1
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Wang X, Sogo Y, Li X. Size Tuning of Mesoporous Silica Adjuvant for One-Shot Vaccination with Long-Term Anti-Tumor Effect. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:516. [PMID: 38675177 PMCID: PMC11053635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy, it remains difficult to initiate a long-term anti-tumor effect. Therefore, repeated administrations of immune-activating agents are generally required in most cases. Herein, we propose an adjuvant particle size tuning strategy to initiate a long-term anti-tumor effect by one-shot vaccination. This strategy is based on the size-dependent immunostimulation mechanism of mesoporous silica particles. Hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) nanoparticles enhance the antigen uptake with dendritic cells around the immunization site in vivo. In contrast, hierarchically porous silica (HPS) microparticles prolong cancer antigen retention and release in vivo. The size tuning of the mesoporous silica adjuvant prepared by combining both nanoparticles and microparticles demonstrates the immunological properties of both components and has a long-term anti-tumor effect after one-shot vaccination. One-shot vaccination with HMS-HPS-ovalbumin (OVA)-Poly IC (PIC, a TLR3 agonist) increases CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD86+ cell populations in draining lymph nodes even 4 months after vaccination, as well as effector memory CD8+ T cell and tumor-specific tetramer+CD8+ T cell populations in splenocytes. The increases in the numbers of effector memory CD8+ T cells and tumor-specific tetramer+CD8+ T cells indicate that the one-shot vaccination with HMS-HPS-OVA-PIC achieved the longest survival time after a challenge with E.G7-OVA cells among all groups. The size tuning of the mesoporous silica adjuvant shows promise for one-shot vaccination that mimics multiple clinical vaccinations in future cancer immunoadjuvant development. This study may have important implications in the long-term vaccine design of one-shot vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Wang
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan; (Y.S.); (X.L.)
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2
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Ye T, Jiao Z, Li X, He Z, Li Y, Yang F, Zhao X, Wang Y, Huang W, Qin M, Feng Y, Qiu Y, Yang W, Hu L, Hu Y, Zhai Y, Wang E, Yu D, Wang S, Yue H, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhu L, Ma G, Wei W. Inhaled SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for single-dose dry powder aerosol immunization. Nature 2023; 624:630-638. [PMID: 38093012 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has fostered major advances in vaccination technologies1-4; however, there are urgent needs for vaccines that induce mucosal immune responses and for single-dose, non-invasive administration4-6. Here we develop an inhalable, single-dose, dry powder aerosol SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that induces potent systemic and mucosal immune responses. The vaccine encapsulates assembled nanoparticles comprising proteinaceous cholera toxin B subunits displaying the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen within microcapsules of optimal aerodynamic size, and this unique nano-micro coupled structure supports efficient alveoli delivery, sustained antigen release and antigen-presenting cell uptake, which are favourable features for the induction of immune responses. Moreover, this vaccine induces strong production of IgG and IgA, as well as a local T cell response, collectively conferring effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice, hamsters and nonhuman primates. Finally, we also demonstrate a mosaic iteration of the vaccine that co-displays ancestral and Omicron antigens, extending the breadth of antibody response against co-circulating strains and transmission of the Omicron variant. These findings support the use of this inhaled vaccine as a promising multivalent platform for fighting COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouguang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Di Yu
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Pudineh Moarref M, Alimolaei M, Emami T, Koohi MK. Development and evaluation of cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles loaded by Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: a novel vaccine delivery platform for Clostridial-associated diseases. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:420-431. [PMID: 37695263 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2252899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
As Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) epsilon toxin (ETX) ranks as the third most potent clostridial toxin after botulinum and tetanus toxins, vaccination is necessary for creatures that can be affected by it to be safe from the effects of this toxin. Nowadays, nanostructures are good choices for carriers for biological environments. We aimed to synthesize biomimetic biodegradable nanodevices to enhance the efficiency of the ETX vaccine. For this purpose, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer loaded with purified epsilon protoxin (proETX) to create nanoparticles called nanotoxins (NTs) and then coated by RBC membrane-derived vesicles (RVs) to form epsilon nanotoxoids (RV-NTs). The resulting RV-NTs shaped smooth spherical surfaces with double-layer core/shell structure with an average particle size of 105.9 ± 35.1 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 97.5% ± 0.13%. Compared with NTs, the RV-NTs were more stable for 15 consecutive days. In addition, although both structures showed a long-term cumulative release, the release rates from RV-NTs were slower than NTs during 144 hours. According to the results of cell viability, ETX loading in PLGA and entrapment in the RBC membrane decreased the toxicity of the toxin. The presence of PLGA enhances the uptake of proETX, and the synthesized structures showed no significant lesion after injection. These results demonstrate that NTs and RV-NTs could serve as an effective vaccine platform to deliver ETX for future in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokarameh Pudineh Moarref
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Alimolaei
- Research and Development Department, Kerman Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
| | - Tara Emami
- Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Di J, Wang J, Wang S, Ma M, Zhang H, Liu N, Zheng A, Gao X, Liu B, Gao J. Self-Boosting Vaccination Based on Pulsatile Antigen Release from Core-Shell Microparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207892. [PMID: 36732845 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is among the most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases. Subunit vaccines are safe but usually require multiple booster shots, which may lead to immunity loss and economic consume. In this study, a self-boosting vaccine is developed based on the pulsatile release of antigen from the core-shell microparticle after single-injection immunization. Self-healing technology applied to form an "antigen core" can avoid organic solvents from destroying the spatial structure of the antigen. The "antigen shell" is built-up by self-assemble of the antigen with the opposite charged polypeptide. Primary immunization occurs with the self-assembled film disintegration, and the booster comes with the microparticle degradation. The changing of antigen-specific antibodies after immunization with the core-shell microparticle vaccine is consistent with that caused by the two shots of immunization. The immune effect and safety evaluation results support the translational potential of this self-boosting core-shell microparticle vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
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5
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Peletta A, Lemoine C, Courant T, Collin N, Borchard G. Meeting vaccine formulation challenges in an emergency setting: Towards the development of accessible vaccines. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106699. [PMID: 36796463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered one of the most successful strategies to prevent infectious diseases. In the event of a pandemic or epidemic, the rapid development and distribution of the vaccine to the population is essential to reduce mortality, morbidity and transmission. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the production and distribution of vaccines has been challenging, in particular for resource-constrained settings, essentially slowing down the process of achieving global coverage. Pricing, storage, transportation and delivery requirements of several vaccines developed in high-income countries resulted in limited access for low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The capacity to manufacture vaccines locally would greatly improve global vaccine access. In particular, for the development of classical subunit vaccines, the access to vaccine adjuvants is a pre-requisite for more equitable access to vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants are agents required to augment or potentiate, and possibly target the specific immune response to such type of vaccine antigens. Openly accessible or locally produced vaccine adjuvants may allow for faster immunization of the global population. For local research and development of adjuvanted vaccines to expand, knowledge on vaccine formulation is of paramount importance. In this review, we aim to discuss the optimal characteristics of a vaccine developed in an emergency setting by focusing on the importance of vaccine formulation, appropriate use of adjuvants and how this may help overcome barriers for vaccine development and production in LMICs, achieve improved vaccine regimens, delivery and storage requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Peletta
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Lemoine
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
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6
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Ray S, Puente A, Steinmetz NF, Pokorski JK. Recent advancements in single dose slow-release devices for prophylactic vaccines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1832. [PMID: 35850120 PMCID: PMC9840709 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Single dose slow-release vaccines herald a new era in vaccine administration. An ideal device for slow-release vaccine delivery would be minimally invasive and self-administered, making these approaches an attractive alternative for mass vaccination programs, particularly during the time of a pandemic. In this review article, we discuss the latest advances in this field, specifically for prophylactic vaccines able to prevent infectious diseases. Recent studies have found that slow-release vaccines elicit better immune responses and often do not require cold chain transportation and storage, thus drastically reducing the cost, streamlining distribution, and improving efficacy. This promise has attracted significant attention, especially when poor patient compliance of the standard multidose vaccine regimes is considered. Single dose slow-release vaccines are the next generation of vaccine tools that could overcome most of the shortcomings of present vaccination programs and be the next platform technology to combat future pandemics. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Ray
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Armando Puente
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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7
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Davis B, Krautmann M, Leroueil PR. A method for estimating the impact of new vaccine technologies on vaccination coverage rates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263612. [PMID: 35143563 PMCID: PMC8830667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective tools for improving human health and well-being. The impact of a vaccine on population health is partly determined by its coverage rate, the proportion of eligible individuals vaccinated. Coverage rate is a function of the vaccine presentation and the population in which that presentation is deployed. This population includes not only the individuals vaccinated, but also the logistics and healthcare systems responsible for vaccine delivery. Because vaccine coverage rates remain below targets in many settings, vaccine manufacturers and purchasers have a shared interest in better understanding the relationship between vaccine presentation, population characteristics, and coverage rate. While there have been some efforts to describe this relationship, existing research and tools are limited in their ability to quantify coverage rate changes across a broad set of antigens, vaccine presentations, and geographies. In this article, we present a method for estimating the impact of improved vaccine technologies on vaccination coverage rates. It is designed for use with low- and middle-income country vaccination programs. This method uses publicly available data and simple calculations based on probability theory to generate coverage rate values. We first present the conceptual framework and mathematical approach. Using a Microsoft Excel-based implementation, we then apply the method to a vaccine technology in early-stage development: micro-array patch for a measles-rubella vaccine (MR-MAP). Example outputs indicate that a complete switch from the current subcutaneous presentation to MR-MAP in the 73 countries ever eligible for Gavi support would increase overall vaccination coverage by 3.0-4.9 percentage points depending on the final characteristics of the MR-MAP. This change equates to an additional 2.6-4.2 million children vaccinated per year. Our method can be readily extended to other antigens and vaccine technologies to provide quick, low-cost estimates of coverage impact. As vaccine manufacturers and purchasers face increasingly complex decisions, such estimates could facilitate objective comparisons between options and help these decision makers obtain the most value for money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davis
- William Davidson Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael Krautmann
- William Davidson Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Pascale R. Leroueil
- William Davidson Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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8
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Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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9
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Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 PMCID: PMC8647509 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C. Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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10
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Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:164-186. [PMID: 33539853 PMCID: PMC8060128 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to global health and the global economy. The ongoing race to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, highlights the importance of vaccination to combat infectious pathogens. The highly accessible cutaneous microenvironment is an ideal target for vaccination since the skin harbors a high density of antigen-presenting cells and immune accessory cells with broad innate immune functions. Microarray patches (MAPs) are an attractive intracutaneous biocargo delivery system that enables safe, reproducible, and controlled administration of vaccine components (antigens, with or without adjuvants) to defined skin microenvironments. This review describes the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and relevant antigenic targets for vaccination, summarizes key concepts of skin immunobiology in the context of prophylactic immunization, and presents an overview of MAP-mediated cutaneous vaccine delivery. Concluding remarks on MAP-based skin immunization are provided to contribute to the rational development of safe and effective MAP-delivered vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
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Kitiyodom S, Yata T, Yostawornkul J, Kaewmalun S, Nittayasut N, Suktham K, Surassmo S, Namdee K, Rodkhum C, Pirarat N. Enhanced efficacy of immersion vaccination in tilapia against columnaris disease by chitosan-coated "pathogen-like" mucoadhesive nanovaccines. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:213-219. [PMID: 31585248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) has become one of the most important fish in aquaculture. Bacterial infection caused by Flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease, has been now identified as one of the most serious infectious diseases in farmed red tilapia and cause major financial damage to the producers. Among the effective prevention and control strategies, vaccination is one of the most effective approach. As the surface of living fish is covered by mucus and directly associated with the mucosal immunity, we therefore hypothesized that better adsorption on mucosal surfaces and more efficient vaccine efficacy could be enhanced biomimetic nanoparticles mimicking the mucoadhesive characteristic of live F. columnare. In this work, we describe an effective approach to targeted antigen delivery by coating the surface of nanoparticles with mucoadhesive chitosan biopolymer to provide "pathogen-like" properties that ensure nanoparticles binding on fish mucosal membrane. The physiochemical properties of nanovaccines were analyzed, and their mucoadhesive characteristics and immune response against pathogens were also evaluated. The prepared vaccines were nano-sized and spherical as confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis of hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potential also suggested the successful modification of nanovaccines by chitosan as indicated by positively charged and the overall increased diameter of chitosan-modified nanovaccines. In vivo mucoadhesive study demonstrated the excellent affinity of the chitosan-modified nanovaccines toward fish gills as confirmed by bioluminescence imaging, fluorescent microscopy, and spectrophotometric quantitative measurement. Following vaccination with the prepared nanovaccines by immersion 30 min, the challenge test was then carried out 30 and 60 days post-vaccination and resulted in high mortalities in the control. The relative percent survival (RPS) of vaccinated fish was greater than 60% for mucoadhesive nanovaccine. Our results also suggested that whole-cell vaccines failed to protect fish from columnaris infection, which is consistent with the mucoadhesive assays showing that whole-cell bacteria were unable to bind to mucosal surfaces. In conclusion, we could use this system to deliver antigen preparation to the mucosal membrane of tilapia and obtained a significant increase in survival compared to controls, suggesting that targeting mucoadhesive nanovaccines to the mucosal surface could be exploited as an effective method for immersion vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikorn Kitiyodom
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jakarwan Yostawornkul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Somrudee Kaewmalun
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Naiyaphat Nittayasut
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kunat Suktham
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Suvimol Surassmo
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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New Rabies Vaccines for Use in Humans. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020054. [PMID: 31226750 PMCID: PMC6631309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vaccines are available, rabies still claims more than 55,000 human lives each year. In most cases, rabies vaccines are given to humans after their exposure to a rabid animal; pre-exposure vaccination is largely reserved for humans at high risk for contacts with the virus. Most cases of human rabies are transmitted by dogs. Dog rabies control by mass canine vaccination campaigns combined with intensive surveillance programs has led to a decline of human rabies in many countries but has been unsuccessful in others. Animal vaccination programs are also not suited to control human rabies caused by bat transmission, which is common in some Central American countries. Alternatively, or in addition, more widespread pre-exposure vaccination, especially in highly endemic remote areas, could be implemented. With the multiple dose regimens of current vaccines, pre-exposure vaccination is not cost effective for most countries and this warrants the development of new rabies vaccines, which are as safe as current vaccines, but achieve protective immunity after a single dose, and most importantly, are less costly. This chapter discusses novel rabies vaccines that are in late stage pre-clinical testing or have undergone clinical testing and their potential for replacing current vaccines.
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Wallis J, Shenton DP, Carlisle RC. Novel approaches for the design, delivery and administration of vaccine technologies. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:189-204. [PMID: 30963549 PMCID: PMC6468175 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is easy to argue that vaccine development represents humankind's most important and successful endeavour, such is the impact that vaccination has had on human morbidity and mortality over the last 200 years. During this time the original method of Jenner and Pasteur, i.e. that of injecting live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, has been developed and supplemented with a wide range of alternative approaches which are now in clinical use or under development. These next-generation technologies have been designed to produce a vaccine that has the effectiveness of the original live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, but without the associated risks and limitations. Indeed, the method of development has undoubtedly moved away from Pasteur's three Is paradigm (isolate, inactivate, inject) towards an approach of rational design, made possible by improved knowledge of the pathogen-host interaction and the mechanisms of the immune system. These novel vaccines have explored methods for targeted delivery of antigenic material, as well as for the control of release profiles, so that dosing regimens can be matched to the time-lines of immune system stimulation and the realities of health-care delivery in dispersed populations. The methods by which vaccines are administered are also the subject of intense research in the hope that needle and syringe dosing, with all its associated issues regarding risk of injury, cross-infection and patient compliance, can be replaced. This review provides a detailed overview of new vaccine vectors as well as information pertaining to the novel delivery platforms under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Wallis
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - D. P. Shenton
- Defence Science and Technology LaboratoryPorton DownUK
| | - R. C. Carlisle
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Bobbala S, Gibson B, Gamble AB, McDowell A, Hook S. Poloxamer 407-chitosan grafted thermoresponsive hydrogels achieve synchronous and sustained release of antigen and adjuvant from single-shot vaccines. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:656-665. [PMID: 29499080 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sustained-release vaccine delivery systems may enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines and reduce the need for multiple vaccinations. The aim of this study was to develop a thermoresponsive hydrogel using poloxamer 407-chitosan (CP) grafted copolymer as a delivery system for single-shot sustained-release vaccines. The CP copolymer was synthesized using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The CP copolymer was a free flowing solution at ambient temperature and transformed rapidly into a gel at body temperature. The hydrogels were loaded with vaccine antigen and adjuvants or the vaccine components were encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in order to ensure synchronous release. The CP hydrogels were stable for up to 18 days in vitro. Release of both nanoparticles and the individual components was complete, with release of the individual components being modulated by incorporation into nanoparticles. In vivo, a single dose of CP hydrogel vaccine induced strong, long lasting, cellular and humoral responses that could protect against the development of tumors in a murine melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Bobbala
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Blake Gibson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Wagner-Muñiz DA, Haughney SL, Kelly SM, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Room Temperature Stable PspA-Based Nanovaccine Induces Protective Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:325. [PMID: 29599766 PMCID: PMC5863507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative agent of pneumonia, a debilitating disease particularly in young and elderly populations, and is the leading worldwide cause of death in children under the age of five. While there are existing vaccines against S. pneumoniae, none are protective across all serotypes. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a key virulence factor of S. pneumoniae, is an antigen that may be incorporated into future vaccines to address the immunological challenges presented by the diversity of capsular antigens. PspA has been shown to be immunogenic and capable of initiating a humoral immune response that is reactive across approximately 94% of pneumococcal strains. Biodegradable polyanhydrides have been studied as a nanoparticle-based vaccine (i.e., nanovaccine) platform to stabilize labile proteins, to provide adjuvanticity, and enhance patient compliance by providing protective immunity in a single dose. In this study, we designed a room temperature stable PspA-based polyanhydride nanovaccine that eliminated the need for a free protein component (i.e., 100% encapsulated within the nanoparticles). Mice were immunized once with the lead nanovaccine and upon challenge, presented significantly higher survival rates than animals immunized with soluble protein alone, even with a 25-fold reduction in protein dose. This lead nanovaccine formulation performed similarly to protein adjuvanted with Alum, however, with much less tissue reactogenicity at the site of immunization. By eliminating the free PspA from the nanovaccine formulation, the lead nanovaccine was efficacious after being stored dry for 60 days at room temperature, breaking the need for maintaining the cold chain. Altogether, this study demonstrated that a single dose PspA-based nanovaccine against S. pneumoniae induced protective immunity and provided thermal stability when stored at room temperature for at least 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Wagner-Muñiz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shannon L. Haughney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sean M. Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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16
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Kapadia CH, Tian S, Perry JL, Sailer D, Christopher Luft J, DeSimone JM. Extending antigen release from particulate vaccines results in enhanced antitumor immune response. J Control Release 2017; 269:393-404. [PMID: 29146244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in an anti-tumor immune response. However, vaccination intended to elicit a potent CD8+ T cell responses employing tumor-associated peptide antigens, are typically ineffective due to poor immunogenicity. Previously, we engineered a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel-based subunit vaccine for the delivery of an antigenic peptide and CpG (adjuvant) to elicit potent CTLs. In this study, we further examined the effect of antigen release kinetics on their induced immune responses. A CD8+ T cell epitope peptide from OVA (CSIINFEKL) and CpG were co-conjugated to nanoparticles utilizing either a disulfide or a thioether linkage. Subsequent studies comparing peptide release rates as a function of linker, determined that the thioether linkage provided sustained release of peptide over 72h. Ability to control the release of peptide resulted in both higher and prolonged antigen presentation when compared to disulfide-linked peptide. Both NP vaccine formulations resulted in activation and maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and induced potent CD8+ T cell responses when compared to soluble antigen and soluble CpG. Immunization with either disulfide or thioether linked vaccine constructs effectively inhibited EG7-OVA tumor growth in mice, however only treatment with the thioether linked vaccine construct resulted in enhanced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan H Kapadia
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jillian L Perry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Sailer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Christopher Luft
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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18
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Farris E, Brown DM, Ramer-Tait AE, Pannier AK. Micro- and nanoparticulates for DNA vaccine delivery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:919-29. [PMID: 27048557 PMCID: PMC4950349 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216643771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional protein-based vaccines for the induction of protective immune responses. DNA vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccines, including increased stability, rapid and inexpensive production, and flexibility to produce vaccines for a wide variety of infectious diseases. However, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines delivered as naked plasmid DNA is often weak due to degradation of the DNA by nucleases and inefficient delivery to immune cells. Therefore, biomaterial-based delivery systems based on micro- and nanoparticles that encapsulate plasmid DNA represent the most promising strategy for DNA vaccine delivery. Microparticulate delivery systems allow for passive targeting to antigen presenting cells through size exclusion and can allow for sustained presentation of DNA to cells through degradation and release of encapsulated vaccines. In contrast, nanoparticle encapsulation leads to increased internalization, overall greater transfection efficiency, and the ability to increase uptake across mucosal surfaces. Moreover, selection of the appropriate biomaterial can lead to increased immune stimulation and activation through triggering innate immune response receptors and target DNA to professional antigen presenting cells. Finally, the selection of materials with the appropriate properties to achieve efficient delivery through administration routes conducive to high patient compliance and capable of generating systemic and local (i.e. mucosal) immunity can lead to more effective humoral and cellular protective immune responses. In this review, we discuss the development of novel biomaterial-based delivery systems to enhance the delivery of DNA vaccines through various routes of administration and their implications for generating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Nishii Y, Gandhi S, Nuxoll E. Glucose-powered pulsatile release. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Gandhi S, Nuxoll E. Non-delaminating pulsatile release composites. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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