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Wang H, Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhou X. Bexarotene Induce Differentiation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells through Arg-1 Signalling Pathway. Transplant Proc 2024:S0041-1345(24)00321-X. [PMID: 38981763 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to minimize the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs and ultimately induce long-term graft survival. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can be used for immunosuppressive treatment of solid organ transplants. METHODS Granular macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and bexarotene, an X receptor-selective retinoid, were used for in vitro MDSC induction. Cell phenotypes were detected using flow cytometry, while mRNA was detected via real-time PCR. A mouse skin transplantation model was used to verify the inhibitory effects of this treatment. RESULTS The combination of GM-CSF and bexarotene-induced MDSC differentiation. MDSCs induce immune tolerance by inhibiting T-cell proliferation, influencing cytokine secretion, and inducing T-cell transformation into Treg cells. Combination treatment significantly up-regulated Arg-1 expression in MDSCs. The Arg-1 inhibitor nor-NOHA neutralized the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, suggesting the involvement of Arg-1 in MDSC-mediated immunosuppression. GM-CSF and bexarotene-induced MDSCs prolong graft survival in mouse skin transplants, exhibiting in vivo immunosuppressive effects. CONCLUSIONS A new method for inducing MDSCs is presented. The combination of GM-CSF and bexarotene induces MDSCs with remarkable regulatory functions. Adoptive transfer of the induced MDSCs extended allograft survival. These results suggest that MDSCs can potentially be used in future clinical transplants to inhibit rejection, reduce adverse events, and induce operative tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhou Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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He XY, Que LY, Yang F, Feng Y, Ren D, Song X. Single-cell transcriptional profiling in osteosarcoma and the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the tumor microenvironment. J Bone Oncol 2024; 46:100604. [PMID: 38765702 PMCID: PMC11101886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor, originates from the bone marrow. Currently, treatment for OS remains limited, making it urgent to understand the immune response in the tumor microenvironment of patients with OS. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed, including cell clustering subgroups, differential expression genes screening, proposed temporal order, and genomic variant analysis on single-cell RNA-sequencing data, from ten pre-chemotherapy patients and eleven post-chemotherapy patients. Subsequently, we analyzed the differentiation trajectories of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in detail to compare the changes in cell proportions and differential genes pre- and post-chemotherapy. The nine cell types were identified, including fibroblasts, myeloid cells, osteoblasts, TILs, osteoclasts, proliferative osteoblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and B cells. Post-chemotherapy treatment, the proportions of myeloid cells and TILs in OS were declined, while the number of osteoblasts was elevated. Besides, a decrease was observed in CD74, FTL, FTH1, MT1X and MT2A, and an increase in PTN, COL3A1, COL1A1, IGFBP7 and FN1. Meanwhile, EMT, DNA repair, G2M checkpoint, and E2F targets were highly enriched post-chemotherapy. Furthermore, there was a down-regulation in the proportions of CD14 monocytes, Tregs, NK cells and CD1C-/CD141-DCs, while an up-regulation was observed in the proportions of SELENOP macrophages, IL7R macrophages, COL1A1 macrophages, CD1C DCs, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Overall, these findings revealed changes in the tumor microenvironment of OS post-chemotherapy treatment, providing a new direction for investigating OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yu He
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Liu-yi Que
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Dong Ren
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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Bhuyan G, Hazarika P, Rabha AM. Evaluation of the significance of tumor stromal patterns and peri-tumoral inflammation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with special reference to the Yamamoto-Kohama classification. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:340-348. [PMID: 38427768 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_426_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with 878,348 new cases. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant cell type in tumor stroma and are important promoters of tumor progression. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of desmoplastic stromal reaction and peri-tumoral inflammatory infiltrate with the histological grade and clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 cases of HNSCC were included in the study. The hematoxylin and eosin (H and E)-stained sections from all cases were examined by two experienced pathologists for the grade, nature of stomal reaction (SR), peri-tumoral inflammatory infiltration, Yamamoto-Kohama classification grade, worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), depth of invasion (DOI), and other histopathological parameters. Correlation analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test. P- value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Immature SR was not observed in any of the well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. However, one (3.7%) case of moderately differentiated SCC and two (28.6%) cases of poorly differentiated SCC showed signs of immature SR. In the case of the higher grades of the YK classification, specifically grades 4C and 4D, a more profound depth of tumor cell invasion, equal to or exceeding 10 mm, was evident in six (66.67%) and two (28.57%) cases, respectively. Additionally, among the seven (11.7%) cases classified as poorly differentiated carcinoma, three (42.85%) displayed a WPOI score of 5. CONCLUSION SR and the tumor invasive pattern in HNSCC are related to prognosis and may indicate tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geet Bhuyan
- Department of Pathology, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Prabir Hazarika
- Department of Pathology, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Anju M Rabha
- Department of Pathology, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Xia C, Zhang Q, Pu Y, Hu Q, Wang Y. Cell fusion between tumor cells and macrophages promotes the metastasis of OSCC patient through the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6940. [PMID: 38457216 PMCID: PMC10923029 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is responsible for the high mortality rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although many hypotheses have been proposed to elucidate the mechanism of tumor metastasis, the origin of the metastatic tumor cells remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of cell fusion in the formation of OSCC metastatic tumor cells. METHODS Murine OSCC tumor cells and macrophages were fused in vitro, and the cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis abilities of hybrid cells and parental cells were compared. Subsequently, we compared the transcriptome differences between hybrid and parental cells. RESULTS Murine OSCC tumor cells and macrophages were successfully fused in vitro. The cytological and molecular experimental results revealed that OSCC tumor cells obtained a migration-related phenotype after fusion with macrophages, and the migration ability of hybrid cells was related to the activation of the "chemokine signal pathway". CONCLUSION After fusion with macrophages, the chemokine signaling pathway in OSCC tumor cells was activated, leading to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwan Xia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Orthognathic Plastic SurgeryNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Orthognathic Plastic SurgeryNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yumei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Orthognathic Plastic SurgeryNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Orthognathic Plastic SurgeryNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Orthognathic Plastic SurgeryNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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Kim J, Pena JV, McQueen HP, Kong L, Michael D, Lomashvili EM, Cook PR. Downstream STING pathways IRF3 and NF-κB differentially regulate CCL22 in response to cytosolic dsDNA. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:28-42. [PMID: 37990062 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is abnormal and typically indicates the presence of pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Multiple sensors detect cytosolic dsDNA and trigger robust immune responses via activation of type I interferons. Several cancer immunotherapy treatments also activate cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways, including oncolytic viruses, nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines, and pharmacological agonists. We report here that cytosolic dsDNA introduced into malignant cells can robustly upregulate expression of CCL22, a chemokine responsible for the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs in the tumor microenvironment are thought to repress anti-tumor immune responses and contribute to tumor immune evasion. Surprisingly, we found that CCL22 upregulation by dsDNA was mediated primarily by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key transcription factor that activates type I interferons. This finding was unexpected given previous reports that type I interferon alpha (IFN-α) inhibits CCL22 and that IRF3 is associated with strong anti-tumor immune responses, not Treg recruitment. We also found that CCL22 upregulation by dsDNA occurred concurrently with type I interferon beta (IFN-β) upregulation. IRF3 is one of two transcription factors downstream of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING), a hub adaptor protein through which multiple dsDNA sensors transmit their signals. The other transcription factor downstream of STING, NF-κB, has been reported to regulate CCL22 expression in other contexts, and NF-κB has also been associated with multiple pro-tumor functions, including Treg recruitment. However, we found that NF-κB in the context of activation by cytosolic dsDNA contributed minimally to CCL22 upregulation compared with IRF3. Lastly, we observed that two strains of the same cell line differed profoundly in their capacity to upregulate CCL22 and IFN-β in response to dsDNA, despite apparent STING activation in both cell lines. This finding suggests that during tumor evolution, cells can acquire, or lose, the ability to upregulate CCL22. This study adds to our understanding of factors that may modulate immune activation in response to cytosolic DNA and has implications for immunotherapy strategies that activate DNA sensing pathways in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Jocelyn V Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Hannah P McQueen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Dina Michael
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Elmira M Lomashvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Pamela R Cook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
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Vastrad SJ, Ritesh G, V SS, Saraswathy GR, Augustine D, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Ashi H, Alshahrani M, Hassan RN, Baeshen HA, Saravanan KS, Satish KS, Vutukuru P, Patil S. Panoramic view of key cross-talks underpinning the oral squamous cell carcinoma stemness - unearthing the future opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1247399. [PMID: 38170015 PMCID: PMC10759990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1247399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of oral cancer is often frequented with challenges that arise from relapse, recurrence, invasion and resistance towards the cornerstone chemo and radiation therapies. The recent conceptual advancement in oncology has substantiated the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) as a predominant player of these intricacies. CSC are a sub-group of tumor population with inherent adroitness to self-renew with high plasticity. During tumor evolution, the structural and functional reprogramming persuades the cancer cells to acquire stem-cell like properties, thus presenting them with higher survival abilities and treatment resistance. An appraisal on key features that govern the stemness is of prime importance to confront the current challenges encountered in oral cancer. The nurturing niche of CSC for maintaining its stemness characteristics is thought to be modulated by complex multi-layered components encompassing neoplastic cells, extracellular matrix, acellular components, circulatory vessels, various cascading signaling molecules and stromal cells. This review focuses on recapitulating both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that impart the stemness. There are contemplating evidences that demonstrate the role of transcription factors (TF) in sustaining the neoplastic stem cell's pluripotency and plasticity alongside the miRNA in regulation of crucial genes involved in the transformation of normal oral mucosa to malignancy. This review illustrates the interplay between miRNA and various known TF of oral cancer such as c-Myc, SOX, STAT, NANOG and OCT in orchestrating the stemness and resistance features. Further, the cross-talks involved in tumor micro-environment inclusive of cytokines, macrophages, extra cellular matrix, angiogenesis leading pathways and influential factors of hypoxia on tumorigenesis and CSC survival have been elucidated. Finally, external factorial influence of oral microbiome gained due to the dysbiosis is also emphasized. There are growing confirmations of the possible roles of microbiomes in the progression of oral cancer. Given this, an attempt has been made to explore the potential links including EMT and signaling pathways towards resistance and stemness. This review provides a spectrum of understanding on stemness and progression of oral cancers at various regulatory levels along with their current therapeutic knowledge. These mechanisms could be exploited for future research to expand potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya J. Vastrad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giri Ritesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sowmya S. V
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F. Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Haematology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AI Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Nabil Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences (Genome), Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kamatchi Sundara Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kshreeraja S. Satish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pravallika Vutukuru
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
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7
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Cheng D, Wang J, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yang Q, Yang Q, Zhao H, Huang J, Peng X. Chemokines: Function and therapeutic potential in bone metastasis of lung cancer. Cytokine 2023; 172:156403. [PMID: 37871366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor prognosis. Bone metastasis is commonly found in 40.6% of advanced-stage patients. The mortality rate of lung cancer patients with bone metastasis can be significantly decreased by implementing novel diagnostic techniques, improved staging and classification systems, precise surgical interventions, and advanced treatment modalities. However, it is important to note that there is currently a lack of radical procedures available for these patients due to the development of drug resistance. Consequently, palliative care approaches are commonly employed in clinical practice. Therefore, new understandings of the process of bone metastasis of lung cancer are critical for developing better treatment strategies to improve patient's clinical cure rate and quality of life. Chemokines are cell-secreted small signaling proteins in cancer occurrence, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In this study, we review the development of bone metastasis in lung cancer and discuss the mechanisms of specific chemokine families (CC, CXC, CX3C, and XC) in regulating the biological activities of tumors and promoting bone metastasis. We also highlight some preclinical studies and clinical trials on chemokines for lung cancer and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhou Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfang Xue
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huichuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jinbai Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China; Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, and School of Medicine of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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Lin Y, Qi Y, Jiang M, Huang W, Li B. Lactic acid-induced M2-like macrophages facilitate tumor cell migration and invasion via the GPNMB/CD44 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110972. [PMID: 37806107 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of oral and maxillofacial malignancies, characterized by a low five-year survival rate primarily caused by invasion and metastasis. The progression of OSCC is influenced by macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, which contributes to both local invasion and distant metastasis. Herein, it is of great necessity to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between OSCC cells and macrophages, as it remains unclear. In the present study, we found that lactic acid orchestrated intracellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB), a remarkable molecule preferentially expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), was significantly highly expressed in the OSCC tissue. The results showed that lactic acid induced macrophage polarization towards an M2-like phenotype and orchestrated GPNMB secretion from macrophages. Furthermore, paracrine GPNMB played a critical role in triggering tumor-promoting activities such as facilitating tumor cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In terms of molecular mechanism, GPNMB functionally interacted with the CD44 receptor, and then partially activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade. Silencing of CD44 could attenuate the tumor-promoting effects of GPNMB in OSCC cells. Collectively, our findings decipher a positive feedback loop in which tumor cells metabolically interact with macrophages in the OSCC microenvironment, highlighting the potential for therapeutic targeting of the GPNMB/CD44 axis as a promising strategy for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Experimental Teaching Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Experimental Teaching Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mingjing Jiang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Experimental Teaching Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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9
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Ji ZZ, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Leung KT, Jiang X, To KF, Wu Y, Tang PMK. Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1261749. [PMID: 37965573 PMCID: PMC10641386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Bąkowski P, Mieloch AA, Porzucek F, Mańkowska M, Ciemieniewska-Gorzela K, Naczk J, Piontek T, Rybka JD. Meniscus repair via collagen matrix wrapping and bone marrow injection: clinical and biomolecular study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:2409-2417. [PMID: 36764942 PMCID: PMC10522727 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The functional outcomes of arthroscopic matrix-based meniscus repair (AMMR) in patients two and five years after the treatment clearly show that the use of the collagen matrix and bone marrow aspirate creates favorable biological conditions for meniscus healing. This study not only provides ten follow-up results but also investigates biomolecular mechanisms governing the regenerative process. METHODS Case series was based on data collected from patients who underwent AMMR procedure, starting with preoperatively through two-year and five-year till ten-year follow-up. The outcomes are presented as IKDC and the Lysholm subjective scores as well as the imaging results. Biomolecular investigation of the membranes utilized in the AMMR procedure include DNA content analysis, cell viability and proliferation study of bone marrow and bone marrow concentrate-derived cells, and cytokine array performed on monocytes cultured on the membranes. CONCLUSION Data collected from patients who underwent AMMR procedure, starting with pre-operatively through two year and five year till ten year follow-up, indicate the possibility for long-term, stable meniscus preservation. Outcomes are manifested with a visible improvement of the IKDC and the Lysholm subjective scores as well as in the imaging results. The type of the meniscal tear or complexity of the knee injury (isolated AMMR vs. AMMR + ACL) did not affect the clinical outcomes. The study highlighted the role of the membrane in facilitating cell adhesion and proliferation. Additionally, several cytokines were selected as potentially crucial products of the membrane vs. monocyte interactions, driving the tissue regeneration and remodeling. Interestingly, thresholds of what constitutes a safe and well-decellularized membrane according to relevant literature have been significantly breached, but ultimately did not elicit detrimental side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bąkowski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rehasport Clinic, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Porzucek
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Mańkowska
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Naczk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rehasport Clinic, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piontek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rehasport Clinic, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.
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Kimura S, Sato H, Shimajiri S, Umehara T, Noguchi H, Niino D, Nakayama T. Association of troponin I and macrophages in cardiac tamponade with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20791. [PMID: 37860537 PMCID: PMC10582508 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute aortic dissection has a high mortality rate, especially for Stanford type A with a dissected ascending aorta. Cardiac tamponade is one of the most common complications of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and can cause death. However, the pathogenesis is often unclear. We aimed to examine laboratory findings at the onset of disease and macrophage involvement. Methods Hematological and biochemical parameters, and D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels in 70 patients with ATAAD at our hospital were investigated. Additionally, the myocardium and aorta after autopsy of an ATAAD case with cardiac tamponade were pathologically examined. Results Forty-four ATAAD cases were complicated by cardiac tamponade. The mean age of patients with cardiac tamponade and proportion of patients over 70 years of age were both significantly higher than for those without cardiac tamponade. Evaluable D-dimer values were higher than 0.5 μg/mL in all patients. Significantly elevated laboratory parameters in patients with cardiac tamponade included: lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, lactate, BNP, and hs-cTnI. However, multivariate analysis showed only hs-cTnI was significantly associated with cardiac tamponade. Histological examination revealed numerous M2-like macrophages infiltrating the myocardium and dissecting aorta, expressing CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2 together with vascular endothelial growth factor-C and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The peripheral monocyte-to-neutrophil ratio (MNR) was also significantly higher in cardiac tamponade. Conclusions In ATAAD patients with cardiac tamponade, hs-cTnI was significantly elevated and CCL2 expression was observed, which may be involved in the expression of M2-like macrophages via an increased MNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Umehara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Niino
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Yamakawa N, Nakayama Y, Ueda N, Yagyuu T, Tamaki S, Kirita T. Volume-based 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography parameters correlate with delayed neck metastasis in clinical early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:668-682. [PMID: 37081306 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-023-00686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no known preoperative marker that can effectively predict the risk of delayed neck metastasis (DNM), which is an important factor that determines the prognosis of early-stage oral cancer. In this study, we examined whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) uptake parameters of primary cancer can predict the risk of DNM in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Data from patients with stage I-II OSCC who underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor without elective neck dissection between January 2009 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, histopathological factors, and PET/CT parameters (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax], metabolic tumor volume [MTV], and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were evaluated for their association with DNM. DNM rates were calculated, and the parameters that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis were used as explanatory variables. Independent factors associated with DNM were identified using multivariate analysis. For all statistical analyses, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Data from 71 patients were analyzed in the study. The overall DNM rate among all patients was 21.8%. The univariate analysis showed that the T classification, depth of invasion, pattern of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were significant predictors of DNM. However, the multivariate analysis revealed that only the depth of invasion, MTV, and TLG were independent predictors of DNM. CONCLUSION This study suggests that, in addition to conventional predictors, volume-based PET parameters are useful predictors of DNM in those with early-stage OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yamakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yagyuu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Tamaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Turi M, Anilkumar Sithara A, Hofmanová L, Žihala D, Radhakrishnan D, Vdovin A, Knápková S, Ševčíková T, Chyra Z, Jelínek T, Šimíček M, Gullà A, Anderson KC, Hájek R, Hrdinka M. Transcriptome Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Inducibly Expressing MyD88 L265P Mutation Identifies Upregulated CD44, LGALS3, NFKBIZ, and BATF as Downstream Targets of Oncogenic NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065623. [PMID: 36982699 PMCID: PMC10057398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During innate immune responses, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) functions as a critical signaling adaptor protein integrating stimuli from toll-like receptors (TLR) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translates them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations in MyD88 trigger oncogenic NF-κB signaling independent of receptor stimulation, which leads to the development of B-cell malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved. We established an inducible system to introduce MyD88 to lymphoma cell lines and performed transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) to identify genes differentially expressed by MyD88 bearing the L265P oncogenic mutation. We show that MyD88L265P activates NF-κB signaling and upregulates genes that might contribute to lymphomagenesis, including CD44, LGALS3 (coding Galectin-3), NFKBIZ (coding IkBƺ), and BATF. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 can serve as a marker of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and that CD44 expression is correlated with overall survival in DLBCL patients. Our results shed new light on the downstream outcomes of MyD88L265P oncogenic signaling that might be involved in cellular transformation and provide novel therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Turi
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Anjana Anilkumar Sithara
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hofmanová
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Žihala
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dhwani Radhakrishnan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Vdovin
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sofija Knápková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jelínek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šimíček
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Dai X, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang L, Wu S, Chen H, Sun Y, Ma L, Ma L, Kong X, Jiang L. Biomarker Changes and Molecular Signatures Associated with Takayasu Arteritis Following Treatment with Glucocorticoids and Tofacitinib. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4395-4407. [PMID: 35945989 PMCID: PMC9357419 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s369963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze biomarker changes in patients with TAK following treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) and tofacitinib (TOF). Methods Seventeen patients from a prospective TAK cohort treated with GCs and TOF and 12 healthy individuals were recruited. TAK associated cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and MMPs were analyzed in these patients before and after GCs and TOF treatment, and healthy controls. Molecular signatures associated with clinical features were evaluated. Results Patients’ cytokines (PTX3, IL-6, IFN-γ), chemokines (IL-16, CCL22, CCL2), growth factors (VEGF), and MMP9 levels were significantly higher at baseline (all p < 0.05), while patients’ FGF-2 levels were significantly lower (p = 0.02). After treatment, IL-10 was significantly increased at 6 months (p=0.007), and inflammatory cytokines such as PTX3, IL-6 demonstrated a downward trend. Patients without vascular occlusion had higher baseline CCL22 levels than patients with it (p = 0.05), which remained persistently higher after treatment. Radar plot analysis demonstrated that PTX3 was closely correlated with disease activity. In addition, patients without imaging improvement had relatively higher baseline levels of CCL22, FGF-2, and PDGF-AB (p = 0.056, p = 0.06 and p = 0.08 respectively) and lower baseline levels of TNFα, ESR, and CRP (p=0.04, p=0.056, p=0.07, respectively) compared with patients without it. Conclusion GCs and TOF are effective in decreasing inflammatory molecules but have limited efficacy in regulating multiple other markers involved in TAK. PTX3 is a prominent marker for disease activity, and CCL22 may have a predictive value for vascular progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingying Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lindi Jiang; Xiufang Kong, Email ;
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15
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Zhang L, Wang X. An Immune-Related Gene Signature Can Predict Clinical Outcomes and Immunotherapeutic Response in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:870133. [PMID: 35860473 PMCID: PMC9289552 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.870133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Immune landscape is a key feature that affects cancer progression, survival, and treatment response. Herein, this study sought to comprehensively characterize the immune-related genes (IRGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and conduct an immune-related risk score (IRS) model for prognosis and therapeutic response prediction.Methods: Transcriptome profiles and follow-up data of OSCC cohorts were curated from TCGA, GSE41613, and IMvigor210 datasets. An IRS model was established through univariate Cox, Random Survival Forest, and multivariate Cox analyses. Prognostic significance was evaluated with Kaplan–Meier curves, ROC, uni- and multivariate Cox, and subgroup analyses. A nomogram was conducted and assessed with C-index, ROC, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses. Immune cell infiltration and immune response were estimated with ESTIMATE and ssGSEA methods.Results: An IRS model was constructed for predicting the overall survival and disease-free survival of OSCC, containing MASP1, HBEGF, CCL22, CTSG, LBP, and PLAU. High-risk patients displayed undesirable prognosis, and the predictive efficacy of this model was more accurate than conventional clinicopathological indicators. Multivariate Cox analyses demonstrated that this model was an independent risk factor. The nomogram combining IRS, stage, and age possessed high clinical application values. The IRS was positively associated with a nonflamed tumor microenvironment. Moreover, this signature enabled to predict immunotherapeutic response and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents (methotrexate and paclitaxel).Conclusion: Collectively, our study developed a robust IRS model with machine learning method to stratify OSCC patients into subgroups with distinct prognosis and benefits from immunotherapy, which might assist identify biomarkers and targets for immunotherapeutic schemes.
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Kimura S, Noguchi H, Yoshida K, Sato H, Nanbu U, Niino D, Shimajiri S, Nakayama T. Relationship of histamine expression with chemokine balance in the tumor microenvironment of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Head Neck 2022; 44:1554-1562. [PMID: 35411649 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as a factor affecting lymphocytes, have received much attention. Both lymphocytes and macrophages can switch the expression of histamine receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of histamine in the TME of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Sixty-seven patients with stage I tongue SCC were studied. Histamine was evaluated by the expression of L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Macrophages, T lymphocytes, and lymph vessel density, as well as the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and depth of invasion (DOI), were compared with HDC expression. RESULTS HDC expression was significantly affected by the TME. The DOI, worst pattern of invasion, and Ki-67 LI were associated with histamine expression. C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 and CCL22 were co-expressed with histamine H1 and H2 receptors. Histamine expression was most affected by the DOI. CONCLUSIONS Tongue SCC expressing histamine affected the TME via histamine receptors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosho Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Uki Nanbu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Daisuke Niino
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Staros R, Michalak A, Rusinek K, Mucha K, Pojda Z, Zagożdżon R. Perspectives for 3D-Bioprinting in Modeling of Tumor Immune Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133126. [PMID: 35804898 PMCID: PMC9265021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a living organism, cancer cells function in a specific microenvironment, where they exchange numerous physical and biochemical cues with other cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Immune evasion is a clinically relevant phenomenon, in which cancer cells are able to direct this interchange of signals against the immune effector cells and to generate an immunosuppressive environment favoring their own survival. A proper understanding of this phenomenon is substantial for generating more successful anticancer therapies. However, classical cell culture systems are unable to sufficiently recapture the dynamic nature and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to be of satisfactory use for comprehensive studies on mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. In turn, 3D-bioprinting is a rapidly evolving manufacture technique, in which it is possible to generate finely detailed structures comprised of multiple cell types and biomaterials serving as ECM-analogues. In this review, we focus on currently used 3D-bioprinting techniques, their applications in the TME research, and potential uses of 3D-bioprinting in modeling of tumor immune evasion and response to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Staros
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Kinga Rusinek
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-14-72; Fax: +48-22-502-21-59
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CCL22-Polarized TAMs to M2a Macrophages in Cervical Cancer In Vitro Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132027. [PMID: 35805111 PMCID: PMC9265611 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic cells susceptible to the local microenvironment which includes tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancers. TAMs are a collection of heterogeneous macrophages, including M1 and M2 subtypes, shaped by various activation modes and labeled with various markers in different tumors. CCL22+-infiltrating cells are thought to be significantly associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Moreover, CCL22 is an established marker of M2a macrophages. Although the phenotypic identification of M1 and M2 macrophages is well established in mice and human macrophages cultured in a medium with fetal calf serum (FCS), fewer studies have focused on M2 subtypes. In addition, the question of whether CCL22 affects polarization of M2a macrophages remains unanswered. This study constructed a co-culture system to shape TAMs in vitro. We found that CCL22 was mainly secreted by TAMs but not cervical cancer cell lines. Human peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into uncommitted macrophages (M0) and then polarized to M1, M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophages using LPS plus IFNr, IL-4, LPS plus IL1β, and IL-10, respectively. Using flowcytometry, we found CD80++ was the marker of M1 and M2b, CD206++ was the marker of M2a, and CD163++ was the marker of M2c, compared with M0 macrophages. By regulating CCL22, we found that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD206 in TAMs was significantly affected compared to the control group. Therefore, CCL22 could polarize TAMs of cervical cancer toward M2a macrophages. In conclusion, our study revealed that CCL22 could be a therapeutic target for cervical cancer, which might be because of its role in regulating macrophage polarization.
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Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236132. [PMID: 34885241 PMCID: PMC8656932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various immune cells are involved in host immune responses to cancer. T-helper (Th) 1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells are the major effector cells in anti-tumor immunity, whereas cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are negatively involved in anti-tumor immunity. Th2 cells and Th17 cells have been shown to have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. The migratory properties of various immune cells are essential for their function and critically regulated by the chemokine superfamily. In this review, we summarize the roles of various immune cells in tumor immunity and their migratory regulation by the chemokine superfamily. We also assess the therapeutic possibilities of targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the other hand, Th2 cells are involved in humoral immunity and suppressive to Th1 responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and may play a role in tumor progression. However, recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells are capable of directly inducting CTLs and thus may promote anti-tumor immunity. Besides these T cell subsets, there are many other innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in host immune responses to cancer. The migratory properties of various immune cells are critical for their functions and largely regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Thus, chemokines and chemokine receptors play vital roles in the orchestration of host immune responses to cancer. In this review, we overview the various immune cells involved in host responses to cancer and their migratory properties regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Understanding the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in host immune responses to cancer may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Yoshie O. CCR4 as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215542. [PMID: 34771703 PMCID: PMC8583476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CCR4 is a chemokine receptor selectively expressed on normal T cell subsets such as type 2 helper T cells, skin-homing T cells and regulatory T cells, and on skin-associated T cell malignancies such as adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which is etiologically associated with human T lymphocyte virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Mogamulizumab is a fully humanized and glyco-engineered monoclonal anti-CCR4 antibody used for the treatment of refractory/relapsed ATLL and CTCLs, often resulting in complete remission. The clinical applications of Mogamulizumab are now being extended to solid tumors, exploring the therapeutic effect of regulatory T cell depletion. This review overviews the expression of CCR4 in various T cell subsets, HTLV-1-infected T cells, ATLL and CTCLs, and the clinical applications of Mogamulizumab. Abstract CCR4 is a chemokine receptor mainly expressed by T cells. It is the receptor for two CC chemokine ligands, CCL17 and CCL22. Originally, the expression of CCR4 was described as highly selective for helper T type 2 (Th2) cells. Later, its expression was extended to other T cell subsets such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells. CCR4 has long been regarded as a potential therapeutic target for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. Furthermore, the findings showing that CCR4 is strongly expressed by T cell malignancies such as adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) have led to the development and clinical application of the fully humanized and glyco-engineered monoclonal anti-CCR4 Mogamulizumab in refractory/relapsed ATLL and CTCLs with remarkable successes. However, Mogamulizumab often induces severe adverse events in the skin possibly because of its efficient depletion of Treg cells. In particular, treatment with Mogamulizumab prior to allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the only curative option of these T cell malignancies, often leads to severe glucocorticoid-refractory graft-versus-host diseases. The efficient depletion of Treg cells by Mogamulizumab has also led to its clinical trials in advanced solid tumors singly or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The main focus of this review is CCR4; its expression on normal and malignant T cells and its significance as a therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yoshie
- Health and Kampo Institute, Sendai 981-3205, Japan;
- Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Aoinosono-Sendai Izumi Long-Term Health Care Facility, Sendai 981-3126, Japan
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21
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Shetty SS, Padam KSR, Hunter KD, Kudva A, Radhakrishnan R. Biological implications of the immune factors in the tumour microenvironment of oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105294. [PMID: 34735925 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to decipher the biological implications of the immune factors in the tumour microenvironment in oral cancer. The restoration of balance between tumour tolerance and tumour eradication by the host immune cells is critical to provide effective therapeutic strategies. DESIGN The specific role of the stromal and the immune components in oral cancer was reviewed with a tailored search strategy using relevant keywords. The articles were retrieved from bibliometric databases indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. An in silico analysis was performed to identify potential drug candidates for immunotherapy, by accessing the Drug-Gene Interactions Database (DGIdb) using the rDGIdb package. RESULTS There is compelling evidence for the role of the cellular and extracellular components of the tumour microenvironment in inducing immunosuppression and progression of oral cancer. The druggable candidates specifically targeting the immune system are a viable option in the treatment of oral cancer as they can regulate the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION A complex interaction between the tumour and the immunological microenvironment influences the disease outcome in oral cancer. Targeting specific components of the immune system might be relevant, as immunotherapy may become the new standard of care for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kanaka Sai Ram Padam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adarsh Kudva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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El-Guindy DM, Elgarhy LH, Elkholy RA, Ali DA, Helal DS. Potential role of tumor-associated macrophages and CD163/CD68 ratio in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome in correlation with serum sCD163 and CCL22. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 49:261-273. [PMID: 34687561 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no curative treatment options for mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) other than stem cell transplant. Understanding the interplay between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment could aid in the development of new therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) mostly have M2 phenotype that promotes tumor progression. This study investigated CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs as well as CD163/CD68 ratio in skin lesions from different stages of MF, large-plaque parapsoriasis, and SS. Moreover, we analyzed serum levels of sCD163 and CCL22 in correlation with TAMs count and CD163/CD68 ratio. CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs count significantly increased as the disease progressed. CD163/CD68 ratio was highest at MF tumor stage and SS indicating M2 polarization with disease progression. Significant positive correlations were detected between serum levels of sCD163 and CCL22 and CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs count and CD163/CD68 ratio. We concluded that TAMs play an important role in MF progression. High CD163/CD68 ratio in tumor stage MF and SS indicates M2 polarization of TAMs with tumor progression. CD163/CD68 ratio should be considered in assessing TAMs rather than total TAMs count. Also, sCD163 and CCL22 serum levels reflect M2 load and thus could be used as markers to assess disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M El-Guindy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamia H Elgarhy
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elkholy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina A Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Duaa S Helal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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23
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Cheng Y, Song S, Wu P, Lyu B, Qin M, Sun Y, Sun A, Mu L, Xu F, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang Q. Tumor Associated Macrophages and TAMs-Based Anti-Tumor Nanomedicines. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100590. [PMID: 34292673 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As an important part of tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of many malignant tumors and can significantly promote the formation of tumor blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, hence TAMs are greatly associated with poor prognosis. The research on nanomedicine has achieved huge progress, and nano-drugs have been widely utilized to treat various diseases through different mechanisms. Therefore, developing nano-drugs that are based on TAMs-associated anti-tumor mechanisms to effectively suppress tumor growth is expected to be a promising research filed. This paper introduces relevant information about TAMs in terms of their origin, and their roles in tumor genesis, development and metastasis. Furthermore, TAMs-related anti-tumor nano-drugs are summarized. Specifically, a wide range of nano-drugs targeting at TAMs are introduced, and categorized according to their therapeutic mechanisms toward tumors. Additionally, various nano delivery platforms using TAMs as cell carriers which aim at inhibiting tumor growth are reviewed. These two parts elucidate that the exploration of nanomedicine is essential to the study on TAMs-related anti-tumor strategies. This review is also intended to provide novel ideas for in-depth investigation on anti-tumor molecular mechanisms and nano-drug delivery systems based on TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Siyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Bochen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yanan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Aning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Limin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
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De Zutter A, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Chemokines by CD26 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174247. [PMID: 34503058 PMCID: PMC8428238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that fulfill a central function in cancer. Both tumor-promoting and -impeding roles have been ascribed to chemokines, which they exert in a direct or indirect manner. An important post-translational modification that regulates chemokine activity is the NH2-terminal truncation by peptidases. CD26 is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV), which typically clips a NH2-terminal dipeptide from the chemokine. With a certain degree of selectivity in terms of chemokine substrate, CD26 only recognizes chemokines with a penultimate proline or alanine. Chemokines can be protected against CD26 recognition by specific amino acid residues within the chemokine structure, by oligomerization or by binding to cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Upon truncation, the binding affinity for receptors and GAGs is altered, which influences chemokine function. The consequences of CD26-mediated clipping vary, as unchanged, enhanced, and reduced activities are reported. In tumors, CD26 most likely has the most profound effect on CXCL12 and the interferon (IFN)-inducible CXCR3 ligands, which are converted into receptor antagonists upon truncation. Depending on the tumor type, expression of CD26 is upregulated or downregulated and often results in the preferential generation of the chemokine isoform most favorable for tumor progression. Considering the tight relationship between chemokine sequence and chemokine binding specificity, molecules with the appropriate characteristics can be chemically engineered to provide innovative therapeutic strategies in a cancer setting.
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25
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Li X, Liu Z, Zhou W, Liu X, Cao W. Downregulation of CCL22 and mutated NOTCH1 in tongue and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma results in decreased Th2 cell recruitment and expression, predicting poor clinical outcome. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:922. [PMID: 34391381 PMCID: PMC8364714 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tongue and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma (T/MF SCC) exhibits a high rate of local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis. The effect of the tumor microenvironment on T/MF SCC remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptome and somatic mutation data of patients with T/MF SCC were obtained from HNSC projects of the Cancer Genome Atlas. Immune infiltration quantification in early- (clinical stage I-II) and advanced-stage (clinical stage III-IV) T/MF SCC was performed using single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and MCPcounter. Differentially expressed gene data were filtered, and their function was assessed through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression model were conducted to evaluate the survival of patients with the CCL22 signature. Maftools was used to present the overview of somatic mutations. RESULTS In T/MF SCC, T helper (Th)2 cell counts were significantly increased in patients with early-stage disease compared to those with advanced-stage disease. Expression of the Th2 cell-related chemokine, CCL22, was downregulated in patients with advanced-stage T/MF SCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that CCL22 was a good prognostic factor in T/MF SCC. A nomogram based on the expression of CCL22 was constructed to serve as a prognostic indicator for T/MF SCC. NOTCH1 mutations were found at a higher rate in patients with advanced-stage T/MF SCC than in those with early-stage T/MF SCC, resulting in the inhibition of the activation of the NOTCH1-Th2 cell differentiation pathway. The expression levels of CCL22, GATA-3, and IL4 were higher in patients with early-stage T/MF SCC than in those with advanced-stage T/MF SCC. CONCLUSION In T/MF SCC, high expression of CCL22 may promote the recruitment of Th2 cells and help predict a better survival. Mutations in NOTCH1 inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells, facilitating tumor progression through a decrease in Th2 cell recruitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck, Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for stomatology, National Clinical Research Center For Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck, Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for stomatology, National Clinical Research Center For Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck, Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for stomatology, National Clinical Research Center For Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Tongue Cancer Cell-Derived CCL20 Induced by Interaction With Macrophages Promotes CD163 Expression on Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667174. [PMID: 34178651 PMCID: PMC8219974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD163-positive macrophages contribute to the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We showed in a previous report that CD163-positive macrophages infiltrated not only to the cancer nest but also to its surrounding epithelium, depending on the presence of stromal invasion in tongue carcinogenesis. However, the role of intraepithelial macrophages in tongue carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the biological behavior of intraepithelial macrophages on their interaction with cancer cells. Materials and Methods We established the indirect coculture system (intraepithelial neoplasia model) and direct coculture system (invasive cancer model) of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived CD163-positive macrophages with SCC25, a tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line. Conditioned media (CM) harvested from these systems were analyzed using cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extracted a specific upregulated cytokine in CM from the direct coculture system (direct CM). The correlation of both this cytokine and its receptor with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated based on immunohistochemistry using clinical samples from 59 patients with TSCC. Moreover, the effect of this cytokine in direct CM on the phenotypic alterations of THP-1 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration assay. Results It was shown that CCL20 was induced in the direct CM specifically. Interestingly, CCL20 was produced primarily in SCC25. The expression level of CCR6, which is a sole receptor of CCL20, was higher than the expression level of SCC25. Our immunohistochemical investigation showed that CCL20 and CCR6 expression was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and the number of CD163-positive macrophages. Recombinant human CCL20 induced the CD163 expression and promoted migration of THP-1. We also confirmed that a neutralizing anti-CCL20 antibody blocked the induction of CD163 expression by direct CM in THP-1. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with the CCL20-driven induction of CD163 expression in THP-1. Conclusions Tongue cancer cell-derived CCL20 that was induced by interaction with macrophages promotes CD163 expression on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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27
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Ye J, Wang H, Cui L, Chu S, Chen N. The progress of chemokines and chemokine receptors in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:268-280. [PMID: 34077795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders and the main symptoms of ASD are impairments in social communication and abnormal behavioral patterns. Studies have shown that immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation play a key role in ASD patients and experimental models. Chemokines are groups of small proteins that regulate cell migration and mediate inflammation responses via binding to chemokine receptors. Thus, chemokines/chemokine receptors may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders and associated with ASD. In this review, we summarize the research progress of chemokine aberrations in ASD and also review the recent progress of clinical treatment of ASD and pharmacological research related to chemokines/chemokine receptors. This review highlights the possible connection between chemokines/chemokine receptors and ASD, and provides novel potential targets for drug discovery of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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28
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Recruitment and Expansion of Tregs Cells in the Tumor Environment-How to Target Them? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081850. [PMID: 33924428 PMCID: PMC8069615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immune response against cancer is generated by effector T cells, among them cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that destroy cancer cells and helper CD4+ T cells that mediate and support the immune response. This antitumor function of T cells is tightly regulated by a particular subset of CD4+ T cells, named regulatory T cells (Tregs), through different mechanisms. Even if the complete inhibition of Tregs would be extremely harmful due to their tolerogenic role in impeding autoimmune diseases in the periphery, the targeted blockade of their accumulation at tumor sites or their targeted depletion represent a major therapeutic challenge. This review focuses on the mechanisms favoring Treg recruitment, expansion and stabilization in the tumor microenvironment and the therapeutic strategies developed to block these mechanisms. Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in a large majority of solid tumors and are mainly associated with a poor prognosis, as their major function is to inhibit the antitumor immune response contributing to immunosuppression. In this review, we will investigate the mechanisms involved in the recruitment, amplification and stability of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will also review the strategies currently developed to inhibit Tregs’ deleterious impact in the TME by either inhibiting their recruitment, blocking their expansion, favoring their plastic transformation into other CD4+ T-cell subsets, blocking their suppressive function or depleting them specifically in the TME to avoid severe deleterious effects associated with Treg neutralization/depletion in the periphery and normal tissues.
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29
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Huang Q, Liang X, Ren T, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Chen C, Wang W, Niu J, Lou J, Guo W. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma progression - therapeutic implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:525-539. [PMID: 33788151 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Compared with previous treatment modalities, such as amputation, more recent comprehensive treatment modalities based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery have improved the survival rates of patients. Osteosarcoma treatment has, however, not further improved in recent years. Therefore, attention has shifted to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which osteosarcoma cells are embedded. Therapeutic targets in the TME may be key to improving osteosarcoma treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most common immune cells within the TME. TAMs in osteosarcoma may account for over 50% of the immune cells, and may play important roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, drug resistance and metastasis. Knowledge on the role of TAMs in the development, progression and treatment of osteosarcoma is gradually improving, although different or even opposing opinions still remain. CONCLUSIONS TAMs may participate in the malignant progression of osteosarcoma through self-polarization, the promotion of blood vessel and lymphatic vessel formation, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. Besides, various immune checkpoint proteins expressed on the surface of TAMs, such as PD-1 and CD47, provide the possibility of the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Several clinical trials have been carried out and/or are in progress. Mifamotide and the immune checkpoint inhibitor Camrelizumab were both found to be effective in prolonging progression-free survival. Thus, TAMs may serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Targeting TAMs as a complementary therapy is expected to improve the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Further efforts may be made to identify potential beneficiaries of TAM-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Chen
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbing Lou
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China.
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30
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Kalogirou EM, Tosios KI, Christopoulos PF. The Role of Macrophages in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:611115. [PMID: 33816242 PMCID: PMC8014034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.611115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with high disease-related death rates. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral tumors, with surgical management remaining the treatment of choice. However, advanced and metastatic OSCC is still incurable. Thus, emphasis has been given lately in understanding the complex role of the oral tumor microenvironment (TME) in OSCC progression, in order to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a major population of the OSCC TME, with bipolar role in disease progression depending on their activation status (M1 vs. M2). Here, we provide an up to date review of the current literature on the role of macrophages during oral oncogenesis, as well as their prognostic significance in OSCC survival and response to standard treatment regimens. Finally, we discuss novel concepts regarding the potential use of macrophages as targets for OSCC immunotherapeutics and suggest future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Marina Kalogirou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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31
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Kimura S, Noguchi H, Nanbu U, Nakayama T. Macrophage CCL22 expression promotes lymphangiogenesis in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma via IL-4/STAT6 in the tumor microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:383. [PMID: 33777206 PMCID: PMC7988704 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) chemokine is produced by M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment. Chemokine C-C motif receptor 4 (CCR4), the CCL22 receptor, on T helper2 (Th2) cells leads to a Th2 cytokine-dominant environment. In our previous study, lymph node metastasis was the main predictor of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) via CCL22. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of CCL22 and a Th2 cytokine-predominant tumor microenvironment on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C expression and lymphangiogenesis. The post-operative courses of 110 patients with early-stage tongue SCC with a histopathological diagnosis based on the 8th TNM classification were followed up (mean/median follow-up time, 47.1/42.0 months) from surgery until death or the last follow-up visit, and subsequent lymph node relapse was assessed. Lymphangiogenesis and the immunohistochemical expression of several markers (CCL22, CCR4 and VEGF-C) were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot lymph node relapse-free survival and overall survival curves, which were compared using the log-rank test. In vitro, the association between CCL22 and VEGF-C by interleukin (IL)-4/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) stimulation was examined. Lymphangiogenesis was significantly associated with lymph node relapse (P<0.001) and a CCL22+ macrophage ratio (P<0.001). CCL22+ TAMs were positive for VEGF-C and surrounded by CCR4+ cells. Additionally, VEGF-C expression was increased in IL-4/STAT6-stimulated macrophages. In addition, the STAT6 signaling pathway was activated in the SCC cells in the deeply invaded part of the tumor along with the aggregated macrophages. In conclusion, TAM CCL22 expression led to lymph node relapse via VEGF-C expression within the tumor microenvironment and the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway in early stage tongue SCC. Additionally, the worst pattern of invasion and depth of invasion were revealed to be useful parameters for lymph node relapse in patients with tongue SCC. The present study suggested that CCL22 contributed to the role of M2-like differentiated TAMs in prognosis and lymph node relapse via IL-4/STAT6 and VEGF. The IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway may be a new molecular target for tongue SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8534, Japan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Uki Nanbu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
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CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218412. [PMID: 33182504 PMCID: PMC7665155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (Treg)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
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Burchett R, Walsh S, Wan Y, Bramson JL. A rational relationship: Oncolytic virus vaccines as functional partners for adoptive T cell therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:149-159. [PMID: 32665126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumours employ a variety of immune-evasion and suppression mechanisms to impair development of functional tumor-specific T cells and subvert T cell-mediated immunity in the tumour microenvironment. Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) aims to overcome these barriers and overwhelm tumor defenses with a bolus of T cells that were selectively expanded ex vivo. Although this strategy has been effective in liquid tumors and melanomas, many tumors appear to be resistant to ACT. Several factors are thought to play into this resistance, including poor engraftment and persistence of transferred cells, tumour cell heterogeneity and antigen loss, poor immune cell recruitment and infiltration into the tumour, and susceptibility to local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic viruses (OV) have been identified as powerful stimulators of the anti-tumour immune response. As such, OVs are inherently well-positioned to act in synergy with ACT to bolster the anti-tumour T cell response. Further, OV vaccines, wherein tumour-associated antigens are encoded into the viral backbone, have proven to be remarkable in boosting antigen-specific T cell response. Pre-clinical studies have revealed remarkable therapeutic outcomes when OV vaccines are paired with ACT. In this scenario, OV vaccines are thought to function in a "push and pull" manner, where push refers to expanding T cells in the periphery and pull refers to recruiting those cells into the tumour that has been rendered amenable to T cell attack by the actions of the OV. In this review, we discuss barriers that limit eradication of tumors by T cells, highlight attributes of OVs that break down these barriers and present strategies for rational combinations of ACT with OV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Burchett
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Scott Walsh
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Polarization and function of tumor-associated macrophages mediate graphene oxide-induced photothermal cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 208:111913. [PMID: 32473533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polarization status of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) plays an essential role in tumor growth and invasion. However, emerging treatment like photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) paid little attention on TAMs. In recent years, photothermal therapy (PTT) has gained immense attention in the anti-tumor strategy field while the effect of PTT on macrophage polarization in a tumor microenvironment has rarely been reported. Here, we used graphene oxide (GO) combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the photothermal material to induce heating effect in macrophages to define its anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, we treated the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 with near infrared (NIR) light irradiation and detected their polarization status by flow cytometric and mRNA expression analysis. Following this, we analyzed the migration and invasion ability of an osteosarcoma HOS cell line cultured in a conditioned medium (CM) that contains cytokine generated by macrophages with or without NIR treatment. Finally, we investigated the in vivo effects of NIR-induced macrophage polarization on osteosarcoma growth and invasion. GO-PEG (GP) showed great photothermal effect, thermal stability, and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Photothermal materials can alleviate interleukin-4-induced M2 polarization of macrophages and modulate their anti-tumor capability. Thus, the migration and invasion capabilities of HOS cells were weakened, leading to an anti-tumor effect in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. In conclusion, our study identified PTT treatment as an approach for preventing osteosarcoma invasion by inhibition of M2 polarization.
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Wang Q, Schmoeckel E, Kost BP, Kuhn C, Vattai A, Vilsmaier T, Mahner S, Mayr D, Jeschke U, Heidegger HH. Higher CCL22+ Cell Infiltration is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122004. [PMID: 31842422 PMCID: PMC6966573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL22 recruits regulatory T (T-reg) cells into tumor tissues and is expressed in many human tumors. However, the prognostic role of CCL22 in cervical cancer (CC) has not been determined. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical significance of the expression of CCL22 and FOXP3 in 230 cervical cancer patients. Immunohistochemical staining analyses of CCL22 and FOXP3 were performed with a tissue microarray. Double immunofluorescence staining, cell coculture, and ELISA were used to determine CCL22 expressing cells and mechanisms. The higher number of infiltrating CCL22+ cells (CCL22high) group was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004), Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d’Obstétrique (FIGO) stages (p = 0.010), therapeutic strategies (p = 0.007), and survival status (p = 0.002). The number of infiltrating CCL22+ cells was positively correlated with that of infiltrating FOXP3+ cells (r = 0.210, p = 0.001). The CCL22high group had a lower overall survival rate (OS), compared to the CCL22low group (p = 0.001). However, no significant differences in progression free survival (PFS) were noted between the two groups. CCL22high was an independent predictor of shorter OS (HR, 4.985; p = 0.0001). The OS of the combination group CCL22highFOXP3high was significantly lower than that of the combination group CCL22lowFOXP3low regardless of the FIGO stage and disease subtype. CCL22highFOXP3high was an independent indictor of shorter OS (HR, 5.284; p = 0.009). The PFS of group CCL22highFOXP3high was significantly lower than that of group CCL22lowFOXP3low in cervical adenocarcinoma, but CCL22highFOXP3high was not an independent indicator (HR, 3.018; p = 0.068). CCL22 was primarily expressed in M2-like macrophages in CC and induced by cervical cancer cells. The findings of our study indicate that cervical cancer patients with elevated CCL22+ infiltrating cells require more aggressive treatment. Moreover, the results provide a basis for subsequent, comprehensive studies to advance the design of immunotherapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Bernd P. Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80377 Munich, Germany; (Q.W.); (B.P.K.); (C.K.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (S.M.); (H.H.H.)
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