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Zhang ZJ, Hu WJ, Yu AQ, Wu LH, Yang DQ, Kuang HX, Wang M. Review of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.: Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, health benefits, structural-activity relationships and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134919. [PMID: 39179070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (C. morifolium), as a traditional ornamental plant, it has multiple values, including edible, economic, nutritional and even medicinal values, which is used as herbal medicine and a new food resource in the world. Polysaccharides are one of the main bioactive components in C. morifolium, which have various health benefits such as improving functional constipation, improving colitis, anti-glycosylation, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulation, prebiotic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. This paper describes the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, health benefits, structural-activity relationships, applications, and analyses the shortcomings of the major relevant studies exist on C. morifolium polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of the health benefits of C. morifolium polysaccharides were summarized. This study can provide reference and direction for further research and development of C. morifolium polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - De-Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China.
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Zhang X, Ma Q, Jia L, He H, Zhang T, Jia W, Zhu L, Qi W, Wang N. Effects of in vitro fermentation of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. polysaccharide on fecal microbiota and metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126860. [PMID: 37716665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. polysaccharide (AKP) has been shown to have hypoglycemic activity. In this study, the effects of AKP on fecal microbiota and metabolites in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated using an in vitro simulated digestive fermentation model. AKP were isolated and purified from Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Its main component AKP1 (AKP-0 M, about 78 % of AKP) has an average molecular weight of 3.25 kDa with monosaccharide composition of rhamnose, arabinose, and galactosamine in a molar ratio of 1: 1.25: 2.88. Notably, AKP fermentation might improve the intestinal microbiota of T2DM patients by the enrichment of some specific bacteria rather than the increase of microbial diversity. The addition of AKP specifically enriched Bifidobacteriaceae and weakened the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella. Moreover, AKP also increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids without affecting total gut gas production, suggesting that AKP could have beneficial effects while avoiding flatulence. Metabolomic analysis revealed that ARP fermentation caused changes in some metabolites, which were mainly related to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Importantly, ARP fermentation significantly increased the level of myo-inositol, an insulin sensitizer. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between specific microbiota and differential metabolites. This study has laid a theoretical foundation for AKP application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lina Jia
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongpeng He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Institute of Food Science Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Santra HK, Banerjee D. Broad spectrum bioactivity of a novel β-glucan rich heteropolysaccharide, Pestalopine isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:284. [PMID: 37438600 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
A biologically potent exopolysaccharide (EPS), Pestalopine was produced by Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6, an endophytic fungal isolate of Chloranthus elatior Sw. Pestalopine is composed of glucose, arabinose, fucose, rhamnose, and galactose in a molar ratio of nearly 10:1:2:2:4 having an Mw ∼ 3.29 × 105 Da. Pestalopine exhibited a radical scavenging effect and significantly increased antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione oxidized glutathione) in peritoneal macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a maximum effect at 500 mg mL-1. Pestalopine is hepatoprotective in nature and improves the liver function profiles-total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, hepatic enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase of liver fibrosis induced (through thioacetamide) male Wistar rats in comparison to control. Pestalopine-fed rats are reported to have higher counts of beneficial Lactobacillus sp. Present findings suggest that Pestalopine, a novel compound may have promise as a non-toxic exogenous antioxidant with hepatoprotective and probiotic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran Kanti Santra
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Debdulal Banerjee
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
- Center for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Khatua S, Acharya K. Chemical Characterization and Biological Functions of Hot Alkali-Soluble Crude Polysaccharide from the Water-Insoluble Residue of Macrocybe lobayensis (Agaricomycetes) Fruit Bodies. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:13-23. [PMID: 37585313 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrocybe lobayensis owe popularity in several traditional cultures not only for delectable taste but also for its nutraceutical profile conveying great health benefits. Previous investigations have enumerated several bioactivities of the valuable mushroom such as antioxidant, anti-ageing, immune-modulation, and anti-tumor properties where polysaccharides played the key role. Macrofungi polymers are generally isolated by the conventional hot water process discarding the residue which still contains plenty of therapeutic components. The present study thus aimed to re-use such leftover of the edible macrofungus by immersing it in NaOH solution at high temperature supporting circular economy. Consequently a polysaccharide fraction, namely ML-HAP, was isolated that was found to be consisted of a homogenous heteropolysaccharide with molecular weight of ~ 128 kDa and β-glucan as the chief ingredient as evident by spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, high performance thin-layer chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that the macromolecules possess good radical scavenging, metal ion binding and reducing power. Nevertheless, strong immune-potentiation was also recorded as the extract triggered murine macrophage cell viability, pinocytosis, nitric oxide production and morpho-dynamics within 24 h where the best effect was executed at the level of 100 µg/mL. Altogether, the polysaccharides extracted from M. lobayensis exhibited a potent application prospect in functional food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and health care industries that could raise economic value of the underexplored mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar 741101, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
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Khatua S, Acharya K. Antioxidation and immune-stimulatory actions of cold alkali extracted polysaccharide fraction from Macrocybe lobayensis, a wild edible mushroom. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:247. [PMID: 36033910 PMCID: PMC9411380 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom β-glucans are presently gaining widespread attention, being one of the promising healthy compounds with excellent antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities. Conventionally, hot water extraction procedure is followed to isolate the polymers where the residue is discarded after filtration. However, the remnants still contain plenty of bioactive components that could provide a unique opportunity for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. In this backdrop, the present study was aimed to expand utilization of a popularly edible mushroom, Macrocybe lobayensis, by re-cycling left-over material that has passed through traditional aqueous process. For that, the residue was immersed in alkaline solution followed by ethanol precipitation and repeated washing resulting preparation of a water soluble and partially purified polysaccharidic fraction (ML-CAP). Chemical and molecular characterization by FT-IR, HPTLC, GC-MS, GPC and spectroscopy unveiled that ML-CAP was consisted of a homo-polymer with Mw of ~ 122 kDa. The backbone was mainly composed of β-glucan where galactose was identified as the second most abundant unit. Subsequently, the fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging, chelating ability and reducing power. Furthermore, strong immune enhancing property was also recorded as the polymer, particularly at the concentration of 100 µg/ml, triggered murine macrophage functionality in terms of cell proliferation, phagocytosis, pseudopods formation and nitric oxide production. The study thus advocates for potential application and further extraction of hot water extracted mushroom residue in drug development and nutraceutical industries, as the example of ML-CAP showed promising biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar, West Bengal 741101 India
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
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Guo Q, Liang S, Ge C, Xiao Z. Research progress on extraction technology and biological activity of polysaccharides from Edible Fungi: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2039182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuangmin Liang
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- Livestock Product Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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7
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Healthy function and high valued utilization of edible fungi. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Liu D, Tang W, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides from natural sources: Hydrolysis condition and detection method development. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Khatua S, Paloi S, Acharya K. An untold story of a novel mushroom from tribal cuisine: an ethno-medicinal, taxonomic and pharmacological approach. Food Funct 2021; 12:4679-4695. [PMID: 33928983 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
India showcases an array of fascinating and rare mushrooms that grow exclusively in the wilderness of West Bengal. Thus, the state has always been our prime choice to document myco-diversity and associated indigenous knowledge. Fortuitously, a recent expedition gifted us a violet-coloured Russuloid macrofungus, called "Jam Patra", that plays an integral part in the food security of local ethnic groups. However, the species has not received the much-needed attention among city dwellers and remains abandoned, motivating us to carry a thorough investigation. To our surprise, extensive analyses on morphological features and nrITS based phylogenetic estimation pointed the novelty of the taxon, as justified herein. Extending this research, a water-soluble polysaccharide-rich fraction was isolated to determine therapeutic prospects. Chemical characterization revealed that the backbone of the polymers, organized in triple-helical form, predominantly consisted of β-glucan accompanied by a lower extent of galactose, mannose and xylose. Subsequently, the effective antioxidant activity was noted in terms of radical scavenging, reducing power and chelating ability with EC50 of 305-2726 μg ml-1. Further, the macromolecules triggered murine macrophages to proliferate, phagocytose, release NO, produce intracellular ROS and change morphodynamics. A significant alleviation in the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α, Iκ-Bα, IFN-γ, IL-10 and iNOS was also observed explaining the definite immune-stimulatory activity and supporting traditional consumption of "Jam Patra" as a health-promoting food. Altogether, the study introduces a species in the world's myco-diversity and tribal food list opening doors of various opportunities in functional food and nature-based drug development arenas, which are currently in trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Li H, Tian Y, Menolli N, Ye L, Karunarathna SC, Perez-Moreno J, Rahman MM, Rashid MH, Phengsintham P, Rizal L, Kasuya T, Lim YW, Dutta AK, Khalid AN, Huyen LT, Balolong MP, Baruah G, Madawala S, Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Xu J, Sheng J, Boa E, Mortimer PE. Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence-based classification system. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1982-2014. [PMID: 33599116 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wild mushrooms are a vital source of income and nutrition for many poor communities and of value to recreational foragers. Literature relating to the edibility of mushroom species continues to expand, driven by an increasing demand for wild mushrooms, a wider interest in foraging, and the study of traditional foods. Although numerous case reports have been published on edible mushrooms, doubt and confusion persist regarding which species are safe and suitable to consume. Case reports often differ, and the evidence supporting the stated properties of mushrooms can be incomplete or ambiguous. The need for greater clarity on edible species is further underlined by increases in mushroom-related poisonings. We propose a system for categorizing mushroom species and assigning a final edibility status. Using this system, we reviewed 2,786 mushroom species from 99 countries, accessing 9,783 case reports, from over 1,100 sources. We identified 2,189 edible species, of which 2,006 can be consumed safely, and a further 183 species which required some form of pretreatment prior to safe consumption or were associated with allergic reactions by some. We identified 471 species of uncertain edibility because of missing or incomplete evidence of consumption, and 76 unconfirmed species because of unresolved, differing opinions on edibility and toxicity. This is the most comprehensive list of edible mushrooms available to date, demonstrating the huge number of mushrooms species consumed. Our review highlights the need for further information on uncertain and clash species, and the need to present evidence in a clear, unambiguous, and consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nelson Menolli
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM), Subárea de Biologia (SAB), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lei Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Samantha C Karunarathna
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Harunur Rashid
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Leela Rizal
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Taiga Kasuya
- Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arun Kumar Dutta
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Le Thanh Huyen
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Monitoring, Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Tu Liem North District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marilen Parungao Balolong
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Gautam Baruah
- Balipara Tract and Frontier Foundation, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sumedha Madawala
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paul M Kirk
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey, UK
| | - Jianchu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Eric Boa
- Institute of Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter E Mortimer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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11
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Khatua S, Chandra S, Acharya K. Hot alkali-extracted antioxidative crude polysaccharide from a novel mushroom enhances immune response via TLR-mediated NF-κB activation: A strategy for full utilization of a neglected tribal food. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13594. [PMID: 33346934 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides have been revered for decades as incredibly versatile compounds suitable for application in biomedical, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In that essence Russula alatoreticula, a traditionally appraised unique macrofungus, has earlier been explored to contain functional macromolecules elicited by hydrothermal and cold alkali systems. Remnants of that multistep extraction could further be utilized not only to isolate high-value components, but also to reduce waste material. With this in mind, we decided to recycle leftover residue of the tribal delicacy, rather than undervalue, by following heated NaOH reflux. Intriguingly, the effort resulted productive isolation of carbohydrate fraction (RualaHap) enriched in β-glucan that showed excellent antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging, chelating ability, and reducing power with EC50 of 207-5000 μg/ml. Besides strong immune boosting prowess was also witnessed as exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to the metabolites influenced macrophage viability and phagocytosis in a time-dependent manner. Induction of intracellular NO and ROS generation was also enumerated along with aggrandized production of pseudopods representing hallmark of monocyte stimulation. Moreover, the treatment drastically triggered level of TLR-2, TLR-4, NF-κB, Iκ-Bα, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 maintaining balance between M1 and M2 cytokines via TLR coordinated NF-κB pathway. Conclusively the research offers a roadmap for better utilization of a species boasted in traditional practice aiding future implementation of RualaHap as ingredients of nutraceuticals or functional foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: At present, macrofungal polysaccharides are regarded as an ideal resource for a range of safe uses encompassing direct contact or ingestion by human. In this context, RualaHap isolated from the wild edible mushroom, R. alatoreticula, could have a broad application prospect, particularly in development of natural therapeutics to ameliorate radical-induced ailment and immune-deficiency condition. The biopolymers could thus be utilized in functional diet or complementary medicine to improve health that in turn might raise local cost of the abandoned taxon boosting rural empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Swarnendu Chandra
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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12
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Motta F, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Mushrooms and immunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102576. [PMID: 33276307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the wide field of nutraceuticals, the effects of mushrooms on immunity, cancer and including autoimmunity have been proposed for centuries but in recent years a growing interest has led scientists to elucidate which specific compounds have bioactive properties and through which mechanisms. Glucans and specific proteins are responsible for most of the biological effects of mushrooms, particularly in terms of immunomodulatory and anti-tumor results. Proteins with bioactive effects include lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs), ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), ribonucleases, laccases, among others. At the present status of knowledge, numerous studies have been performed on cell lines and murine models while only a few clinical trials have been conducted. As in most cases of dietary components, the multitude of variables implicated in the final effect and an inadequate standardization are expected to affect the observed differences, thus making the available evidence insufficient to justify the treatment of human diseases with mushrooms extracts. We will herein provide a comprehensive review and critically discussion the biochemical changes induced by different mushroom compounds as observed in in vitro studies, particularly on macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells, compared to in vivo and human studies. Additional effects are represented by lipids which constitute a minor part of mushrooms but may have a role in reducing serum cholesterol levels or phenols acting as antioxidant and reducing agents. Human studies provide a minority of available data, as well illustrated by a placebo-controlled study of athletes treated with β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus. Variables influencing study outcomes include different mushrooms strains, growing conditions, developmental stage, part of mushroom used, extraction method, and storage conditions. We foresee that future rigorous research will be needed to determine the potential of mushroom compounds for human health to reproduce the effects of some compounds such as lentinan which a metaanalysis demonstrated to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer and in the improvement of the patients quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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Li R, Zhu C, Bian X, Jia X, Tang N, Cheng Y. An antioxidative galactomannan extracted from Chinese Sesbania cannabina enhances immune activation of macrophage cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:10635-10644. [PMID: 33211044 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant activities and immunostimulatory ability of a polysaccharide extracted from Chinese Sesbania cannabina, which was identified to be a galactomannan in our previous study, were investigated. The extracted polysaccharide exhibited strong DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and ferrous ion chelating activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The immune-enhancing effect of our polysaccharide on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was investigated by determining the cell viability, phagocytic activity, NO and intracellular ROS production and mRNA expression of cytokines. The results indicated that the polysaccharide could increase the production of NO and intracellular ROS, as well as effectively trigger transcriptional activation of TLR-2/4, NF-κB, IL-10/1β/6, IFN-γ, Ik-Bα, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α. These findings provide useful information for potential application of the polysaccharide extracted from Chinese Sesbania cannabina in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Feng Y, Zhang J, Wen C, Sedem Dzah C, Chidimma Juliet I, Duan Y, Zhang H. Recent advances in Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Isolation, physical, structural characterization and in vitro prebiotic activity of a galactomannan extracted from endosperm splits of Chinese Sesbania cannabina seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1217-1226. [PMID: 32574735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the physical and structural characterization of the water-soluble galactomannan extracted from endosperm splits of Chinese S. cannabina seeds. The Sesbania galactomannan (SP) was extracted and purified using a novel method with a high yield (40.3 ± 7.2%). The molecular structure of SP was determined by monosaccharide composition, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The structural data showed that SP was galactomannan which composed by a β-(1/4)-linked mannose backbone with galactopyranosyl residues attached through α-(1/6) linkages. The constant mannose/galactose (M/G) ratio and average molecular weight (Mw) of SP was 1.6:1 and 2.16 × 105 g/mol, respectively. The physical results revealed that SP had many branches on the backbone and existed as a random coil state in aqueous solution. SP was a good biopolymer which had smooth and clearer surface with homogeneous composition, and had some degree of crystallinity and prebiotic activity. As a consequence, SP could be a potential prebiotic and was expected to be suitable for applications in food, pharmaceutical, biomedical or cosmetic industries as a promising new biomaterial.
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Jana P, Acharya K. Mushroom: A New Resource for Anti-Angiogenic Therapeutics. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1721529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Jana
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
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Mingyi Y, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Li L, Luo Z. Trends of utilizing mushroom polysaccharides (MPs) as potent nutraceutical components in food and medicine: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Khatua S, Acharya K. Alkali treated antioxidative crude polysaccharide from Russula alatoreticula potentiates murine macrophages by tunning TLR/NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1713. [PMID: 30737411 PMCID: PMC6368593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous research, Russula alatoreticula was demonstrated as a novel species, ethnic myco-food and reservoir of hot water extractable polysaccharides. However, residue after the hydrothermal process still offer plenty of medicinal carbohydrates that could easily be extracted by using alkali solvent. Thus, the present work was attempted to prepare crude polysaccharide using remainder of the conventional method and subsequently a β-glucan enriched fraction, RualaCap, was isolated. The bio-polymers displayed pronounced therapeutic efficacy as evident by radical scavenging, chelating ability, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, strong immune-enhancing potential was also observed indicated by augmentation in macrophage viability, phagocytic uptake, nitric oxide (NO) production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. Alongside, the polysaccharides effectively triggered transcriptional activation of Toll like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Iκ-Bα, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 genes explaining mode of action. Taken together, our results signify possibility of RualaCap as a potent nutraceutical agent and enhance importance of R. alatoreticula especially in the field of innate immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Enzymatic Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Polysaccharides from Penthorum chinense Pursh: Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3486864. [PMID: 30598992 PMCID: PMC6288581 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3486864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) is a kind of functional food or medicine for liver protection. In the present work, Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to obtain maximum total sugar yield. The experimental yield of 6.91% indicated a close agreement with the predicted yield of 7.00% of the model under optimized conditions. The major polysaccharide fraction (PCPP-1a) from PCPP was purified and identified as acidic polysaccharides with a high content of uronic acid (FT-IR, UV, HPGPC). PCPP had similar monosaccharide profile with PCPP-1a but was rich in galacturonic acid (HPLC). Both of PCPP and PCPP-1a possessed strong hydroxyl radical scavenging, DPPH radical scavenging, and Fe2+ chelating activities. Moreover, they were revealed to show strong anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β release compared to LPS treatment in RAW264.7 cells. These data suggest that the polysaccharides from PCP could be potential natural products for treating ROS and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Khatua S, Acharya K. Water Soluble Antioxidative Crude Polysaccharide From Russula senecis Elicits TLR Modulated NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Pro-inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:985. [PMID: 30210347 PMCID: PMC6122129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Russula senecis has recently been reported as a new addition to macrofungal flora of West Bengal. Besides, it also emerged as a seasonal health promoting nutrient to local ethnic people and enlisted for the first time as tribal food in our previous publication. In this context, the present work was designed to establish such usefulness scientifically and to meet the aim, crude polysaccharide, Rusenan, was prepared using conventional heated water reflux. Initially, the polymers were characterized to determine chemical composition and for that spectrophotometry along with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. Analysis indicated that Rusenan was consisted mainly of carbohydrate conjugated with trace amount of protein. Furthermore, glucose was detected as the major monosaccharide (mainly in β-type glycosidic linkage) while other monomers were presented in the order of galactose > mannose > xylose > rhamnose. Conversely, antioxidant potential was determined following eight in vitro systems where the fraction evidenced strong superoxide, hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, high affinity to Fe2+ as well as instant ability to donate electron with EC50 values ranging from 80 to 3885 μg/ml concentration. In addition, effect on murine macrophages was also investigated where the polysaccharide treatment increased cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, filopodia or lamellipodia formation, nitric oxide (NO) production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. Thereafter, through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, significant increase in the expression of Toll like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was observed; as a result alleviated level of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IκB-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ were also noticed explaining definite immune-stimulatory activity of the fraction. Thus, overall finding suggests that R. senecis can be considered as a functional food and may be used in preparation of dietary supplement to enhance general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Li Q, Wang Q, Chen C, Jin X, Chen Z, Xiong C, Li P, Zhao J, Huang W. Characterization and comparative mitogenomic analysis of six newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes from ectomycorrhizal fungi (Russula) and phylogenetic analysis of the Agaricomycetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:792-802. [PMID: 30076929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of six Russula species were sequenced using next generation sequencing. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with lengths ranging from 40,961 bp to 69,423 bp. The length and number of protein coding genes (PCGs), GC content, AT skew, and GC skew varied among the six mitogenomes. The increased number and total size of introns likely contributed to the size expansion of mitogenomes in some Russula species. Gene synteny analysis revealed some gene rearrangements among the six mitochondrial genomes. The nad4L gene had the lowest K2P genetic distance of the 15 core PCGs among the six Russula species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved. The Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were all subject to purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on two gene datasets (15 core PCGs, and 15 core PCGs + rnl + rns) recovered identical and well-supported trees. In addition, cox1 was identified as a potential single-gene molecular marker for the phylogenetic analysis of relationships among Agaricomycetes species. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from the Russulaceae family and facilitates the investigation of population genetics and evolution of other ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiangfeng Wang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Wenli Huang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, PR China.
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Mushrooms: Isolation and Purification of Exopolysaccharides. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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