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Li R, Albaghli A, Orgev A, Marrano J, Sadid-Zadeh R. Effect of thermal cycling on the flexure strength of CAD-CAM denture base materials: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00451-7. [PMID: 39013679 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The impact of thermal cycling on the flexure strength of contemporary denture base materials remains inadequately understood despite its crucial role in determining the long-term performance of complete dentures. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the flexural strength of different CAD-CAM denture base materials and the effects of thermal cycling. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 120 rectangular specimens were fabricated from 6 denture base materials according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20795-1:2013 standard: a heat-compressed PMMA ([Lucitone 199 [C-L199]), 2 brands of milled material (Ivotion Base [M-IB] and Lucitone Digital Fit [M-LDF]), and 3 types of 3- dimensionally (3D) printed material (Lucitone Digital Print [P-LDP], Flexcera Base [P-FB], and FotoDent Dentures [P-FD]). Specimens were divided into 2 subgroups of 10; half underwent thermocycling, half did not. Thermally cycled specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37 °C for 2 days, followed by 5000 thermal cycles at 5 and 55 ºC, with a dwell time of 30 seconds. They were then subjected to a 3-point flexural strength test. Two-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey multiple comparison tests were used to assess the effect of material type and the thermal cycling process on the flexural strength of denture base materials (α=.05). RESULTS All materials met the ISO standard of 65 MPa flexural strength, except for thermal cycled P-FB. A significant difference (P<.05) in flexure strength value was found among various denture base materials without thermal cycling (M-LDF>M-IB≈P-FD≈P-LDP>C-L199≈ P-FB) and with thermal cycling (M-LDF> M-IB≈P-FD>P-LDP≈C-L199>P-FB). The flexural strength of tested materials was reduced significantly (P<.05) with thermal cycling. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensionally printed denture base materials have a flexural strength value similar to or less than that of milled denture base materials. Thermal cycling impacts the flexural strength of denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Assistant Professor, Restorative Dentistry Department, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | - Abdullah Albaghli
- Prosthodontics Resident, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ahmet Orgev
- Clinical Associate Professor, Restorative Dentistry Department, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh
- Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Ala.
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Souza LFB, Pires TS, Kist PP, Valandro LF, Moraes RR, Özcan M, Pereira GKR. 3D printed, subtractive, and conventional acrylic resins: Evaluation of monotonic versus fatigue behavior and surface characteristics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106556. [PMID: 38676972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the mechanical properties and surface characteristics of dental prosthetic acrylic resin fabricated by 3D printing, comparing it with subtractive, pressing, and molding techniques. Bar-shaped specimens (N= 90; 65 × 10 × 3.3 mm; ISO:207951) were prepared and assigned into six groups: PRINT (3D printing vis stereolithography with PriZma 3D Bio Denture, Makertech Labs); SUB (subtractive manufacturing with Vipiblock Trilux, Vipi); PRESS Base (pressing using muffle with Thermo Vipi Wave, Vipi for base); PRESS Tooth (pressing with Onda-cryl, Clássico for tooth); MOLD Base (molding using addition silicone with Vipi Flash, Vipi for base); and MOLD Tooth (molding with Dencor, Clássico for tooth). Monotonic flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) were measured using a three-point bending approach (n= 5) on a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Fatigue testing (n= 10) followed similar geometry and settings, with a frequency of 2 Hz, initial stress level at 20 MPa, and stress increments of 5 MPa every 2,500 cycles. Surface roughness (n= 10) was assessed through profilometry, and fractographic and topographic analyses were conducted. Statistical analyses included One-Way ANOVA for monotonic FS, roughness, and E, along with Kaplan-Meier with Mantel-Cox post-hoc and Weibull analysis for fatigue strength. PRINT showed lower monotonic FS than the SUB and PRESS Tooth but comparable fatigue strength to these groups and superior to PRESS Base and MOLD (Base and Tooth) groups. All groups had similar Weibull moduli. Surface roughness of the PRINT group was comparable to most techniques but higher than the PRESS Tooth group. Fractographic analysis revealed fractures originating from surface defects under tensile stress, with SEM showing scratch patterns in all groups except PRINT, which had a more uniform surface. Despite its lower monotonic strength, 3D printed resin demonstrated comparable fatigue strength to subtractive and pressing methods and similar surface roughness to most methods, indicating its potential as a viable option for dental prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Freitas Brum Souza
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Telma Souza Pires
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Pauli Kist
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic for Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Bento VAA, Sayeg JMC, Rosa CDDRD, Lopes LFDTP, Marques MCS, Pellizzer EP. Efficacy of denture cleansers on Candida albicans adhesion and their effects on the properties of conventional, milled CAD/CAM, and 3D-printed denture bases. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:402. [PMID: 38940942 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the efficacy of denture cleaners on the adhesion of Candida albicans and their effects on the surface, optical, and mechanical properties of resins for conventional, milled, and 3D-printed denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 resin samples were made, 120 for testing Candida albicans adhesion, optical stabilities (ΔE00), roughness (Ra), hydrophilicity (°), surface free energy (Owens-Wendt) and 120 samples for testing Candida albicans adhesion, surface microhardness (Knoop), flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in a three-point test, in which they were divided into 3 groups of denture resin (n = 40) and subdivided into 5 cleaners of dentures (n = 8). Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Denture cleaners with an alkaline solution and dilute acid composition were those that showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing Candida albicans (P < 0.001), however 1% NaOCl significantly affected the properties of the resins (P < 0.05). Denture 3D-printed showed that the surface microhardness was significantly lower for all cleansers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Listerine demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing Candida albicans with minimal effect on denture properties, whereas 1% NaOCl had a significant negative impact on the properties. The mechanical properties were significantly lower in 3D-printed resin than in other resins for all denture cleansers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Denture base materials are being sold to adapt to the CAD/CAM system, increasing the number of users of dentures manufactured with this system. Despite this, there is little investigation into denture cleaners regarding the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and the optical, surface and mechanical properties of dentures, thus requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Mateus Cavalaro Sayeg
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber Davi Del Rei Daltro Rosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ferreira de Toledo Piza Lopes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Silva Marques
- Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, 1193 Jose Lourenco St - Centro, Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. Impact of Artificial Aging on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Denture Base Materials Fabricated via 3D Printing. Int J Biomater 2024; 2024:8060363. [PMID: 38919543 PMCID: PMC11199068 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming more prevalent in the dental sector due to its potential to save time for dental practitioners, streamline fabrication processes, enhance precision and consistency in fabricating prosthetic models, and offer cost-effective solutions. However, the effect of aging in artificial saliva of this type of material has not been explored. To assess the physical and mechanical properties of the two types of 3D-printed materials before and after being subjected to artificial saliva, a total of 219 acrylic resin specimens were produced. These specimens were made with two types of 3D-printed materials, namely, NextDent (ND) and Formlabs (FLs), and a Schottlander heat-cured (HC) resin material that was used as a control. Water sorption and solubility specimens (n = 5) were tested after three months of storage in artificial saliva. Moreover, the Vickers hardness, Martens hardness, flexural strength/modulus, and impact strength were evaluated both under dry conditions and after three months of storage in artificial saliva. The degree of conversion (DC), elemental analysis, and filler content were also investigated. The ANOVA showed that 3D-printed resins had significantly greater sorption than the control group (p < 0.05). However, the flexural strength values of the 3D-printed materials were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those of the heat-cured material. The DC of the 3D-printed resins was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The 3D-printed materials contained significantly more filler than the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the artificial saliva had a significant effect on the Vickers hardness for all tested groups and on the Martens hardness for the control group only (p < 0.05). Compared with conventional heat-cured materials, 3D-printed denture base materials demonstrated relatively poorer performance in terms of sorption, solubility, and DC but exhibited either comparable or superior mechanical properties. The aging process also influenced the Vickers and Martens' hardness. The strength of the 3D-printed materials was in compliance with ISO recommendations, and the materials could be used alongside conventional heat-cured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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La Rosa GRM, Peditto M, Venticinque A, Marcianò A, Bianchi A, Pedullà E. Advancements in guided surgical endodontics: A scoping review of case report and case series and research implications. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38887152 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review examined current case series and reports on guided surgical endodontic applications in order to provide a critical platform for future research. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews guidelines were followed. A search on PubMed and Scopus yielded 611 articles, with 17 case reports and 1 series meeting inclusion criteria. Overall, guided surgery addressed anatomical complexities, with 15 articles employing static protocols and 3 dynamic. Results showed minimal iatrogenic errors and reduced chair time, with no postoperative issues reported. Within the cases described, guided endodontic surgery exhibited satisfactory results in management of anatomical complex cases. Cost-effectiveness, the need for adequate follow-up, procedure's reproducibility and accuracy, and objective measurement of the reduction in operative times and iatrogenic errors are some of the limitations in the current reports that need to be considered for planning of future experimental and cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Peditto
- Postgraduate School of Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Venticinque
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonia Marcianò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Albadwi MM, Elsheikh HA, Abozaed HW, ELdegla HEA, Mostafa AZH, Emera RMK. Impact of adding zirconium oxide nanoparticles to the 3D printable acrylic resin base material for implant-retained overdentures: A clinical comparative parallel study. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00354-8. [PMID: 38862339 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensionally (3D) printed acrylic resin base materials have been adopted in prosthetic dentistry. However, their mechanical and biological properties require improvement. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of adding zirconium oxide nanoparticles to a 3D printable acrylic resin base material for a 2-implant-retained complete mandibular overdenture in terms of peri-implant tissue health, surface roughness, and biofilm formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty edentulous patients were enrolled in this clinical parallel study. All patients received maxillary complete dentures opposing a 2-implant-retained mandibular overdenture. The participants were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the mandibular overdenture base material, nonmodified 3D printable acrylic resin (control group) or 3D printable acrylic resin base material modified with 3.0 wt% zirconium oxide nanoparticles (study group). Peri-implant tissue health and surface roughness were measured immediately at the insertion of the mandibular overdenture (T0), after 3 months (T1), and after 6 months (T2). Microbiological assessment of the denture base was done after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of overdenture use. The data were analyzed using a statistical software program. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t test, and Fisher exact test were used to compare distributed data. The Mann Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA test were used to compare distributed data at different times (α=.05). RESULTS The gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and surface roughness values at the baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were statistically higher with the nonmodified compared with the modified group (P=.001). Regarding the microbiological analysis, the nonmodified group also had a statistically higher mean bacterial and Candida albicans count than the modified group (P<.05). No significant increase in the bacteria was found in the nonmodified group with time (P=.252), but, for the modified group, a statistically significant decrease in bacteria count was found with time (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Adding zirconium oxide nanoparticles to a 3D printable acrylic resin base material was found to be promising. This addition improved the peri-implant tissue health and decreased surface roughness and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Albadwi
- PhD student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Assistant Lecturer, Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya.
| | - Heba A Elsheikh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba W Abozaed
- Associate Professor, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba E A ELdegla
- Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine-Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aisha Z H Mostafa
- Professor, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Radwa M K Emera
- Professor, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; and Director, Mansoura Manchester Dental Program, Mansoura, Egypt
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Arora O, Ahmed N, Nallaswamy D, Ganapathy D, Srinivasan M. Denture base materials: An in vitro evaluation of the mechanical and color properties. J Dent 2024; 145:104993. [PMID: 38657724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the physical and mechanical properties of four denture base materials: Polyan IC (PA), milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin (3DP), and SR Ivocap (SR). METHODS Ninety-six samples were prepared and divided into four groups as follows. Group A consisted of 3DP (Asiga DentaBASE, Asiga) fabricated using a manufacturer-recommended 3D printer (Asiga Pro 4k, Asiga). Group B comprised milled PMMA (MP) (Ivotion Base, Ivoclar Vivadent). Group C included PA (BredentSenden), meanwhile, group D involved SR (Ivoclar VivadentSchaan). Cuboid samples (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) were used for biaxial flexure strength testing in a universal testing machine (UTM). Cylindrical samples of 20 mm x 40 mm were used for compressive strength testing in a UTM. Additionally, cuboid samples (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) were used for Vickers surface hardness testing in a microhardness tester. disk samples (10 mm x 2.5 mm) were employed for color stability testing both in a coffee solution and Coca-Cola, using a digital spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS MP demonstrated superior compressive strength (p = 0.002) and color stability compared to that exhibited by 3DP (p < 0.001) while displaying similar flexure strength (p = 0.336) and hardness (p = 0.708). MP and PA displayed similar compressive strength (p = 0.081), flexure strength (p = 0.159), and color stability in coke (p = 0.071). However, MP had reduced hardness (p < 0.001) and color stability in coffee (p < 0.001). Moreover, MP demonstrated a higher compressive strength (p < 0.001) than that displayed by SR. However, the flexure strength, hardness, and color stability were similar (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 3DP exhibited comparable compressive strength (p = 0.334) to that of PA but demonstrated significantly lower flexure strength (p = 0.005), hardness (p < 0.001), and color stability (p < 0.001) compared to PA. In comparison to SR, PA had a higher compressive strength (p < 0.001), hardness (p = 0.001), and color stability in coffee (p < 0.001), although they demonstrated similar (p > 0.05) flexure strength and color stability in coke. CONCLUSIONS The MP and PA demonstrated superior compressive strength than that exhibited by the other materials tested. The tested materials had similar flexure strengths, except for PA which demonstrated superiority over the 3DP. Among all tested materials, PA exhibited the highest hardness, while the 3DP was the least color-stable. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Considering the mechanical properties and color stability, Polyan and milled polymethylmethacrylate are preferred for complete denture fabrication. However, the limited repairability and complex handling of Polyan should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojasvini Arora
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic of General-, Special Care- and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
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Gad MM, Khattar A, Alramadan DM, Al Dawood ZH, Al Shehab SS, Al Zaher RH, Alzain LO, Khan SQ, Abdelfattah MY. Nanoparticle-Modified 3D-Printed Denture Base Resins: Influence of Denture Cleansers on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:891. [PMID: 38786847 PMCID: PMC11124355 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of denture cleansers on the color, stability, and surface roughness of three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture base resins modified with zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2). A total of 440 specimens were fabricated using one heat-polymerized resin, and two 3D-printed resins (NextDent and ASIGA). According to the nano-ZrO2 content, the specimens for each resin were divided into five groups (0%, 0.5%wt, 1%wt, 3%wt, and 5%wt). Each concentration was divided into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the immersion solution (distilled water, sodium hypochlorite, Corega, and Fittydent) and immersion duration (360 and 720 days). The color changes (∆E00) and surface roughness (Ra, µm) of each specimen were measured at different time intervals (base line, 360 days, 720 days) using a spectrophotometer and a non-contact profilometer, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest significant color change of all the denture base resins (p < 0.001). The average value of ΔE00 for sodium hypochlorite was significantly higher than the values for the other solutions (Fittydent, Corega, and water) (p < 0.001). Color stability was significantly affected by immersion time for all types of solutions except Corega (p < 0.001). All of the tested immersion solutions (distilled water, sodium hypochlorite, Corega, and Fittydent) showed a significant increase in the surface roughness of all the denture base resins (p < 0.05). Surface roughness was substantially increased by immersion time for all types of solution except Fittydent (p < 0.001). Denture cleansers can result in substantial color change and affect the surface roughness of unmodified and nanoparticle-modified denture base resins. Therefore, the selection of denture cleanser and appropriate types of material is critical for denture longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Khattar
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Doha M. Alramadan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Zainab H. Al Dawood
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Sujood S. Al Shehab
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Rabab H. Al Zaher
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Layal Osama Alzain
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.); (D.M.A.); (Z.H.A.D.); (S.S.A.S.); (R.H.A.Z.); (L.O.A.)
| | - Soban Q. Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Y. Abdelfattah
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, P.O. Box 31512, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Kazakova R. Assessment of CAD/CAM Fabrication Technologies for Post and Core Restorations-A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:748. [PMID: 38792931 PMCID: PMC11123209 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature that discusses research on post and core restorations, covering aspects such as their composition, manufacturing methods, and clinical effectiveness. The methodology employed in this review encompasses the implementation of a well-defined search strategy, the establishment of criteria for inclusion and exclusion, and the selection of relevant studies to summarize their findings. To gather relevant literature published between 1993 and 2023, the research team conducted separate searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In total, 168 titles were initially retrieved from these electronic databases. By applying the predefined exclusion criteria, the researchers identified 73 articles that specifically address the conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies employed in post and core restorations. These treatments are commonly employed to restore teeth that have received endodontic therapy and subsequently experienced loss of dental structure. The development of computerized technology for the creation of customized posts and cores has emerged as a straightforward and efficient alternative to traditional methods. The review synthesizes papers discussing the techniques and materials involved in CAD/CAM-based construction of post and cores. It explores strategies for restoring endodontically treated teeth, highlighting both direct and indirect approaches. Commonly mentioned materials include zirconia, composite resin, and hybrid ceramics. Despite the limited literature on CAD/CAM post and core procedures, the review emphasizes the necessity of further research to assess long-term outcomes and efficacy. Additionally, it suggests including implications for future research and clinical recommendations to enhance the depth and practical relevance of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Dimitrova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (R.K.)
| | - Angelina Vlahova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Kouhi M, de Souza Araújo IJ, Asa'ad F, Zeenat L, Bojedla SSR, Pati F, Zolfagharian A, Watts DC, Bottino MC, Bodaghi M. Recent advances in additive manufacturing of patient-specific devices for dental and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Dent Mater 2024; 40:700-715. [PMID: 38401992 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Customization and the production of patient-specific devices, tailoring the unique anatomy of each patient's jaw and facial structures, are the new frontiers in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. As a technological advancement, additive manufacturing has been applied to produce customized objects based on 3D computerized models. Therefore, this paper presents advances in additive manufacturing strategies for patient-specific devices in diverse dental specialties. METHODS This paper overviews current 3D printing techniques to fabricate dental and maxillofacial devices. Then, the most recent literature (2018-2023) available in scientific databases reporting advances in 3D-printed patient-specific devices for dental and maxillofacial applications is critically discussed, focusing on the major outcomes, material-related details, and potential clinical advantages. RESULTS The recent application of 3D-printed customized devices in oral prosthodontics, implantology and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, and endodontics are presented. Moreover, the potential application of 4D printing as an advanced manufacturing technology and the challenges and future perspectives for additive manufacturing in the dental and maxillofacial area are reported. SIGNIFICANCE Additive manufacturing techniques have been designed to benefit several areas of dentistry, and the technologies, materials, and devices continue to be optimized. Image-based and accurately printed patient-specific devices to replace, repair, and regenerate dental and maxillofacial structures hold significant potential to maximize the standard of care in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Kouhi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lubna Zeenat
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Sri Sai Ramya Bojedla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Cardoso BS, da Cruz MB, Marques JF, Roque JC, Martins JP, Malheiro RC, da Mata AD. Cellular responses to 3D printed dental resins produced using a manufacturer recommended printer versus a third party printer. J Adv Prosthodont 2024; 16:126-138. [PMID: 38694195 PMCID: PMC11058352 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different 3D dental resins, using a manufacturer recommended printer and a third-party printer, on cellular responses of human gingival cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three NextDent resins (Denture 3D+, C&B MFH and Crowntec) were used to produce specimens on printers NextDent 5100 (groups ND, NC and NT, respectively) and Phrozen Sonic Mini 4K (groups PD, PC and PT, respectively). Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and biocompatibility was evaluated on days 1, 3 and 7. IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were evaluated at 3 days using ELISA. Surface roughness was evaluated by a contact profilometer. SEM and fluorescence micrographs were analyzed at days 1 and 7. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and mean differences were tested using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (P < .05). RESULTS There was an increase in cellular viability after 7 days in groups PC and PT, when compared to group PD. ND group resulted in higher concentration of IL-6 when compared to PT group. SEM and fluorescence micrographs showed less adhesion and thinner morphology of fibroblasts from group PD. No significant differences were found regarding surface roughness. CONCLUSION The use of different printers or resins did not seem to influence surface roughness. NextDent 5100 and Phrozen Sonic Mini 4K produced resins with similar cellular responses in human gingival fibroblasts. However, Denture 3D+ resin resulted in significantly lower biocompatibility, when compared to C&B MFH and Crowntec resins. Further testing is required to support its long-term use, required for complete dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sona Cardoso
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
| | - Mariana Brito da Cruz
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
| | - Joana Faria Marques
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Roque
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Departamento de Prótese Dentária - Laboratório de Tecnologias Digitais - DIGITECH, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Martins
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Departamento de Prótese Dentária - Laboratório de Tecnologias Digitais - DIGITECH, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Cordeiro Malheiro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Departamento de Prótese Dentária - Laboratório de Tecnologias Digitais - DIGITECH, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
| | - António Duarte da Mata
- Centro de Estudos de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), LIBPhys-FTC UID/FIS/04559/2013, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Portugal
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Azpiazu-Flores FX, Leyva Del Rio D, Schricker SR, Johnston WM, Lee DJ. Effect of three-dimensionally printed surface patterns on the peak tensile load of a plasticized acrylic-resin resilient liner. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:735-740. [PMID: 35589449 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Stereolithographic (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing is considered a reliable manufacturing method for immediate complete dentures. However, studies on the implementation of computer-generated surface patterns to promote the union between printed denture base polymers and dental materials with different chemistries such as plasticized acrylic-resin resilient liners are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of 3D printed surface patterns on the peak tensile load of a short-term plasticized acrylic-resin resilient liner. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 30 denture base specimens (Denture Base LP; FormLabs) were fabricated with 3 adhesive surface designs by using an SLA 3D printer (Forms2; FormLabs). Twenty specimens were designed with surface patterns in the adhesive areas (grid and spheres); 10 specimens comprised each surface pattern group. The remaining specimens were roughened with 220-grit silicon carbide paper and served as a control. A commonly used short-term resilient liner (CoeSoft; GC-America) was applied to the adhesive surface of all the specimens. Subsequently, the specimens were kept in distilled water at 37 °C for 48 hours. The specimens were tested in a universal testing machine, and the resulting peak tensile load data were analyzed by using a 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc Tukey test (α=.05). RESULTS The groups with surface patterns on the adhesive surface displayed higher peak tensile load values than the control group. The mean peak tensile load of the grid group was 6.73 ±0.43 N, and that for the spheres group was 6.58 ±0.33 N. The control group displayed the lowest mean peak tensile load (2.71 ±0.51 N). Statistically significant differences were detected between the mean peak tensile loads of the surface pattern groups and the control group (P<.001) No statistically significant difference was found between the mean peak tensile loads of the grid and spheres groups (P=.893). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating surface patterns on the intaglio surface of denture bases made with Denture Base LP via SLA 3D printing can enhance their union to a plasticized acrylic-resin resilient liner. Surface patterns generated higher peak tensile load values than slightly roughening the surface of a 3D printed denture with a 220-grit silicon carbide paper. No significant differences in the mean peak tensile loads were observed between the 2 types of surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores
- Former Graduate student, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Diana Leyva Del Rio
- Assistant Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Scott R Schricker
- Associate Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William M Johnston
- Professor Emeritus, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Damian J Lee
- Associate Professor and Director of the Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Temizci T, Bozoğulları HN. Effect of thermal cycling on the flexural strength of 3-D printed, CAD/CAM milled and heat-polymerized denture base materials. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:357. [PMID: 38509542 PMCID: PMC10953149 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the impact of thermal cycling on the flexural strength of denture-base materials produced through conventional and digital methods, using both subtractive and additive approaches. METHODS In total, 60 rectangular specimens were fabricated with specific dimensions for flexural strength tests. The dimensions were set according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guideline 20795-1:2013 as 64 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.2 mm. Specimens from each material group were divided into two subgroups (thermal cycled or nonthermal cycled, n = 10/group). We used distinct methods to produce three different denture-base materials: Ivobase (IB), which is a computer-aided-design/computer-aided-manufacturing-type milled pre-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin disc; Formlabs (FL), a 3D-printed denture-base resin; and Meliodent (MD), a conventional heat-polymerized acrylic. Flexural strength tests were performed on half of the samples without a thermal-cycle procedure, and the other half were tested after a thermal cycle. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Based on the results of flexural-strength testing, the ranking was as follows: FL > IB > MD. The effect of thermal aging was statistically significant for the FL and IB bases, but not for the MD base. CONCLUSIONS Digitally produced denture bases exhibited superior flexural strength compared with conventionally manufactured bases. Although thermal cycling reduced flexural strength in all groups, the decrease was not statistically significant in the heat-polymerized acrylic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Temizci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Nalan Bozoğulları
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Raychev R, Chuchulska B, Kazakova R. A 3D-simulation study of the deformation, tension, and stress of 3D-printed and conventional denture base materials after immersion in artificial saliva. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:104-113. [PMID: 38426472 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The worldwide application of digital technology has presented dentistry with transformative opportunities. The concept of digital dentures, incorporating computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques, holds the promise of improved precision, customization, and overall patient satisfaction. However, the shift from traditional dentures to their digital counterparts should not be taken lightly, as the intricate interplay between oral physiology, patient comfort, and long-term durability requires thorough examination.
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Vuksic J, Pilipovic A, Poklepovic Pericic T, Kranjcic J. The Influence of Contemporary Denture Base Fabrication Methods on Residual Monomer Content, Flexural Strength and Microhardness. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1052. [PMID: 38473524 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Digital technologies are available for denture base fabrication, but there is a lack of scientific data on the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials produced in this way. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the residual monomer content, flexural strength and microhardness of denture base materials as well as correlations between investigated parameters. (2) Methods: Seven denture base materials were used: one conventional heat cured polymethyl methacrylate, one polyamide, three subtractive manufactured materials and two additive manufactured materials. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine residual monomer content and the test was carried out in accordance with the specification ISO No. 20795-1:2013. Flexural strength was also determined according to the specification ISO No. 20795-1:2013. The Vickers method was used to investigate microhardness. A one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used for the statistical analysis. The Pearson correlation test was used for the correlation analysis. (3) Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the values of residual monomer content of the different denture base materials (p < 0.05). Anaxdent pink blank showed the highest value of 3.2% mass fraction, while Polident pink CAD-CAM showed the lowest value of 0.05% mass fraction. The difference between the flexural strength values of the different denture base materials was statistically significant (p < 0.05), with values ranging from 62.57 megapascals (MPa) to 103.33 MPa. The difference between the microhardness values for the different denture base materials was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the values obtained ranged from 10.61 to 22.86 Vickers hardness number (VHN). A correlation was found between some results for the material properties investigated (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The selection of contemporary digital denture base manufacturing techniques may affect residual monomer content, flexural strength and microhardness but is not the only criterion for achieving favourable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Vuksic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Pilipovic
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Josip Kranjcic
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Abdul-Monem MM, Hanno KI. Effect of thermocycling on surface topography and fracture toughness of milled and additively manufactured denture base materials: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:267. [PMID: 38395828 PMCID: PMC10885363 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating thermocycling effect on surface topography and fracture toughness of resins used in digitally manufactured denture bases are few. The study aimed to assess the impact of thermocycling on surface topography and fracture toughness of materials used for digitally manufactured denture bases. METHODS Water sorption, solubility, hardness, surface roughness, and fracture toughness of both three-dimensional (3D)-printed and computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled specimens (n = 50) were assessed both prior to and following 2000 thermocycles, simulating 2 years of clinical aging. Surface hardness (n = 10) was measured using a Vickers hardness testing machine, surface roughness (n = 10) was determined by a contact profilometer, and fracture toughness (n = 20) was measured using the 3-point bend test, then studying the fractured surfaces was done via a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Prior to and following thermocycling, water sorption and solubility (n = 10) were assessed. Normally distributed data was tested using two-way repeated ANOVA and two-way ANOVA, while Mann Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to analyze data that was not normally distributed (α < 0.05). RESULTS Following thermocycling, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of both groups declined, with a significant reduction in values of the 3D-printed resin (P < .001). The 3D-printed denture base resins had a rougher surface following thermocycling with a significant difference (P < .001). The sorption and solubility of water of both materials were not affected by thermocycling. CONCLUSIONS Before and after thermocycling, milled specimens had lower surface roughness and a greater degree of hardness and fracture toughness than 3D-printed specimens. Thermocycling lowered hardness and fracture toughness, and increased surface roughness in both groups, but had no effect on water sorption and solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdul-Monem
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
| | - Kenda I Hanno
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R. Effect of repair and surface treatments on the strength of digitally fabricated resin-based dental prostheses: A systematic review of in vitro studies. J Dent 2024; 141:104806. [PMID: 38154701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review investigated the current literature pertaining to the repairability of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled and three-dimensional (3D) printed resin-based dental prostheses (RBDPs) as well as the appropriate surface treatment for each repair material that will produce adequate repair bond strength. DATA/SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for published articles involving repair of CAD-CAM RBDPs between January 2010 and June 2023. Data were collected and analyzed to reveal the surface treatment effects, suggested repair materials, and strength of repaired RBDPs. STUDY SELECTION Out of 164 retrieved titles, 11 studies were included, of which five investigated the repair of 3D-printed RBDPs, three investigated the repair of CAD-CAM milled resins, and three investigated both materials. Additionally, of the included studies, seven investigated denture base resins, three studied provisional restoration resins, and one evaluated 3D-printed intraoral splints. Various surface treatments were suggested, with air-abrasive methods being the most commonly used. Different materials for resin repair were proposed and used, including auto-polymerized, reline, and composite resins. For 3D-printed resins, repair with Bis-acrylic/Bis-GMA composites improved repair strength. CONCLUSION Surface treatments positively affected the repair strength of conventional and milled RBDPs. However, challenges remain relevant to the repair of 3D-printed resins owing to composition mismatches and fabrication techniques. Therefore, further investigation is required to develop new 3D-printed resins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CAD-CAM milled resins have satisfactory repair strength, which increases with surface treatment. The repair of 3D-printed resins has proven challenging even with surface treatments. However, composite resins are the materials of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Associate Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Geiger V, Mayinger F, Hoffmann M, Reymus M, Stawarczyk B. Fracture toughness, work of fracture, flexural strength and elastic modulus of 3D-printed denture base resins in two measurement environments after artificial aging. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106234. [PMID: 37995602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the fracture toughness (KIC), work of fracture (WOF), flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) of four additively manufactured denture base resins in two different measurement environments after artificial aging. METHODS Rectangular specimens in two different dimensions (n = 480) were 3D-printed with four denture base resins: Denture 3D+ (DEN; NextDent), Fotodent Denture (FOT; Dreve ProDiMed), Freeprint Denture (FRE; Detax), V-Print dentbase (VPR; VOCO)). KIC, WOF, FS and E were measured after (1) water-storage (37 °C; KIC = 7 d; FS = 50 h); (2) water-storage + hydrothermal-aging (20 min, 0.2 MPa, 134 °C); (3) water storage + thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 5/55 °C) in two measurement environments (i) air-23 °C and (ii) water-37 °C. For FS, fracture types were classified, and relative frequencies determined. Univariate ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman's correlation were calculated (p < 0.05, SPSS V.27.0). Weibull modulus (m) was calculated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. RESULTS DEN showed the highest KIC (5/6 groups), WOF and highest corresponding m (1/6 groups), while FRE presented the highest FS (2/6 groups) and E values. Hydrothermal-aging and thermocycling reduced KIC and WOF, FS and E, and the number of FS fracture pieces. For 6/8 groups, hydrothermal aging resulted in lower FS than thermocycling. Measurement in air-23 °C led to higher FS for 7/12 groups and a more brittle fracture behavior. A positive correlation between KIC and FS was observed. SIGNIFICANCE With measurements in air-23 °C resulting in higher FS than reported in water-37 °C, the measurement environment should be adapted to the clinical situation to allow valid predictions on the mechanical behavior of denture base resins when in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Geiger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Hoffmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Reymus
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Ferreira I, Calazans Neto JV, Cândido dos Reis A. Artificial teeth obtained by additive manufacturing: Wear resistance aspects. A systematic review of in vitro studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23279. [PMID: 38163102 PMCID: PMC10754871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Wear resistance is one of the properties that must be considered for maintaining the long-term functionality of artificial teeth in dental prostheses. This property can be altered by the method of tooth fabrication, the material, the chewing force, and the relationship to the antagonist tooth. This systematic review evaluated the wear resistance of artificial teeth obtained by the additive manufacturing method and aims to answer the question, "Do artificial teeth for dental prostheses obtained by additive manufacturing show wear resistance similar to prefabricated ones?" The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist guidelines were followed with a customized search in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases on August 30, 2023. The inclusion criteria were artificial teeth for dental prostheses in acrylic resin by additive manufacturing and comparing the wear resistance with conventional prefabricated teeth, in vitro and English studies, without time restriction. And excluded if 1) do not make artificial teeth by additive manufacturing or that were metal or ceramic teeth; 2) clinical trials, animal studies, review articles, case reports, letters to the editor, short communication, book chapters; 3) another language that is not English. The selection was in two steps, reading the titles and abstracts, followed by reading the selected studies in full. The risk of bias analysis was performed with the adaptation of the quasi-experimental studies tool by Joanna Briggs Institute. Four hundred and twelve articles were found in the databases, after the selection steps and application of eligibility criteria, 6 articles were included for qualitative data analysis and presented low risk of bias. For teeth obtained by additive manufacturing, 2 studies reported lower wear resistance, 2 studies had higher resistance, and 2 similar compared to prefabricated ones. Additive manufactured teeth compared to prefabricated teeth show influences on wear resistance due to differences in material composition, relationship to the antagonist's tooth, applied force, chewing cycles, and processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Vicente Calazans Neto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Arora O, Ahmed N, Siurkel Y, Ronsivalle V, Cicciù M, Minervini G. A comparative evaluation of physical properties of CAD/CAM complete denture resins- an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:65. [PMID: 38200506 PMCID: PMC10777544 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dentistry, there is a growing preference for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems over traditional laboratory procedures. However, there is not much literature comparing various CAD/CAM materials. Thus, this study aimed to assess and compare the color stability and hardness of gingival and tooth colored milled and 3D-printed acrylic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four types of CAD/CAM materials were prepared: 3D-printed pink shade (PP), milled polymenthymethacrylate (PMMA) pink shade (MP), 3D-printed tooth shade (PT) and milled PMMA tooth shade (MT) (n = 6). For hardness, disc shaped samples of 15 mm × 2 mm and for color stability, bar shaped samples of 65mmx10mmx2.5 mm were prepared and polished. Vickers hardness test was performed in a microhardness tester. Color stability test was done by immersing in coffee solution and coca cola for 7 days. Day 0 and day 7 measurements were recorded using a digital spectrophotometer and the change in color was calculated. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were done. RESULTS For color stability, milled PMMA was superior to 3D-printed resin samples. Milled pink and tooth shade samples had similar color stability, whereas 3D-printed tooth shade samples were more color stable as compared to pink shade 3D-printed samples. For hardness, milled tooth shade PMMA was the most superior one, followed by 3D-printed tooth shade, whereas pink shade milled PMMA and 3D-printed resin samples had similar hardness values and were inferior to the tooth shade CAD/CAM materials. CONCLUSION Color stability of milled PMMA is superior to that of 3D-printed resins. Hardness of tooth shade milled and 3D-printed resins is more than that of pink shade milled and 3D-printed resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojasvini Arora
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Yuliia Siurkel
- International European University School of Medicine, Akademika Hlushkova Ave, 42В, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine.
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121, Naples, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
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Lee CG, Jin G, Lim JH, Liu Y, Afrashtehfar KI, Kim JE. Influence of hydrothermal aging on the shear bond strength of 3D printed denture-base resin to different relining materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 149:106221. [PMID: 37976994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the repairability of three-dimensional printed (3DP) denture bases based on different conventional relining materials and aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The groups for surface characterization (surface-roughness and contact-angle measurements) were divided based on the denture base and surface treatment. Shear bond strength test and failure-mode analysis were conducted by a combination of three variables: denture base, relining materials, and hydrothermal aging (HA). The initial characterization involved quantifying the surface roughness (n = 10) and contact angle (n = 10) of denture base specimens with and without sandblasting (SB) treatment. Four relining materials (Kooliner [K], Vertex Self-Curing [V], Tokuyama Rebase II (Normal) [T], and Ufi Gel Hard [U]) were applied to 3DP, heat-cured (HC), and self-cured (SC) denture-base resin specimens. Shear bond strength (n = 15) and failure-mode analyses (n = 15) were performed before and after HA, along with evaluations of the fractured surfaces (n = 4). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for surface characterization, and a three-way ANOVA was conducted for shear bond strength. RESULTS The surface roughness peaked in HC groups and increased after SB. The 3DP group displayed significantly lower contact angles, which increased after treatment, similar to the surface roughness. The shear bond strength was significantly lower for 3DP and HC denture bases than for SC denture bases, and peaked for U at 10.65 ± 1.88 MPa (mean ± SD). HA decreased the shear bond strength relative to untreated samples. Furthermore, 3DP, HC, and SC mainly showed mixed or cohesive failures with V, T, and U. K, on the other hand, trended toward adhesive failures when bonded with HC and SC. CONCLUSION This study has validated the repairability of 3DP dentures through relining them with common materials used in clinical practice. The repairability of the 3DP denture base was on par with that of conventional materials, but it decreased after aging. Notably, U, which had a postadhesive application, proved to be the most effective material for repairing 3DP dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Gyu Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwa Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, University Street, Al Jerf 1, 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Chander NG, Mahajan A. Comparison of cytotoxicity between 3D printable resins and heat-cure PMMA. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:107-110. [PMID: 38304040 PMCID: PMC10831252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of polyurethane and polyoxymethylene printable resins with conventional heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base resins. Methods The study followed ISO-10993-5 guidelines. It comprised of three groups. Fifteen cuboidal samples measuring 10x10 × 10mm dimension were prepared for each group. The polymethylmethacrylate samples were fabricated using conventional denture processing techniques, while the polyoxymethylene samples were printed using fused deposition modeling and the polyurethane samples using stereolithography technique. Post fabrication the samples were evaluated for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay with the VERO cell line. The percentage of cell viability was calculated to determine the cytotoxic effects. Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the cell viability of the experimental groups (p ≤ 0.0001). The polyoxymethylene group showed the highest % cell viability (62.78 %), followed by the polymethylmethacrylate group (52.43 %), and the least was observed in the polyurethane-based resin group (46.47 %). The findings indicate polyoxymethylene group displayed least cytotoxicity, followed by polymethylmethacrylate, and polyurethane-based resin. Conclusion Polyoxymethylene resin exhibited the minimum cytotoxic properties among the tested materials, followed by polymethylmethacrylate and polyurethane resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Gopi Chander
- Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, 89, India
| | - Aashmika Mahajan
- Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, 89, India
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Ullah M, Bibi A, Wahab A, Hamayun S, Rehman MU, Khan SU, Awan UA, Riaz NUA, Naeem M, Saeed S, Hussain T. Shaping the Future of Cardiovascular Disease by 3D Printing Applications in Stent Technology and its Clinical Outcomes. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102039. [PMID: 37598773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, 3D printing technology has ushered in a new era of innovation in cardiovascular medicine. 3D printing in CVD management encompasses various aspects, from patient-specific models and preoperative planning to customized medical devices and novel therapeutic approaches. In-stent technology, 3D printing has revolutionized the design and fabrication of intravascular stents, offering tailored solutions for complex anatomies and individualized patient needs. The advantages of 3D-printed stents, such as improved biocompatibility, enhanced mechanical properties, and reduced risk of in-stent restenosis. Moreover, the clinical trials and case studies that shed light on the potential of 3D printing technology to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize the field has been comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, regulatory considerations, and challenges in implementing 3D-printed stents in clinical practice are also addressed, underscoring the need for standardization and quality assurance to ensure patient safety and device reliability. This review highlights a comprehensive resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers seeking to harness the full potential of 3D printing technology in the fight against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ayisha Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ur Rehman
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Azeem Awan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science, and technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College Abbottabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Sahin Z, Ozer NE, Akan T, Kılıcarslan MA, Karaagaclıoglu L. The effect of various surface treatments on the repair bond strength of denture bases produced by digital and conventional methods. Odontology 2023:10.1007/s10266-023-00881-2. [PMID: 38157108 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is limited information on the repairability of prostheses produced with digital technology. This study aims to evaluate various surface treatments on flexural bond strength of repaired dentured base resins produced by digital and conventional methods. A total of 360 samples were prepared from one heat-polymerized, one CAD/CAM milled and one 3D printed denture base materials. All of the test samples were subjected to thermocycling (5-55 °C, 5000 cycles) before and after repair with auto-polymerizing acrylic resin. The test samples were divided into five subgroups according to the surface treatment: grinding with silicon carbide (SC), sandblasting with Al2O3 (SB), Er:YAG laser (L), plasma (P) and negative control (NC) group (no treatment). In addition, the positive control (PC) group consisted of intact samples for the flexural strength test. Surface roughness measurements were performed with a profilometer. After repairing the test samples, a universal test device determined the flexural strength values. Both the surface topography and the fractured surfaces of samples were examined by SEM analysis. The elemental composition of the tested samples was analyzed by EDS. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed for statistical analysis of data. SB and L surface treatments statistically significantly increased the surface roughness values of all three materials compared to NC subgroups (p < 0.001). The flexural strength values of the PC groups in all three test materials were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.001). The repair flexural strength values were statistically different between the SC-SB, L-SB, and NC-SB subgroups for the CAD/CAM groups, and the L-SC and L-NC subgroups for the 3D groups (p < 0.001). The surface treatments applied to the CAD/CAM and heat-polymerized groups did not result in a statistically significant difference in the repair flexural strength values compared to the NC groups (p > 0.05). Laser surface treatment has been the most powerful repair method for 3D printing technique. Surface treatments led to similar repair flexural strengths to untreated groups for CAD/CAM milled and heat-polymerized test samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Sahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Söğütözü. 2179 St., Çankaya, 06510, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nazire Esra Ozer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Söğütözü. 2179 St., Çankaya, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tamer Akan
- Department of Physics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kılıcarslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Karaagaclıoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Söğütözü. 2179 St., Çankaya, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
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Teixeira ÉF, Girundi ALG, Alexandrino LD, Morel LL, de Almeida MVR, Dos Santos VR, Fraga S, da Silva WJ, Mengatto CM. Effects of disinfection with a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture on the surface characteristics of denture acrylic resins. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:45. [PMID: 38153515 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate changes in the surface characteristics of two denture resins when disinfected with a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide (VHP) mixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microwave-polymerized or 3D printed acrylic resin disks were immersed for 900 min (simulating 90 daily uses) in the following solutions (N = 10): water; 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; hydrogen peroxide and water dilution (1:1 ratio); vinegar and water dilution (1:1 ratio); and VHP mixture. Surface roughness, Knoop microhardness, surface free energy, and scanning electron microscopic images were assessed before and after the immersions. Results were compared using the 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey test, at 5% significance. RESULTS Surface roughness and microhardness did not differ (P > .05) among the solutions and times. Surface free energy and its dispersive component increased (P < .05) for all solutions. All solutions, except for water and VHP mixture, degraded microtopography. CONCLUSIONS The VHP mixture was not deleterious to conventional and 3D-printed resin surfaces. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Conventional and 3D printed resin dentures can be disinfected with a VHP mixture in a 1:1 ratio because this mixture does not substantially affect the surface characteristics after 90 daily immersions. On the contrary, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and vinegar solutions, even in low concentrations, should be used with caution for denture disinfection because they may alter the resin microtopography over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érico Fabbro Teixeira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Gonçalves Girundi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dolfini Alexandrino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Lourenço Morel
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Rocha de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Fraga
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wander José da Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Machado Mengatto
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Jeong M, Radomski K, Lopez D, Liu JT, Lee JD, Lee SJ. Materials and Applications of 3D Printing Technology in Dentistry: An Overview. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38275676 PMCID: PMC10814684 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of 3D printing, the dental materials relevant to each mechanism, and the possible applications of these materials within different areas of dentistry. METHODS Subtopics within 3D printing technology in dentistry were identified and divided among five reviewers. Electronic searches of the Medline (PubMed) database were performed with the following search keywords: 3D printing, digital light processing, stereolithography, digital dentistry, dental materials, and a combination of the keywords. For this review, only studies or review papers investigating 3D printing technology for dental or medical applications were included. Due to the nature of this review, no formal evidence-based quality assessment was performed, and the search was limited to the English language without further restrictions. RESULTS A total of 64 articles were included. The significant applications, applied materials, limitations, and future directions of 3D printing technology were reviewed. Subtopics include the chronological evolution of 3D printing technology, the mechanisms of 3D printing technologies along with different printable materials with unique biomechanical properties, and the wide range of applications for 3D printing in dentistry. CONCLUSIONS This review article gives an overview of the history and evolution of 3D printing technology, as well as its associated advantages and disadvantages. Current 3D printing technologies include stereolithography, digital light processing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering/melting, photopolymer jetting, powder binder, and 3D laser bioprinting. The main categories of 3D printing materials are polymers, metals, and ceramics. Despite limitations in printing accuracy and quality, 3D printing technology is now able to offer us a wide variety of potential applications in different fields of dentistry, including prosthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial, orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontics. Understanding the existing spectrum of 3D printing applications in dentistry will serve to further expand its use in the dental field. Three-dimensional printing technology has brought about a paradigm shift in the delivery of clinical care in medicine and dentistry. The clinical use of 3D printing has created versatile applications which streamline our digital workflow. Technological advancements have also paved the way for the integration of new dental materials into dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Kyle Radomski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Diana Lopez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Jack T. Liu
- Dexter Southfield, Brookline, MA 02445, USA;
| | - Jason D. Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Sang J. Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.J.); (K.R.); (D.L.); (J.D.L.)
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Almogbel L, Sadid-Zadeh R, Örgev A, Çakmak G, Li R. Flexural strength, surface roughness, and biofilm formation of ceramic-reinforced PEEK: An in vitro comparative study. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 38057961 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to compare flexural strength, surface roughness, and biofilm formation of ceramic-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with conventionally heat-compressed and milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty strips (6.4 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm) and 30 discs (10 mm × 1 mm) were fabricated from a heat-compressed PMMA, milled PMMA, and ceramic-reinforced PEEK, 10 each. One surface of each sample was polished to mimic the laboratory procedure for denture base materials. Strips were then subjected to a three-point bend test using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. An optical profilometer was used to assess the Ra value (mm) of the discs on polished and unpolished sides. Biofilm formation behavior was analyzed by measuring the colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of Candida albicans on the unpolished surface of the discs. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison tests were used to compare the flexural strength, Ra value, and biofilm formation of the studied materials (a = 0.05). RESULTS Ceramic-reinforced PEEK showed significantly higher flexural strength (178.2 ± 3.2 MPa) than milled PMMA (89.6 ± 0.8 MPa; p < 0.001) and heat-compressed PMMA (67.3 ± 5.3 MPa; p < 0.001). Ceramic-reinforced PEEK exhibited a significantly higher Ra value than the other groups on unpolished sides; however, the polishing process significantly reduced the Ra values of all studied groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C. albicans adhesion among the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The flexural strength of tested materials was within acceptable limits for clinical use as a denture base material. Ceramic-reinforced PEEK had the highest surface roughness; however, its similarity in biofilm formation to other groups indicates its clinical acceptability as denture base material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolowh Almogbel
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmet Örgev
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. 3D printed denture base material: The effect of incorporating TiO 2 nanoparticles and artificial ageing on the physical and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1122-1136. [PMID: 37839997 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed denture base resin incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), subjected to a physical ageing process. METHODS Acrylic denture base samples were prepared by a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing technique reinforced with different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of silanated TiO2 NPs. The resulting nanocomposite materials were characterized in terms of degree of conversion (DC), and sorption/solubility flexural strength, impact strength, Vickers hardness and Martens hardness and compared with unmodified resin and conventional heat-cured (HC) material. The nanocomposites were reassessed after subjecting them to ageing in artificial saliva. A fractured surface was studied under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS The addition of TiO2 NPs into 3D-printed resin significantly improved flexural strength/modulus, impact strength, Vickers hardness, and DC, while also slightly enhancing Martens hardness compared to the unmodified resin. Sorption values did not show any improvements, while solubility was reduced significantly. The addition of 0.10 wt% NPs provided the highest performance amongst the other concentrations, and 0.75 wt% NPs showed the lowest. Although ageing degraded the materials' performance to a certain extent, the trends remained the same. SEM images showed a homogenous distribution of the NPs at lower concentrations (0.10 and 0.25 wt%) but revealed agglomeration of the NPs with the higher concentrations (0.50 and 0.75 wt%). SIGNIFICANCE The outcomes of this study suggested that the incorporation of TiO2 NPs (0.10 wt%) into 3D-printed denture base material showed superior performance compared to the unmodified 3D-printed resin even after ageing in artificial saliva. The nanocomposite has the potential to extend service life of denture bases in future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro AB, Tinelli BM, Clemente LM, Poker BDC, Oliveira VDC, Watanabe E, Silva-Lovato CH. Effect of Hygiene Protocols on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Two 3D-Printed Denture Resins Characterized by Extrinsic Pigmentation as Well as the Mixed Biofilm Formed on the Surface. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1630. [PMID: 37998832 PMCID: PMC10669351 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of hygiene protocols and time on the physical-mechanical properties and colony-forming units (CFU) of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans on 3D-printed denture resins (SmartPrint and Yller) with extrinsic pigmentation compared to conventional resin (CR). The protocols were evaluated: brushing (B), brushing and immersion in water (W), 0.25% sodium hypochlorite (SH), and 0.15% triclosan (T), simulating 0, 1, 3, and 5 years. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measurements, ANOVA (Three-way) and Tukey's post-test, generalized linear model with Bonferroni adjustment, and ANOVA (Two-way) and Tukey's post-test (α = 0.05). The protocols influenced color (p = 0.036) and Knoop hardness (p < 0.001). Surface roughness was influenced by protocols/resin (p < 0.001) and time/resin (p = 0.001), and flexural strength by time/protocols (p = 0.014). C. albicans showed interactions with all factors (p = 0.033). Staphylococcus aureus was affected by protocols (p < 0.001). Streptococcus mutans exhibited no count for SH and T (p < 0.001). Yller resin showed more color changes. The 3D-printed resins displayed lower microhardness, increased roughness, and decreased flexural strength compared to CR with all protocols in a simulated period of 5 years. The indication of printed resins should be restricted to less than 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Beatriz Marcatto Tinelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Lorena Mosconi Clemente
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Beatriz de Camargo Poker
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (A.B.R.); (B.M.T.); (L.M.C.); (B.d.C.P.); (V.d.C.O.)
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Çakmak G, Asadolahi NW, Schimmel M, Molinero-Mourelle P, Akay C, Donmez MB, Yilmaz B. Effect of coffee thermal cycling on the surface properties and stainability of additively manufactured denture base resins in different layer thicknesses. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37968565 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of coffee thermal cycling on surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness (MH), and stainability of denture base resins additively manufactured in different layer thicknesses with those of subtractively manufactured denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty disk-shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm) were fabricated from two subtractively (Merz M-PM [SM-M] and G-CAM [SM-G]) and three additively (NextDent 3D+ [50 µm, AM-N-50; 100 µm, AM-N-100], FREEPRINT Denture [50 µm, AM-F-50; 100 µm, AM-F-100], and Denturetec [50 µm, AM-S-50; 100 µm, AM-S-100]) manufactured denture base materials (n = 10). Ra measurements were performed before and after polishing by using a non-contact optical profilometer, while MH values and color coordinates were measured after polishing. Specimens were then subjected to 5000 cycles of coffee thermal cycling, all measurements were repeated, and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. A linear mixed effect model was used to analyze Ra and MH data, while one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze ΔE00 data (α = 0.05). Ra values were further evaluated according to a clinically acceptable threshold of 0.2 µm, while ΔE00 values were evaluated according to perceptibility (1.72 units) and acceptability (4.08 units) thresholds. The interaction between the material type and the time interval affected both Ra and MH (p ≤ 0.001). Tested materials had their highest Ra before polishing (p ≤ 0.029). Before polishing, AM-F-100 had the highest, and SM-M and SM-G had the lowest Ra (p < 0.001). After polishing and after coffee thermal cycling, SM-G mostly had lower Ra than those of other materials (p ≤ 0.036). SM-G mostly had higher MH than that of other materials before and after coffee thermal cycling (p ≤ 0.025). Coffee thermal cycling reduced the MH of SM-M and increased that of AM-S-100 (p ≤ 0.024). AM-N-100 had higher ΔE00 than AM-F, AM-S-100, and SM-G (p ≤ 0.009), while AM-F and SM-G had lower ΔE00 than AM-S-50 and AM-N-50 (p ≤ 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Polishing reduced the surface roughness of all materials, whereas the effect of coffee thermal cycling was nonsignificant. Most of the tested materials had acceptable surface roughness after polishing and after coffee thermal cycling according to the reported threshold. Layer thickness only affected the microhardness of tested additively manufactured resins, which was material-dependent. Subtractively manufactured specimens mostly had high microhardness and that of nonreinforced subtractively manufactured resin decreased after coffee thermal cycling. When reported color thresholds are considered, all materials had acceptable color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nura Watson Asadolahi
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
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Alouthah H, Lippert F, Yang CC, Levon JA, Lin WS. Comparison of surface characteristics of denture base resin materials with two surface treatment protocols and simulated brushing. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37950596 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of 4 denture base materials, 2 surface treatment protocols, and simulated brushing (SB) on the surface hardness, surface roughness, surface gloss, and the surface loss of denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four denture base resin material groups (compression-molded, injection-molded, 3D-printed, and milled) with two different surface treatment protocols (polished and glazed) were utilized in this study. A total of 80 samples (n = 10) were evaluated for surface hardness (Vickers) before SB. SB was performed for each sample (custom-built V8 cross brushing machine, 50,000 reciprocal strokes). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured before and after SB with a non-contact optical profilometer. Surface gloss was performed using a glossmeter to determine changes in surface reflectivity of the specimens before and after SB. Surface loss (wear resistance) was measured after SB using optical profilometry. The effects of material, surface treatment, and SB on all surface characteristics were examined with two-way and three-way analysis of variance models (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). RESULTS The polished compression-molded group had significantly higher surface hardness than all other groups. The protective glaze coating significantly increased the surface hardness for all groups (P < 0.001). SB increased the surface roughness of all groups regardless of surface treatments (P < 0.001). The increase in surface roughness after SB was significantly higher with polished surface treatment than with a glazed surface treatment in all groups (P < 0.001). Surface gloss was significantly higher with the glazed surface treatment than with the polished surface treatment for all denture base materials (P < 0.001). After SB, milled denture base material showed the highest, and 3D-printed material showed the second highest surface gloss compared to the other groups (P < 0.001), regardless of surface treatment. In all materials tested, surface glaze significantly decreased surface loss (P < 0.001). With the glaze surface treatment, compression-molded denture base material had significantly less surface loss (more surface gain) than other materials, while with the polished surface treatment, 3D-printed denture base material had the least surface loss when compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS A single layer of nano-filled, light-polymerizing protective glaze coating has displayed potential for enhancing the longevity of denture base materials, as evidenced by increased hardness and wear resistance. Following simulated brushing, the milled denture material exhibited the highest surface gloss and lowest surface roughness among all groups, regardless of the surface treatment protocol. This indicates that milled denture base material possesses favorable surface properties and may serve as a viable alternative to traditional denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Alouthah
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, Advanced Education Program in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry, and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Yang
- Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John A Levon
- Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Carvalho LF, Alves LMM, Bergamo ETP, Benalcazar Jalkh EB, Campos TMB, Zahoui A, Fermino EDS, Magalhães AC, Silva TL, Coelho PG, Bonfante EA. Influence of abrasive dentifrices on polymeric reconstructive material properties after simulated toothbrushing. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2268670. [PMID: 38027422 PMCID: PMC10631383 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2268670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the influence of dentifrices with different abrasiveness levels on the properties of dental reconstructive materials. Forty-eight cylinders were obtained from four polymeric materials, being two CAD/CAM acrylic resins (Ivotion-Dent and Ivotion-Base), one injected acrylic resin (IvoBase-Hydrid) and one light-cured resin composite (Empress Direct). Specimens were allocated to four subgroups for toothbrushing simulation according to the dentifrice relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) and silica content: (i) RDA 0 = 0%; (ii) RDA 50 = 3%; (iii) RDA 100 = 10%; and (iv) RDA 120 = 25%. Specimens were then subjected to toothbrushing. Surface analyses [surface roughness Ra (SR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] along with hardness and optical properties [translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR)] were evaluated before and after toothbrushing. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey test. A significant increase in SR was observed after toothbrushing with higher RDA toothpastes for Ivotion-Dent (100 and 120) and IvoBase-Hybrid (120). Ivotion-Base and Empress Direct presented no significant differences in SR when analyzed as a function of timepoint and RDA levels. Hardness was not influenced by toothbrushing with different RDA dentifrices, except for Empress Direct with RDA 0 toothpaste, where a decrease in the hardness was observed. TP of Ivotion-Dent and Empress Direct significantly decreased after toothbrushing with higher RDA dentifrices and CR of Ivotion-Dent, Empress Direct and IvoBase-Hybrid significantly increased with higher RDA dentifrices. The levels of dentifrice abrasiveness affected differently the SR, hardness and optical properties of polymeric reconstructive materials after toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Firmo Carvalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marcia Martins Alves
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Edmara T. P. Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Byron Benalcazar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Abbas Zahoui
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Elisa de Souza Fermino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thelma Lopes Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Miami, FL, USA
| | - Estevam A. Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
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Borg H, Azer SS, El Hadary A, Helaly O, Shoeib A, Hassan M. Evaluation of enamel wear by 3 occlusal splint materials: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:743.e1-743.e6. [PMID: 37743141 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Occlusal devices used to manage bruxism have been commonly fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate with the powder-liquid technique. More recently, Vertex ThermoSens (VTS) and the biocompatible high-performance polymer (BioHPP), an optimized material having polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as its basis, have been used, but little is known about the wear of these materials on human enamel. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess via a mastication simulation test how 3 occlusal device materials affected the wear and roughness of enamel antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS A noncontact 3D optical profilometer was used to measure the enamel surface roughness (Ra) against 3 occlusal device materials: vertex regular, VTS, and PEEK high-performance polymer (BioHPP). A dual-axis mastication simulator was used to perform a 2-body wear test on specimens from each group. The test consisted of 10 000 cycles with a 70-N force and 5 to 55 °C thermocycling. Following simulated mastication, the weight of each specimen and the Ra change were compared with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired specimens t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and 1-way analysis of variance (α=.05). RESULTS The polyamide group caused the lowest amount of enamel wear (P<.05), while the heat-polymerized acrylic resin group induced the largest amount of enamel wear (P<.05). For polyamide and PEEK, the change in enamel surface roughness exhibited a smooth texture, whereas it found a rougher surface for the heat-polymerized acrylic resin. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, surface roughness and wear on human enamel were not correlated. PEEK is a promising material for the fabrication of occlusal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Borg
- Assistant Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Alsalam University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shereen S Azer
- Associate Professor and Chair, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Amany El Hadary
- Professor, Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Adjunct Professor of Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Osama Helaly
- Lecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Shoeib
- Lecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hassan
- Lecturer of Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
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Dib Zakkour S, Dib Zakkour J, Guadilla Y, Montero J, Dib A. Comparative Evaluation of the Digital Workflow and Conventional Method in Manufacturing Complete Removal Prostheses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6955. [PMID: 37959552 PMCID: PMC10650844 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The aging population in developed countries has increased the number of edentulous patients and, therefore, the need for prosthetic rehabilitation to improve their quality of life. Complete dentures are the main treatment option in these cases. The use of CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) in dentistry has improved clinical protocols and outcomes, achieving a reduction in work time and economic costs for the patients. The main objective of this review was to compare the characteristics of conventional and digital dentures, attempting to determine whether the use of new technologies represents an improvement in the properties of removable complete dentures. A bibliographic review was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scielo, and Embase databases. With the initial search, 157 articles were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 publications were selected for this bibliographic review. The different conclusions of the studies consulted were compared regarding fit and retention, fracture resistance, surface roughness, biocompatibility, and aesthetics, taking into account the different methods of prostheses fabrication. In general, digital prostheses have shown better mechanical properties and, consequently, better biocompatibility and aesthetics than conventional prostheses. However, the obtained results were very heterogeneous, preventing a supported conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasmina Guadilla
- Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (Y.G.); (J.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Javier Montero
- Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (Y.G.); (J.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Abraham Dib
- Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (Y.G.); (J.M.); (A.D.)
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Charasseangpaisarn T, Wiwatwarrapan C, Thunyakitpisal P, Srimaneepong V. Development of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(lactic acid) blend as sustainable biomaterial for dental applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16904. [PMID: 37803035 PMCID: PMC10558438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is gaining popularity in manufacturing due to environmental concerns. When comparing to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PLA exhibits low melting and glass transition temperature (Tg). To enhance the properties of these polymers, a PMMA/PLA blend has been introduced. This study aimed to investigate the optimal ratio of PMMA/PLA blends for potential dental applications based on their mechanical properties, physical properties, and biocompatibility. The PMMA/PLA blends were manufactured by melting and mixing using twin screw extruder and prepared into thermoplastic polymer beads. The specimens of neat PMMA (M100), three different ratios of PMMA/PLA blends (M75, M50, and M25), and neat PLA (M0) were fabricated with injection molding technique. The neat polymers and polymer blends were investigated in terms of flexural properties, Tg, miscibility, residual monomer, water sorption, water solubility, degradation, and biocompatibility. The data was statistically analyzed. The results indicated that Tg of PMMA/PLA blends was increased with increasing PMMA content. PMMA/PLA blends were miscible in all composition ratios. The flexural properties of polymer blends were superior to those of neat PMMA and neat PLA. The biocompatibility was not different among different composition ratios. Additionally, the other parameters of PMMA/PLA blends were improved as the PMMA ratio decreased. Thus, the optimum ratio of PMMA/PLA blends have the potential to serve as novel sustainable biomaterial for extensive dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taksid Charasseangpaisarn
- Dental Biomaterials Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Chairat Wiwatwarrapan
- Dental Biomaterials Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Chula Unisearch, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Dental Biomaterials Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Viritpon Srimaneepong
- Dental Biomaterials Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Elrahim RAA, Shown A, Abdellah M, Abualsaud R, Helal MA. Impact of different chemical denture cleansers on the properties of digitally fabricated denture base resin materials. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37767991 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the impact of three different chemical denture cleansers (CDCs) (Corega, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of 3D-printed, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled, and heat-polymerized denture base material (DBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 420 disc-shaped specimens (10 ± 0.1 × 2 ±0.1 mm) were fabricated using three different construction techniques: three-dimensional (3D) printing (n = 140), CAD-CAM milling (n = 140), and heat-polymerization (n = 140). Sixty specimens (20 of each DBM) were used for baseline (pre-immersion) measurements (T1 ) for the tested surface properties (hardness [n = 10/material] and roughness [n = 10/material]). The remaining 360 specimens (n = 120/material) were investigated for surface roughness, microhardness, and color change after immersion for 1 year (T2 ) in distilled water or CDCs (n = 30/solution and n = 10/test). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test at a significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the effects of the tested CDCs on the surface roughness, micro-hardness, and color stability of varying DBM specimens (p < 0.05). Corega showed the highest surface roughness and color change in all DBMs while H2 O2 resulted in the lowest microhardness for all DBMs. The lowest changes in all tested properties were seen with distilled water followed by chlorhexidine. A significant effect of type of cleanser, denture base material, and the interaction between the two was seen on all measured properties (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The tested CDCs significantly affected the surface properties of all DBMs but at varying degrees. Corega produced the highest negative effect on roughness and color change while H2 O2 dramatically affected the microhardness. Prolonged use of CDCs should be cautiously followed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Shown
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Al Mouwasat Hospital, Al Madinah Al Mounawarah, KSA
| | - Mahmoud Abdellah
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Helal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Schmutzler A, Stingu CS, Günther E, Lang R, Fuchs F, Koenig A, Rauch A, Hahnel S. Attachment of Respiratory Pathogens and Candida to Denture Base Materials-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6127. [PMID: 37834772 PMCID: PMC10573319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture prostheses are an ideal and extensive reservoir for microorganisms to attach to their surfaces. The aim of the study was to elucidate interactions between materials for the fabrication of denture bases and the attachment of microorganisms, focusing on respiratory pathogens and Candida species. Specimens (6 mm × 1 mm) with a standardized surface roughness (Sa = 0.1 µm) were prepared from heat-pressed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), CAD/CAM-processed PMMA, and CAD/CAM-processed polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The specimens were randomly placed in the vestibular areas of complete upper dentures in seven patients and were removed either after 24 h without any oral hygiene measures or after a period of four weeks. The microorganisms adherent to the surface of the specimens were cultivated and subsequently analyzed using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The means and standard deviations were calculated, and the data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test where appropriate (α = 0.05). There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.004) in the total bacterial counts (CFU/mL) between the first (24 h) and the second (four weeks) measurements. Regarding quantitative microbiological analyses, no significant differences between the various materials were identified. Respiratory microorganisms were detected in all samples at both measurement time points, with a large variance between different patients. Only after four weeks, Candida species were identified on all materials but not in all participants. Candida species and respiratory microorganisms accumulate on various denture base resins. While no significant differences were identified between the materials, there was a tendency towards a more pronounced accumulation of microorganisms on conventionally processed PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schmutzler
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Catalina Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Clinics, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Günther
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Science, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhold Lang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Science, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials Science, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Le Bars P, Bandiaky ON, Le Guéhennec L, Clouet R, Kouadio AA. Different Polymers for the Base of Removable Dentures? Part I: A Narrative Review of Mechanical and Physical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3495. [PMID: 37688123 PMCID: PMC10490543 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Even before considering their introduction into the mouth, the choice of materials for the optimization of the prosthesis depends on specific parameters such as their biocompatibility, solidity, resistance, and longevity. In the first part of this two-part review, we approach the various mechanical characteristics that affect this choice, which are closely related to the manufacturing process. Among the materials currently available, it is mainly polymers that are suitable for this use in this field. Historically, the most widely used polymer has been polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), but more recently, polyamides (nylon) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) have provided interesting advantages. The incorporation of certain molecules into these polymers will lead to modifications aimed at improving the mechanical properties of the prosthetic bases. In the second part of the review, the safety aspects of prostheses in the oral ecosystem (fragility of the undercuts of soft/hard tissues, neutral pH of saliva, and stability of the microbiota) are addressed. The microbial colonization of the prosthesis, in relation to the composition of the material used and its surface conditions (roughness, hydrophilicity), is of primary importance. Whatever the material and manufacturing process chosen, the coating or finishes dependent on the surface condition remain essential (polishing, non-stick coating) for limiting microbial colonization. The objective of this narrative review is to compile an inventory of the mechanical and physical properties as well as the clinical conditions likely to guide the choice between polymers for the base of removable prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Octave Nadile Bandiaky
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Laurent Le Guéhennec
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Roselyne Clouet
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Alain Ayepa Kouadio
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Hospital Center, Abidjan P.O. Box 612, Côte d’Ivoire
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Falahchai M, Ghavami-Lahiji M, Rasaie V, Amin M, Neshandar Asli H. Comparison of mechanical properties, surface roughness, and color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerizing denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:266.e1-266.e8. [PMID: 37422420 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed denture base materials are scarce, and those available have reported conflicting results. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the mechanical properties, surface roughness, and color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerizing denture base materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 34 rectangular specimens (64×10×3.3 mm) were fabricated from each of the conventional (SR Triplex Hot; Ivoclar AG) and 3D-printed (Denta base; Asiga) denture base materials. All specimens underwent coffee thermocycling for 5000 cycles, and half in each group (n=17) were evaluated in terms of color parameters, color change (ΔE00), and surface roughness (Ra) before and after coffee thermocycling. The specimens then underwent a 3-point bend test. The remaining specimens in each group (n=17) underwent impact strength and Vickers hardness testing. Data were analyzed by the paired samples, independent samples, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (α=.05). RESULTS The color change caused by coffee thermocycling in the 3D-printed group was higher than that in the conventional group (P<.001). Surface roughness significantly increased in both groups after coffee thermocycling (P<.001). The conventional group had higher surface roughness before coffee thermocycling, while the 3D-printed group had higher surface roughness after coffee thermocycling (P<.001). The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface hardness in the conventional group were significantly higher than those in the 3D-printed group (P<.001). However, the impact strength of the conventional group was lower than that of the 3D-printed group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed denture base material showed higher impact strength and surface roughness than the conventional heat-polymerizing acrylic resin. However, flexural strength and modulus, surface hardness, and color stability were lower in the 3D-printed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Falahchai
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vanya Rasaie
- Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Graduate student, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Neshandar Asli
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Assistant Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Lee WJ, Jo YH, Yilmaz B, Yoon HI. Effect of layer thickness, build angle, and viscosity on the mechanical properties and manufacturing trueness of denture base resin for digital light processing. J Dent 2023; 135:104598. [PMID: 37356562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of layer thickness, build angle, and viscosity on the mechanical properties and trueness of denture base resins used for digital light processing (DLP). METHODS Two denture base resins for DLP in different viscosity (high and low) were tested by using two manufacturing parameters:1) layer thickness (LT) (50- or 100-μm) and 2) build angle (BA) (0-, 45-, and 90-degree). disk- and bar-shaped specimens were used to evaluate hardness and flexural strength, respectively. Denture base specimens were used to examine trueness, and the deviation was calculated as the root mean square. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the interaction among the three factors (viscosity, LT, and BA). Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Effects of LT and BA on hardness differed according to viscosity, with significant interactions among three factors (P=.027). Regardless of LT or BA, the low-viscosity group had higher hardness than the high-viscosity group (P<.001). In terms of flexural strength, no significant interaction was detected between the factors (P=.212), however, the effects of LT and BA were significant (P=.003 and P<.001, respectively). Regarding trueness, a significant interaction was observed between viscosity and BA (P=.001). Low-viscosity group had higher trueness than high-viscosity group when the 45- and 90-degree BA were applied (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS LT and BA significantly affected the mechanical properties and trueness of the 3DP denture base, depending on the viscosity. For hardness and trueness, using low-viscosity resin and manufacturing with 50-μm LT and 45-degree BA are recommended. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Resin viscosity affects the influence of LT and BA on the hardness, flexural strength, and trueness of DLP-generated denture bases. A 50-μm LT and 45-degree BA can be used with a low-viscosity resin to fabricate denture bases with higher hardness and trueness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Lee WJ, Jo YH, Yoon HI. Influence of postpolymerization time and atmosphere on the mechanical properties, degree of conversion, and cytotoxicity of denture bases produced by digital light processing. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:265.e1-265.e7. [PMID: 37353410 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the effects of postprocessing conditions on the physical properties, degree of conversion (DC), and biocompatibility of denture bases produced by digital light processing are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of the atmosphere during postpolymerization and of postpolymerization time on the flexural strength, Vickers hardness, DC, cytotoxicity, and residual monomer content of denture bases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six different groups of bar- and disk-shaped specimens from the denture base resin were produced, considering 2 different atmospheres (air and nitrogen) and 3 different postpolymerization times (5, 10, and 20 minutes). To determine the physical properties, the flexural strength and Vickers hardness were measured. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was used to calculate DC. Cytotoxicity was assessed from the effect on human gingival fibroblasts. The residual monomer content was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the normality test by the Shapiro-Wilk method, a nonparametric factorial analysis of variances was conducted (α=.05). RESULTS A significant interaction was detected between the atmosphere and postpolymerization time for hardness (P<.001) but no interaction for strength, DC, or cytotoxicity (P=.826, P=.786, and P=.563, respectively). Hardness was significantly affected by the postpolymerization time in the groups with the nitrogen atmosphere (P<.001). DC was significantly affected by the atmosphere (P=.012), whereas strength and cytotoxicity were not (P=.500 and P=.299, respectively). Cytotoxicity was significantly affected by the postpolymerization time (P<.001), but strength and DC were not (P=.482 and P=.167, respectively). Residual monomers were not detected after ≥10-minute postpolymerization time. CONCLUSIONS The atmosphere significantly affected hardness and DC, whereas the postpolymerization time significantly affected hardness, DC, cytotoxicity, and residual monomer content. Denture bases produced in a nitrogen atmosphere and with the 10-minute postpolymerization time showed sufficient hardness, DC, and no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jun Lee
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Senior Researcher, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Adjunct Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Carvalho Porto de Freitas RF, Claudino Ribeiro AK, Carneiro Pereira AL, Florêncio Costa RT, Dutra V, Lin WS, Dantas de Moraes SL, da Fonte Porto Carreiro A. Workflow for complete dentures fabrication in three appointments: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:164-170. [PMID: 34865836 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This technical report describes a novel workflow for complete denture fabrication designed to abbreviate the necessary steps for dental prostheses delivery by using a 3-appointment protocol in which preliminary impressions are made in the first session together with the registration of maxillary lip support, occlusal plane, and reference lines for tooth arrangement. A trial denture is fabricated with conventional or computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing procedures and is evaluated in the second appointment for esthetics, the definitive impression, and the maxillomandibular relationship record to provide precise references for definitive denture fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro
- PhD student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana Larisse Carneiro Pereira
- PhD student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Dutra
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Associate Professor, Program Director and Interim Chair, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Sandra Lúcia Dantas de Moraes
- Associate Professor, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
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Barbur I, Opris H, Crisan B, Cuc S, Colosi HA, Baciut M, Opris D, Prodan D, Moldovan M, Crisan L, Dinu C, Baciut G. Statistical Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin through Triple-Jetting Technology and Conventional PMMA in Orthodontic Occlusal Splint Manufacturing. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2155. [PMID: 37626652 PMCID: PMC10452228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental 3D-printing technologies, including stereolithography (SLA), polyjet (triple-jetting technology), and fusion deposition modeling, have revolutionized the field of orthodontic occlusal splint manufacturing. Three-dimensional printing is now currently used in many dental fields, such as restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, implantology, and orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the mechanical properties of 3D-printed materials and compare them with the conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Compression, flexural, and tensile properties were evaluated and compared between PMMA samples (n = 20) created using the "salt and pepper" technique and digitally designed 3D-printed samples (n = 20). The samples were subjected to scanning electron microscope analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that the control material (PMMA) exhibited a significantly higher Young's modulus of compression and tensile strength (p < 0.05). In the flexural tests, the control samples demonstrated superior load at break results (p < 0.05). However, the 3D-printed samples exhibited significantly higher maximum bending stress at maximum load (MPa) (p < 0.05). Young's modulus of tensile testing (MPa) was statistically significant higher for the control samples, while the 3D-printed samples demonstrated significantly higher values for elongation at break (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that 3D-printed materials are a promising alternative that can be effectively utilized in clinical practice, potentially replacing traditional heat-cured resin in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Barbur
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Horia Opris
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Bogdan Crisan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Stanca Cuc
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.); (D.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Horatiu Alexandru Colosi
- Department of Medical Education, Division of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Daiana Opris
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Doina Prodan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.); (D.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.); (D.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Liana Crisan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.C.); (M.B.); (D.O.); (L.C.); (C.D.); (G.B.)
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Prawatvatchara W, Limpuangthip N, Techapiroonthong S, Thamrongananskul N. Three-piece digital complete denture obturator with a heptagonal key assembly for a patient with a total maxillectomy: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00413-4. [PMID: 37438165 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital workflows have been used in the oral rehabilitation of patients with maxillofacial defects. However, dental techniques for fabricating a denture obturator for patients with a total maxillectomy are lacking. This technical report describes the use of digital technology to produce a milled complete denture obturator using an intraoral scanner, a computer-aided design software program, and computer-aided manufacturing. The limited size of the milled polymethylmethacrylate disk was resolved by separating the prosthesis into 3 pieces: the obturator base, denture base, and artificial teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisarut Prawatvatchara
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareudee Limpuangthip
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Siraphob Techapiroonthong
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Niyom Thamrongananskul
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gupta A, Alifui-Segbaya F, Hasanov S, White AR, Ahmed KE, Love RM, Fidan I. Material extrusion of thermoplastic acrylic for intraoral devices: Technical feasibility and evaluation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105950. [PMID: 37285773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With global demand for 3D printed medical devices on the rise, the search for safer, inexpensive, and sustainable methods is timely. Herein, we assessed the practicality of the material extrusion process for acrylic denture bases of which successful outcomes can be extended to implant surgical guides, orthodontic splints, impression trays, record bases and obturators for cleft palates or other maxillary defects. Representative materials comprising denture prototypes and test samples were designed and built with in-house polymethylmethacrylate filaments using varying print directions (PDs), layer heights (LHs) and reinforcements (RFs) with short glass fiber. The study undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the materials to determine their flexural, fracture, and thermal properties. Additional analyses for tensile and compressive properties, chemical composition, residual monomer, and surface roughness (Ra) were completed for parts with optimum parameters. Micrographic analysis of the acrylic composites revealed adequate fiber-matrix compatibility and predictably, their mechanical properties improved simultaneously with RFs and decreased LHs. Fiber reinforcement also improved the overall thermal conductivity of the materials. Ra, on the other hand, improved visibly with decreased RFs and LHs and the prototypes were effortlessly polished and characterized with veneering composites to mimic gingival tissues. In terms of chemical stability, the residual methyl methacrylate monomer contents are well below standards threshold for biological reactions. Notably, 5 vol% acrylic composites built with 0.05 mm LH in 0° on z-axis produced optimum properties that are superior to those of conventional acrylic, milled acrylic and 3D printed photopolymers. Finite element modeling successfully replicated the tensile properties of the prototypes. It may well be argued that the material extrusion process is cost-effective; however, the speed of manufacturing could be longer than that of established methods. Although the mean Ra is within an acceptable range, mandatory manual finishing and aesthetic pigmentation are required for long-term intraoral use. At a proof-of-concept level, it is evident that the material extrusion process can be applied to build inexpensive, safe, and robust thermoplastic acrylic devices. The broad outcomes of this novel study are equally worthy of academic reflection, and further translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- College of Engineering, Computer Science, and Technology, Department of Engineering and Technology, California State University, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Frank Alifui-Segbaya
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ian O'Connor Building, Griffith Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Seymur Hasanov
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Alan R White
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Khaled E Ahmed
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ian O'Connor Building, Griffith Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Robert M Love
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ian O'Connor Building, Griffith Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Ismail Fidan
- Tennessee Tech University, 920 N. Peachtree Avenue, MET Department, LEWS 103, Cookeville, TN, 38505-5003, USA.
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Baciu ER, Savin CN, Tatarciuc M, Mârțu I, Butnaru OM, Aungurencei AE, Mihalache AM, Diaconu-Popa D. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Different Resins Used in Oral Environments. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1042. [PMID: 37374246 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Acrylic resins remain the materials of choice for removable prosthesis due to their indisputable qualities. The continuous evolution in the field of dental materials offers practitioners today a multitude of therapeutic options. With the development of digital technologies, including both subtractive and additive methods, workflow has been considerably reduced and the precision of prosthetic devices has increased. The superiority of prostheses made by digital methods compared to conventional prostheses is much debated in the literature. Our study's objective was to compare the mechanical and surface properties of three types of resins used in conventional, subtractive, and additive technologies and to determine the optimal material and the most appropriate technology to obtain removable dentures with the highest mechanical longevity over time. Materials and Methods: For the mechanical tests, 90 samples were fabricated using the conventional method (heat curing), CAD/CAM milling, and 3D printing technology. The samples were analyzed for hardness, roughness, and tensile tests, and the data were statistically compared using Stata 16.1 software (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). A finite element method was used to show the behavior of the experimental samples in terms of the crack shape and its direction of propagation. For this assessment the materials had to be designed inside simulation software that has similar mechanical properties to those used for obtaining specimens for tensile tests. Results: The results of this study suggested that CAD/CAM milled samples showed superior surface characteristics and mechanical properties, comparable with conventional heat-cured resin samples. The propagation direction predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA) software was similar to that observed in a real-life specimen subjected to a tensile test. Conclusions: Removable dentures made from heat-cured resins remain a clinically acceptable option due to their surface quality, mechanical properties, and affordability. Three-dimensional printing technology can be successfully used as a provisional or emergency therapeutic solution. CAD/CAM milled resins exhibit the best mechanical properties with great surface finishes compared to the other two processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Raluca Baciu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Savin
- Department of Surgery, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Oral Implantology, Removable Dentures and Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ioana Mârțu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Removable Dentures and Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Oana Maria Butnaru
- Department of Surgery, Discipline of Basics of Physics and Biophysics in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Andra Elena Aungurencei
- Department of Oral Implantology, Removable Dentures and Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Andrei-Marius Mihalache
- Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Diana Diaconu-Popa
- Department of Oral Implantology, Removable Dentures and Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania
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Ceylan G, Emik S, Yalcinyuva T, Sunbuloğlu E, Bozdag E, Unalan F. The Effects of Cross-Linking Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102387. [PMID: 37242962 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking agents are incorporated into denture base materials to improve their mechanical properties. This study investigated the effects of various cross-linking agents, with different cross-linking chain lengths and flexibilities, on the flexural strength, impact strength, and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The cross-linking agents used were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). These agents were added to the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer component in concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume and 10% by molecular weight. A total of 630 specimens, comprising 21 groups, were fabricated. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were assessed using a 3-point bending test, impact strength was measured via the Charpy type test, and surface Vickers hardness was determined. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and ANOVA with post hoc Tamhane test (p ≤ 0.05). No significant increase in flexural strength, elastic modulus, or impact strength was observed in the cross-linking groups compared to conventional PMMA. However, surface hardness values notably decreased with the addition of 5% to 20% PEGDMA. The incorporation of cross-linking agents in concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Ceylan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
| | - Serkan Emik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Yalcinyuva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Emin Sunbuloğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomechanics & Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Ergun Bozdag
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomechanics & Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Fatma Unalan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul 34433, Turkey
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Alshamrani A, Alhotan A, Owais A, Ellakwa A. The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050267. [PMID: 37233377 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed crown resin materials with improved mechanical and physical properties is an area of growing interest in dentistry. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printed crown resin material modified with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers to enhance overall mechanical and physical properties. A total of 125 specimens were created and divided into five groups: control unmodified resin, 5% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin, and 10% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin. The fracture resistance, surface roughness, and translucency parameter were measured, and fractured crowns were studied under a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that 3D-printed parts that were strengthened with ZG and GS microfillers demonstrated comparable mechanical performance to unmodified crown resin but resulted in greater surface roughness, and only the group that contained 5% ZG showed an increase in translucency. However, it should be noted that increased surface roughness may impact the aesthetics of the crowns, and further optimisation of microfillers concentrations may be necessary. These findings suggest that the newly developed dental-based resins that incorporate microfillers could be suitable for clinical applications, but further studies are necessary to optimise the nanoparticle concentrations and investigate their long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alshamrani
- Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Owais
- The X-ray Spectroscopy Node, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ayman Ellakwa
- Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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El Samahy MM, Abdelhamid AM, El Shabrawy SM, Hanno KI. Evaluation of physicomechanical properties of milled versus 3D-printed denture base resins: A comparative in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:797.e1-797.e7. [PMID: 37121625 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies comparing the physicomechanical characteristics of denture base resins manufactured by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milling and 3-dimensional (3D) printing are sparse, resulting in challenges when choosing a fabrication method for complete dentures. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the impact strength, flexural strength, and the surface roughness of denture base resins manufactured by CAD-CAM milling and 3D printing before and after thermocycling and polishing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Evaluation of the physicomechanical properties (n=35) was completed before and after 500 thermocycles. Impact strength (n=14) was measured with a Charpy impact tester and flexural strength (n=14) with the 3-point bend test. Surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated (n=7) with a profilometer before and after thermocycling and polishing and by viewing the surface topography before and after polishing using a scanning electron microscope at ×2000. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon sign rank test were used for statistical analysis (α=.05). RESULTS Milled specimens showed statistically significantly higher impact strength before thermocycling and statistically significantly higher flexural strength before and after thermocycling (P=.004) compared with 3D-printed specimens. The Ra values for the milled group were significantly lower than for the 3D-printed group both before and after thermocycling (P=.006) and after polishing (P=.027). Thermocycling resulted in a statistically significant difference in flexural strength (P=.018) in both groups and in surface roughness in the milled group (P=.048); but no significant effect was found on impact strength (P>.05). Ra values for the 3D-printed group decreased after polishing (P=.048). CONCLUSIONS Milled specimens had higher flexural and impact strength and lower surface roughness values than 3D-printed specimens. Polishing significantly reduced the surface roughness in 3D-printed specimens but had no significant effect on milled specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M El Samahy
- Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdelhamid
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sonia M El Shabrawy
- Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kenda I Hanno
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Li R, Malik D, Sadid-Zadeh R. Effect of adding a hard-reline material on the flexural strength of conventional, 3D-printed, and milled denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:796.e1-796.e7. [PMID: 37121624 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Novel 3-dimensionally printed resin and milled polymethyl methacrylate materials have been marketed for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) denture base fabrication. However, information on the flexural strength of digitally fabricated denture base material is limited, and little is known about how they are affected by a hard-reline procedure. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the flexural strength of 6 digitally manufactured denture base materials and to assess the effect of a hard-reline procedure on their flexural strength. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 140 strips of denture base material were fabricated from a conventional heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (L199), 3 brands of milled polymethyl methacrylate (IBC, DSL, and ADH), and 3 brands of 3D-printed resin (DFD, ADB, and DrFD) (n=20). Ten specimens in each group did not receive any treatment, and 10 were relined with a hard-reline material (ProBase Cold Trial Kit). Specimens were then subjected to a 3-point flexural strength test using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. A 1-way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test was used to detect the difference in flexural strength and the strain at fracture of the different types of denture base materials (α=.05). The comparison of flexural strength between with and without hard-reline was analyzed using an unpaired t test (α=.05). RESULTS All materials, with or without the hard-reline, met the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20 795-1:2013 standard for flexural strength (65 MPa). The milled materials (DSL>IBC≈ADH) showed higher flexural strength than the 3D-printed or conventional materials (DrFD>DFD≈ADB≈L199) without a hard-reline. No statistical difference in flexural strength was found among the hard-relined denture base materials (P=.164). All 3 milled materials showed reduced flexural strength after relining, while the relined conventional (L199) and 3D-printed materials (DFD and ADB) showed notably higher flexural strength; printed DrFD showed no significant difference (P=.066). In terms of strain at fracture, the milled materials displayed higher values than those of the conventional or 3D-printed materials (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS All digitally fabricated denture base materials were within acceptable limits for clinical use, even after hard relining. Flexural strength was highly dependent on the type of material. Hard relining affected the flexural strength of most of the digitally fabricated denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Divya Malik
- Dental student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
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