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Yao K, Kang Q, Chen K, Shi B, Jin X. MiR-124-3p negatively impacts embryo implantation via suppressing uterine receptivity formation and embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 38297297 PMCID: PMC10829223 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
During embryo implantation, blastocyst interacts with the receptivity endometrium and the endometrial epithelium secretes nurturing fluid to support embryonic development. Interferon-λ (IFN-λ) is a novel, non-redundant regulator that participates in the fetal-maternal interaction; however, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its impact on uterine receptivity remains elusive. Here, microarray profiling revealed that 149 specific miRNAs were differentially expressed in the human endometrial cells following IFN-λ treatment. In particular, miR-124-3p expression was significantly reduced after IFN-λ treatment (p < 0.05). An in vivo mouse pregnancy model showed that miR-124-3p overexpression notably decreased embryo implantation rate and led to an aberrant epithelial phenotype. Furthermore, miR-124-3p negatively impacted the migration and proliferation of endometrial cells, and hindered embryonic developmental competence in terms of blastocyst formation and global DNA re-methylation. Downstream analysis showed that LIF, MUC1 and BCL2 are potential target genes for miR-124-3p, which was confirmed using western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. In conclusion, IFN-λ-driven downregulation of miR-124-3p during embryo implantation modulates uterine receptivity. The dual functional role of miR-124-3p suggests a cross-talk model wherein, maternal endometrial miRNA acts as a transcriptomic modifier of the peri-implantation endometrium and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Yao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Quanmin Kang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- China United Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biwei Shi
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Watanabe T, Soeda S, Okoshi C, Fukuda T, Yasuda S, Fujimori K. Landscape of somatic mutated genes and inherited susceptibility genes in gynecological cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2629-2643. [PMID: 37632362 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, gynecological cancers have been classified based on histology. Since remarkable advancements in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the exploration of somatic mutations in various cancer types, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of some common forms of human cancer. The genomic features of various gynecological malignancies have been reported by several studies of large-scale genomic cohorts, including The Cancer Genome Atlas. Although recent comprehensive genomic profiling tests, which can detect hundreds of genetic mutations at a time from cancer tissues or blood samples, have been increasingly used as diagnostic clinical biomarkers and in therapeutic management decisions, germline pathogenic variants associated with hereditary cancers can also be detected using this test. Gynecological cancers are closely related to genetic factors, with approximately 5% of endometrial cancer cases and 20% of ovarian cancer cases being caused by germline pathogenic variants. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome are the two major cancer susceptibility syndromes among gynecological cancers. In addition, several other hereditary syndromes have been reported to be associated with gynecological cancers. In this review, we highlight the genes for somatic mutation and germline pathogenic variants commonly seen in gynecological cancers. We first describe the relationship between clinicopathological attributes and somatic mutated genes. Subsequently, we discuss the characteristics and clinical management of inherited cancer syndromes resulting from pathogenic germline variants in gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toma Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Yasuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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3
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Weiss F, Kaltofen T, Kanitz V, Schröder L, Kost B, König A, Delius M, Mahner S, Alba Alejandre I. Clear cell endometrial carcinoma with high microsatellite instability in a complicated pregnancy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:286. [PMID: 37422672 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinomas are the most common female genital malignancies. They are very rare in pregnancy and worldwide less than 60 cases associated with pregnancy are published. No clear cell carcinoma has been described in a pregnancy with a live birth. CASE PRESENTATION We present the course of a 43-year-old Uyghur female patient with the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma with a deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair system in the pregnancy. The malignancy with clear cell histology was confirmed by biopsy following the delivery via caesarean section due to preterm birth of a fetus with sonographically suspected tetralogy of Fallot. Earlier whole exome sequencing after amniocentesis had shown a heterozygous mutation in the MSH2 gene, which was unlikely to be related to the fetal cardiac defect. The uterine mass was initially deemed an isthmocervical fibroid by ultrasound and was confirmed as stage II endometrial carcinoma. The patient was consequently treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Six months after the adjuvant therapy, re-laparotomy was performed due to ileus symptoms and an ileum metastasis was found. The patient is currently undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with pembrolizumab. CONCLUSION Rare endometrial carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of uterine masses in pregnant women with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Till Kaltofen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Kanitz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander König
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Delius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Alba Alejandre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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4
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Liu C, Ye D, Yang H, Chen X, Su Z, Li X, Ding M, Liu Y. RAS-targeted cancer therapy: Advances in drugging specific mutations. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e285. [PMID: 37250144 PMCID: PMC10225044 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat sarcoma (RAS), as a frequently mutated oncogene, has been studied as an attractive target for treating RAS-driven cancers for over four decades. However, it is until the recent success of kirsten-RAS (KRAS)G12C inhibitor that RAS gets rid of the title "undruggable". It is worth noting that the therapeutic effect of KRASG12C inhibitors on different RAS allelic mutations or even different cancers with KRASG12C varies significantly. Thus, deep understanding of the characteristics of each allelic RAS mutation will be a prerequisite for developing new RAS inhibitors. In this review, the structural and biochemical features of different RAS mutations are summarized and compared. Besides, the pathological characteristics and treatment responses of different cancers carrying RAS mutations are listed based on clinical reports. In addition, the development of RAS inhibitors, either direct or indirect, that target the downstream components in RAS pathway is summarized as well. Hopefully, this review will broaden our knowledge on RAS-targeting strategies and trigger more intensive studies on exploiting new RAS allele-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Danyang Ye
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongliu Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xu Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhijun Su
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mei Ding
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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5
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Qi WL, Li HY, Wang Y, Xu L, Deng JT, Zhang X, Wang YX, Meng LH. Targeting PI3Kα overcomes resistance to KRas G12C inhibitors mediated by activation of EGFR and/or IGF1R. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1083-1094. [PMID: 36411339 PMCID: PMC10104814 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several KRasG12C inhibitors have displayed promising efficacy in clinical settings, acquired resistance developed rapidly and circumvented the activity of KRasG12C inhibitors. To explore the mechanism rendering acquired resistance to KRasG12C inhibitors, we established a series of KRASG12C-mutant cells with acquired resistance to AMG510. We found that differential activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) especially EGFR or IGF1R rendered resistance to AMG510 in different cellular contexts by maintaining the activation of MAPK and PI3K signaling. Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR and IGF1R restored sensitivity to AMG510 in resistant cells. PI3K integrates signals from multiple RTKs and the level of phosphorylated AKT was revealed to negatively correlate with the anti-proliferative activity of AMG510 in KRASG12C-mutant cells. Concurrently treatment of a novel PI3Kα inhibitor CYH33 with AMG510 exhibited a synergistic effect against parental and resistant KRASG12C-mutant cells in vitro and in vivo, which was accompanied with concomitant inhibition of AKT and MAPK signaling. Taken together, these findings revealed the potential mechanism rendering acquired resistance to KRasG12C inhibitors and provided a mechanistic rationale to combine PI3Kα inhibitors with KRasG12C inhibitors for therapy of KRASG12C-mutant cancers in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Qi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, No. 461, Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hui-Yu Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie-Ting Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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6
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Kodada D, Hyblova M, Krumpolec P, Janostiakova N, Barath P, Grendar M, Blandova G, Petrovic O, Janega P, Repiska V, Minarik G. The Potential of Liquid Biopsy in Detection of Endometrial Cancer Biomarkers: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097811. [PMID: 37175518 PMCID: PMC10178554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer belongs to the most common gynecologic cancer types globally, with increasing incidence. There are numerous ways of classifying different cases. The most recent decade has brought advances in molecular classification, which show more accurate prognostic factors and the possibility of personalised adjuvant treatment. In addition, diagnostic approaches lag behind these advances, with methods causing patients discomfort while lacking the reproducibility of tissue sampling for biopsy. Minimally invasive liquid biopsies could therefore represent an alternative screening and diagnostic approach in patients with endometrial cancer. The method could potentially detect molecular changes in this cancer type and identify patients at early stages. In this pilot study, we tested such a detection method based on circulating tumour DNA isolated from the peripheral blood plasma of 21 Slovak endometrial cancer patients. We successfully detected oncomutations in the circulating DNA of every single patient, although the prognostic value of the detected mutations failed to offer certainty. Furthermore, we detected changes associated with clonal hematopoiesis, including DNMT3A mutations, which were present in the majority of circulating tumour DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kodada
- Medirex Group Academy, 94905 Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Nikola Janostiakova
- Medirex Group Academy, 94905 Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Marian Grendar
- Medirex Group Academy, 94905 Nitra, Slovakia
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Blandova
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Pavol Janega
- Medirex Group Academy, 94905 Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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7
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Asami Y, Kobayashi Kato M, Hiranuma K, Matsuda M, Shimada Y, Ishikawa M, Koyama T, Komatsu M, Hamamoto R, Nagashima M, Terao Y, Itakura A, Kohno T, Sekizawa A, Matsumoto K, Kato T, Shiraishi K, Yoshida H. Utility of molecular subtypes and genetic alterations for evaluating clinical outcomes in 1029 patients with endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1582-1591. [PMID: 36797358 PMCID: PMC10070437 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the utility of a molecular classifier tool and genetic alterations for predicting prognosis in Japanese patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS A total of 1029 patients with endometrial cancer from two independent cohorts were classified into four molecular subtype groups. The primary and secondary endpoints were relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. RESULTS Among the 265 patients who underwent initial surgery, classified according to immunohistochemistry, patients with DNA polymerase epsilon exonuclease domain mutation had an excellent prognosis (RFS and OS), patients with no specific molecular profile (NSMP) and mismatch repair protein deficiency had an intermediate prognosis, and those with protein 53 abnormal expression (p53abn) had the worst prognosis (P < 0.001). In the NSMP group, mutant KRAS and wild-type ARID1A were associated with significantly poorer 5-year RFS (41.2%) than other genomic characteristics (P < 0.001). The distribution of the subtypes differed significantly between patients with recurrence/progression and classified by sequencing (n = 764) and patients who underwent initial surgery (P < 0.001). Among patients with recurrence/progression, 51.4% had the opportunity to receive molecular targeted therapy. CONCLUSIONS A molecular classifier is a useful tool for determining prognosis and eligibility for molecularly targeted therapy in patients with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Asami
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kobayashi Kato
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Hiranuma
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Maiko Matsuda
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimada
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Minoru Nagashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Terao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Parish M, Massoud G, Hazimeh D, Segars J, Islam MS. Green Tea in Reproductive Cancers: Could Treatment Be as Simple? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030862. [PMID: 36765820 PMCID: PMC9913717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea originates from the tea plant Camellia sinensis and is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Green tea polyphenols, commonly known as catechins, are the major bioactive ingredients and account for green tea's unique health benefits. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is the most potent catechin derivative and has been widely studied for its pro- and anti-oxidative effects. This review summarizes the chemical and chemopreventive properties of green tea in the context of female reproductive cancers. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2022 was conducted. All original and review articles related to green tea or EGCG, and gynecological cancers published in English were included. The findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies examining the effect of green tea on reproductive cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, are presented. Studies have shown that this compound targets specific receptors and intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis. The potential benefits of using green tea in the treatment of reproductive cancers, alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents, are examined, shedding light on new therapeutic strategies for the management of female reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Segars
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.S.I.); Tel.: +1-410-614-2000 (J.S. & M.S.I.)
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.S.I.); Tel.: +1-410-614-2000 (J.S. & M.S.I.)
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9
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Liu D, Chen T, Yu K, Li J, Wang S, Ma X, Zhu Q, Ning Y, Wang Y. A 2-tier subdivision of papillary proliferations of the endometrium (PPE) only emphasizing the complexity of papillae precisely predicts the neoplastic risk and reflects the neoplasia-related molecular characteristics-a single-centered analysis of 207 cases. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:585-593. [PMID: 35796805 PMCID: PMC9534819 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Papillary proliferation of the endometrium (PPE) is subdivided based on the complexity of the papillae and the proliferation of lesions, and the complex group is considered to have an increased risk of concurrent/subsequent endometrial neoplasia. However, the current subdivision criteria fail to prove the equivalence of the quantity of simple papillae and structural complexity. In this study, we divided PPE of 207 cases from 2014 to 2022 into 3 groups according to structural complexity and proliferation degrees: Group 1 equaled to the simple PPE with a simple papillary structure and typical localized proliferation; group 2 had the simple structure similar to group 1 but occupy over 50% of the endometrial polyp or > 2 lesions in the surface of nonpolypoid endometrium; group 3 had the truly complex branching papillae despite of its proportion. Group 3 was implicated with significantly more concurrent endometrial neoplasia (EAH and carcinoma) compared with groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01), while no difference was found between groups 1 and 2. In 128 cases with no concurrent endometrial abnormalities in the initial biopsy or curettage specimens, 4 cases presented endometrial neoplasia (3 carcinoma and 1 atypical hyperplasia) in the subsequent specimens, all of which presented PPE of group 3 but not group 1 or 2 in the prior tissues (P < 0.01). The immunochemistry of 83 cases showed similar expressions of ER, PTEN, ARID1A, PTEN, p16, β-catenin, and p53 between PPE and the surrounding normal endometrium. Nearly 100% of PPE cases lost expressions of PR. A total of 2/83 cases showing PAX2 expression were all in the group 3 and correlated with endometrial neoplasia (2/17, 11.76%, P < 0.05). 76/83 (91.57%) of PPE lesions had KRAS mutations, and the distributions of which were similar among 3 groups. The frequency of mucinous metaplasia was significantly higher in the PPE lesions with KRAS mutations (72/74, 97.30%, P < 0.01). Group 3 showed higher frequency of single KRAS mutations compared with the combination of groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01). Finally, the concordance of KRAS mutation profiles between PPE and endometrial neoplasia was significantly higher in group 3 than either group 1 or 2 (P < 0.01), while no difference was found between group 1 and 2. Thus, a new 2-tier subdivision system only emphasizing the complexity of papillae is recommended, which might precisely predict the risk of endometrial neoplasia and neoplasia-related molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Kexuan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shunni Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ma
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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10
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Wang L, Lin S, Yang C, Cai S, Li W. Effect of KRAS mutations and p53 expression on the postoperative prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1905. [PMID: 35686701 PMCID: PMC9266597 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, p53 is an important regulator downstream of the MAPK signaling pathway and plays an important role in inhibiting abnormal proliferation signals generated by KRAS mutations. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between KRAS mutations and p53 expression and evaluate their prognosis values in colorectal cancer. Methods PCR technology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect KRAS mutation status and p53 expression level in 266 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Based on p53 expression level, these were divided into high expression and normal groups. Patients with KRAS mutations were divided into mutant and wild‐type groups. The two were combined with each other to analyze the relationship between patients' clinical data and their impact on the prognosis. Results KRAS mutations were found in 38.6% of the patients and 40.8% had a high p53 expression. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate of patients, with or without KRAS gene mutations, and p53 expression level. In the group of patients with KRAS mutations, the survival time of patients with a high p53 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with a normal p53 expression (p = 0.020, log‐rank test). Multivariate analysis showed that p53 high expression is an independent risk factor for the overall survival time of patients with KRAS mutations (HR = 2.330, 95% CI = 1.041–5.216, p < 0.05). Conclusion Colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutations with a high p53 expression have a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changshun Yang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxin Cai
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Methylation and Transcriptome to Identify PD-1-Negative Prognostic Methylated Signature in Endometrial Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3085289. [PMID: 35634444 PMCID: PMC9133896 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3085289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic mechanism plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma (EC). This study was designed to analyze the epigenetic mechanism between DNA methylation-driven genes (DEDGs) and drugs targeting DEDGs and to develop a DEDG score model for predicting the prognosis of EC. Methods Expression profile and methylation profile data of PD-1-negative EC samples were obtained from TCGA. To obtain intersected DEDGs, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes from tumor tissues and normal tissues were analyzed by limma. A linear discriminant classification model was constructed using the gene expression profile of DMDGs, methylation profile of TSS1500, TSS200, and gene body regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and ROC analysis were conducted. The protein-drug interactions analysis of DMDGs was performed using Network Analyst 3.0 tool. Lasso Cox regression analysis was used to screen prognostic DNA methylation driving gene and to build a risk score model. The ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were plotted to evaluate the model prediction capability. Results A total of 96 DMDGs were screened from the three regions, distributed on 22 chromosomes, with consistent methylation patterns in different gene regions. Both the expression profile and methylation profile of the three regions can neatly distinguish tumor samples from normal ones, with a high classifying performance. A gene signature, which consisted of ELFN1-AS1 and ZNF132, could classify EC patients into a high-risk group and low-risk group. Prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly worse than that of the low-risk group. The risk model showed a high performance in predicting the prognosis of EC. Conclusion We successfully established a risk score system with two DMDGs, which showed a high prediction accuracy of EC prognosis.
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12
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The Role of CTNNB1 in Endometrial Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1442441. [PMID: 35531470 PMCID: PMC9072012 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1442441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in the developed countries. Recent evidence suggests that histopathological subtyping together with molecular subgrouping can lead to more accurate assessment of the risk profile for the patient. Clinical studies suggest the currently used molecular classification improves the risk assessment of women with endometrial cancer but does not explain the differences in recurrence profiles clearly. This could be improved by novel markers. One of such are mutations in the β-catenin (CTNNB1) gene, a frequently mutated gene in endometrial cancer. This shows mutations mostly at phosphorylation sites of the β-catenin and almost exclusively in the endometrial subgroup of no specific molecular profile. CTNNB1 mutations lead to alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of EC by inducing transcription of target genes, whose function is to regulate the cell cycle. Although tumours with mutations in CTNNB1 tend to have low-risk characteristics, they are related to worse outcomes with significantly increased rate of disease recurrence and lower overall survival.
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13
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Shah K, Kazi JU. Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of WNT/Beta-Catenin Signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858782. [PMID: 35359365 PMCID: PMC8964056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling is a highly complex pathway that plays diverse roles in various cellular processes. While WNT ligands usually signal through their dedicated Frizzled receptors, the decision to signal in a β-catenin-dependent or -independent manner rests upon the type of co-receptors used. Canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-dependent, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling is β-catenin-independent according to the classical definition. This still holds true, albeit with some added complexity, as both the pathways seem to cross-talk with intertwined networks that involve the use of different ligands, receptors, and co-receptors. β-catenin can be directly phosphorylated by various kinases governing its participation in either canonical or non-canonical pathways. Moreover, the co-activators that associate with β-catenin determine the output of the pathway in terms of induction of genes promoting proliferation or differentiation. In this review, we provide an overview of how protein phosphorylation controls WNT/β-catenin signaling, particularly in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Julhash U. Kazi,
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14
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Tanos P, Dimitriou S, Gullo G, Tanos V. Biomolecular and Genetic Prognostic Factors That Can Facilitate Fertility-Sparing Treatment (FST) Decision Making in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer (ES-EC): A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2653. [PMID: 35269800 PMCID: PMC8910305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer occurs in up to 29% of women before 40 years of age. Seventy percent of these patients are nulliparous at the time. Decision making regarding fertility preservation in early stage endometrial cancer (ES-EC) is, therefore, a big challenge since the decision between the risk of cancer progression and a chance to parenthood needs to be made. Sixty-two percent of women with complete remission of ES-EC after fertility-sparing treatment (FST) report to have a pregnancy wish which, if not for FST, they would not be able to fulfil. The aim of this review was to identify and summarise the currently established biomolecular and genetic prognostic factors that can facilitate decision making for FST in ES-EC. A comprehensive search strategy was carried out across four databases; Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed; they were searched between March 1946 and 22nd December 2022. Thirty-four studies were included in this study which was conducted in line with the PRISMA criteria checklist. The final 34 articles encompassed 9165 patients. The studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). PTEN and POLE alterations we found to be good prognostic factors of ES-EC, favouring FST. MSI, CTNNB1, and K-RAS alterations were found to be fair prognostic factors of ES-EC, favouring FST but carrying a risk of recurrence. PIK3CA, HER2, ARID1A, P53, L1CAM, and FGFR2 were found to be poor prognostic factors of ES-EC and therefore do not favour FST. Clinical trials with bigger cohorts are needed to further validate the fair genetic prognostic factors. Using the aforementioned good and poor genetic prognostic factors, we can make more confident decisions on FST in ES-EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Tanos
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen & Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Savvas Dimitriou
- Aberdeen Fertility Centre, NHS Grampian and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- In Vitro Fertilization Unit (IVF Unit), Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti, Villa Sofia Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vasilios Tanos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia 2024, Cyprus;
- St. Georges’ Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
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15
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Kako TD, Kamal MZ, Dholakia J, Scalise CB, Arend RC. High-intermediate risk endometrial cancer: moving toward a molecularly based risk assessment profile. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:323-331. [PMID: 35038071 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the USA, endometrial cancer (EMCA) incidence is increasing as the risk factors of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension become more prevalent. Although most EMCA is detected at an early stage and surgical intervention is curative, a subset of patients termed 'high-intermediate risk' (H-IR) experience an increased rate of recurrence. Unfortunately, adjuvant therapies in patients with H-IR EMCA have yet to increase overall survival. Historically, stratification of these patients from their low-risk counterparts incorporated clinical and pathologic findings. However, due to developments in molecular testing and genomic sequencing, tumor biomarkers are now being incorporated into the risk-assessment criteria in the hope of finding molecular profile(s) that could highlight treatment regimens that will increase patient survival. Since modern research aims to accurately identify patients with a higher risk of recurrence and develop effective interventions to improve patient survival, these molecular-based analyses could allow for an enhanced understanding of a patient's true risk of recurrence to facilitate the rise of personalized medicine. This review summarizes key clinical trials and recent advances in molecular and genomic profiles that have influenced current treatment regimens for patients with H-IR EMCA and laid the foundation for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavonna D Kako
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Maahum Z Kamal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jhalak Dholakia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Carly B Scalise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, WTI 430 J, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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16
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Yu K, Wang Y. The Advance and Correlation of KRAS Mutation With the Fertility-Preservation Treatment of Endometrial Cancer in the Background of Molecular Classification Application. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609906. [PMID: 34975345 PMCID: PMC8716400 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The annually increasing incidence of endometrial cancer in younger women has created a growing demand for fertility preservation. However, the diverse therapeutic efficacy among patients under the same histological subtype and the same tumor grade suggests the potential interference of the innate molecular characteristics. The molecular classification has now been applied in clinical practice and might help to stratify the endometrial cancer patients and individualize the therapy, but the candidates for the fertility-spared treatment are most likely to be subdivided in the subgroup lacking the specific signature. KRAS mutation has been linked to the malignant transition of the endometrium, while its role in molecular classification and fertility preservation is vague. Here, we mainly review the advance of molecular classification and the role of KRAS in endometrial cancer, as well as their correlation with fertility-preservation treatment.
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17
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Fan G, Lou L, Song Z, Zhang X, Xiong XF. Targeting mutated GTPase KRAS in tumor therapies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113816. [PMID: 34520956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene (KRAS) mutation accounts for approximately 85% of RAS-driven cancers, and participates in multiple signaling pathways and mediates cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. KRAS has been considered as an "undruggable" target due to the lack of effective direct inhibitors, although high frequency of KRAS mutations have been identified in multiple carcinomas in the past decades. Encouragingly, the KRASG12C inhibitor AMG510 (sotorasib), which has been approved for treating NSCLC and CRC recently, makes directly targeting KRAS the most promising strategy for cancer therapy. To better understand the current state of KRAS inhibitors, this review summarizes the biological functions of KRAS, the structure-activity relationship studies of the small-molecule inhibitors that directly target KRAS, and highlights the therapeutic agents with improved selectivity, bioavailability and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the combined medication that can enhance efficacy and overcome drug resistance of KRAS covalent inhibitors is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Linlin Lou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhendong Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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18
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Gui T, Liu M, Yao B, Jiang H, Yang D, Li Q, Zeng X, Wang Y, Cao J, Deng Y, Li X, Xu P, Zhou L, Li D, Wang Z, Zen K, Huang DCS, Chen B, Wan G, Zhao Q. TCF3 is epigenetically silenced by EZH2 and DNMT3B and functions as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3316-3328. [PMID: 34175897 PMCID: PMC8630057 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC progression are still largely unknown, and chemotherapeutic options for EC patients are currently very limited. In this study, we found that histone methyltransferase EZH2 and DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B were upregulated in EC samples from patients, and promoted EC cell proliferation as evidenced by assays of cell viability, cell cycle, colony formation. Mechanistically, we found that EZH2 promoted EC cell proliferation by epigenetically repressing TCF3, a direct transcriptional activator of CCKN1A (p21WAF1/Cip1), in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that DNMT3B specifically methylated the TCF3 promoter, repressing TCF3 expression and accelerating EC cell proliferation independently of EZH2. Importantly, elevated expression of EZH2 or DNMT3B in EC patients inversely correlated with expression of TCF3 and p21, and was associated with shorter overall survival. We show that combined treatment with GSK126 and 5-Aza-2d treatment wit synergistically inhibited methyltransferase activity of EZH2 and DNMT3B, resulting in a profound block of EC cell proliferation as well as EC tumor progression in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. These findings reveal that TCF3 functions as a tumor suppressor epigenetically silenced by EZH2 and DNMT3B in EC, and support the notion that targeting the EZH2/DNMT3B/TCF3/p21 axis may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gui
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiqin Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongjun Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qixiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yexuan Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Dake Li
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Zen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C S Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bing Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guiping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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MiR-137 Targets the 3' Untranslated Region of MSH2: Potential Implications in Lynch Syndrome-Related Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184662. [PMID: 34572889 PMCID: PMC8470766 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch Repair (MMR) gene dysregulation plays a fundamental role in Lynch Syndrome (LS) pathogenesis, a form of hereditary colorectal cancer. Loss or overexpression of key MMR genes leads to genome instability and tumorigenesis; however, the mechanisms controlling MMR gene expression are unknown. One such gene, MSH2, exerts an important role, not only in MMR, but also in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control. In this study, we explored the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of increased MSH2 expression related to a c.*226A>G variant in the 3'untranslated (UTR) region of MSH2 that had been previously identified in a subject clinically suspected of LS. Bioinformatics identified a putative binding site for miR-137 in this region. To verify miRNA targeting specificity, we performed luciferase gene reporter assays using a MSH2 3'UTR psiCHECK-2 vector in human SW480 cells over-expressing miR-137, which showed a drastic reduction in luciferase activity (p > 0.0001). This effect was abolished by site-directed mutagenesis of the putative miR-137 seed site. Moreover, in these cells we observed that miR-137 levels were inversely correlated with MSH2 expression levels. These results were confirmed by results in normal and tumoral tissues from the patient carrying the 3'UTR c.*226A>G variant in MSH2. Finally, miR-137 overexpression in SW480 cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001), supporting a role for MSH2 in apoptosis and cell proliferation processes. Our findings suggest miR-137 helps control MSH2 expression via its 3'UTR and that dysregulation of this mechanism appears to promote tumorigenesis in colon cells.
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Li HY, Qi WL, Wang YX, Meng LH. Covalent inhibitor targets KRasG12C: A new paradigm for drugging the undruggable and challenges ahead. Genes Dis 2021; 10:403-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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21
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Kaneko E, Sato N, Sugawara T, Noto A, Takahashi K, Makino K, Terada Y. MLH1 promoter hypermethylation predicts poorer prognosis in mismatch repair deficiency endometrial carcinomas. J Gynecol Oncol 2021; 32:e79. [PMID: 34431253 PMCID: PMC8550932 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibody against mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D)-associated cancers have been reported. MMR-D is found in approximately 20%–30% of endometrial carcinomas (ECs) and frequently occurs due to MLH1 promoter hypermethylation (MLH1-PHM). ECs with MLH1-PHM are classified according to the molecular screening of Lynch syndrome (LS), but few detailed reports are available. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical features of EC with MLH1-PHM. Methods Immunohistochemistry of MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was performed on specimens from 527 ECs treated at our university hospital from 2003 to 2018. MLH1 methylation analysis was added to cases with MLH1/PMS2 loss. ECs were classified as follows: cases that retained MMR proteins as “MMR-proficient;” cases with MLH1/PMS2 loss and MLH1-PHM as “met-EC;” and cases with other MMR protein loss and MLH1/PMS2 loss without MLH1-PHM as “suspected-LS.” The clinical features, including long-term prognosis, of each group, were analyzed. Results Accordingly, 419 (79.5%), 65 (12.3%), and 43 (8.2%) cases were categorized as “MMR-proficient,” “suspected-LS,” and “met-EC,” respectively. Significantly, “met-EC” had a lower proportion of grade 1 tumors (37.5%) and a higher proportion of stage III/IV tumors (37.2%) than the other groups. The overall and progression-free survival of “met-EC” were significantly worse than those of “suspected-LS” in all cases. Conclusion In ECs with MMR-D, “met-ECs” were a subgroup with a poorer prognosis than “suspected-LS.” “Met-ECs” would be the main target for anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, and its clinical susceptibility should be verified individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enami Kaneko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tae Sugawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Aya Noto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazue Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiraka General Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Leung SOA, Foley O, Chapel D, Da Silva A, Nucci M, Muto MG, Campos S. Next-Generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Lesions: Reclassification of a Glioblastoma as an Endometrial Cancer Metastasis to the Brain. Oncologist 2021; 26:e2102-e2109. [PMID: 34355460 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the U.S., but metastasis to the brain is rare, and diagnosis can be challenging. Traditional tools for determining if a tumor is a primary or metastatic lesion include pan-imaging, histopathologic studies, and immunohistochemistry. Molecular testing with next-generation sequencing has been increasingly used to augment these tests. We present a case of a patient who initially presented with a brain lesion diagnosed as glioblastoma on histology and immunohistochemistry, but whose diagnosis was later changed to metastasis from an endometrial primary based on molecular findings. The two tumors shared a common microsatellite instability signature and 51 DNA variants, including oncogenic driver mutations KRAS p.G13D, PIK3CA p.E545A, and PTEN p.I135V and p.K267Rfs*9. This highlights the power of molecular analysis in making the diagnosis in cases of rare metastases. KEY POINTS: Brain metastasis from endometrial primary is rare, and histopathological features may be augmented with molecular analysis to aid in diagnosis. Comparison of the molecular makeup of the primary endometrial lesion with the metastatic lesion may reveal high-risk molecular features that may be indicative of metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk On Annie Leung
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Foley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Chapel
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Annacarolina Da Silva
- Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marisa Nucci
- Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael G Muto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susana Campos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Urpilainen E, Ahtikoski A, Arima R, Puistola U, Karihtala P. No Association Between Statin Use and the Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer in Women With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621180. [PMID: 34054515 PMCID: PMC8155720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested statins have antiproliferative and anti-metastatic effects on endometrial cancer cells. Similarly, most previous epidemiological studies have reported a better prognosis of endometrial cancer in patients who used statins. In this study, we explored the role of statins in the prognosis of endometrial cancer in women with type 2 diabetes in a hospital-based cohort. This retrospective cohort consisted of 119 women with type 2 diabetes who were diagnosed and treated for endometrial cancer at Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between 2007 and 2014. The patients were classified as statin users (n = 58) and nonusers (n = 61) based on the type of medication they were using at the time of endometrial cancer diagnosis. Statin use showed no association with progression-free survival or overall survival in the whole cohort nor the subgroups with type I or type II histology, in lower or higher body mass index groups, or at an early or advanced stage. The results remained similar in the multivariate analysis after adjusting for the patient's age, cancer stage, and histology. Furthermore, statin use seemed not to have any association with most of the prognostic factors at the time of endometrial cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Urpilainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Ahtikoski
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Arima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ulla Puistola
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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A ten-gene methylation signature as a novel biomarker for improving prediction of prognosis and indicating gene targets in endometrial cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:2032-2044. [PMID: 33915245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common female reproductive tumor worldwide. Nonetheless, the pathogenesis of EC still remains ambiguous and associated epigenetic mechanism still to be explored. The goal of this study is to investigate whether gene methylation signature is associated with overall survival (OS) for EC patients. In this study, a 10-gene methylation risk model was built and the OS in high- and low-risk groups was significant different. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of this model was 0.856 at 5 years survival. The nomogram could accurately predict the OS in EC patients, with concordance index and AUC at 5 year survival reached 0.796 and 0.792, respectively. Furthermore, we verified the nomogram with 24 patients in our center and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve also proved to be significantly different (p < 0.01). WGCNA revealed a key gene group for the model and further bioinformatics analysis indicated 6 genes as the hub genes in the module. Knockdown of MMP12 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of EC cells. After all, a methylation signature and a nomogram based on this signature were constructed, and they could both predict survival in patients with EC. Moreover, WGCNA model identified MMP12 as a potential target for the treatment of EC.
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25
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Fu K, Li Y, Song J, Cai W, Wu W, Ye X, Xu J. Identification of a MicroRNA Signature Associated With Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Endometrioid Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:650102. [PMID: 33936173 PMCID: PMC8082502 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.650102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important prognostic factor in endometrial cancer. Anomalous microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cell functions and are becoming a powerful tool to characterize malignant transformation and metastasis. The aim of this study was to construct a miRNA signature to predict LNM in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC). Method Candidate target miRNAs related to LNM in EEC were screened by three methods including differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and decision tree algorithms. Samples were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts. A miRNA signature was built using a logistic regression model and was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). We also conducted pathway enrichment analysis and miRNA-gene regulatory network to look for potential genes and pathways engaged in LNM progression. Survival analysis was performed, and the miRNAs were tested whether they expressed differently in another independent GEO database. Result Thirty-one candidate miRNAs were screened and a final 15-miRNA signature was constructed by logistic regression. The model showed good calibration in the training and validation cohorts, with AUC of 0.824 (95% CI, 0.739-0.912) and 0.821 (95% CI, 0.691-0.925), respectively. The DCA demonstrated the miRNA signature was clinically useful. Hub miRNAs in signature seemed to contribute to EEC progression via mitotic cell cycle, cellular protein modification process, and molecular function. MiR-34c was statistically significant in survival that a higher expression of miR-34c indicated a higher survival time. MiR-34c-3p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-34b-5p were expressed differentially in GSE75968. Conclusion The miRNA signature could work as a noninvasive method to detect LNM in EEC with a high prediction accuracy. In addition, miR-34c cluster may be a key biomarker referring LNM in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyou Fu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Women's hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Li
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyuan Song
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangyu Cai
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Ye
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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An miRNA signature associated with tumor mutation burden in endometrial cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226887. [PMID: 33141168 PMCID: PMC7670578 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is an essential biomarker to predict immunotherapy response. TMB measurement was mainly evaluated by whole-exome sequencing (WES), which was costly and difficult to be widely applied. In the present study, we aimed to establish and validate a miRNA signature to predict TMB level in endometrial cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MiRNA expression and somatic mutation profiles of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) were downloaded from TCGA database. Total 518 patients with UCEC were randomly classified into training set (n=311) and validation set (n=207). Thirty-five differentially expressed miRNAs between high-TMB and low-TMB group were identified in training set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was performed to select out 26 miRNAs to establish the optimal signature. The accuracy of the miRNA signature for predicting TMB level was 0.833 for training set, 0.749 for validation set and 0.799 for total set. Moreover, the miRNA signature had significant correlation with immune checkpoints related genes (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) and mismatch repair related genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH6) expression. In conclusion, this miRNA signature could predict TMB level in endometrial cancer and might have some merits in providing guidance for immunotherapy in endometrial cancer.
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27
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Watanabe T, Nanamiya H, Kojima M, Nomura S, Furukawa S, Soeda S, Tanaka D, Isogai T, Imai JI, Watanabe S, Fujimori K. Clinical relevance of oncogenic driver mutations identified in endometrial carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101010. [PMID: 33450701 PMCID: PMC7810788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive somatic mutations profiling in endometrial carcinoma. Relationships between somatic mutations and clinicopathological characteristics. Relatiohship between FBXW7 mutation and vascular invasion in endometrial carcinoma. FGFR2 mutations are related with deep myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma.
Purpose Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by a number of different histological subtypes, and its heterogeneity may be involved in the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. The aim of this work was to investigate the comprehensive mutational profile of EC tumors, and examine the associations between somatic mutations and clinicopathological features or survival in EC patients. Methods A total of 100 surgical tumors were obtained from EC patients who had previously undergone surgery. Genomic DNA samples extracted from fresh-frozen tissues were analyzed using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 Kit, covering 50 tumor-related genes. Results Validated mutations were detected in 91 of the 100 tumors (91%) and identified in eight of the most frequently mutated genes, namely PTEN (57%), PIK3CA (51%), TP53 (30%), KRAS (23%), CTNNB1 (21%), FBFR2 (13%), FBXW7(10%) and RB1 (9%). PTEN mutations were found to associated with young age (< 60), early-stage, endometrioid histology, non-recurrence and better overall survival (OS). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with young age, endometrioid histology and better OS. On the other hands, TP53 mutations were associated with late-stage, non-endometrioid histology, high-grade, recurrence and worse OS. FBWX7 mutations were associated with late-stage, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. FGFR2 mutations correlated with deep (≥ 1/2) myometrial invasion. Conclusion Our comprehensive mutational profile will be useful for understanding and evaluating the molecular characteristics of EC tumors, and may lead to the establishment of novel treatment strategies that improve the survival of patients with EC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Nanamiya
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigenori Furukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takao Isogai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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28
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Li X, Yin F, Fan Y, Cheng Y, Dong Y, Zhou J, Wang Z, Li X, Wang J. Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram based on a novel five-DNA methylation signature for survival in endometrial cancer patients. Cancer Med 2020; 10:693-708. [PMID: 33350104 PMCID: PMC7877372 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the prognostic role of DNA methylation pattern in endometrial cancer (EC) patients. Methods Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) of EC patients with distinct survival from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed to identify methylated genes as biomarkers for EC prognosis. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) analysis was used to construct a risk score model. A nomogram was built based on analysis combining the risk score model with clinicopathological signatures together, and then verified in the validation cohort and patients in our own center. Results In total, 157 DMGs were identified between different prognostic groups. Based on the LASSO analysis, five genes (GBP4, OR8K3, GABRA2, RIPPLY2, and TRBV5‐7) were screened for the establishment of risk score model. The model outperformed in prognostic accuracy at varying follow‐up times (AUC for 3 years: 0.824, 5 years: 0.926, and 7 years: 0.853). Multivariate analysis identified four independent risk factors including menopausal status (HR = 3.006, 95%CI: 1.062–8.511, p = 0.038), recurrence (HR = 2.116, 95%CI: 1.061–4.379, p = 0.046), lymph node metastasis (LNM, HR = 3.465, 95%CI: 1.225–9.807, p = 0.019), and five‐DNA methylation risk model (HR = 3.654, 95%CI: 1.458–9.161, p = 0.006) in training cohort. The performance of the nomogram was good in the training (AUC = 0.828), validation (AUC = 0.866) and the whole cohorts (AUC = 0.843). Furthermore, we verified the nomogram with 24 patients in our center and the Kaplan–Meier survival curve also proved to be significantly different (p < 0.01). The subgroup analysis in different stratifications indicated that the accuracy was high in different subgroups for age, histological type, tumor grade, and clinical stage (all p < 0.01). Conclusions Briefly, our work established and verified a five‐DNA methylation risk model, and a nomogram merging the model with clinicopathological characteristics to facilitate individual prediction of EC patients for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fufen Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders Diseases, Beijing, China
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Sorolla MA, Parisi E, Sorolla A. Determinants of Sensitivity to Radiotherapy in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1906. [PMID: 32679719 PMCID: PMC7409033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the cornerstone treatments for endometrial cancer and has successfully diminished the risk of local recurrences after surgery. However, a considerable percentage of patients suffers tumor relapse due to radioresistance mechanisms. Knowledge about the molecular determinants that confer radioresistance or radiosensitivity in endometrial cancer is still partial, as opposed to other cancers. In this review, we have highlighted different central cellular signaling pathways and processes that are known to modulate response to radiotherapy in endometrial cancer such as PI3K/AKT, MAPK and NF-κB pathways, growth factor receptor signaling, DNA damage repair mechanisms and the immune system. Moreover, we have listed different clinical trials employing targeted therapies against some of the aforementioned signaling pathways and members with radiotherapy. Finally, we have identified the latest advances in radiotherapy that have started being utilized in endometrial cancer, which include modern radiotherapy and radiogenomics. New molecular and genetic studies in association with the analysis of radiation responses in endometrial cancer will assist clinicians in taking suitable decisions for each individual patient and pave the path for personalized radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute (IRB Lleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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30
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Next-generation sequencing analysis of endometrial screening liquid-based cytology specimens: a comparative study to tissue specimens. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:101. [PMID: 32652986 PMCID: PMC7353725 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is now a widely used method for cytologic screening and cancer diagnosis. Since the cells are fixed with alcohol-based fixatives, and the specimens are stored in a liquid condition, LBC specimens are suitable for genetic analyses. Methods Here, we established a small cancer gene panel, including 60 genes and 17 microsatellite markers for next-generation sequencing, and applied to residual LBC specimens obtained by endometrial cancer screening to compare with corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Results A total of 49 FFPE and LBC specimens (n = 24) were analyzed, revealing characteristic mutations for endometrial cancer, including PTEN, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 mutations. Eight cases had higher scores for both tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), which agree with defective mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. Paired endometrial LBC, and biopsied and/or resected FFPE tissues from 7 cases, presented almost identical mutations, TMB, and MSI profiles in all cases. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that our ad hoc cancer gene panel enabled the detection of therapeutically actionable gene mutations in endometrial LBC and FFPE specimens. Endometrial cancer LBC specimens offer an alternative and affordable source of molecular testing materials.
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31
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Qi Y, Tan M, Zheng M, Jin S, Wang H, Liu J, Wang P, Nie X, Gao L, Lin B. Estrogen/estrogen receptor promotes the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells by enhancing hMOF expression. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:241-253. [PMID: 31990345 PMCID: PMC7061248 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to analyse the expression of human MOF in endometrial carcinoma cells and its relationship with estrogen and estrogen receptor and to investigate the effect of estrogen-human MOF on the malignant biological behaviours of endometrial carcinoma cells. METHODS The expression of human MOF was detected in different endometrial tissues by immunohistochemistry. The effects of human MOF, human MOF combined with estrogen stimulation and estrogen plus anti-human MOF antibody blocking on the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells were evaluated by western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation assay and cell cycle distribution. Bioinformatics was used to identify the correlations of human MOF and estrogen and involved pathways. RESULTS The expression levels of human MOF in endometrial carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrial tissues. High expression of human MOF was associated with late-stage cancer, lymph node metastasis and short survival time, and it was also an independent prognostic risk factor for endometrial carcinoma. After human MOF knockdown, the proliferation, migration and invasive capacity of Ishikawa cells decreased and cell apoptosis increased. After stimulation with estrogen, the PI3K/Akt and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signalling pathways were activated, and the expression of the human MOF protein was increased. human MOF (KAT8) expression showed a positive correlation with ESR1 expression, and KAT8-associated genes were enriched in the cell cycle pathways and splicing pathways. CONCLUSION Human MOF was highly expressed in endometrial carcinoma and associated with proliferation. Estrogen/estrogen receptor enhanced human MOF expression; promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of Ishikawa cells; and inhibited cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingzi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peiyao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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32
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Current and future approaches to screening for endometrial cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 65:79-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Endometrial microRNAs and their aberrant expression patterns. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 53:131-140. [PMID: 32350620 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They play fundamental roles in several biological processes, including cell differentiation and proliferation, embryo development, organ development, and organ metabolism. Besides regulating the physiological processes, miRNAs regulate various pathological conditions such as tumors, metastases, metabolic diseases, and osteoporosis. Although several studies have been performed on miRNAs, only few studies have described the miRNA expression and functions in human reproductive tract tissues. During menstruation, the human endometrium undergoes extensive cyclic morphological and biochemical modifications before embryo implantation. In addition to the ovarian steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone), endometrial autocrine or paracrine factors and embryo-derived signals play a significant role in endometrial functions. miRNAs are considered key regulators of gene expression in the human endometrium and implantation process, and their aberrant expression levels are associated with the development of various disorders, including tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the studies that show the role of miRNAs in regulating the physiological conditions of the endometrium and the implantation process and discuss the aberrant expression of miRNAs in ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, and endometrial cancer.
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34
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Yang F, Liu D, Deng Y, Wang J, Mei S, Ge S, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang T. Frequent promoter methylation of HOXD10 in endometrial carcinoma and its pathological significance. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3602-3608. [PMID: 32269635 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox D 10 (HOXD10) is important in cell differentiation and morphogenesis and serves as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in a number of malignancies. The present study investigated its promoter methylation status and association with the clinicopathological features of endometrial cancer (EC), and measured HOXD10 protein expression levels. EC samples (n=62), including 50 endometroid adenocarcinoma (EA) and 12 mucinous endometrial carcinoma samples (EC) and 70 non-cancerous samples were collected. All samples were evaluated for the methylation status of several TSGs, including HOXD10, using methylation-specific PCR. HOXD10 expression level was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment was performed in the EC cell line Ishikawa to observe the change in HOXD10 expression levels. HOXD10 promoter methylation was more frequent in cancer samples (P<0.001). Downregulation of HOXD10 in EC samples was confirmed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry (P<0.001) and immunohistochemical staining was negatively associated with methylation status (P<0.05). Less HOXD10 protein was expressed in MEC compared with EA samples (P<0.001). The HOXD10 promoter was hypermethylated in both EA and MEC, causing decreased HOXD10 protein expression levels in EC cells. HOXD10 expression levels were partially reversed by 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. The results of the present study demonstrated that epigenetic silencing of HOXD10 putatively contributed to the tumorigenesis of EA. Although there was no significant difference in HOXD10 methylation between EA and MEC, HOXD10 protein expression levels differed between these two diseases, indicating that it may be a useful protein biomarker for distinguishing between these two lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Deng
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Mei
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Ahmed AA, Adam Essa ME. Epigenetic alterations in female urogenital organs cancer: Premise, properties, and perspectives. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bafligil C, Thompson DJ, Lophatananon A, Smith MJ, Ryan NA, Naqvi A, Evans DG, Crosbie EJ. Association between genetic polymorphisms and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review. J Med Genet 2020; 57:591-600. [PMID: 32066633 PMCID: PMC7476276 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Endometrial cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women. Although there is a hereditary component to endometrial cancer, most cases are thought to be sporadic and lifestyle related. The aim of this study was to systematically review prospective and retrospective case–control studies, meta-analyses and genome-wide association studies to identify genomic variants that may be associated with endometrial cancer risk. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL from 2007 to 2019 without restrictions. We followed PRISMA 2009 guidelines. The search yielded 3015 hits in total. Following duplicate exclusion, 2674 abstracts were screened and 453 full-texts evaluated based on our pre-defined screening criteria. 149 articles were eligible for inclusion. Results We found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HNF1B, KLF, EIF2AK, CYP19A1, SOX4 and MYC were strongly associated with incident endometrial cancer. Nineteen variants were reported with genome-wide significance and a further five with suggestive significance. No convincing evidence was found for the widely studied MDM2 variant rs2279744. Publication bias and false discovery rates were noted throughout the literature. Conclusion Endometrial cancer risk may be influenced by SNPs in genes involved in cell survival, oestrogen metabolism and transcriptional control. Larger cohorts are needed to identify more variants with genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemsel Bafligil
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Miriam J Smith
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Aj Ryan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anie Naqvi
- University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Casas-Arozamena C, Abal M. Endometrial Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:215-225. [PMID: 34185295 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological tumour in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing in part due to the prevalence of obesity and its related hormone dysregulation. As described in this chapter, the tumour microenvironment plays a principal role in unopposed oestrogen stimulation promoting tumour cell proliferation. Factors and cytokines secreted by the different cell types defining the reactive tumour stroma also determine the invasive abilities of the tumour cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-associated macrophages actively participate through SDF-1, TGF-b or HGF to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or to generate an appropriate tumour niche. Likewise, endothelial cells facilitate lymph node and vascular infiltration through VEGF. Finally, the possibility to balance the immunosuppressive phenotypes in advanced endometrial cancer through the tumour microenvironment will probably represent a main therapeutic strategy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Casas-Arozamena
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: Fusion genes may play an important role in tumorigenesis, prognosis, and drug resistance; however, studies on fusion genes in endometrial cancer (EC) are rare. This study aimed to identify new fusion genes and to explore their clinical significance in EC. Methods: A total of 28 patients diagnosed with EC were enrolled in this study. RNA sequencing was used to obtain entire genomes and transcriptomes. STAR-comparison and STAR-fusion prediction were applied to predict the fusion genes. Chi-square tests and Student t tests were used to verify the clinical significance with SPSS 13.0 software. Results: New fusion genes were found, and the number of fusion genes varied from 3 to 110 among all patients with EC. The type of fusion genes varied and included messenger RNA (mRNA)-mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-lncRNA, and lncRNA-mRNA. There were six fusion genes with high fusion rates, namely, RP11–123O10.4–GRIP1, RP11–444D3.1–SOX5, RP11–680G10.1–GSE1, NRIP1–AF127936.7, RP11–96H19.1–RP11–446N19.1, and DPH7–PTP4A3. Further studies showed that these fusion genes are related to stage, grade, and recurrence, in which NRIP1–AF127936.7 and DPH7–PTP4A3 were found only in stage III patients with EC. DPH7–PTP4A3 was found in grades 2 and 3, and recurrent patients with EC. Conclusion: Fusion genes play an essential role in EC. Six genes that are overexpressed with high fusion rates are identified. NRIP1–AF127936.7 and DPH7–PTP4A3 might be related to stage, and DPH7–PTP4A3 be related to grade and recurrence.
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Ma X, Feng J, Lu M, Tang W, Han J, Luo X, Zhao Q, Yang L. microRNA-501-5p promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer by downregulating LPAR1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1911-1922. [PMID: 31746031 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the achievement in treatment, the gastric cancer (GC) mortality still remains high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play a crucial part in tumor progression. In this study, we explored the expression and function of microRNA-501-5p (miR-501-5p) in GC cell lines. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay results suggested that miR-501-5p was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. And, the Cell Counting Kit-8 colony formation and cell migration assay results showed that the downregulation of miR-501-5p decreased GC cell proliferation and migration. Besides that, we found that GC cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase and cell apoptosis rate was increased by silencing the expression of miR-501-5p in GC cell lines using the flow cytometry. We also found that miR-501-5p could directly target lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) and negatively regulate LPAR1 expression in GC cell lines by performing dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot analysis. And, LPAR1 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and inversely correlated with miR-501-5p expression. Furthermore, LPAR1 downregulation promoted cell proliferation and migration, which were attenuated by cotransfection of miR-501-5p inhibitor in GC cells. In conclusion, miR-501-5p can promote GC cell proliferation and migration by targeting and downregulating LPAR1. miR-501-5p/LPAR1 may become a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Newborn Infants, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - XiaGang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Is antidyslipidemic statin use for cancer prevention a promising drug repositioning approach? Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 28:562-567. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Birkett N, Al-Zoughool M, Bird M, Baan RA, Zielinski J, Krewski D. Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 22:288-359. [PMID: 31631808 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1643539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the carcinogenic mechanisms for 109 Group 1 human carcinogens identified as causes of human cancer through Volume 106 of the IARC Monographs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluates human, experimental and mechanistic evidence on agents suspected of inducing cancer in humans, using a well-established weight of evidence approach. The monographs provide detailed mechanistic information about all carcinogens. Carcinogens with closely similar mechanisms of action (e.g. agents emitting alpha particles) were combined into groups for the review. A narrative synopsis of the mechanistic profiles for the 86 carcinogens or carcinogen groups is presented, based primarily on information in the IARC monographs, supplemented with a non-systematic review. Most carcinogens included a genotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Birkett
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mustafa Al-Zoughool
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Bird
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert A Baan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jan Zielinski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada
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Waheed S, Cheng RY, Casablanca Y, Maxwell GL, Wink DA, Syed V. Nitric Oxide Donor DETA/NO Inhibits the Growth of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Upregulating the Expression of RASSF1 and CDKN1A. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203722. [PMID: 31623109 PMCID: PMC6832369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in several biological processes, including cancer progression. At low concentrations, it promotes cell survival and tumor progression, and at high concentrations it causes apoptosis and cell death. Until now, the impact of NO donors has not been investigated on human endometrial tumors. Four cancer cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of DETA/NO for 24 to 120 h. The effects of DETA/NO on cell proliferation and invasion were determined utilizing MTS and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. The DETA/NO induced a dose and time-dependent reduction in cell viability by the activation of caspase-3 and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase that was associated with the attenuated expression of cyclin-D1 and D3. Furthermore, the reduction in the amount of CD133-expressing cancer stem-like cell subpopulation was observed following DETA/NO treatment of cells, which was associated with a decreased expression of stem cell markers and attenuation of cell invasiveness. To understand the mechanisms by which DETA/NO elicits anti-cancer effects, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to ascertain alterations in the transcriptomes of human endometrial cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 14 of the top 21 differentially expressed genes were upregulated and seven were downregulated in endometrial cancer cells with DETA/NO. The genes that were upregulated in all four cell lines with DETA/NO were the tumor suppressors Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1) and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The expression patterns of these genes were confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, the results provide the first evidence in support of the anti-cancer effects of DETA/NO in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Waheed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Robert Ys Cheng
- Molecular Mechanism Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Yovanni Casablanca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
| | - David A Wink
- Molecular Mechanism Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Tang FH, Chang WA, Tsai EM, Tsai MJ, Kuo PL. Investigating Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma using Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatic Approaches. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1338-1348. [PMID: 31692912 PMCID: PMC6818189 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, affecting more than 300,000 women annually. Dysregulated gene expression, especially those mediated by microRNAs, play important role in the development and progression of cancer. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed genes in endometrial adenocarcinoma using next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics. The gene expression profiles and microRNA profiles of endometrial adenocarcinoma (cancer part) and normal endometrial tissue (non-cancer part) were assessed with NGS. We identified 56 significantly dysregulated genes, including 47 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes, in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Most of these genes were associated with defense response, response to stimulus, and immune system process, and further pathway analysis showed that human papillomavirus infection was the most significant pathway in endometrial adenocarcinoma. In addition, these genes were also associated with decreased cell death and survival as well as increased cellular movement. The analyses using Human Protein Atlas, identified 6 genes (PEG10, CLDN1, ASS1, WNT7A, GLDC, and RSAD2) significantly associated with poorer prognosis and 3 genes (SFN, PIGR, and CDKN1A) significantly associated with better prognosis. Combining with the data of microRNA profiles using microRNA target predicting tools, two significantly dysregulated microRNA-mediated gene expression changes in endometrial adenocarcinoma were identified: downregulated hsa-miR-127-5p with upregulated CSTB and upregulated hsa-miR-218-5p with downregulated HPGD. These findings may contribute important new insights into possible novel diagnostic or therapeutic strategies for endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hsiang Tang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Kumar R, Paul AM, Rameshwar P, Pillai MR. Epigenetic Dysregulation at the Crossroad of Women's Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081193. [PMID: 31426393 PMCID: PMC6721458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasingly number of women of all age groups are affected by cancer, despite substantial progress in our understanding of cancer pathobiology, the underlying genomic alterations and signaling cascades, and cellular-environmental interactions. Though our understanding of women’s cancer is far more complete than ever before, there is no comprehensive model to explain the reasons behind the increased incidents of certain reproductive cancer among older as well as younger women. It is generally suspected that environmental and life-style factors affecting hormonal and growth control pathways might help account for the rise of women’s cancers in younger age, as well, via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic regulators play an important role in orchestrating an orderly coordination of cellular signals in gene activity in response to upstream signaling and/or epigenetic modifiers present in a dynamic extracellular milieu. Here we will discuss the broad principles of epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA methylation in women’s cancers in the context of gene expression, hormonal action, and the EGFR family of cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. We anticipate that a better understanding of the epigenetics of women’s cancers may provide new regulatory leads and further fuel the development of new epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Graduate Degree Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
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Ghazanfari T, Asaadi Tehrani G, Maziri P. The Relationship between the Methylation of Promoter Regions of Tumor Suppressor Genes PTEN and APC with Endometrial Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2259-2265. [PMID: 31450893 PMCID: PMC6852804 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometrial neoplasms is one of the most typical gynecologic diseases with harmful effects. Promoter hypermethylation is an important mechanism of the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in endometrial neoplasms. Epigenetic changes of the PTEN and APC genes have shown to be present in various cancers. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the association between the promoter hypermethylation of PTEN and APC genes with endometrial neoplasms. Methods: For this study, 28 patients with endometrial neoplasms as well as 22 controls were studied. Analysis of the promoter methylation regions of PTEN and APC genes were performed by Methylation-Specific PCR. Results: The frequency of PTEN and APC genes promoter methylation was 28.57% and 17.86% in tumor tissues, and 11.54% and 3.85% in blood samples, respectively. We found a significant relationship between blood and tissue in PTEN methylation (p = 0.0353). Additionally, we determined a closely significant difference between normal tissue and tumor tissue of the PTEN gene (p = 0.0787) and blood and tissue samples of the APC gene in methylated promoter regions (p=0.0623). Furthermore, these results suggest that there is no significant relationship between the promoter methylation of PTEN and APC with clinical characteristics. Conclusion: DNA methylation deficiency is a well known highlighted factor in tumorigenesis, therefore the promoter hypermethylation of PTEN and APC can be indicated as a risk factor in endometrial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Ghazanfari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Golnaz Asaadi Tehrani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maziri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
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Downregulation of miR-424 in placenta is associated with severe preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 17:109-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Wu AY, Hu Y, Cang W, Li D, Wang WJ, Tian Q, Gu LY, Zhang N, Ji F, Qiu LH. Suppressive effect of microRNA-449a on the NDRG1/PTEN/AKT axis regulates endometrial cancer growth and metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111468. [PMID: 31201812 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Database screening indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Among these miRNAs, miR-449a might be involved in tumorigenesis and lower expression of miR-449a was associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of miR-449a and its underlying molecular mechanism in endometrial cancer (EC) has not been investigated. In this study, our analysis found that miR-449a expression is inversely correlated with the stage of EC. Downregulation of miR-449a was correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in the EC patients. Results of functional analyses revealed that overexpression of miR-449a in human EC cells alleviated cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Conversely, loss of miR-449a in EC cancer cells facilitated all these cellular activities. Moreover, we identified N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) as a direct and functional target gene of miR-449a in EC cells, and the expression of NDRG1 in 87 EC specimens were inversely correlated with that of miR-449a. Additionally, further studies show that the down-regulation of NDRG1 expression inhibited proliferation and metastasis of EC cells through the PTEN/AKT pathway. Therefore, these results suggest that miR-449a suppresses the growth and metastasis of EC by directly targeting the NDRG1 gene and that the activation of miR-449a may represent an effective therapeutic strategy in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei Cang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Qi Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Li-Ying Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Li-Hua Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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48
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α-bisabolol enhances radiotherapy-induced apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells by reducing the effect of XIAP on inhibiting caspase-3. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190696. [PMID: 31127027 PMCID: PMC6558724 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in females. Although the diagnosis and treatment in early stages can greatly improve the survival rate of patients, the advanced EC still is lethal. Radiotherapy is widely used against EC, and it is a great challenge to find an effective way to overcome the resistance of EC during radiotherapy. α-bisabolol is a promising drug, which has already exhibited its anti-tumor effect in some malignancies. Here we reported that α-bisabolol could inhibit the proliferation of EC cells. It is also shown that their abilities of migration and invasion were effectively reduced by α-bisabolol. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that α-bisabolol could improve sensitivity of EC cells in radiotherapy and further inhibited the growth of EC cells. By Western blot, we found the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and cyclin E were significantly decreased, which indicated that EC cells can be further suppressed by using α-bisabolol and radiotherapy. It is also demonstrated in our study that the rate of apoptotic cells is markedly increased in EC by using these two treatments. The significant decrease in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and increase in caspase-3 detected in our study suggested that the enhancement of apoptosis is mediated by XIAP/caspase-3 pathway, which was further confirmed by examining the downstream effectors of caspase-3, COX-2, PARP and cleaved PARP. In the present study, we demonstrated that α-bisabolol could enhance the sensitivity of EC cells to radiotherapy, which provide a novel alternative for overcoming radioresistance of EC cells and achieving a better outcome in radiotherapy.
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49
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Wei Y, Feng Y, Zheng W, Zhang Z. Metformin sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to progestin by targeting TET1 to downregulate glyoxalase I expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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50
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El Khoury D, Matar R, Touma T. Curcumin and endometrial carcinoma: an old spice as a novel agent. Int J Womens Health 2019; 11:249-256. [PMID: 31354362 PMCID: PMC6586219 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s194262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the clinically major gynecological cancers is endometrial carcinoma that develops from the lining of the uterus. During the past years, different approaches have been developed to treat endometrial carcinoma, among which natural herbal medicine has recently faired as an effective method. The yellow Indian spice known as curcumin has been extolled for its healing powers and has recently been adopted for investigation by the scientific community as a potent anti-cancerous agent. This review focuses on the effect of curcumin on endometrial cancer (EC) and its role in specific pathways involved in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala El Khoury
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon,
| | - Rana Matar
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon,
| | - Tina Touma
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon,
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