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Martínez-Flores R, Lozano-Burgos C, Niklander SE, Fernández-Cuya M, Lopes MA, González-Arriagada WA. Relationship between aggressive features of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the immunoexpression of CX3CR1, CX3CL1 and ITGAV. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 138:79-87. [PMID: 38760287 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the association between CX3CR1, CX3CL1, and ITGAV immunoexpression with PNI and adverse oncologic outcomes in patients with OSCC. STUDY DESIGN Expression CX3CR1, CX3CL1, and ITGAV was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 50 paraffin-embedded resections of OSCC. Survival analysis, Cox, and binary logistic regressions were undertaken to determine the impact on patient survival and predictive value for PNI. RESULTS CX3CL1 positive nerves exhibited a significant association with tumor budding (TB) (P = .043), whereas nerves positive for ITGAV were associated with PNI (P = .021), T3-T4 tumor size (P = .029), and III-IV stage (P = .044). Cases with ITGAV-positive nerves exhibited an odds ratio of 9.603 (P = .008) for PNI, whereas cases with CX3CL1-positive nerves exhibited and odds ratio of 4.682 (P = .033) for TB. A trend toward decreased 5-year overall survival (P = .078) and 5-year disease-specific survival (P = .09) was observed in relation to ITGAV-positive nerves. However, no independent predictors for poor survival were identified. CONCLUSIONS The expression of ITGAV was associated with PNI and advanced disease, whereas the expression of CX3CL1 was related to TB, suggesting that ITGAV and CX3CL1 are involved in their respective developments. Therefore, further investigations are encouraged to assess the potential utility of targeted therapies against CX3CL1 receptors in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Martínez-Flores
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile; Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil; Unidad de Apoyo de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile; Unidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial y Odontología, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlo Lozano-Burgos
- Unidad de Apoyo de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sven Eric Niklander
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada
- Universidad de Los Andes, Chile. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica; Universidad de Los Andes, Chile. Facultad de Odontología; IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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González-Arriagada WA, Coletta RD, Lozano-Burgos C, García C, Maripillán J, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Godínez-Pacheco B, Oyarce-Pezoa S, Martínez-Flores R, García IE. CR5/CCL5 axis is linked to a poor outcome, and inhibition reduces metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17335-17346. [PMID: 37831273 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CCR5/CCL5 axis is essential for interactions between malignant cells and microenvironment components, promoting tumor progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to evaluate the association of CCL5 and CCR5 with the behavior of oral cancer and assess the therapeutic potential of a CCR5 antagonist. METHODS A retrospective study to analyze CCR5 and CCL5 expression on paraffin-embedded tissues was performed. In cell lines, rhCCL5 was added to induce CCR5-related pathways, and Maraviroc and shRNA against CCR5 were used to neutralize the receptor. Finally, an in vivo murine orthotopic xenograft model of tongue cancer was used to evaluate Maraviroc as an oncologic therapy. After 15 days, the mice were killed, and the primary tumors and cervical lymph nodes were analyzed. RESULTS The expression of CCR5 was associated with clinical stage and metastasis, and CCL5 was related to overall survival. Adding rhCCL5 induced cell proliferation, while shRNA and Maraviroc reduced it in a dose-dependent manner. Maraviroc treatment also increased apoptosis and modified cytoskeletal organization. In vivo, Maraviroc reduced neck metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The effects of CCR5 antagonists in OSCC have been poorly studied, and this study reports in vitro and in vivo evidence for the effects of Maraviroc in OSCC. Our results suggest that the CCR5/CCL5 axis plays a role in oral cancer behavior, and that its inhibition is a promising new therapy alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Oral Pathology and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia García
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Maripillán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - René Martínez-Flores
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac E García
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Interoperativa en Ciencias Odontológicas y Médicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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3
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Hamid R, Alaziz M, Mahal AS, Ashton AW, Halama N, Jaeger D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of CCR5 in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2237. [PMID: 37759462 PMCID: PMC10526962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) functions as a co-receptor for the entry of HIV into immune cells. CCR5 binds promiscuously to a diverse array of ligands initiating cell signaling that includes guided migration. Although well known to be expressed on immune cells, recent studies have shown the induction of CCR5 on the surface of breast cancer epithelial cells. The function of CCR5 on breast cancer epithelial cells includes the induction of aberrant cell survival signaling and tropism towards chemo attractants. As CCR5 is not expressed on normal epithelium, the receptor provides a potential useful target for therapy. Inhibitors of CCR5 (CCR5i), either small molecules (maraviroc, vicriviroc) or humanized monoclonal antibodies (leronlimab) have shown anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties in preclinical studies. In early clinical studies, reviewed herein, CCR5i have shown promising results and evidence for effects on both the tumor and the anti-tumor immune response. Current clinical studies have therefore included combination therapy approaches with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hamid
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
| | - Mustafa Alaziz
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
| | | | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
- Lightseed Inc., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Philadelphia, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.); (D.J.)
- Department of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.); (D.J.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor-Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
- Lightseed Inc., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
- Lightseed Inc., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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4
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Darsaraee M, Kaveh S, Mani-Varnosfaderani A, Neiband MS. General structure-activity/selectivity relationship patterns for the inhibitors of the chemokine receptors (CCR1/CCR2/CCR4/CCR5) with application for virtual screening of PubChem database. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37599469 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2248255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) form a crucial subfamily of G protein-linked receptors that play a distinct role in the onset and progression of various life-threatening diseases. The main aim of this research is to derive general structure-activity relationship (SAR) patterns to describe the selectivity and activity of CCR inhibitors. To this end, a total of 7332 molecules related to the inhibition of CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, and CCR5 were collected from the Binding Database and analyzed using machine learning techniques. A diverse set of 450 molecular descriptors was calculated for each molecule, and the molecules were classified based on their therapeutic targets and activities. The variable importance in the projection (VIP) approach was used to select discriminatory molecular features, and classification models were developed using supervised Kohonen networks (SKN) and counter-propagation artificial neural networks (CPANN). The reliability and predictability of the models were estimated using 10-fold cross-validation, an external validation set, and an applicability domain approach. We were able to identify different sets of molecular descriptors for discriminating between active and inactive molecules and model the selectivity of inhibitors towards different CCRs. The sensitivities of the predictions for the external test set for the SKN models ranged from 0.827-0.873. Finally, the developed classification models were used to screen approximately 2 million random molecules from the PubChem database, with average values for areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.78-0.96 for SKN models and 0.75-0.89 for CPANN models.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Darsaraee
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Kaveh
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mani-Varnosfaderani
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M S Neiband
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
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5
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Budi HS, Farhood B. Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 37221555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers are among the common head and neck malignancies. Different anticancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and also targeted molecular therapy may be prescribed for targeting oral malignancies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that targeting malignant cells alone by anticancer modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy suppresses tumor growth. In the last decade, a large number of experiments have confirmed the pivotal role of other cells and secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression. Extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play key roles in the progression of tumors like oral cancers and resistance to therapy. On the other hand, infiltrated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells are key anti-tumor cells that suppress the proliferation of malignant cells. Modulation of extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells, and also stimulation of anticancer immunity have been suggested to treat oral malignancies more effectively. Furthermore, the administration of some adjuvants or combination therapy modalities may suppress oral malignancies more effectively. In this review, we discuss various interactions between oral cancer cells and TME. Furthermore, we also review the basic mechanisms within oral TME that may cause resistance to therapy. Potential targets and approaches for overcoming the resistance of oral cancers to various anticancer modalities will also be reviewed. The findings for targeting cells and potential therapeutic targets in clinical studies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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6
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Okuyama K, Suzuki K, Yanamoto S. Relationship between Tumor Budding and Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041111. [PMID: 36831453 PMCID: PMC9953904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding (TB), a microscopic finding in the stroma ahead of the invasive fronts of tumors, has been well investigated and reported as a prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in tumor progression and metastasis, and its status cannot be distinguished from TB. The current understanding of partial EMT (p-EMT), the so-called halfway step of EMT, focuses on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although this evidence has been investigated, the clinicopathological and biological relationship between TB and p-EMT remains debatable. At the invasion front, previous research suggested that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important for tumor progression, metastasis, p-EMT, and TB formation in the TME. Although there is biological evidence of TB drivers, no report has focused on their organized functional relationships. Understanding the mechanism of TB onset and the relationship between p-EMTs may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods, and targeted therapies for the prevention of metastasis in epithelial cancer. Thus far, major pieces of evidence have been established from colorectal cancer (CRC), due to a large number of patients with the disease. Herein, we review the current understanding of p-EMT and TME dynamics and discuss the relationship between TB development and p-EMT, focusing on CAFs, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, laminin-integrin crosstalk, membrane stiffness, enzymes, and viral infections in cancers, and clarify the gap of evidence between HNSCC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okuyama
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, 1600 Huron Pathway, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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7
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Elmakaty I, Elsayed B, Elmarasi M, Kujan O, Malki MI. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of chemokine receptor CCR7 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:443-453. [PMID: 36744447 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2177156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic value of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSSC). METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in this meta-analysis. Up to the 2nd of July 2022 a search was conducted using five databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The methodological standards for the epidemiological research scale were used to assess the quality of the included articles, and Stata software was used to synthesise the meta-analysis. RESULTS We considered 13 of the 615 studies which included 1005 HNSCC patients. High expression of CCR7 increased the pooled odds ratio (OR) of advanced stage, tumour size, metastasis and recurrence by 2.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84 to 4.33], 2.48 (95% CI 1.68, to 3.67), 3.57, 95% CI 2.25 to 5.05) and 3.93 (95% CI 2.03 to 7.64), respectively. High CCR7 reduced overall patient survival [hazard ratio 2.62 (95% CI 1.59 to 4.32)]. CONCLUSION This study showed that high expression of CCR7 in HNSCC tumours was significantly associated with worse clinicopathological and survival outcomes, suggesting that CCR7 and its pathway could be potential therapeutic strategies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basel Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Omar Kujan
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences Division, UWA Dental School, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mohammed Imad Malki
- Pathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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8
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González-Arriagada WA, García IE, Martínez-Flores R, Morales-Pison S, Coletta RD. Therapeutic Perspectives of HIV-Associated Chemokine Receptor (CCR5 and CXCR4) Antagonists in Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010478. [PMID: 36613922 PMCID: PMC9820365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment is critical for tumor progression, and the chemokine ligand/receptor axes play a crucial role in this process. The CXCR4/CXCL12 and CCR5/CCL5 axes, both related to HIV, have been associated with the early (epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion) and late events (migration and metastasis) of cancer progression. In addition, these axes can also modulate the immune response against tumors. Thus, antagonists against the receptors of these axes have been proposed in cancer therapy. Although preclinical studies have shown promising results, clinical trials are needed to include these drugs in the oncological treatment protocols. New alternatives for these antagonists, such as dual CXCR4/CCR5 antagonists or combined therapy in association with immunotherapy, need to be studied in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Patología Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital El Carmen Luis Valentín Ferrada, Maipú 9251521, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +562-2618-1000
| | - Isaac E. García
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas y Médicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2381850, Chile
| | - René Martínez-Flores
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
| | - Sebastián Morales-Pison
- Centro de Oncología de Precisión (COP), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7560908, Chile
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
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Israr M, DeVoti JA, Papayannakos CJ, Bonagura VR. Role of chemokines in HPV-induced cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:170-183. [PMID: 36402301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cancers of the uterine cervix, oropharynx, anus, and vulvovaginal tract. Low-risk HPVs, such as HPV6 and 11, can also cause benign mucosal lesions including genital warts, and in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, lesions in the larynx, and on occasion, in the lungs. However, both high and less tumorigenic HPVs share a striking commonality in manipulating both innate and adaptive immune responses in HPV- infected keratinocytes, the natural host for HPV infection. In addition, immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment influences cancer growth and prognosis, and this process is tightly regulated by different chemokines. Chemokines are small proteins and exert their biological effects by binding with G protein-coupled chemokine receptors (GPCRs) that are found on the surfaces of select target cells. Chemokines are not only involved in the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment and organ-directed metastases but also involved in disease progression through enhancing tumor cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, having a solid grasp on chemokines and immune checkpoint modulators can help in the treatment of these cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the expression patterns and regulation of the main chemokines found in HPV-induced cancers, and their effects on both immune and non-immune cells in these lesions. Importantly, we also present the current knowledge of therapeutic interventions on the expression of specific chemokine and their receptors that have been shown to influence the development and progression of HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - James A DeVoti
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Papayannakos
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
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10
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Aberrant inactivation of SCNN1G promotes the motility of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Li C, Chen S, Liu C, Mo C, Gong W, Hu J, He M, Xie L, Hou X, Tang J, Ou M. CCR5 as a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatic study. Hereditas 2022; 159:37. [PMID: 36167571 PMCID: PMC9513963 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has recently been recognized as an underlying therapeutic target for various malignancies. However, the association of CCR5 with prognosis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) patients and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is unclear. Methods In the current experiment, methods such as the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource Analysis (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier plotter Analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the expression of CCR5 in human various malignancies and the clinical prognosis in HNSC patients. Subsequently, we used the TIMER database and the TISIDB platform to investigate the correlation between CCR5 expression levels and immune cell infiltration in the HNSC tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, immunomodulatory and chemokine profiling were performed using the TISIDB platform to analyse the correlation between CCR5 expression levels and immunomodulation in HNSC patients. Results We found that CCR5 expression in HNSC tumor tissues was significantly upregulated than in normal tissues. In HNSC, patients with high CCR5 expression levels had worse overall survival (OS, HR = 0.59, p = 0.00015) and worse recurrence-free survival (RFS, HR = 3.27, p = 0.00098). Upregulation of CCR5 expression is closely associated with immunomodulators, chemokines, and infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells. Furthermore, upregulated CCR5 was significantly associated with different immune markers in the immune cell subsets of HNSC. Conclusions High expression of CCR5 plays an important prognostic role in HNSC patients and may serve as a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltration, and further studies are still needed to investigate therapeutic targeting HNSC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Shanlin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China.,College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, PR China
| | - Chune Mo
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Jiahua Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Min He
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China.,College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China.
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China. .,College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China.
| | - Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China.
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12
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Yang F, Zhou LQ, Yang HW, Wang YJ. Nine-gene signature and nomogram for predicting survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:927614. [PMID: 36092911 PMCID: PMC9449318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.927614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are derived from the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract, salivary glands, thyroid, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The present study aimed to identify the novel genes and pathways underlying HNSCC. Despite the advances in HNSCC research, diagnosis, and treatment, its incidence continues to rise, and the mortality of advanced HNSCC is expected to increase by 50%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective biomarkers to predict HNSCC patients’ prognosis and provide guidance to the personalized treatment.Methods: Both HNSCC clinical and gene expression data were abstracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Intersecting analysis was adopted between the gene expression matrix of HNSCC patients from TCGA database to extract TME-related genes. Differential gene expression analysis between HNSCC tissue samples and normal tissue samples was performed by R software. Then, HNSCC patients were categorized into clusters 1 and 2 via NMF. Next, TME-related prognosis genes (p < 0.05) were analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, nine genes were selected to construct a prognostic risk model and a prognostic gene signature. We also established a nomogram using relevant clinical parameters and a risk score. The Kaplan–Meier curve, survival analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the concordance index (C-index) were carried out to assess the accuracy of the prognostic risk model and nomogram. Potential molecular mechanisms were revealed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Additionally, gene correlation analysis and immune cell correlation analysis were conducted for further enriching our results.Results: A novel HNSCC prognostic model was established based on the nine genes (GTSE1, LRRN4CL, CRYAB, SHOX2, ASNS, KRT23, ANGPT2, HOXA9, and CARD11). The value of area under the ROC curves (AUCs) (0.769, 0.841, and 0.816) in TCGA whole set showed that the model effectively predicted the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). Results of the Cox regression assessment confirmed the nine-gene signature as a reliable independent prognostic factor in HNSCC patients. The prognostic nomogram developed using multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a superior C-index over other clinical signatures. Also, the calibration curve had a high level of concordance between estimated OS and the observed OS. This showed that its clinical net can precisely estimate the one-, three-, and five-year OS in HNSCC patients. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to some extent revealed the immune- and tumor-linked cascades.Conclusion: In conclusion, the TME-related nine-gene signature and nomogram can effectively improve the estimation of prognosis in patients with HNSCC.
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13
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Li H, Wu M, Zhao X. Role of chemokine systems in cancer and inflammatory diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e147. [PMID: 35702353 PMCID: PMC9175564 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small secreted proteins that have fundamental roles in organ development, normal physiology, and immune responses upon binding to their corresponding receptors. The primary functions of chemokines are to coordinate and recruit immune cells to and from tissues and to participate in regulating interactions between immune cells. In addition to the generally recognized antimicrobial immunity, the chemokine/chemokine receptor axis also exerts a tumorigenic function in many different cancer models and is involved in the formation of immunosuppressive and protective tumor microenvironment (TME), making them potential prognostic markers for various hematologic and solid tumors. In fact, apart from its vital role in tumors, almost all inflammatory diseases involve chemokines and their receptors in one way or another. Modulating the expression of chemokines and/or their corresponding receptors on tumor cells or immune cells provides the basis for the exploitation of new drugs for clinical evaluation in the treatment of related diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances of chemokine systems in protumor and antitumor immune responses and discuss the prevailing understanding of how the chemokine system operates in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we also emphatically highlight the complexity of the chemokine system and explore its potential to guide the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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14
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miRNA-Mediated Low Expression of EPHX3 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Tumor Immune Infiltration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7633720. [PMID: 35401746 PMCID: PMC8993555 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7633720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory role of epoxide hydrolase 3 (EPHX3) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to analyze its bioinformatic function, as well as, to screen and predict the miRNAs that can regulate EPHX3 expression in HNSCC. We examined the expression profile and prognostic potential of EPHX3 in TCGA and GTEX databases and performed functional enrichment analysis of EPHX3 using string database. Subsequently, we analyzed the regulatory role of miRNAs on EPHX3, including expression analysis, correlation analysis, and survival analysis. In addition, we also used TIMER to investigate the relationship among EPHX3 expression level, immune checkpoints, and immune infiltration in HNSCC. The results of data analysis after TGCA showed that EPHX3 is a key regulator of tumorigenesis in 13 cancers and can be used as a marker of poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-4713-3p is a key miRNA of EPHX3 in HNSCC. Together, our findings indicate that EPHX3 exerts its anticancer effects by suppressing tumor immune checkpoint expression and immune cell infiltration. Overall, our data uncovered miRNA-mediated EPHX3 downregulation as a contributor to poor HNSCC prognosis and reduced tumor immune infiltration.
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15
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C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040656. [PMID: 35203305 PMCID: PMC8870371 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) was one of the first two chemokine receptors that were found to be upregulated in breast cancers. Chemokine receptors promote chemotaxis of cells and tissue organization. Since under homeostatic conditions, CCR7 promotes migration of immune cells to lymph nodes, questions immediately arose regarding the ability of CCR7 to direct migration of cancer cells to lymph nodes. The literature since 2000 was examined to determine to what extent the expression of CCR7 in malignant tumors promoted migration to the lymph nodes. The data indicated that in different cancers, CCR7 plays distinct roles in directing cells to lymph nodes, the skin or to the central nervous system. In certain tumors, it may even serve a protective role. Future studies should focus on defining mechanisms that differentially regulate the unfavorable or beneficial role that CCR7 plays in cancer pathophysiology, to be able to improve outcomes in patients who harbor CCR7-positive cancers.
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Zhang Y, Luo X, Yu J, Qian K, Zhu H. An Immune Feature-Based, Three-Gene Scoring System for Prognostic Prediction of Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:739182. [PMID: 35087741 PMCID: PMC8786713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a high frequency of neck lymph node metastasis (LNM), a key prognostic factor. Therefore, identifying the biological processes during LNM of HNSCC has significant clinical implications for risk stratification. This study performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between tumors with LNM and those without LNM and identified the involvement of immune response in the lymphatic metastasis of HNSCC. We further identified greater infiltrations of CD8+ T cells in tumors than in adjacent normal tissues through immunochemistry in the patient cohort (n = 62), indicating the involvement of CD8+ T cells in the antitumor immunity. Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to initially identify the candidate genes relevant to lymphocyte-mediated antitumor response. The candidate genes were applied to construct a LASSO Cox regression analysis model. Three genes were eventually screened out as progression-related differentially expressed candidates in HNSCC and a risk scoring system was established based on LASSO Cox regression model to predict the outcome in patients with HNSCC. The score was calculated using the formula: 0.0636 × CXCL11 - 0.4619 × CXCR3 + 0.2398 × CCR5. Patients with high scores had significantly worse overall survival than those with low scores (p < 0.001). The risk score showed good performance in characterizing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and provided a theoretical basis for stratifying patients receiving immune therapies. Additionally, a nomogram including the risk score, age, and TNM stage was constructed. The prediction model displayed marginally better discrimination ability and higher agreement in predicting the survival of patients with HNSCC compared with the TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiayan Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Qian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang R, Gao Y. Identification of NUTF2 as a Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5455-5467. [PMID: 35221694 PMCID: PMC8866992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s337469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. Nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) plays a key role in cell death and immune processes. However, few reports have studied correlations between NUTF2 gene expression and the occurrence and development of HNSC. Methods The expression of NUTF2 was analyzed using publicly available databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which was validated by RT-PCR. We evaluated the functions of NUTF2 with Kaplan–Meier curve, logistic regression were used to study the relationship between clinicopathological features and the expression of NUTF2. Cox regression analyses were used to identify the effects of NUTF2 expression on survival. Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to explore relevant biological pathways. The relationship between NUTF2 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was investigated with on-line bioinformatic tools. Results NUTF2 was significantly upregulated in HNSC lesions and is associated with tumor size (P < 0.01). Increased expression of NUTF2 was linked to shorter overall and progress-free survival in HNSC. Cox regression analyses revealed that NUTF2 is an independent prognostic factor in HNSC. GSEA analysis demonstrated that NUTF2 negatively regulates several immune pathways. NUTF2 was correlated with the infiltrating levels of B cells and CD8+ T cells and was negatively correlated with diverse immune marker sets in HNSC. Conclusion NUTF2 is highly expressed in HNSC and correlates with poor prognosis. Correlation with immune functions suggests that NUTF2 may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rui Zhang Tel +8615035687198 Email
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Oral Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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An Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Index for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Integrates Multiple Aspects of Tumor-Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215342. [PMID: 34771505 PMCID: PMC8582543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most refractory subtype of breast cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has made progress in TNBC treatment. PD-L1 expression is a useful biomarker of ICI therapy efficacy. However, tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) factors, such as immune cell compositions and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status, also influence tumor immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to seek biomarkers that are associated with multiple aspects of TIME in TNBC. In this study, we developed an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) with a substantial prognostic value for TNBC. Moreover, the results from multiple cohorts reproducibly demonstrate that IRGPI is significantly associated with immune cell compositions, the exclusion and dysfunction of TILs, as well as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in TIME. Therefore, IRGPI is a promising biomarker closely related to patient survival and TIME of TNBC and may have a potential effect on the immunotherapy strategy of TNBC. Abstract Tumor-immune cell compositions and immune checkpoints comprehensively affect TNBC outcomes. With the significantly improved survival rate of TNBC patients treated with ICI therapies, a biomarker integrating multiple aspects of TIME may have prognostic value for improving the efficacy of ICI therapy. Immune-related hub genes were identified with weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential gene expression assay using The Cancer Genome Atlas TNBC data set (n = 115). IRGPI was constructed with Cox regression analysis. Immune cell compositions and TIL status were analyzed with CIBERSORT and TIDE. The discovery was validated with the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium data set (n = 196) and a patient cohort from our hospital. Tumor expression or serum concentrations of CCL5, CCL25, or PD-L1 were determined with immunohistochemistry or ELISA. The constructed IRGPI was composed of CCL5 and CCL25 genes and was negatively associated with the patient’s survival. IRGPI also predicts the compositions of M0 and M2 macrophages, memory B cells, CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, and the exclusion and dysfunction of TILs, as well as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression of TNBC. IRGPI is a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis and multiple immune characteristics of TNBC.
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19
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Maraviroc Prevents HCC Development by Suppressing Macrophages and the Liver Progenitor Cell Response in a Murine Chronic Liver Disease Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194935. [PMID: 34638423 PMCID: PMC8508380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Liver stem cells and activated macrophages have been implicated as contributors to liver cancer; hence, reducing their abundance is a potential avenue for therapy. In this article, we demonstrate that Maraviroc, a drug approved for human use, reduces the liver stem cell response and macrophage activation in a mouse model of liver cancer. These findings underline the preventive potential of this drug in liver cancer, a deadly disease for which there are few effective treatments. Abstract Maraviroc (MVC), a CCR5 antagonist, reduces liver fibrosis, injury and tumour burden in mice fed a hepatocarcinogenic diet, suggesting it has potential as a cancer therapeutic. We investigated the effect of MVC on liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and macrophages as both have a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Mice were fed the hepatocarcinogenic choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet (CDE) ± MVC, and immunohistochemistry, RNA and protein expression were used to determine LPC and macrophage abundance, migration and related molecular mechanisms. MVC reduced LPC numbers in CDE mice by 54%, with a smaller reduction seen in macrophages. Transcript and protein abundance of LPC-associated markers correlated with this reduction. The CDE diet activated phosphorylation of AKT and STAT3 and was inhibited by MVC. LPCs did not express Ccr5 in our model; in contrast, macrophages expressed high levels of this receptor, suggesting the effect of MVC is mediated by targeting macrophages. MVC reduced CD45+ cells and macrophage migration in liver and blocked the CDE-induced transition of liver macrophages from an M1- to M2-tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype. These findings suggest MVC has potential as a re-purposed therapeutic agent for treating chronic liver diseases where M2-TAM and LPC numbers are increased, and the incidence of HCC is enhanced.
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20
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Chen D, Wang M, Guo Y, Wu W, Ji X, Dou X, Tang H, Zong Z, Zhang X, Xiong D. An aberrant DNA methylation signature for predicting the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5936-5947. [PMID: 34313009 PMCID: PMC8419750 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with a poor prognosis. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in the etiology and pathogenesis of HNSCC. The current study aimed to develop a predictive methylation signature based on bioinformatics analysis to improve the prognosis and optimize therapeutic outcome in HNSCC. Clinical information and methylation sequencing data of patients with HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The R package was used to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues. We identified 22 DMGs associated with 246 differentially methylated sites. Patients with HNSCC were classified into training and test groups. Cox regression analysis was used to build a risk score formula based on the five methylation sites (cg26428455, cg13754259, cg17421709, cg19229344, and cg11668749) in the training group. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the overall survival (OS) rates were significantly different between the high‐ and low‐risk groups sorted by the signature in the training group (median: 1.38 vs. 1.57 years, log‐rank test, p < 0.001). The predictive power was then validated in the test group (median: 1.34 vs. 1.75 years, log‐rank test, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) based on the signature for predicting the 5‐year survival rates, was 0.7 in the training and 0.73 in test groups, respectively. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the riskscore (RS) signature based on the five methylation sites was an independent prognostic tool for OS prediction in patients. In addition, a predictive nomogram model that incorporated the RS signature and patient clinical information was developed. The innovative methylation signature‐based model developed in our study represents a robust prognostic tool for guiding clinical therapy and predicting the OS in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zengyan Zong
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemokines and their cognate receptors play a major role in modulating inflammatory responses. Depending on their ligand binding, chemokine receptors can stimulate both immune activating and inhibitory signaling pathways. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promotes immune responses by recruiting immune cells to the sites of inflammation/tumor, and is involved in stimulating tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration through various mechanisms. Moreover, CCR5 also contributes to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment by recruiting regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells facilitating tumor development and progression. In summary, cells expressing CCR5 modulate immune response and tumor progression. Expression of CCR5 is increased in various malignancies and associated with poor outcome. Experimental data show promising efficacy signals with CCR5 antagonists in preclinical tumor models. Therefore, CCR5 has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, we focus on the role of CCR5 in cancer progression and discuss its impact and potential as a therapeutic target for cancer. EXPERT OPINION Beyond immune-checkpoint inhibitors, potentially synergistic immune-modulatory drugs such as CCR5 antagonists are a promising approach to enlarge our treatment armamentarium against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hemmatazad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin D Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lah Turnšek T, Jiao X, Novak M, Jammula S, Cicero G, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Pestell RG. An Update on Glioblastoma Biology, Genetics, and Current Therapies: Novel Inhibitors of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor CCR5. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4464. [PMID: 33923334 PMCID: PMC8123168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms governing therapeutic resistance of the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma, have increasingly focused on tumor stem cells. These cells, protected by the periarteriolar hypoxic GSC niche, contribute to the poor efficacy of standard of care treatment of glioblastoma. Integrated proteogenomic and metabolomic analyses of glioblastoma tissues and single cells have revealed insights into the complex heterogeneity of glioblastoma and stromal cells, comprising its tumor microenvironment (TME). An additional factor, which isdriving poor therapy response is the distinct genetic drivers in each patient's tumor, providing the rationale for a more individualized or personalized approach to treatment. We recently reported that the G protein-coupled receptor CCR5, which contributes to stem cell expansion in other cancers, is overexpressed in glioblastoma cells. Overexpression of the CCR5 ligand CCL5 (RANTES) in glioblastoma completes a potential autocrine activation loop to promote tumor proliferation and invasion. CCL5 was not expressed in glioblastoma stem cells, suggesting a need for paracrine activation of CCR5 signaling by the stromal cells. TME-associated immune cells, such as resident microglia, infiltrating macrophages, T cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, possibly release CCR5 ligands, providing heterologous signaling between stromal and glioblastoma stem cells. Herein, we review current therapies for glioblastoma, the role of CCR5 in other cancers, and the potential role for CCR5 inhibitors in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA;
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Sriharsha Jammula
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Gina Cicero
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Philadelphia, 100 East Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA 19069, USA
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA;
- School of Medicine, Xavier University, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba; (S.J.); (G.C.); (A.W.A.)
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Liu F, Wu H. CC Chemokine Receptors in Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Inflammation-Related Prognostic Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutic Targets. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:267-285. [PMID: 33574689 PMCID: PMC7872903 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s278395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer with a high incidence and increased mortality. CC chemokine receptors were participating in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and involved in carcinogenesis and tumor development. However, the potential mechanistic values of CC chemokine receptors as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD have not been fully clarified. Methodology ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, SurvExpress, MethSurv, SurvivalMeth, cBioPortal, String, GeneMANIA, DAVID, Metascape, TRRUST, LinkedOmics, and Timer were applied in this work. Results The transcriptional levels of CCR1/10 in LUAD tissues were significantly reduced while the transcriptional levels of CCR3/6/7/8 were significantly elevated, and the expression of CCR1 was the highest in LUAD among these CC chemokine receptors. A significant correlation was found between the expression of CCR2/4/6/7 and the pathological stage of LUAD patients. There were significant associations between CCR2/3/4/5/6/10 expression levels and OS in LUAD, and LUAD patients with high transcriptional levels of CCR3/4 had inferior first-progression survival. In addition, the prognostic values of CC chemokine receptors signature in LUAD were explored in three independent cohorts, the high-risk group displayed unfavorable OS compared with the low-risk group, and the LUAD cases in the high-risk group also suffered inferior RFS than that in the low-risk group. And for the prognostic value of the DNA methylation of CC chemokine receptors, we found 1 CpG of CCR2, 2 CpGs of CCR3, 1 CpG of CCR4, 3 CpGs of CCR6, 3 CpGs of CCR7, 1 CpG of CCR8, and 3 CpGs of CCR9 were significantly associated with prognosis in LUAD patients. However, the DNA methylation signature analysis showed there was no statistically significant association between the high- and low-risk group. For potential mechanism, the neighbor gene networks, interaction analyses, functional enrichment analyses of CC chemokine receptors in LUAD were performed, the transcription factor targets, kinase targets, and miRNA targets of CC chemokine receptors were also identified in LUAD. We also found significant correlations among CC chemokine receptors expression and the infiltration of immune cells, the tumor infiltration levels among LUAD with different somatic copy number alterations of these chemokine receptors were also assessed. Moreover, the Cox proportional hazard model showed that CCR1/2/10, B_cell, CD4_Tcell were significantly related to the clinical outcome of LUAD patients. Conclusion CC chemokine receptors might serve as immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangteng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330009, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Hengyu Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330009, People's Republic of China
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Stock C. Circulating Tumor Cells: Does Ion Transport Contribute to Intravascular Survival, Adhesion, Extravasation, and Metastatic Organotropism? Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:139-175. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Long J, Zhang S, Zeng X, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Ye Y, Wu W, Jin F, Zhou S, Zeng Z. Development of an Immunogenomic Landscape-Based Prognostic Index of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:586344. [PMID: 33330624 PMCID: PMC7732611 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.586344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth leading cancer by incidence worldwide, with approximately 700,000 new cases in 2018 (accounting for 11% of all cancers). The occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the immunological function of the body and sensitivity to treatment schemes as well as prognosis. It is urgent for clinicians to systematically study patients’ immune gene maps to help select a treatment plan and analyze the potential to cure HNSCC. Here, the transcriptomic data of HNSCC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and 4,793 genes differentially expressed in normal and cancer tissues of HNSCC were identified, including 1,182 downregulated and 3,611 upregulated genes. From these genes, 400 differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) were extracted, including 95 downregulated genes and 305 upregulated genes. The prognostic values of IRGs were evaluated by univariate Cox analysis, and 236 genes that were significantly related to the overall survival (OS) of patients were identified. The signaling pathways that play roles in the prognosis of IRGs were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and the expression profiles of IRGs and OS in 499 HNSCC patients based on TCGA dataset were integrated. Potential molecular mechanisms and characteristics of these HNSCC-specific IRGs were further explored with the help of a new prognostic index based on IRGs developed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis. A total of 64 hub genes (IRGs associated with prognosis) were markedly associated with the clinical outcome of HNSCC patients. KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were actively involved in several pathways, e.g., cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, T-cell receptor signaling, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. IRG-based prognostic signatures performed moderately in prognostic predictions. Interestingly, the prognostic index based on IRGs reflected infiltration by several types of immune cells. These data screened several IRGs of clinical significance and revealed drivers of the immune repertoire, demonstrating the importance of a personalized IRG-based immune signature in the recognition, surveillance, and prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Long
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianlin Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuannong Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weili Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Intervention, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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O’Brien A, Gasheva O, Alpini G, Zawieja D, Gashev A, Glaser S. The Role of Lymphatics in Cholestasis: A Comprehensive Review. Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40:403-410. [PMID: 32906164 PMCID: PMC9624117 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide and stems from a plethora of causes such as immune dysfunction, genetics, cancerous growths, and lifestyle choices. While not considered a classical lymphatic organ, the liver plays a vital role in the lymph system producing up to half of the body's lymph per day. The lymphatic system is critical to the health of an organism with its networks of vessels that provide drainage for lymphatic fluid and routes for surveilling immune cells. Cholestasis results in an increase of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and inflammatory infiltrate. Left unchecked, further disease progression will include collagen deposition which impedes both the hepatic and lymphatic ducts, eventually resulting in an increase in hepatic decompensation, increasing portal pressures, and accumulation of fluid within the abdominal cavity (ascites). Despite the documented interplay between these vital systems, little is known about the effect of liver disease on the lymph system and its biological response. This review looks at the current cholestatic literature from the perspective of the lymphatic system and summarizes what is known about the role of the lymph system in liver pathogenesis during hepatic injury and remodeling, immune-modulating events, or variations in interstitial pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- April O’Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Olga Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Anatoliy Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
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Ran QC, Long SR, Ye Y, Xie C, XuXiao ZL, Liu YS, Pang HX, Sunchuri D, Teng NC, Guo ZL. Mining TCGA database for prognostic genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:661-667. [PMID: 33854716 PMCID: PMC8025193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of tumor microenvironment-related genes on the prognosis of HNSCC and to obtain tumor microenvironment-related genes that can predict poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Materials and methods The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to the HNSCC transcriptomic data downloaded from the TCGA (The cancer genome atlas), and then the samples were divided into two groups: high and low immune scoring groups, and high and low basal scoring groups to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with poor patient outcomes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential functions of DEGs, and then to explore the potential prognostic value of individual DEGs. The results of survival analysis between DEGs and overall survival (OS) to explore tumor microenvironment-related genes relevant to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Results Fifty-nine tumor microenvironment-related genes were screened for association of OS with HNSCC (P < 0.05). The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the selected DEGs may mediate immune response, extracellular matrix, and immunoglobulin binding via neutrophil activation in HNSCC. Six of these DEGs, GIMAP6, SELL, TIFAB, KCNA3, P2RY8 and CCR4 were most significantly associated with OS (P < 0.001). Conclusion We identified six tumor microenvironment-related genes that were significantly associated with poor prognosis in HNSCC. These genes may inspire researchers to discover new targets and approaches for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Chi Ran
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Department of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ye
- Technology Section, Duoyi Network, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Xie
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Zhuo-Lin XuXiao
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Yu-Song Liu
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Hong-Xia Pang
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Diwas Sunchuri
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Fax: +886 227362295.
| | - Zhu-Ling Guo
- School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Water-Pipe Smoking Exposure Deregulates a Set of Genes Associated with Human Head and Neck Cancer Development and Prognosis. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030073. [PMID: 32961854 PMCID: PMC7560251 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is becoming the most popular form of tobacco use among the youth, especially in the Middle East, replacing cigarettes rapidly and becoming a major risk of tobacco addiction worldwide. Smoke from WPS contains similar toxins as those present in cigarette smoke and is linked directly with different types of cancers including lung and head and neck (HN) carcinomas. However, the underlying molecular pathways and/or target genes responsible for the carcinogenic process are still unknown. In this study, human normal oral epithelial (HNOE) cells, NanoString PanCancer Pathways panel of 770 gene transcripts and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis were applied to discover differentially expressed genes (DEG) modulated by WPS. In silico analysis was performed to analyze the impact of these genes in HN cancer patient’s biology and outcome. We found that WPS can induce the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT: hallmark of cancer progression) of HNOE cells. More significantly, our analysis of NanoString revealed 23 genes deregulated under the effect of WPS, responsible for the modulation of cell cycle, proliferation, migration/invasion, apoptosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory response. Further analysis was performed using qRT-PCR of HNOE WPS-exposed and unexposed cells supported the reliability of our NanoString data. Moreover, we demonstrate those DEG to be upregulated in cancer compared with normal tissue. Using the Kaplan–Meier analysis, we observed a significant association between WPS-deregulated genes and relapse-free survival/overall survival in HN cancer patients. Our findings imply that WPS can modulate EMT as well as a set of genes that are directly involved in human HN carcinogenesis, thereby affecting HN cancer patients’ survival.
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Jin Y, Qin X. Development of a Prognostic Signature Based on Autophagy-related Genes for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:860-867. [PMID: 32948377 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignant tumor with relative low survival rate. Increasingly evidences have emphasized the importance of autophagy in cancer initiation, progression, and the responses to cancer treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential biological and prognostic significance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in HNSCC patients. METHODS We collected a list of ARGs from Human Autophagy Database and obtained expression profiles and clinical information of HNSCC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal. Differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed by R software. The prognostic value of differentially expressed ARGs was detected by Cox regression analysis and prognosis-related ARGs were subjected to LASSO regression analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied to identify promising independent prognosticators for HNSCC. RESULTS A total of 35 differentially expressed ARGs were screened out and functional enrichment analysis results indicated these genes were mainly associated with autophagy-related biological processes and pathways. Seven prognosis-related ARGs (ITGA3, CDKN2A, FADD, NKX2-3, BAK1, CXCR4, and HSPB8) were selected to construct a risk signature, which proved to be effective in predicting the survival rate of HNSCC patients. Moreover, univariate analysis showed risk score, tumor stage, T stage, and N stage were negatively correlated with patient overall survival and the multivariate Cox regression analysis results indicated risk score, age, and N stage was significantly associated with patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may provide novel evidences for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, PR China
| | - Xing Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Qi B, Fang Q, Liu S, Hou W, Li J, Huang Y, Shi J. Advances of CCR5 antagonists: From small molecules to macromolecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112819. [PMID: 32947226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 5(CCR5) is a cell membrane protein from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) family, which is an important modulator for leukocyte activation and mobilization. In the 1980s, several reports suggest that lack of the HIV-1 co-receptor, the chemokine receptor CCR5, offers protection against HIV infection. Later, it was shown that CCR5 was confirmed to be the most common co-receptor for the HIV-1 virus R5 strain. In recent years, many studies have shown that CCR5 is closely related to the development of various cancers and inflammations to facilitate the discovery of CCR5 antagonists. There are many types of CCR5 antagonists, mainly including chemokine derivatives, non-peptide small molecule compounds, monoclonal antibodies, and peptide compounds. This review focus on the recent research processes and pharmacological effects of CCR5 antagonists such as Maraviroc, TAK-779 and PRO 140. After focusing on the therapeutic effect of CCR5 antagonists on AIDS, it also discusses the therapeutic prospect of CCR5 in other diseases such as inflammation and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Qi
- Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenli Hou
- Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yingchun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Resource Utilization, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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The CCL5/CCR5 Axis in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071765. [PMID: 32630699 PMCID: PMC7407580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can “hijack” chemokine networks to support tumor progression. In this context, the C-C chemokine ligand 5/C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCL5/CCR5) axis is gaining increasing attention, since abnormal expression and activity of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 have been found in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Numerous preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown a key role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer, and thus provided the rationale for clinical trials using the repurposed drug maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist used to treat HIV/AIDS. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer. First, it describes the involvement of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer progression, including autocrine and paracrine tumor growth, ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling and migration, cancer stem cell expansion, DNA damage repair, metabolic reprogramming, and angiogenesis. Then, it focuses on individual hematological and solid tumors in which CCL5 and CCR5 have been studied preclinically. Finally, it discusses clinical trials of strategies to counteract the CCL5/CCR5 axis in different cancers using maraviroc or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
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Xu B, Deng C, Wu X, Ji T, Zhao L, Han Y, Yang W, Qi Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang Y. CCR9 and CCL25: A review of their roles in tumor promotion. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9121-9132. [PMID: 32401349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines constitute a superfamily of small chemotactic cytokines with functions that are based on interactions with their corresponding receptors. It has been found that, among other functions, chemokines regulate the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells. Multiple studies have confirmed that chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) and its exclusive ligand, chemokine 25 (CCL25), are overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and are closely associated with tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and drug resistance. This review evaluates recent advances in understanding the role of CCR9/CCL25 in cancer development. First, we outline the general background of chemokines in cancer and the structure and function of CCR9 and CCL25. Next, we describe the basic function of CCR9/CCL25 in the cancer process. Then, we introduce the role of CCR9/CCL25 and related signaling pathways in various cancers. Finally, future research directions are proposed. In general, this paper is intended to serve as a comprehensive repository of information on this topic and is expected to contribute to the design of other research projects and future efforts to develop treatment strategies for ameliorating the effects of CCR9/CCL25 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuehu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yating Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Rizeq B, Malki MI. The Role of CCL21/CCR7 Chemokine Axis in Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1036. [PMID: 32340161 PMCID: PMC7226115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, predominantly caused by metastasis. It is generally accepted that the pattern of breast cancer metastasis is largely determined by the interaction between the chemokine receptors on cancer cells and the chemokines expressed at the sites of metastatic disease. Chemokine receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family that appear to be implicated in inflammatory diseases, tumor growth and metastasis. One of its members, C-C Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), binds chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which are important for tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance and tumorigenesis. These receptors have been shown to induce the pathobiology of breast cancer due to their ability to induce cellular proliferation and migration upon the binding of the cognate chemokine receptors. The underlying signaling pathways and exact cellular interactions within this biological system are not fully understood and need further insights. Thus, in this review, we summarize the essential roles of CCR7 and its receptors in breast cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms of regulation that may lead to novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Despite the enormous advances in our knowledge of the nature of the chemokines in breast cancer metastasis, research about the involvement of CCR7 in cancer progression is still limited. Therefore, further studies are essential to illustrate the distinct roles of CCR7 in cancer progression and validate its potential as a preventive bio-factor for human breast cancer metastasis by targeting chemokine receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Imad Malki
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box. 2713, Doha, Qatar;
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Oral lichen planus interactome reveals CXCR4 and CXCL12 as candidate therapeutic targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5454. [PMID: 32214134 PMCID: PMC7096434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, we face difficulty in generating new hypotheses and understanding oral lichen planus due to the large amount of biomedical information available. In this research, we have used an integrated bioinformatics approach assimilating information from data mining, gene ontologies, protein–protein interaction and network analysis to predict candidate genes related to oral lichen planus. A detailed pathway analysis led us to propose two promising therapeutic targets: the stromal cell derived factor 1 (CXCL12) and the C-X-C type 4 chemokine receptor (CXCR4). We further validated our predictions and found that CXCR4 was upregulated in all oral lichen planus tissue samples. Our bioinformatics data cumulatively support the pathological role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in oral lichen planus. From a clinical perspective, we suggest a drug (plerixafor) and two therapeutic targets for future research.
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Jeske SS, Schuler PJ, Doescher J, Theodoraki MN, Laban S, Brunner C, Hoffmann TK, Wigand MC. Age-related changes in T lymphocytes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:3. [PMID: 32082401 PMCID: PMC7017629 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The number of aging cancer patients has increased continuously and will do so further in the future. The immune system of elderly people experiences critical changes over the time. Therefore, tumor-induced changes in the immune system are believed to differ in young and elderly cancer patients as well. Methods The effect of aging on the immune system was measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy volunteers (n = 48, 21–84 yrs.) divided into three different age groups. Seventy years was set as a cut-off for defining subjects as elderly. Results were compared to two groups of adult cancer patients, which donated PBL and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL): young cancer patients (40–69 yrs.; blood: n = 13; TIL: n = 17) and elderly cancer patients (70–90 yrs.; blood: n = 20; TIL: n = 15) with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Frequencies and phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as regulatory T cells (Treg) were assessed by flow cytometry. Results We observed lower frequencies of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells during aging in both groups. Frequencies of tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells were significantly higher than in the peripheral blood but showed a significant decline in older tumor patients. With increasing age, expression of immunosuppressive CD73 and CCR7 was lower and expression of PD1 elevated on peripheral T cells in healthy volunteers and tumor patients. Conclusion Immunosenescence takes place in healthy donors and cancer patients. Our results suggest that in elderly tumor patients, the immune system is impaired and the tumor-induced immune escape is less pronounced. The increased expression of PD1 implies the potential for effective immunotherapies in elderly, as treatment with checkpoint inhibitors could be more beneficial for elderly HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Jeske
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - P J Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - J Doescher
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - M N Theodoraki
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - S Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - C Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - T K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - M C Wigand
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Upadhyaya C, Jiao X, Ashton A, Patel K, Kossenkov AV, Pestell RG. The G protein coupled receptor CCR5 in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 145:29-47. [PMID: 32089164 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The G coupled protein receptor CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) has the unusual characteristic in humans of being a developmentally non-essential gene that participates in several pathological processes including infection with HIV (Dean et al., 1996; Gupta et al., 2019; Samson et al., 1996), progression of stroke (Joy et al., 2019), osteoporosis (Xie et al., 2019) and the metastasis of cancer (Jiao et al., 2018; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) (Reviewed in: Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). The importance of CCR5 in HIV led to recent genetic engineering of humans to recreate a non-functional CCR5 gene. Thus, although the application of gene-editing tools, to manipulate human embryos is prohibited in the United States, and China. at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong (http://www.nationalacademies.org/), it was claimed that CRISPR-Cas9 systems had been used to edit the CCR5 gene in twin baby girls. The importance of CCR5 in stroke has led to clinical trials using maraviroc (NCT03172026). The key function of CCR5 in cancer metastasis and homing (Jiao et al., 2018; Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) has led to three active clinical trials for metastatic cancer using CCR5 antagonists (Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). Thus, it was surprising to find that the all-cause mortality rate in individuals who are homozygous for the CCR5△32 allele in the United Kingdom normal population was increased >20% increase, with an almost 2 year reduction overall lifespan (Wei & Nielsen, 2019). The current review herein discusses the distinct functions of CCR5 in human disease and potential avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Upadhyaya
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - Anthony Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Division of Perinatal Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kishan Patel
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States.
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Liu S, Tian W, Li B. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies NEK2 as a Potential Biomarker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:100-108. [PMID: 31460782 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Burong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Qi F, Wang L, Huang P, Zhao Z, Yang B, Xia J. Time-series clustering of cytokine expression after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1175-1186. [PMID: 31966047 PMCID: PMC6955652 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the development of tumors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms and cytokine level changes after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) program was utilized to cluster cytokine expression profiles from the day before TACE to day 21 post-TACE. Based on the identified significant signatures, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed. Cytokines were serially monitored in 60 evaluable patients to identify the results of the STEM program. Examination of the significant signatures identified 6 significant time-varied expression patterns for 507 cytokines (profiles 16, 18, 28, 41, 42 and 43). GO analysis was enriched in 'cytokine receptor-binding' and 'cytokine receptor activity', and the identified signaling pathways included 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' and the 'JAK-STAT signaling pathway'. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) level was increased early after TACE, reaching a peak on day 7 before finally decreasing from day 14 onwards, and was significantly positively correlated with aminotransferase level. Serum levels of pre-TACE IL-10 predicted the local tumor response and overall survival (OS) of the patients, while serum levels of post-TACE IL-1β only indicated the local tumor response of the patient. Overall, the present study identified cytokine time-series expression profiles of patients with HCC undergoing TACE. Early phase increases in CNTF after TACE were associated with post-treatment hepatic injury. IL-1β may reflect an objective response after TACE, while IL-10 may represent a biomarker for OS and the objective response pre-TACE, which may help patients with HCC to benefit from TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Jiao X, Nawab O, Patel T, Kossenkov AV, Halama N, Jaeger D, Pestell RG. Recent Advances Targeting CCR5 for Cancer and Its Role in Immuno-Oncology. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4801-4807. [PMID: 31292161 PMCID: PMC6810651 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experiments of nature have revealed the peculiar importance of the G-protein-coupled receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), in human disease since ancient times. The resurgence of interest in heterotypic signals in the onset and progression of tumorigenesis has led to the current focus on CCR5 as an exciting new therapeutic target for metastatic cancer with clinical trials now targeting breast and colon cancer. The eutopic expression of CCR5 activates calcium signaling and thereby augments regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. The misexpression of CCR5 in epithelial cells, induced upon oncogenic transformation, hijacks this migratory phenotype. CCR5 reexpression augments resistance to DNA-damaging agents and is sufficient to induce cancer metastasis and "stemness". Recent studies suggest important cross-talk between CCR5 signaling and immune checkpoint function. Because CCR5 on Tregs serves as the coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry, CCR5-targeted therapeutics used in HIV, [small molecules (maraviroc and vicriviroc) and a humanized mAb (leronlimab)], are now being repositioned in clinical trials as cancer therapeutics. As CCR5 is expressed on a broad array of tumors, the opportunity for therapeutic repositioning and the rationale for combination therapy approaches are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Nawab
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, New York
| | - Tejal Patel
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, New York
| | | | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor-Immunity, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhou X, Liao X, Wang X, Huang K, Yang C, Yu T, Liu J, Han C, Zhu G, Su H, Qin W, Han Q, Liu Z, Huang J, Gong Y, Ye X, Peng T. Clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanism of C‑C motif chemokine receptors in patients with early‑stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1856-1868. [PMID: 31432181 PMCID: PMC6775805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the clinical significance and potential molecular mechanisms of C‑C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) genes in patients with early‑stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The transcriptomic, survival and clinical data of 112 patients with early‑stage PDAC who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The prognostic values of the CCR genes involved in early‑stage PDAC were evaluated using Kaplan‑Meier analysis and the multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model, and the potential molecular mechanisms were determined using bioinformatics tools. The identified CCRs closely interacted with each other at both the gene and protein levels. High expression levels of CCR5 [adjusted P=0.012; adjusted hazard ration (HR)=0.478, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.269‑0.852], CCR6 (adjusted P=0.026; adjusted HR=0.527, 95% CI=0.299‑0.927) and CCR9 (adjusted P=0.001; adjusted HR=0.374, 95% CI=0.209‑0.670) were significantly associated with longer overall survival times in patients with early‑stage PDAC. The contribution of CCR5, CCR6 and CCR9 to the outcome of early‑stage PDAC was also demonstrated. Combined survival analysis of CCR5, CCR6 and CCR9 suggested that patients with high expression levels of these CCRs exhibited the most favorable outcomes. A prognostic signature was constructed in terms of the expression level of CC5, CCR6 and CCR9, and time‑dependent receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that this signature was able to effectively predict the outcome of patients with early‑stage PDAC. The potential molecular mechanisms of CCR5, CC6 and CCR9 in PDAC include its intersection of the P53, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, generic transcription, mitogen‑activated protein kinase and STAT signaling pathways. Collectively, this highlights that CCR5, CCR6 and CCR9 are potential prognostic biomarkers for early‑stage PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Jianlv Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
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Liang Y, Feng G, Zhong S, Gao X, Tong Y, Cui W, Huang G, Zhang Z, Zhou X. An Inflammation-Immunity Classifier of 11 Chemokines for Prediction of Overall Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4485-4494. [PMID: 31203306 PMCID: PMC6592142 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are important in inflammation, immunity, tumor progression, and metastasis. The purpose of this research was to find an integrated-RNA signature of chemokine family genes to predict the survival prognosis in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant data of 504 HNSC patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Through analyzing RNA sequencing data, the univariate Cox model was used to identify chemokine family genes associated with survival and then to develop a multiple-RNA signature in the training set. The prediction value of this multiple-RNA signature was further verified in the validation and entire sets. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive value of this multiple-RNA signature. RESULTS Eleven chemokines were included in this prognostic signature. Based on this 11-chemokine signature, we further categorized patients as high or low risk. Compared with low-risk patients, high-risk patients had shorter overall survival (OS) time in the training set [hazard ratio (HR)=3.497, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.142-5.711, p<0.001], validation set (HR=3.575, 95% CI=1.988-6.390, p<0.001), and entire set (HR=3.416, 95% CI=2.363-4.939, p<0.001). This 11-chemokine signature was an independent prognostic factor for OS in these datasets (p<0.05). The AUC values for predicting overall survival within 48 months in the training, validation, and entire sets were 0.71, 0.69, and 0.69, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This 11-chemokine signature could serve as a reliable prognostic tool for HNSC patients and might be useful to guide individualized treatment or even gene target therapy for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guofei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Suhua Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wanmeng Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Domingueti CB, Janini JBM, Paranaíba LMR, Lozano-Burgos C, Olivero P, González-Arriagada WA. Prognostic value of immunoexpression of CCR4, CCR5, CCR7 and CXCR4 in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and floor of the mouth. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e354-e363. [PMID: 31011147 PMCID: PMC6530956 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diverse studies have evidenced that chemokines can play a critical role in pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The main chemokines involved in oral carcinogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis are CCR4, CCR5, CCR7 and CXCR4, and our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of the immunoexpression of these chemokines in SCC of tongue and floor of the mouth. Material and Methods A retrospective descriptive study of the immunohistochemical expression of CCR4, CCR5, CCR7 and CXCR4 in paraffin-embedded samples of 124 patients with SCC of the tongue and floor of the mouth was performed, considering 98 cases from Brazil and 26 cases from Chile. Associations between variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Survival curves were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with long-rank test. For multivariate survival analysis, the Cox hazard model was established. The level of significance established was p≤0.05. Results The statistical analysis showed that samples with well or moderate WHO model differentiation (p=0.001) and a high expression of CCR5 (p=0.05) were significantly associated with a higher disease specific survival, which were also observed in Cox´s multivariate analysis (p=0.01). A higher expression of CCR7 (p=0.01) interfered significantly in disease-free survival in univariate analysis and in Cox´s multivariate analysis (p=0.05). Conclusions These results support additional evidence, showing that chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR7 are helpful as biomarkers of poor prognosis in patients with SCC of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, prognosis, survival, chemokine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-B Domingueti
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Subida Leopoldo Carvallo 211, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile,
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