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Jiang L, Huang Y, Fang M, Chen X, Feng D, Liu J, Jiang Q, Tao R. Dynamic changes of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and hBD-2/3 in erosive oral lichen planus patients saliva before and after prednisone acetate treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24043. [PMID: 38283247 PMCID: PMC10818186 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2/Th17- related cytokines and human beta defensins 2 and 3 (hBD-2 and -3) in the saliva of patients with erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of EOLP and the effects of glucocorticoids on EOLP. Methods A total of 30 patients with EOLP and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. The patients were treated with prednisone at a dose of 0.4 mg/(kg·d) for 1 week and examined before and after treatment. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected to determine the levels of cytokines (interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF]-α, interferon gamma [IFN-γ], IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) by cytometric bead array and those of hBD-2 and -3 b y enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, oral rinse samples were collected to detect Candida load. Results The levels of salivary IL-1β, IL-6, hBD-2 and hBD-3 were higher and the IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-1β/IL-6 ratios were lower in patients with EOLP than in healthy individuals. In patients with EOLP, hBD-2 levels were positively correlated with IFN-γ levels and negatively correlated with IL-17 levels, whereas hBD-3 levels were negatively correlated with IL-17 and IL-10 levels. In addition, the prevalence of EOLP was positively correlated with IL-6 levels and negatively correlated with the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, hBD-2 and hBD-3 and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased after treatment with prednisone for 1 week. The levels of IL-6, hBD-2 and hBD-3 were significantly higher in EOLP patients than in healthy individuals; while TNF-α levels and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were significantly lower in EOLP patients than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the oral counts of Candida spp. (colony forming unit [CFU]) were negatively correlated with TNF-α levels. Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) and Sign scores decreased in EOLP patients after treatment. Approximately 80 % of patients were effectively treated. Salivary TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the treatment-ineffective group than in the treatment-effective group before treatment with prednisone, and differences in salivary IL-6 levels before and after treatment were significantly higher in the treatment-effective group than in the treatment-ineffective group. Conclusions High expression of IL-1β, IL-6, hBD-2 and Th1/Th2 imbalance in saliva may be associated with the pathogenesis of EOLP. IFN-γ/IL-4 balance may serve as a protective factor for EOLP. Glucocorticoids significantly alleviate the symptoms of EOLP and inhibit the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Meifei Fang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Doudou Feng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiaozhi Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research, Guangxi, China
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Zanetta P, Ormelli M, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B, Squarzanti DF. Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What's New? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073489. [PMID: 35408849 PMCID: PMC8998608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder with multifactorial aetiology and malignant transformation potential. Despite the treatments so far identified, new tailored and safe specific measures are needed. Recently, human microbiota imbalance has been linked to several immune-mediated diseases, opening new therapeutic perspectives for probiotics; besides their ability to directly interact with the host microbiota, they also display a strain-specific immune-modulatory effect. Thus, this non-systematic review aims to elucidate the molecular pathways underlying probiotic activity, mainly those of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and their metabolites in OLP pathogenesis and malignant transformation, focusing on the most recent in vitro and in vivo research evidence. Findings related to their activity in other immune-mediated diseases are here included, suggesting a probiotic translational use in OLP. Probiotics show immune-modulatory and microbiota-balancing activities; they protect the host from pathogens, hamper an excessive effector T cell response, reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signalling and basal keratinocytes abnormal apoptosis, shifting the mucosal response towards the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing uncontrolled damage. Therefore, probiotics could be a highly encouraging prevention and immunotherapeutic approach for a safer and more sustainable OLP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanetta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
| | - Margherita Ormelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical Research Srl, Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research Srl, Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (D.F.S.); Tel.: +39-0321-660-870 (B.A.)
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.Z.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (D.F.S.); Tel.: +39-0321-660-870 (B.A.)
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Meng Z, Zhang H, Li L, Wang K. Clinical significance of miR-142-3p in oral lichen planus and its regulatory role in keratinocyte proliferation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:441-447. [PMID: 34366268 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as aberrantly expressed in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-142-3p in OLP. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-six patients with OLP and 44 control participants without OLP were recruited, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used for the measurement of miR-142-3p. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was counted to assess the diagnostic value. Cell Counting Kit‑8 was used to assess cell proliferation. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the target gene. RESULTS Compared with the control group, an elevated expression of miR-142-3p was detected in the serum, saliva, and tissues samples from patients with OLP. ROC curve analysis suggested that miR-142-3p could distinguish patients with OLP from those in the control group, and the expression of miR-142-3p was closely associated with the disease severity. Downregulation of miR-142-3p inhibited keratinocyte proliferation. Glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) was a target gene of miR-142-3p. CONCLUSIONS MiR-142-3p might be a candidate diagnostic biomarker for OLP. Downregulation of miR-142-3p inhibits keratinocyte proliferation, and GRα might be involved in its regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangrao People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Linyi City Lanshan District People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Kuimei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Mengyin People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
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Peng Q, Zhang J, Ye X, Zhou G. Tumor-like microenvironment in oral lichen planus: evidence of malignant transformation? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:635-643. [PMID: 28494213 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1295852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Shen Z, Du G, Zhou Z, Liu W, Shi L, Xu H. Aberrant expression of interleukin-22 and its targeting microRNAs in oral lichen planus: a preliminary study. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:523-7. [PMID: 26711064 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease involving oral mucosa. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) as the signature cytokine of T helper 22 cells is increasingly recognized as a key regulator in various autoimmune diseases. Our previous study reported that IL-22 immunoexpression in OLP was significantly increased compared with the normal controls. METHODS The objective of this preliminary study was to compare the IL-22 expression levels in oral biopsies from patients with OLP (n = 50) against normal oral mucosa (n = 19) using RT-qPCR and Western blot, identify the potential targeting miRNAs of IL-22, and examine the miRNA expression levels in OLP. RESULTS Interleukin-22 expression level in OLP was significantly increased compared with the normal controls. The Dual-Luciferase reporter assay system in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells demonstrated that miR-562 and miR-203 were the target miRNAs of IL-22, which was consistent with predictions from bioinformatics software analyses. Interestingly, miR-562 expression in OLP was significantly decreased, but miR-203 expression in OLP was significantly increased compared with the normal controls. CONCLUSION This preliminary study for the first time reported that aberrant expression levels of miR-562 and miR-203 were associated with high expression of IL-22 and demonstrated the target relationship between miRNAs and IL-22 in HEK293 cells. Our data indicated that IL-22 and its targeting miRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of OLP. Further studies are required to investigate the regulatory pathways of IL-22 and miR-562 and miR-203 in OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lu H, Xu M, Wang F, Liu S, Gu J, Lin S, Zhao L. Chronic stress accelerates ligature-induced periodontitis by suppressing glucocorticoid receptor-α signaling. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e223. [PMID: 27012709 PMCID: PMC4892879 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress (CS) might modulate periodontal disease, but there are few models of CS-induced periodontitis, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study established a rat model of periodontitis associated with CS induced by nylon thread ligatures. The severity of periodontitis was evaluated in this model by radiographic and pathological examination. The inflammatory reaction indicated by the elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and glucocorticoid receptor-α (GR-α) expressions were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR and western blotting. Open-field tests and serum corticosterone were used to evaluate CS. The results showed that CS induced behavioral changes and increased corticosterone levels of the animals with periodontitis. CS stimulation markedly increased alveolar bone loss, periodontal pocket depth and the number of plaques. It also enhanced the inflammatory reaction. These results suggest that CS accelerated the ligature-induced pathological changes associated with periodontitis. Further analysis of the mechanisms involved showed that GR-α expression was significantly downregulated in periodontal tissues of the animals undergoing CS. Blocking GR-α signaling in lipopolysaccharide and corticosteroid-treated human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells in vitro significantly upregulated the expression of p-Akt (protein kinase B) and TLR4, promoted nuclear factor-κB activity and increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. This research suggests that CS might accelerate the pathological progression of periodontitis by a GR-α signaling-mediated inflammatory response and that this may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease, particularly in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiu Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minguang Xu
- Department of Medical Engineering, The Second Artillery General Hospital PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shisen Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songshan Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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