaluation of cardiac remodeling in CVDs. For a complete understanding of the relationship between structural remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in CVDs, multi-scale imaging approaches are necessary to achieve a detailed description of ventricular architecture along with cardiac function. In this context, ventricular architecture has been extensively studied using a wide variety of imaging techniques: ultrasound (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), microscopy (confocal, episcopic, light sheet, polarized light), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and, more recently, synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging (SR X-PCI). Each of these techniques have their own set of strengths and weaknesses, relating to sample size, preparation, resolution, 2D/3D capabilities, use of contrast agents and possibility of performing together with in vivo studies. Therefore, the combination of different imaging techniques to investigate the same sample, thus taking advantage of the strengths of each method, could help us to extract the maximum information about ventricular architecture and function. In this review, we provide an overview of available and emerging cardiovascular imaging techniques for assessing myocardial architecture ex vivo and discuss their utility in being able to quantify cardiac remodeling, in CVDs, from myocyte to whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Dejea
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andrew C Cook
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Garcia-Canadilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Nishitani S, Torii N, Imai H, Haraguchi R, Yamada S, Takakuwa T. Development of Helical Myofiber Tracts in the Human Fetal Heart: Analysis of Myocardial Fiber Formation in the Left Ventricle From the Late Human Embryonic Period Using Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016422. [PMID: 32993423 PMCID: PMC7792405 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Detection of the fiber orientation pattern of the myocardium using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging lags ≈12 weeks of gestational age (WGA) behind fetal myocardial remodeling with invasion by the developing coronary vasculature (8 WGA). We aimed to use diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography to characterize the evolution of fiber architecture in the developing human heart from the later embryonic period. Methods and Results Twenty human specimens (8–24 WGA) from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses, including specimens from the embryonic period (Carnegie stages 20–23), were used. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired with a 7T magnetic resonance system. Fractional anisotropy and helix angle were calculated using standard definitions. In all samples, the fibers ran helically in an organized pattern in both the left and right ventricles. A smooth transmural change in helix angle values (from positive to negative) was detected in all 16 directions of the ventricles. This feature was observed in almost all small (Carnegie stage 23) and large samples. A higher fractional anisotropy value was detected at the outer side of the anterior wall and septum at Carnegie stage 20 to 22, which spread around the ventricular wall at Carnegie stage 23 and in the early fetal samples (11–12 WGA). The fractional anisotropy value of the left ventricular walls decreased in samples with ≥13 WGA, which remained low (≈0.09) in larger samples. Conclusions From the human late embryonic period (from 8 WGA), the helix angle arrangement of the myocardium is comparable to that of the adult, indicating that the myocardial structure blueprint, organization, and integrity are already formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nishitani
- Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Narisa Torii
- Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryo Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Applied Informatics University of Hyogo Kobe Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan.,Congenital Anomaly Research Center Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takakuwa
- Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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12
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Truong BL, Jouk PS, Auriau J, Michalowicz G, Usson Y. Polarized Light Imaging of the Myoarchitecture in Tetralogy of Fallot in the Perinatal Period. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:503054. [PMID: 33072668 PMCID: PMC7536283 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.503054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathognomonic feature of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the antero-cephalad deviation of the outlet septum in combination with an abnormal arrangement of the septoparietal trabeculations. Aims: The aim of this article was to study perinatal hearts using Polarized Light Imaging (PLI) in order to investigate the deep alignment of cardiomyocytes that bond the different components of the ventricular outflow tracts both together and to the rest of the ventricular mass, thus furthering the classic description of ToF. Methods and Materials: 10 perinatal hearts with ToF and 10 perinatal hearts with no detectable cardiac anomalies (control) were studied using PLI. The orientation of the myocardial cells was extracted and studied at high resolution. Virtual dissections in multiple section planes were used to explore each ventricular structure. Results and Conclusions: Contrary to the specimens of the control group, for all ToF specimens studied, the deep latitudinal alignment of the cardiomyocytes bonds together the left part of the Outlet septum (OS) S to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. In addition, the right end of the muscular OS bonds directly on the right ventricular wall (RVW) superior to the attachment of the ventriculo infundibular fold (VIF). Thus, the OS is a bridge between the lateral RVW and the anterior left ventricular wall. The VIF, RVW, and OS define an "inverted U" that roofs the cone between the interventricular communication and the overriding aorta. The opening angle and the length of the branches of this "inverted U" depend however on three components: the size of the OS, the size of the VIF, and the distance between the points of insertion of the OS and VIF into the RVW. The variation of these three components accounts for a significant part of the diversity observed in the anatomical presentations of ToF in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Luu Truong
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques, Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Grenoble, France.,Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Necker Sick Children Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nhi Dong 2 Children Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques, Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Grenoble, France.,Department of Genetics and Procreation, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Johanne Auriau
- Department of Cardiology, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Gabrielle Michalowicz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques, Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Usson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques, Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Grenoble, France
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Clarke J, Gillingwater T, Graham A, Milz S. Journal of Anatomy January 2020. J Anat 2019; 236:1-2. [PMID: 31823389 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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