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Hsu J, Mernitz S. The role of romantic relationships for sexual minority young adults' depressive symptoms: Does relationship type matter? SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2024; 122:103049. [PMID: 39216913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sexual minority young adults consistently report higher rates of depression than heterosexual young adults. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines if types of romantic relationships provide mental health benefits for lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Further, analyses distinguish between same- and different-sex unions to help determine which relationship types offer the most mental health benefits. The results show that marriage is linked to fewer depressive symptoms for gay and lesbian young adults, compared to being unpartnered or in a dating relationship. Further, same-sex unions are associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but not different-sex unions. Yet, bisexual respondents' depressive symptoms are not associated with romantic relationships, regardless of relationship type. The results suggest that it is important to address the stigma surrounding sexual minority status and same-sex relationships to improve the burden of depressive symptoms on sexual minority young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Hsu
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| | - Sara Mernitz
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Mernitz S, Hsu J, Pollitt A. Timing of a First Romantic Union Among Sexual Minority Young Adults. Demography 2024; 61:879-899. [PMID: 38775469 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11380562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cohabitation and marriage are critical milestones during the transition to adulthood; however, there is limited research on the timing of young adults' first same-sex unions. There is some evidence that same-sex unions may be delayed, particularly for men. Further, formation of both same- and different-sex dating relationships, common among sexual minority young adults, may also extend to cohabitation and marriage. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to predict the timing of a first romantic union, defined as a cohabitation or marriage, among sexual minority young adults. We then distinguished between women and men and the timing of a different-sex versus a same-sex union. Compared with heterosexual young adults, lesbian and gay young adults entered a union at later ages (driven by men), whereas bisexual young adults entered a union at younger ages (driven by women). Lesbian and gay young adults who entered a first union with a same-sex partner did so at later ages than those who entered a first union with a different-sex partner. Results suggest that patterns of sexual minority dating relationship formation might extend to unions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mernitz
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Hsu
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Pollitt
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Christiansen SG, Kravdal Ø. Union Status and Disability Pension. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2023; 39:21. [PMID: 37401991 PMCID: PMC10319698 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-023-09670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A lot is known about the association between marital status and mortality, and some of these studies have included data on cohabitation. Studies on the association with health problems, rather than mortality, are often based on self-reported health outcomes, and results from these studies are mixed. As cohabitation is now widespread, more studies that include data on cohabitation are needed. We use Norwegian register data that include detailed information about union status and all cases of disability pensioning from 2005 to 2016. We employ Cox regression analysis and a within-family design in order to control for hard to measure childhood characteristics. Compared to the married, the cohabiting have a somewhat higher risk of receiving disability pension due to mental disorders, and for men also due to physical disorders. Receipt of disability pension is most common among the never married, especially for men. The association between union status and disability pensioning is stronger for mental than for physical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Glestad Christiansen
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Kravdal
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mokaya AG, Kikuvi GM, Mutai J, Khasakhala LI, Memiah P. Predictors of depression among adolescents joining selected public secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aggrey G. Mokaya
- Training Programs, Graduate School Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
- Environmental Health Research Unit Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya
| | - Gideon M. Kikuvi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya
| | - Joseph Mutai
- Training Programs, Graduate School Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
- Environmental Health Research Unit Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
| | | | - Peter Memiah
- Masters in Global Health Program University of Maryland Graduate School Baltimore Maryland USA
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Arocho R. Changes in expectations to marry and to divorce across the transition to adulthood. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2021; 9:217-228. [PMID: 33986972 PMCID: PMC8112162 DOI: 10.1177/2167696819879008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marriage and divorce expectations predict family life and personal outcomes. Understanding how expectations are associated with varying characteristics over emerging adulthood (ages 18-28) will inform understanding of emerging adult development. Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition into Adulthood 2005-2015 data were used in hybrid-effects ordinal logistic regression to parse interindividual and intraindividual variation associated with relationship experiences, socioeconomic and contextual characteristics, and mental and emotional wellbeing. Partnerships were associated with optimistic expectations: both dating and cohabiting predicted greater marriage expectations and lower divorce expectations within individuals. Between individuals, greater time in full-time employment predicted more positive marital expectations, greater responsibility was associated with lower marital expectations, stronger religious identity predicted higher marital expectations and lower divorce expectations, having been arrested predicted greater divorce expectations, greater wellbeing predicted greater marriage expectations, and older age predicted lower marriage expectations. Both between and within individuals, greater worry predicted lower marriage expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Arocho
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
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Arocho R, Purtell K. Will I Stay Married? Exploring Predictors of Expectations to Divorce in Unmarried Young Adults. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2020; 8:118-132. [PMID: 32257628 PMCID: PMC7117091 DOI: 10.1177/2167696818790826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Expectations that one may eventually divorce may predict behavior in young adulthood and beyond, but studies that have looked at individuals' assessments of their divorce likelihood have been limited. Guided by the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation, we tested five categories of potential predictors of divorce expectations in a sample of 1,610 unmarried young adults from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood study. Predictors were tested separately by gender and partnership status. Results suggested that some predictors mattered more for some groups than others, such as employment for single men, or certainty of marriage for partnered women. Consistent with prior research, caregiver divorce was significantly associated with expectations to divorce, but was only one of many factors found to predict these expectations. Socioeconomic factors and experiences and expectations of other relationships consistently predicted expectations. Expectations to divorce are multifaceted and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Arocho
- The Ohio State University, Department of Human Sciences, Program in Human Development and Family Science
| | - Kelly Purtell
- The Ohio State University, Department of Human Sciences, Program in Human Development and Family Science
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Zondervan-Zwijnenburg MAJ, Veldkamp SAM, Neumann A, Barzeva SA, Nelemans SA, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Branje SJT, Hillegers MHJ, Meeus WHJ, Tiemeier H, Hoijtink HJA, Oldehinkel AJ, Boomsma DI. Parental Age and Offspring Childhood Mental Health: A Multi-Cohort, Population-Based Investigation. Child Dev 2019; 91:964-982. [PMID: 31364163 PMCID: PMC7317448 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To examine the contributions of maternal and paternal age on offspring externalizing and internalizing problems, this study analyzed problem behaviors at age 10-12 years from four Dutch population-based cohorts (N = 32,892) by a multiple informant design. Bayesian evidence synthesis was used to combine results across cohorts with 50% of the data analyzed for discovery and 50% for confirmation. There was evidence of a robust negative linear relation between parental age and externalizing problems as reported by parents. In teacher-reports, this relation was largely explained by parental socio-economic status. Parental age had limited to no association with internalizing problems. Thus, in this large population-based study, either a beneficial or no effect of advanced parenthood on child problem behavior was observed.
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Clayborne ZM, Varin M, Colman I. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Adolescent Depression and Long-Term Psychosocial Outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:72-79. [PMID: 30577941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experiencing depression in adolescence can disrupt important developmental processes, which can have longstanding effects on socioeconomic status and relationships. The objective of this article was to systematically review the evidence examining associations between adolescent depression and adult psychosocial outcomes. METHOD Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC) were searched for articles published from 1980 through March 2017. Eligible articles were peer reviewed, published in English, had prospective cohort study designs, and contrasted adult psychosocial outcomes in those with versus without adolescent depression. Outcomes with sufficient data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses, with summary measures reported as odds ratios (ORs). A protocol for this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017059662). RESULTS Of the 4,988 references screened for inclusion, 31 articles comprising 136 analyses were included for review. Twenty-four cohorts were represented. Seventy-seven analyses across 10 outcomes were meta-analyzed, with remaining analyses summarized narratively. Meta-analyses suggested that adolescent depression was associated with outcomes including, but not limited to, failure to complete secondary school (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.29-2.39), unemployment (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.29-2.14), and pregnancy/parenthood (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06-1.81). CONCLUSION This review demonstrates that adolescent depression is associated with a myriad of adult psychosocial outcomes. Many are linked and can lead to the propagation of difficulties across the lifespan. These findings can have important implications for encouraging the provision of targeted mental health care early in development to improve life chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra M Clayborne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Varin
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kassa GM, Abajobir AA. Prevalence of common mental illnesses in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kamp Dush CM, Arocho R, Mernitz S, Bartholomew K. The intergenerational transmission of partnering. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205732. [PMID: 30422991 PMCID: PMC6233917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As divorce and cohabitation dissolution in the US have increased, partnering has expanded to the point that sociologists describe a merry-go-round of partners in American families. Could one driver of the increase in the number of partners be an intergenerational transmission of partnering? We discuss three theoretical perspectives on potential mechanisms that would underlie an intergenerational transmission of partnering: the transmission of economic hardship, the transmission of marriageable characteristics and relationship skills, and the transmission of relationship commitment. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child and Young Adult study (NLSY79 CYA) and their mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we examined the intergenerational transmission of partnering, including both marital and cohabitating unions, using prospective measures of family and economic instability as well as exploiting sibling data to try to identify potential mechanisms. Even after controlling for maternal demographic characteristics and socioeconomic factors, the number of maternal partners was positively associated with offspring's number of partners. Hybrid sibling Poisson regression models that examined sibling differential experiences of maternal partners indicated that there were no differences between siblings who witnessed more or fewer maternal partners. Overall, results suggested that the transmission of poor marriageable characteristics and relationship skills from mother to child may warrant additional attention as a potential mechanism through which the number of partners continues across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Kamp Dush
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Rachel Arocho
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Sara Mernitz
- Population Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States of America
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Longmore MA, Manning WD, Copp JE, Giordano PC. A Prospective Study of Adolescents' Sexual Partnerships on Emerging Adults' Relationship Satisfaction and Intimate Partner Aggression. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2016; 4:403-416. [PMID: 28546885 PMCID: PMC5440085 DOI: 10.1177/2167696816631098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether the influence of adolescents' sexual partnerships, both dating and casual, carried over to affect emerging adults' relationship satisfaction and experiences of intimate partner aggression. Analyses of longitudinal data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n = 294) showed that net of control variables (delinquency, depression, family violence, relational and sociodemographic characteristics), adolescents' number of dating, but not casual, sexual partners led to greater odds of intimate partner aggression during emerging adulthood. Further, relationship churning (breaking-up and getting back together) and sexual non-exclusivity during emerging adulthood mediated the influence of adolescents' number of dating sexual partnerships on intimate partner aggression. The positive effect of dating sexual partnerships on intimate partner aggression was stronger for women compared with men. These findings confirm the long reach of adolescent experiences into emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Longmore
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403,
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403,
| | | | - Peggy C Giordano
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403,
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Nasreen HE, Alam MA, Edhborg M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Disadvantaged Adolescents: Results from a Population-Based Study in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2016; 29:135-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashima E. Nasreen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Ariful Alam
- Programme Head, Health, Nutrition and Population Programme; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Maigun Edhborg
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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Kazan D, Calear AL, Batterham PJ. The impact of intimate partner relationships on suicidal thoughts and behaviours: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:585-598. [PMID: 26583348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review was conducted to identify the impact of intimate partner relationships on suicidality. The aim of the review was to identify factors within intimate partner relationships that influence suicidal ideation, attempts and completion. METHOD Fifty-one articles were identified through Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO databases. Due to the high heterogeneity of the included studies, a narrative data synthesis was conducted. RESULTS The research drew attention to specific contingents of the population, for example examining suicide risk in individuals under the age of 35 or lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals who are experiencing relationship discord, and in males who have recently separated. LIMITATIONS Interpretation of these findings is constrained by methodological limitations prevalent in much of the literature. Limitations of the existing literature and corresponding directions for future research are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Relationship separation and poor quality relationships are likely to be important risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviours and are frequent triggers for a suicide attempt. This review highlights intimate partner relationships as a significant component in a suicide risk assessment, regardless of the clinical setting. Consequently, clinicians should be aware that individuals reporting relationship problems are likely to be at increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Kazan
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Alison L Calear
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- National Institute for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Sandberg-Thoma SE, Snyder AR, Jang BJ. Exiting and Returning to the Parental Home for Boomerang Kids. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2015; 77:806-818. [PMID: 26023244 PMCID: PMC4442107 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Young adults commonly exit from and return to the parental home, yet few studies have examined the motivation behind these exits and returns using a life course framework. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, the authors examined associations between mental health problems and economic characteristics and exits from (n = 8,162), and returns to (n = 6,530), the parental home during the transition to adulthood. The average age of the respondents was 24 years. The authors found evidence that mental health and economic characteristics were related to home leaving and returning. Emotional distress was associated with earlier exits from, and returns to, the parental home; alcohol problems were associated with earlier returns to the parental home. The findings regarding economic resources were unexpectedly mixed. Greater economic resources were linked to delayed exits from, and earlier returns to, the parental home. The implications of these findings for young adults are discussed.
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Longmore MA, Manning WD, Giordano PC, Copp JE. Intimate partner victimization, poor relationship quality, and depressive symptoms during young adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 48:77-89. [PMID: 25131276 PMCID: PMC4180511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using longitudinal data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n = 927), we examined physical victimization, poor quality, and depression among young adults in casually dating, exclusively dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships. In multivariate models, victimization was a risk factor for depression with the inclusion of prior depression, family factors reflecting the intergenerational transmission of violence, sociodemographic background, and relationship characteristics including union status. With the inclusion of indicators of poor relational quality, victimization was not a significant predictor of depression. Arguing and poor communication influenced victimization and depression. Associations between victimization and depression did not differ by gender, nor were the effects of poor quality on depression conditional on gender. Thus, victimization occurs within relationships characterized by a range of negative dynamics. Multifaceted relationship-centered prevention efforts are more useful than focusing only on the use of aggression with a partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Longmore
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States.
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Peggy C Giordano
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Jennifer E Copp
- Department of Sociology, and the Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
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