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Grundy AC, Papastravrou Brooks C, Johnston I, Cree L, Callaghan P, Price O. Evaluation of a novel co-designed and co-delivered training package to de-escalate violence and aggression in UK acute inpatient, PICU and forensic mental health settings. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38922757 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Clinical guidelines and staff training recommend using de-escalation over restrictive practices, such as restraint and seclusion Evidence suggests that restrictive practices continue to be used frequently despite training This suggests a lack of impact of existing staff de-escalation training. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The features of de-escalation training that are acceptable to staff and perceived to be impactful A co-designed and co-delivered training session on a trauma-informed approach to de-escalation on mental health wards was acceptable and perceived to be impactful Those attending training particularly valued how lived experience was incorporated into the training content and co-delivery The organizational and team context may need more consideration in adapting the training. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: De-escalation training that adopts a trauma-informed approach and considers the context of ward environments is acceptable to staff Co-delivery models of training to tackle restrictive practice can be acceptable and impactful Further research will show how clinically effective this training is in improving outcomes for service users in ward contexts. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests a discrepancy between recommended and routine practice in de-escalation in mental health settings, suggesting a lack of impact of existing training. AIM To investigate the acceptability and perceived impact of a co-designed/delivered training intervention on a trauma-informed approach to de-escalation on mental health wards. METHODS Trainees were invited to complete the Training Acceptability Rating Scale (TARS) post-training. Responses to the quantitative items were summarized using descriptive statistics, and open-text responses were coded using content analysis. RESULTS Of 214 trainees, 211 completed the TARS. The trainees rated the training favourably (median overall TARS = 55/63), as acceptable (median 33/36) and impactful (median 23/27). There were five qualitative themes: modules of interest; multiple perspectives; modes of delivery; moulding to context; and modifying other elements. DISCUSSION The EDITION training was found to be acceptable and impactful, with trainees particularly valuing the co-delivery model. Trainees suggested several ways in which the training could be improved, particularly around the need for further moulding of the intervention to the specific ward contexts/teams. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE We recommend co-designing and co-delivering staff training to mental health professionals that tackles restrictive practices. RELEVANCE STATEMENT This research is relevant to lived experience practitioners who want to be involved in training mental health professionals around restrictive practices, demonstrating the value and importance of their voice. It is relevant to current providers of de-escalation training, and to staff receiving training, outlining a novel, but acceptable and impactful, form of training on a key area of mental health practice. It is relevant to anyone with an interest in reducing restrictive practice via co-delivered training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Grundy
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Isobel Johnston
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lindsey Cree
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick Callaghan
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Owen Price
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Price O, Papastavrou Brooks C, Johnston I, McPherson P, Goodman H, Grundy A, Cree L, Motala Z, Robinson J, Doyle M, Stokes N, Armitage CJ, Barley E, Brooks H, Callaghan P, Carter LA, Davies LM, Drake RJ, Lovell K, Bee P. Development and evaluation of a de-escalation training intervention in adult acute and forensic units: the EDITION systematic review and feasibility trial. Health Technol Assess 2024; 28:1-120. [PMID: 38343036 PMCID: PMC11017147 DOI: 10.3310/fggw6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Containment (e.g. physical restraint and seclusion) is used frequently in mental health inpatient settings. Containment is associated with serious psychological and physical harms. De-escalation (psychosocial techniques to manage distress without containment) is recommended to manage aggression and other unsafe behaviours, for example self-harm. All National Health Service staff are trained in de-escalation but there is little to no evidence supporting training's effectiveness. Objectives Objectives were to: (1) qualitatively investigate de-escalation and identify barriers and facilitators to use across the range of adult acute and forensic mental health inpatient settings; (2) co-produce with relevant stakeholders an intervention to enhance de-escalation across these settings; (3) evaluate the intervention's preliminary effect on rates of conflict (e.g. violence, self-harm) and containment (e.g. seclusion and physical restraint) and understand barriers and facilitators to intervention effects. Design Intervention development informed by Experience-based Co-design and uncontrolled pre and post feasibility evaluation. Systematic reviews and qualitative interviews investigated contextual variation in use and effects of de-escalation. Synthesis of this evidence informed co-design of an intervention to enhance de-escalation. An uncontrolled feasibility trial of the intervention followed. Clinical outcome data were collected over 24 weeks including an 8-week pre-intervention phase, an 8-week embedding and an 8-week post-intervention phase. Setting Ten inpatient wards (including acute, psychiatric intensive care, low, medium and high secure forensic) in two United Kingdom mental health trusts. Participants In-patients, clinical staff, managers, carers/relatives and training staff in the target settings. Interventions Enhancing de-escalation techniques in adult acute and forensic units: Development and evaluation of an evidence-based training intervention (EDITION) interventions included de-escalation training, two novel models of reflective practice, post-incident debriefing and feedback on clinical practice, collaborative prescribing and ward rounds, practice changes around admission, shift handovers and the social and physical environment, and sensory modulation and support planning to reduce patient distress. Main outcome measures Outcomes measured related to feasibility (recruitment and retention, completion of outcome measures), training outcomes and clinical and safety outcomes. Conflict and containment rates were measured via the Patient-Staff Conflict Checklist. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Attitudes to Containment Measures Questionnaire, Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire, Violence Prevention Climate Scale, Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivation Scale, Coercion Experience Scale and Perceived Expressed Emotion in Staff Scale. Results Completion rates of the proposed primary outcome were very good at 68% overall (excluding remote data collection), which increased to 76% (excluding remote data collection) in the post-intervention period. Secondary outcomes had high completion rates for both staff and patient respondents. Regression analyses indicated that reductions in conflict and containment were both predicted by study phase (pre, embedding, post intervention). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events related to the intervention. Conclusions Intervention and data-collection procedures were feasible, and there was a signal of an effect on the proposed primary outcome. Limitations Uncontrolled design and self-selecting sample. Future work Definitive trial determining intervention effects. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN12826685 (closed to recruitment). Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: 16/101/02) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 28, No. 3. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information. Context Conflict (a term used to describe a range of potentially unsafe events including violence, self-harm, rule-breaking, medication refusal, illicit drug and alcohol use and absconding) in mental health settings causes serious physical and psychological harm. Containment interventions which are intended to minimise harm from violence (and other conflict behaviours) such as restraint, seclusion and rapid tranquilisation can result in serious injuries to patients and, occasionally, death. Involvement in physical restraint is the most common cause of serious physical injury to National Health Service mental health staff in the United Kingdom. Violence to staff results in substantial costs to the health service in sickness and litigation payments. Containment interventions are also expensive (e.g. physical restraint costs mental health services £6.1 million and enhanced observations £88 million per annum). Despite these harms, recent findings indicate containment interventions such as seclusion and physical restraint continue to be used frequently in mental health settings. Clinical trials have demonstrated that interventions can reduce containment without increasing violence and other conflict behaviours (e.g. verbal aggression, self-harm). Substantial cost-savings result from reducing containment use. De-escalation, as an intervention to manage aggression and potential violence without restrictive practices, is a core intervention. 'De-escalation' is a collective term for a range of psychosocial techniques designed to reduce distress and anger without the need to use 'containment' interventions (measures to prevent harm through restricting a person's ability to act independently, such as physical restraint and seclusion). Evidence indicates that de-escalation involves ensuring conditions for safe intervention and effective communication are established, clarifying and attempting to resolve the patient's concern, conveyance of respect and empathy and regulating unhelpful emotions such as anxiety and anger. Despite featuring prominently in clinical guidelines and training policy domestically and internationally and being a component of mandatory National Health Service training, there is no evidence-based model on which to base training. A systematic review of de-escalation training effectiveness and acceptability conducted in 2015 concluded: (1) no model of training has demonstrated effectiveness in a sufficiently rigorous evaluation, (2) the theoretical underpinning of evaluated models was often unclear and (3) there has been inadequate investigation of the characteristics of training likely to enhance acceptability and uptake. Despite all National Health Service staff being trained in de-escalation there have been no high-quality trials evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of training. Feasibility studies are needed to establish whether it is possible to conduct a definitive trial that can determine the clinical, safety and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Price
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Isobel Johnston
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter McPherson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Goodman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrew Grundy
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lindsey Cree
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Motala
- Atherleigh Park Hospital, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jade Robinson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Michael Doyle
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Nicholas Stokes
- West London Forensic Service, St Bernard's Hospital, West London Mental Health NHS Trust, Southall, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Helen Brooks
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick Callaghan
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | | | - Linda M Davies
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Penny Bee
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Wiesner Conti J, Paignon A, Kalumiya K. Optimiser le co-enseignement patient/professionnel de santé. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2024; 36:35-44. [PMID: 38834523 DOI: 10.3917/spub.242.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient engagement in the training of future health professionals is on the rise, given that the information patients transmit is immensely valuable to students. In addition, their involvement, alongside health professionals, in the formulation of academic materials should improve the quality of care in the long run. Little is written about good practice in involving patients in teaching, and even less about co-teaching, which is a demanding activity. We conducted a study with pairs of teachers who co-taught in health partnership workshops to develop best practice recommendations to optimize the roll-out of patient-healthcare professional co-teaching. PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This qualitative study aims to present these recommendations of good practices of co-teaching. RESULTS The data collected made it possible to develop, evaluate, and adjust six good practices to guide the pairs during the co-teaching process: knowledge of the subject taught, regular meetings, teaching framework and materials, role definition, symmetry and complementarity in the pair, and a debriefing session following each teaching session. CONCLUSION Patient involvement in co-teaching requires rigorous preparation. The application of good practice recommendations facilitates this preparation process.
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Yao H, Guan L, Zhou T, Zhang C, Pan Y, Han J, He R, Chang Z, Du C, Wu T, Sun J, Yuan Y, Maybery D, Ma H. Factors that influence family-focused practice in Chinese mental health workers: A cross-sectional survey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:1216-1230. [PMID: 37401449 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family-focused practice has become an emerging paradigm in mental health services. However, little is known about family-focused practice and associated factors in Chinese mental health workers. AIM To examine family-focused practice and associated factors in Chinese mental health workers. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a convenience sample of mental health workers (n = 515) in Beijing, China. The Family-Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire was used to measure family-focused practice, as well as worker, workplace and client factors that might influence family-focused practice. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors associated with family-focused practice. RESULTS On average, the participants exhibited a moderate level of engagement in family-focused practice. The factors that most significantly influenced family-focused practice in Chinese mental health workers were skill and knowledge, worker confidence and time and workload. Moreover, psychiatrists were found to engage more in family-focused practice than psychiatric nurses, and community mental health workers were more active in family-focused practice than hospital-based ones. DISCUSSION This study provided important data concerning family-focused practice and associated factors in Chinese mental health workers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The varying level of Chinese mental health workers to engage in family-focused practice has advocacy, training, research and organizational implications for mental health services in China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- Fangshan District Mental Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Fangshan District Mental Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Beijing Xicheng District Ping'an Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui He
- Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjiao Chang
- Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Wu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Darryl Maybery
- Monash University Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Merner B, Schonfeld L, Virgona A, Lowe D, Walsh L, Wardrope C, Graham-Wisener L, Xafis V, Colombo C, Refahi N, Bryden P, Chmielewski R, Martin F, Messino NM, Mussared A, Smith L, Biggar S, Gill M, Menzies D, Gaulden CM, Earnshaw L, Arnott L, Poole N, Ryan RE, Hill S. Consumers' and health providers' views and perceptions of partnering to improve health services design, delivery and evaluation: a co-produced qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 3:CD013274. [PMID: 36917094 PMCID: PMC10065807 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013274.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partnering with consumers in the planning, delivery and evaluation of health services is an essential component of person-centred care. There are many ways to partner with consumers to improve health services, including formal group partnerships (such as committees, boards or steering groups). However, consumers' and health providers' views and experiences of formal group partnerships remain unclear. In this qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), we focus specifically on formal group partnerships where health providers and consumers share decision-making about planning, delivering and/or evaluating health services. Formal group partnerships were selected because they are widely used throughout the world to improve person-centred care. For the purposes of this QES, the term 'consumer' refers to a person who is a patient, carer or community member who brings their perspective to health service partnerships. 'Health provider' refers to a person with a health policy, management, administrative or clinical role who participates in formal partnerships in an advisory or representative capacity. This QES was co-produced with a Stakeholder Panel of consumers and health providers. The QES was undertaken concurrently with a Cochrane intervention review entitled Effects of consumers and health providers working in partnership on health services planning, delivery and evaluation. OBJECTIVES 1. To synthesise the views and experiences of consumers and health providers of formal partnership approaches that aimed to improve planning, delivery or evaluation of health services. 2. To identify best practice principles for formal partnership approaches in health services by understanding consumers' and health providers' views and experiences. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL for studies published between January 2000 and October 2018. We also searched grey literature sources including websites of relevant research and policy organisations involved in promoting person-centred care. SELECTION CRITERIA We included qualitative studies that explored consumers' and health providers' perceptions and experiences of partnering in formal group formats to improve the planning, delivery or evaluation of health services. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Following completion of abstract and full-text screening, we used purposive sampling to select a sample of eligible studies that covered a range of pre-defined criteria, including rich data, range of countries and country income level, settings, participants, and types of partnership activities. A Framework Synthesis approach was used to synthesise the findings of the sample. We appraised the quality of each study using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skill Program) tool. We assessed our confidence in the findings using the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach. The Stakeholder Panel was involved in each stage of the review from development of the protocol to development of the best practice principles. MAIN RESULTS We found 182 studies that were eligible for inclusion. From this group, we selected 33 studies to include in the final synthesis. These studies came from a wide range of countries including 28 from high-income countries and five from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). Each of the studies included the experiences and views of consumers and/or health providers of partnering in formal group formats. The results were divided into the following categories. Contextual factors influencing partnerships: government policy, policy implementation processes and funding, as well as the organisational context of the health service, could facilitate or impede partnering (moderate level of confidence). Consumer recruitment: consumer recruitment occurred in different ways and consumers managed the recruitment process in a minority of studies only (high level of confidence). Recruiting a range of consumers who were reflective of the clinic's demographic population was considered desirable, particularly by health providers (high level of confidence). Some health providers perceived that individual consumers' experiences were not generalisable to the broader population whereas consumers perceived it could be problematic to aim to represent a broad range of community views (high level of confidence). Partnership dynamics and processes: positive interpersonal dynamics between health providers and consumers facilitated partnerships (high level of confidence). However, formal meeting formats and lack of clarity about the consumer role could constrain consumers' involvement (high level of confidence). Health providers' professional status, technical knowledge and use of jargon were intimidating for some consumers (high level of confidence) and consumers could feel their experiential knowledge was not valued (moderate level of confidence). Consumers could also become frustrated when health providers dominated the meeting agenda (moderate level of confidence) and when they experienced token involvement, such as a lack of decision-making power (high level of confidence) Perceived impacts on partnership participants: partnering could affect health provider and consumer participants in both positive and negative ways (high level of confidence). Perceived impacts on health service planning, delivery and evaluation: partnering was perceived to improve the person-centredness of health service culture (high level of confidence), improve the built environment of the health service (high level of confidence), improve health service design and delivery e.g. facilitate 'out of hours' services or treatment closer to home (high level of confidence), enhance community ownership of health services, particularly in LMICs (moderate level of confidence), and improve consumer involvement in strategic decision-making, under certain conditions (moderate level of confidence). There was limited evidence suggesting partnering may improve health service evaluation (very low level of confidence). Best practice principles for formal partnering to promote person-centred care were developed from these findings. The principles were developed collaboratively with the Stakeholder Panel and included leadership and health service culture; diversity; equity; mutual respect; shared vision and regular communication; shared agendas and decision-making; influence and sustainability. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Successful formal group partnerships with consumers require health providers to continually reflect and address power imbalances that may constrain consumers' participation. Such imbalances may be particularly acute in recruitment procedures, meeting structure and content and decision-making processes. Formal group partnerships were perceived to improve the physical environment of health services, the person-centredness of health service culture and health service design and delivery. Implementing the best practice principles may help to address power imbalances, strengthen formal partnering, improve the experiences of consumers and health providers and positively affect partnership outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen Merner
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lina Schonfeld
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ariane Virgona
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Dianne Lowe
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Child and Family Evidence, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louisa Walsh
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Cheryl Wardrope
- Clinical Governance, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Eight Mile Plains, Australia
| | | | - Vicki Xafis
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Laboratory for medical research and consumer involvement, Department of Public Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Nora Refahi
- Consumer Representative, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Bryden
- Consumer Representative, Caboolture, Australia
| | - Renee Chmielewski
- Planning and Patient Experience, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Lorraine Smith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Susan Biggar
- Consumer Representative, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Gill
- Gill and Wilcox Consultancy, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Menzies
- Chronic Disease Programs, South Eastern Melbourne Primary Health Network, Heatherton, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Gaulden
- Detroit Wayne County Authority Health Residency Program, Michigan State University, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Naomi Poole
- Strategy and Innovation, Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Ryan
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sophie Hill
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Quinlivan L, Gorman L, Marks S, Monaghan E, Asmal S, Webb RT, Kapur N. Liaison psychiatry practitioners' views on accessing aftercare and psychological therapies for patients who present to hospital following self-harm: multi-site interview study. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e34. [PMID: 36803955 PMCID: PMC9970172 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely provision of aftercare following self-harm may reduce risks of repetition and premature death, but existing services are frequently reported as being inadequate. AIMS To explore barriers and facilitators to accessing aftercare and psychological therapies for patients presenting to hospital following self-harm, from the perspective of liaison psychiatry practitioners. METHOD Between March 2019 and December 2020, we interviewed 51 staff members across 32 liaison psychiatry services in England. We used thematic analyses to interpret the interview data. RESULTS Barriers to accessing services may heighten risk of further self-harm for patients and burnout for staff. Barriers included: perceived risk, exclusionary thresholds, long waiting times, siloed working and bureaucracy. Strategies to increase access to aftercare included: (a) improving assessments and care plans via input from skilled staff working in multidisciplinary teams (e.g. including social workers and clinical psychologists); (b) supporting staff to focus on assessments as therapeutic intervention; (c) probing boundaries and involving senior staff to negotiate risk and advocate for patients; and (d) building relationships and integration across services. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight practitioners' views on barriers to accessing aftercare and strategies to circumvent some of these impediments. Provision of aftercare and psychological therapies as part of the liaison psychiatry service were deemed as an essential mechanism for optimising patient safety and experience and staff well-being. To close treatment gaps and reduce inequalities, it is important to work closely with staff and patients, learn from experiences of good practice and implement change more widely across services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Quinlivan
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Gorman
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Marks
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sadika Asmal
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Roger T Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK; and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Examining family and community nurses' core competencies in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings: An integrative literature review. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 67:103561. [PMID: 36738528 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify gaps in existing family and community nurse (FCN) continuing education programs and to investigate whether FCN core competencies are covered in continuing education programs offered in primary health care settings. BACKGROUND In global pandemics such as COVID-19, there is an urgent need for staff development using transformative learning and help registered nurses build up their competencies and form a new professional identity as family and community nurses (FCNs). Therefore, FCN education programs become of high importance to enhance nurses' core competencies through continuing education. METHODS An integrative review of the literature was conducted applying the Whittemore and Knafl methodological strategy for studies published between 2015- June 2021. RESULTS FCN core competencies, including the "decision-making process, navigation as care coordinator and patient advocate and promoting individual and family health to support the quality of nursing care," were poorly covered in the FCN programs. Specifically, e-health played a very limited role in FCN continuing education, while ethics, managing change, managing disparity and diversity and leadership skills, did not emerge at all. CONCLUSION The identified gaps can be incorporated into future FCN continuing education programs and may help improve nurses' competence and health care delivery and support new integrated models of care, namely, person-centered and community-based models.
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Abayneh S, Lempp H, Rai S, Girma E, Getachew M, Alem A, Kohrt BA, Hanlon C. Empowerment training to support service user involvement in mental health system strengthening in rural Ethiopia: a mixed-methods pilot study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:880. [PMID: 35799252 PMCID: PMC9264546 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased service user involvement is recommended to improve weak mental health systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, involvement is rarely implemented and interventions to support involvement are sparse. In this study we evaluated the acceptability, feasibility and perceived outcomes of an empowerment and training program for service users and health professionals to facilitate service user involvement in mental health system strengthening in rural Ethiopia. METHODS REducing Stigma among HealthcAreProvidErs (RESHAPE) is a training curriculum for service users, their caregivers and aspirational health workers, which uses PhotoVoice methodology, to prepare them in participation of mental health systems strengthening in LMICs. We delivered the RESHAPE training augmented with empowerment content developed in Ethiopia. The interactive face-to-face training was delivered to service users and caregivers (over 10 days), and health professionals (1 day) separately. The study was an uncontrolled, convergent mixed-methods design. The quantitative data consisted of process data, satisfaction questionnaire, and a retrospective pre-test survey. Qualitative data included exit and follow-up in-depth interviews with the service users. Descriptive statistics were performed for quantitative data, and qualitative data were thematically analysed. The findings were integrated through triangulation for convergent themes following analysis. RESULTS Twelve service users, 12 caregivers and 18 health professionals were enrolled, and completed the training. Participants valued the content and delivery process; the standard of the training program met their expectations and participation led to positive gains in understanding about mental illness, stigma, service-user involvement and human rights. The qualitative findings identified positive impacts, including increased self-confidence, sense of empowerment, social - and perceived therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSIONS We found that the RESHAPE training with added content for Ethiopia, delivered using the PhotoVoice methodology, is feasible, acceptable and of value to develop and implement training programmes which can empower service users to be involved in mental health system strengthening in this setting. Further study to assess the impact on health systems strengthening is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Abayneh
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Madda Walabu University College of Education and Behavoural Studies, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Heidi Lempp
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre 10, Cutcombe Rd., London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Sauharda Rai
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Eshetu Girma
- Depatment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Medhanit Getachew
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atalay Alem
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Brandon A. Kohrt
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
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O'Connor S, Zhang M, Trout KK, Snibsoer AK. Co-production in nursing and midwifery education: A systematic review of the literature. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 102:104900. [PMID: 33905899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Co-producing aspects of nursing and midwifery education is increasingly being used in higher education to try to improve student learning and meet standards set by some professional accreditation bodies. This review aims to identify and synthesise evidence on this pedagogical approach. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted in CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PubMed. REVIEW METHODS Four bibliographical databases were searched using relevant search terms between 2009 and 2019. Titles, abstracts, and full text papers were screened. Pertinent data were extracted and critical appraisal undertaken. Data were analysed using the framework approach and findings presented in a narrative summary. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included. Two overarching themes emerged. The first focused on the impact of co-production on nursing and midwifery students, service users, and carers which had five subthemes; 1) acquiring new knowledge and skills, 2) gaining confidence and awareness, 3) building better relationships, 4) feeling vulnerable, and 5) attaining a sense of pride or enjoyment. The second theme centred on factors affecting how co-production was delivered which had three subthemes; 1) human interactional approach, 2) pedagogic quality, and 3) organisational environment. CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive update of the literature on co-production in nursing and midwifery education. Tentative evidence exists that participatory approaches could improve learning and positively impact on nursing and midwifery students, service users, and carers. Educators should consider adopting co-production and including students, service users, carers, practice staff, and other relevant stakeholders in this pedagogical process. However, more rigorous research examining how effective co-production is in improving learning over traditional methods is warranted given the additional resources required to deliver it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O'Connor
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Anne Kristin Snibsoer
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Lantta T, Anttila M, Varpula J, Välimäki M. Facilitators for improvement of psychiatric services and barriers in implementing changes: From the perspective of Finnish patients and family members. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:506-523. [PMID: 33216435 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The need for psychiatric patients and their family members to have access to quality user-friendly services has been studied for decades, yet few improvements have been made in treatment services. This study aims to explain how patients and family members have experienced facilitators of improvements, and their thoughts about barriers in the implementation of changes. An explanatory qualitative design was adopted. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with eight focus groups made up of a total of 35 participants from mental health associations in Finland. The Theoretical Domains Framework guided the deductive data analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) was followed in the study. Participants in patient and family member associations had similar experiences and thoughts about facilitators of improvements in psychiatric services and barriers in the implementation of changes. For example, both participant groups experienced that promoting more positive roles of professionals could facilitate improvements in psychiatric care. On the other hand, a lack of theoretical competence and interpersonal skills of professionals could hinder change. We conclude that many of the facilitators that patients and families suggested could be addressed by enhancing collaboration and communication, having a more person-centred approach, focusing on recovery throughout the course of care, and acknowledging staff's well-being at work. Second, the barriers to implementing changes centre around the limited knowledge and skills of staff, and a paternalistic system that focuses on managing risk and administering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tella Lantta
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Anttila
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Varpula
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Marsilio M, Fusco F, Gheduzzi E, Guglielmetti C. Co-Production Performance Evaluation in Healthcare. A Systematic Review of Methods, Tools and Metrics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3336. [PMID: 33804862 PMCID: PMC8037812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Co-produced practices and publications in the healthcare sector are gaining momentum, since they can be a useful tool in addressing the sustainability and resilience challenges of health systems. However, the investigation of positive and, mainly, negative outcomes is still confused and fragmented, and above all, a comprehensive knowledge of the metrics used to assess these outcomes is lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to systematically review the extant literature to map the methods, tools and metrics used to empirically evaluate co-production in health services. The search took place in six databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Psych INFO, PubMed, Cochrane and CINAHL. A total of 2311 articles were screened and 203 articles were included in the analysis, according to PRISMA guidelines. Findings show that outcomes are mainly investigated through qualitative methods and from the lay actor or provider perspective. Moreover, the detailed categorisation of the quantitative measures found offers a multidimensional performance measurement system and highlights the impact areas where research is needed to develop and test new measures. Findings should also promote improvements in empirical data collection on the multiple faceted co-produced activities and spur the consciousness of the adoption of sustainable co-productive initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marsilio
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Conservatorio, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Floriana Fusco
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Conservatorio, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Gheduzzi
- School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Guglielmetti
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Conservatorio, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (C.G.)
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12
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Fletcher J, Reece J, Kinner SA, Brophy L, Hamilton B. Safewards Training in Victoria, Australia: A Descriptive Analysis of Two Training Methods and Subsequent Implementation. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:32-42. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20201013-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Gunnarsson AB, Brunt D, Tjörnstrand C, Argentzell E, Bejerholm U, Eklund M. Navigating in a Misty Landscape - Perceptions of Supporting a Relative Residing in Supported Housing for People with a Psychiatric Disability. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:1038-1046. [PMID: 32605419 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1756012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to explore informal carers' perceptions of supporting the everyday life of a relative who has a psychiatric disability and resides in supported housing (SH). A qualitative study based on interviews with 12 informal carers was performed, and the data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The theme "Navigating in a misty landscape when striving to support a relative with a psychiatric disability" was identified, encompassing four categories pertaining to residents' needs, collaboration, environmental issues and the carer's situation. SH services can be enhanced by addressing informal carers' experiences and developing greater collaboration involving informal carers, residents and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birgitta Gunnarsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö Sweden
| | - David Brunt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Mona Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Miah J, Dawes P, Leroi I, Starling B, Lovell K, Price O, Grundy A, Parsons S. Evaluation of a research awareness training programme to support research involvement of older people with dementia and their care partners. Health Expect 2020; 23:1177-1190. [PMID: 32810357 PMCID: PMC7696121 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Best-practice guidelines recommend that appropriate support be provided to public contributors to facilitate their involvement in research. One form of support is research awareness training. Older people with dementia and care partners were involved in four Research User Groups (RUGs) in the UK, France, Cyprus and Greece. We delivered research awareness training (RAT) to the RUGs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and perceived outcomes of the training from the perspective of RUG members. METHODS At the end of each research training session, participants completed the Training Acceptability Rating Scale-section 2, which records the respondent's impressions of the training process and the outcomes of training. Participants were also invited to take part in semi-structured interviews at the end of the programme. RESULTS Thirty-four RUG members completed the TARS-section 2 with 23 completing semi-structured interviews. Over two-thirds (67%) of participants rated their overall satisfaction with the RAT 'a great deal'. Qualitative responses indicated that participants found group work to be beneficial for learning, the structure of training activities and topics covered appropriate. The type and format of the training materials were viewed as helpful, and they valued the new knowledge gained. CONCLUSIONS The training contents were applicable, useful and relevant to the participants' role within the research. We highlight the importance of facilitating participation by (a) fostering awareness of relevant research issues and (b) tailoring delivery of training according to the needs of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanara Miah
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Public Programmes Team, Research and Innovation DivisionManchester University NHS Foundation Trust and the University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Piers Dawes
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness (ManCAD)Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of LinguisticsMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Global Brain Health InstituteSchool of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Bella Starling
- Public Programmes Team, Research and Innovation DivisionManchester University NHS Foundation Trust and the University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social WorkManchesterUK
| | - Owen Price
- Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social WorkManchesterUK
| | - Andrew Grundy
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Suzanne Parsons
- Public Programmes Team, Research and Innovation DivisionManchester University NHS Foundation Trust and the University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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15
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Fusco F, Marsilio M, Guglielmetti C. Co-production in health policy and management: a comprehensive bibliometric review. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:504. [PMID: 32503522 PMCID: PMC7275357 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to an increasingly elderly population, a higher incidence of chronic diseases and higher expectations regarding public service provision, healthcare services are under increasing strain to cut costs while maintaining quality. The importance of promoting systems of co-produced health between stakeholders has gained considerable traction both in the literature and in public sector policy debates. This study provides a comprehensive map of the extant literature and identifies the main themes and future research needs. Methods A quantitative bibliometric analysis was carried out consisting of a performance analysis, science mapping, and a scientific collaboration analysis. Web of Science (WoS) was chosen to extract the dataset; the search was refined by language, i.e. English, and type of publication, i.e. journal academic articles and reviews. No time limitation was selected. Results The dataset is made up of 295 papers ranging from 1994 to May 2019. The analysis highlighted an annual percentage growth rate in the topic of co-production of about 25%. The articles retrieved are split between 1225 authors and 148 sources. This fragmentation was confirmed by the collaboration analysis, which revealed very few long-lasting collaborations. The scientific production is geographically polarised within the EU and Anglo-Saxon countries, with the United Kingdom playing a central role. The intellectual structure consists of three main areas: public administration and management, service management and knowledge translation literature. The co-word analysis confirms the relatively low scientific maturity of co-production applied to health services. It shows few well-developed and central terms, which refer to traditional areas of co-production (e.g. public health, social care), and some emerging themes related to social and health phenomena (e.g. the elderly and chronic diseases), the use of technologies, and the recent patient-centred approach to care (patient involvement/engagement). Conclusions The field is still far from being mature. Empirical practices, especially regarding co-delivery and co-management as well as the evaluation of their real impacts on providers and on patients are lacking and should be more widely investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Fusco
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Conservatorio, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Marsilio
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Conservatorio, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Guglielmetti
- Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Conservatorio, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Pithara C, Farr M, Sullivan SA, Edwards HB, Hall W, Gadd C, Walker J, Hebden N, Horwood J. Implementing a Digital Tool to Support Shared Care Planning in Community-Based Mental Health Services: Qualitative Evaluation. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e14868. [PMID: 32191210 PMCID: PMC7118546 DOI: 10.2196/14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health services aim to provide recovery-focused care and facilitate coproduced care planning. In practice, mental health providers can find supporting individualized coproduced care with service users difficult while balancing administrative and performance demands. To help meet this aim and using principles of coproduction, an innovative mobile digital care pathway tool (CPT) was developed to be used on a tablet computer and piloted in the West of England. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine mental health care providers' views of and experiences with the CPT during the pilot implementation phase and identify factors influencing its implementation. METHODS A total of 20 in-depth telephone interviews were conducted with providers participating in the pilot and managers in the host organization. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and thematically analyzed guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. RESULTS The tool was thought to facilitate coproduced recovery-focused care planning, a policy and organizational as well as professional priority. Internet connectivity issues, system interoperability, and access to service users' health records affected use of the tool during mobile working. The organization's resources, such as information technology (IT) infrastructure and staff time and IT culture, influenced implementation. Participants' levels of use of the tool were dependent on knowledge of the tool and self-efficacy; perceived service-user needs and characteristics; and perceptions of impact on the therapeutic relationship. Training and preparation time influenced participants' confidence in using the tool. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of congruence between staff, organization, and external policy priorities and digital technologies in aiding intervention engagement, and the need for ongoing training and support of those intended to use the technology during and after the end of implementation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christalla Pithara
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Farr
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Sullivan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah B Edwards
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William Hall
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julian Walker
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Hebden
- Otsuka Health Solutions, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Oliveira LCD, Menezes HFD, Oliveira RLD, Lima DMD, Fernandes SF, Silva RARD. Mobile care service for psychiatric urgencies and emergencies: perception of nursing workers. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73:e20180214. [PMID: 32049242 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand how the nursing staff perceives the care provided to people in situations of psychiatric urgencies and emergencies in the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU - Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência). METHOD Descriptive and qualitative study conducted in the Northeast region of Brazil with 34 of the SAMU nursing workers. Data were obtained by semi-structured interviews and processed by the Thematic Analysis. RESULTS The analysis of interviews allowed the identification of three categories: mechanical practice, need for qualification and (de)humanization of care. The results showed that the care offered to users in psychiatric urgency or emergency situations is based on mechanistic and specific actions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Nursing workers perceive that the care for people in situations of psychiatric urgency and emergency in SAMU is mainly based on physical and chemical containment measures, performing a little resolute and dehumanized care and raising the need for professional qualification.
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Frawley T, Carroll L, Casey M, Davies C, Durning J, Halligan P, Joye R, Redmond C, Fealy G. Evaluation of a national training programme to support engagement in mental health services: Learning enablers and learning gains. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2019; 26:323-336. [PMID: 31188513 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is recognized as an increasingly important feature of healthcare research, education and public policy. In mental health, PPI is increasingly seen as evidence of the further democratization of services, which started with de-institutionalization in the 1960s and the recovery movement in the 1990s. While much is known about learning enablers and learning gains on generic community-based training programmes, less is known about PPI-specific programmes in mental health. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Participants at a national training programme to support the engagement of service users, their families and carers in mental health services identified training topics of greatest importance to them and reported on what they learnt and what helped their learning. Patient and public involvement training initiatives aimed at supporting the engagement of service users, their families and carers should emphasize individual needs and local contexts. Training programmes should not make artificial or actual distinctions between the programme participants who are health professionals and those who are non-professionals, such as service users. To our knowledge, this PPI initiative is the first time a national health service provider has sought to develop an engagement structure in mental health on a state-wide basis. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Participants in training programmes designed to support patient and public involvement believe that such programmes should include understanding how conflict is resolved, how committees work effectively and how to develop interpersonal and facilitation skills. Training programmes in mental health involving both professional and non-professional participants requires all the participants to work together in particular at commissioning and design stages to achieve their desired outcome. The evaluation of the training programme to support the roll-out of this initiative offers lessons to others who may wish to pursue similar structures in other jurisdictions. Abstract Introduction The Irish national mental health service provider commissioned a national training programme to support a patient and public involvement (PPI) initiative in mental health services. The programme evaluation afforded an opportunity to describe the learning gains and learning enablers and the factors that support PPI in mental health. Aim We aimed to evaluate a PPI training programme across nine regional administrative units in a national mental health service. Methods We conducted a participant exit survey, using the Student Assessment of Learning Gains (SALG) instrument. We analysed the survey responses using SPSS version 24 software and applied directed content analysis to the narrative comments provided in open-ended questions. Results A total of 54 participants returned the completed questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 60%. The overall mean SALG score yielded was 3.97 (SD 0.66; range 1-5), indicating that participants reported very good to excellent gains in their learning from the programme. Participants who offered narrative comments indicated an overall positive experience but suggested that all stakeholders should work together to co-produce the training. Discussion All the stakeholders in a PPI training initiative to support the engagement of service users, their families and carers in mental health should work together to achieve their desired outcome. This requires co-production in the design, delivery and evaluation of the training initiative, and co-production can impact at both individual and local levels. Implications for Practice PPI training initiatives in mental health should retain a focus on understanding conflict resolution, committee effectiveness, interpersonal and facilitation skills. Ensuring a shared understanding of key concepts, such as co-production, is a necessary prerequisite at the co-commissioning, co-design, co-planning, co-delivery and co-assessment stages of programme development, as is the need to avoid artificial or actual distinctions between health professionals and those who are non-professionals, such as service users. Relevance statement Mental health engagement and PPI are key principles underpinning modern mental health services and may increasingly impact on wider health service provision including policy and research imperatives. This paper discusses the evaluation of a PPI training programme and offers practical insights as to how such initiatives can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Frawley
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Carroll
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary Casey
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carmel Davies
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Durning
- Department of Nursing and Health Studies, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Phil Halligan
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Regina Joye
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Catherine Redmond
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gerard Fealy
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Lovell K, Bee P, Bower P, Brooks H, Cahoon P, Callaghan P, Carter LA, Cree L, Davies L, Drake R, Fraser C, Gibbons C, Grundy A, Hinsliff-Smith K, Meade O, Roberts C, Rogers A, Rushton K, Sanders C, Shields G, Walker L. Training to enhance user and carer involvement in mental health-care planning: the EQUIP research programme including a cluster RCT. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar07090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background
Service users and carers using mental health services want more involvement in their care and the aim of this research programme was to enhance service user and carer involvement in care planning in mental health services.
Objectives
Co-develop and co-deliver a training intervention for health professionals in community mental health teams, which aimed to enhance service user and carer involvement in care planning. Develop a patient-reported outcome measure of service user involvement in care planning, design an audit tool and assess individual preferences for key aspects of care planning involvement. Evaluate the clinical effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of the training. Understand the barriers to and facilitators of implementing service user- and carer-involved care planning. Disseminate resources to stakeholders.
Methods
A systematic review, focus groups and interviews with service users/carers/health professionals informed the training and determined the priorities underpinning involvement in care planning. Data from focus groups and interviews were combined and analysed using framework analysis. The results of the systematic review, focus groups/interviews and a review of the training interventions were synthesised to develop the final training intervention. To develop and validate the patient-reported outcome measure, items were generated from focus groups and interviews, and a psychometric analysis was conducted. Patient-reported outcome measure items and a three-round consensus exercise were used to develop an audit tool, and a stated preference survey was undertaken to assess individual preferences for key aspects of care planning. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the training were evaluated using a pragmatic cluster trial with cohort and cross-sectional samples. A nested longitudinal qualitative process evaluation using multiple methods, including semistructured interviews with key informants involved locally and nationally in mental health policy, practice and research, was undertaken. A mapping exercise was used to determine current practice, and semistructured interviews were undertaken with service users and mental health professionals from both the usual-care and the intervention arms of the trial at three time points (i.e. baseline and 6 months and 12 months post intervention).
Results
The results from focus groups (n = 56) and interviews (n = 74) highlighted a need to deliver training to increase the quality of care planning and a training intervention was developed. We recruited 402 participants to develop the final 14-item patient-reported outcome measure and a six-item audit tool. We recruited 232 participants for the stated preference survey and found that preferences were strongest for the attribute ‘my preferences for care are included in the care plan’. The training was delivered to 304 care co-ordinators working in community mental health teams across 10 NHS trusts. The cluster trial and cross-sectional survey recruited 1286 service users and 90 carers, and the primary outcome was the Health Care Climate Questionnaire. Training was positively evaluated. The results showed no statistically significant difference on the primary outcome (the Health Care Climate Questionnaire) (adjusted mean difference –0.064, 95% confidence interval –0.343 to 0.215; p = 0.654) or secondary outcomes at the 6-month follow-up. Overall, the training intervention was associated with a net saving of –£54.00 (95% confidence interval –£193.00 to £84.00), with a net quality-adjusted life-year loss of –0.014 (95% confidence interval –0.034 to 0.005). The longitudinal process evaluation recruited 54 service users, professionals and carers, finding a failure of training to become embedded in routine care.
Limitations
Our pragmatic study was designed to improve service user and care involvement in care planning among routine community mental health services. We intervened in 18 sites with > 300 care co-ordinators. However, our volunteer sites may not be fully representative of the wider population, and we lacked data with which to compare our participants with the eligible population.
Conclusions
We co-developed and co-delivered a training intervention and developed a unidimensional measure of service user and carer involvement in care planning and an audit tool. Despite a high level of satisfaction with the training, no significant effect was found; therefore, the intervention was ineffective. There was a failure of training to become embedded and normalised because of a lack of organisational readiness to accept change. Working with NHS trusts in our ‘Willing Adopters’ programme with enhanced organisational buy-in yielded some promising results.
Future work
Research should focus on developing and evaluating new organisational initiatives in addition to training health-care professionals to address contextual barriers to service and carer involvement in care planning, and explore co-designing and delivering new ways of enhancing service users’ and carers’ capabilities to engage in care planning.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16488358.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 7, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Penny Bee
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Bower
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Brooks
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick Cahoon
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Lesley-Anne Carter
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lindsey Cree
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda Davies
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Fraser
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Gibbons
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Grundy
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Oonagh Meade
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris Roberts
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Rogers
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kelly Rushton
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Sanders
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gemma Shields
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Walker
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Clibbens N, Berzins K, Baker J. Caregivers' experiences of service transitions in adult mental health: An integrative qualitative synthesis. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:e535-e548. [PMID: 31206928 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 5% of the UK population live with serious mental health problems. Data show that informal caregivers of people with mental illness provide care for the highest number of hours compared to other illness and the economic cost of this care is highest in the UK when compared internationally. People living with serious mental health problems make transitions between different intensities of service as their needs fluctuate, including referral, admission, transfer or discharge. Although caregiving is associated with both stress and positive reward, service transitions are particularly associated with increased stress. This review aimed to investigate what is known about the experiences of informal caregivers during mental health service transitions. An integrative qualitative synthesis was conducted following searches in six bibliographic databases and of the grey literature. Studies published in English between 2001 and 2017 were included if the study focus was on serious mental health problems, the experiences of caregivers and service transitions. Eleven studies were included, appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and synthesised, resulting in four themes: (a) Caregiver information, (b) Caregiver involvement in decisions about care and treatment, (c) Accessing services, (d) Being a caregiver. Caregivers' experiences were similar during transitions to their usual caregiving role but they faced more challenges and their experiences were amplified. Concerns about confidentiality created barriers to information sharing. Continuity of professionals across transitions was helpful. Caregivers struggled to deal with their own conflicting emotions and with the behaviours of the person yet rarely received help. The review findings point to a need for continuity of professionals across service transitions, co-designed and delivered training for professionals and caregivers about information sharing, greater understanding of barriers to implementation of family interventions and interventions that address emotional needs of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Baker
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Evaluation of a co-facilitated information and learning programme for service users: the EOLAS programme. Ir J Psychol Med 2019; 37:89-98. [DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background:The co-production and co-facilitation of recovery-focused education programmes is one way in which service users may be meaningfully involved as partners.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of a clinician and peer co-facilitated information programme on service users’ knowledge, confidence, recovery attitudes, advocacy and hope, and to explore their experience of the programme.Methods:A sequential design was used involving a pre–post survey to assess changes in knowledge, confidence, advocacy, recovery attitudes and hope following programme participation. In addition, semi-structured interviews with programme participants were completed. Fifty-three participants completed both pre- and post-surveys and twelve individuals consented to interviews.Results:The results demonstrated statistically significant changes in service users’ knowledge about mental health issues, confidence and advocacy. These improvements were reflected in the themes which emerged from the interviews with participants (n = 12), who reported enhanced knowledge and awareness of distress and wellness, and a greater sense of hope. In addition, the peer influence helped to normalise experiences for participants, while the dual facilitation engendered equality of participation and increased the opportunity for meaningful collaboration between service users and practitioners.Conclusions:The evaluation highlights the potential strengths of a service user and clinician co-facilitated education programme that acknowledges and respects the difference between the knowledge gained through self-experience and the knowledge gained through formal learning.
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Brooks H, Lovell K, Bee P, Fraser C, Molloy C, Rogers A. Implementing an intervention designed to enhance service user involvement in mental health care planning: a qualitative process evaluation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:221-233. [PMID: 30267112 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shared decision-making (SDM) and the wider elements of intersecting professional and lay practices are seen as necessary components in the implementation of mental health interventions. A randomised controlled trial of a user- and carer-informed training package in the United Kingdom to enhance SDM in care planning in secondary mental health care settings showed no effect on patient-level outcomes. This paper reports on the parallel process evaluation to establish the influences on implementation at service user, carer, mental health professional and organisational levels. METHODS A longitudinal, qualitative process evaluation incorporating 134 semi-structured interviews with 54 mental health service users, carers and professionals was conducted. Interviews were undertaken at baseline and repeated at 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Interviews were digitally audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS The process evaluation demonstrated that despite buy-in from those delivering care planning in mental health services, there was a failure of training to become embedded and normalised in local provision. This was due to a lack of organisational readiness to accept change combined with an underestimation and lack of investment in the amount and range of relational work required to successfully enact the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Future aspirations of SDM enactment need to place the circumstances and everyday practices of stakeholders at the centre of implementation. Such studies should consider the historical and current context of health care relationships and include elements which seek to address these directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Brooks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Karina Lovell
- Mental Health Research Group, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Penny Bee
- Mental Health Research Group, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Fraser
- Mental Health Research Group, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine Molloy
- Mental Health Research Group, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Rogers
- NIHR CLAHRC Wessex, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Beckers T, Koekkoek B, Tiemens B, Jaeqx-van Tienen L, Hutschemaekers G. Substituting specialist care for patients with severe mental illness with primary healthcare. Experiences in a mixed methods study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2019; 26:1-10. [PMID: 30270481 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Care planning and coordination are currently insufficiently based on scientific insights due to a lack of knowledge on this topic. Most patients with severe mental illness receive long-term treatment from specialized mental health services. This long-term, highly intensive treatment is not always the best option for two reasons. Firstly, because as long as a patient receives intensive treatment aimed at safety, it is hard for that patient to take full responsibility for their own life. Secondly, because care is not available unlimitedly, some patients are waiting to receive specialist mental healthcare while others who do not need it anymore still receive it. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Most stable patients with severe mental illness can be treated outside of specialized mental health services. Some patients are too dependent on a specific mental healthcare professional to be referred to primary healthcare. In such instances, a referral will most likely lead to destabilization and the referral will therefore be unsuccessful. Patients preferred primary healthcare to specialized mental health services, mainly because of the absence of stigma associated with the latter. There should be more attention for personal recovery (especially the social support system) of patients with severe mental illness who are referred to primary healthcare services. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Most stable patients with severe mental illness can be treated in primary healthcare. Professionals in primary healthcare should keep personal recovery in mind when treating patients, focusing on problem solving skills and also making use of social support systems. ABSTRACT: Aim/question Care planning and coordination are currently insufficiently based on scientific insights due to a lack of knowledge on this topic. In the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, most patients with severe mental illness receive long-term specialized mental healthcare, even when they are stable. This study aims to explore the outcome of these stable patients when they are referred to primary healthcare. Methods Patients (N = 32) receiving specialized mental healthcare that were referred to primary healthcare were interviewed in focus groups, as were the involved professionals (N = 6). Results 84% of the participants still received primary healthcare after 12 months. Despite the successful referral, the patient's personal recovery did not always profit. The participants of the focus groups agreed that some patients were too dependent on a specific mental healthcare professional to be referred to primary healthcare. Discussion Most stable patients with severe mental illness can be referred to primary healthcare. Personal recovery and dependency on a specific healthcare provider should be considered when referring a patient to primary healthcare. Implications for practice Professionals in community mental healthcare teams should consider a referral to primary mental healthcare in stable patients. Professionals in primary healthcare should keep the patient's personal recovery in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Beckers
- Research Group Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen University of Applied Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,METggz, Roermond, The Netherlands.,Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Koekkoek
- Research Group Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen University of Applied Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Pro Persona, Research Institute, Wolfheze, The Netherlands
| | - Bea Tiemens
- Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Pro Persona, Research Institute, Wolfheze, The Netherlands.,Indigo, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giel Hutschemaekers
- Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Pro Persona, Research Institute, Wolfheze, The Netherlands.,Indigo, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Miah J, Dawes P, Leroi I, Parsons S, Starling B. A protocol to evaluate the impact of involvement of older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment in a multi-site European research study. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2018; 4:44. [PMID: 30498579 PMCID: PMC6251148 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-018-0128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY Involving older people with dementia in research is increasingly recognised as important to ensure that research is relevant and beneficial for older people with dementia. But researchers need to know how best to involve older people with dementia and to be able to show the benefits of involving older people with dementia in dementia research.This paper describes a research plan to explore the involvement of older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment in a European research project investigating the combined impact of dementia with hearing and/or vision impairment. We set up four Research User Groups (RUGs) of older people with dementia with age-related hearing and/or vision impairment and their carers based in the UK, France, Cyprus and Greece to advise our researchers. We provided training to group members to support their input to the research.We will use a questionnaire and interview people in our RUGs to understand what they thought of the training and their experiences of being part of the RUG. We will also interview researchers to understand if they thought the advice from the groups was useful.This study will help us to understand how to effectively involve older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment in research and what the benefits of involving older people with dementia in research are. ABSTRACT Background Research to prevent and treat dementia is an international priority. Involvement of older people with dementia in the research is important to ensure the relevance and utility of the research outcomes in clinical practice to them. Efforts to involve such people in research are growing due to increased recognition of the usefulness of incorporating the views of older people with dementia into the research process. Research User Groups (RUGs) of older people with dementia and carers for people with dementia were set up in UK (Manchester), France (Nice), Cyprus (Nicosia) and Greece (Athens) to advise on the research. We report a protocol for a study which aims to evaluate i) the perceptions of RUG members of the usefulness of Research Awareness Training that was provided to support their involvement in the research and ii) perceived impacts of the involvement of older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment on research from the point of view of RUG members and researchers. Methods Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to evaluate the acceptability, appropriateness and satisfaction with Research Awareness Training and the perceived impact of involvement of RUGs on research. Focus groups interviews with RUG members and one to one interviews with both RUG members (n = 24) and researchers (n = 6) will be conducted to understand the perceived impacts of patient and public involvement on research from the point of view of older people with dementia, carers and researchers. Any comparative differences in cultural, attitudinal and environmental differences between RUGs in outcomes of training and impact across the four European sites will be reported. Discussion This study is unique in its exploration of the impact of the involvement of older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment in a large multi-site European dementia research study. This work will be crucial in informing understanding of how to effectively involve older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment and carers in dementia research to ensure research addresses the needs and priorities of older people with dementia and age-related hearing and/or vision impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanara Miah
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Public Programmes Team, Research and Innovation Division, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester, 29 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9WU UK
| | - Piers Dawes
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness (ManCAD), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Suzanne Parsons
- Public Programmes Team, Research and Innovation Division, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester, 29 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9WU UK
| | - Bella Starling
- Public Programmes Team, Research and Innovation Division, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester, 29 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9WU UK
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De Vecchi N, Kenny A, Dickson-Swift V, Kidd S. Continuing professional development in mental health: Promoting dialogue and reflection through art. Nurse Educ Pract 2018; 32:34-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lovell K, Bee P, Brooks H, Cahoon P, Callaghan P, Carter LA, Cree L, Davies L, Drake R, Fraser C, Gibbons C, Grundy A, Hinsliff-Smith K, Meade O, Roberts C, Rogers A, Rushton K, Sanders C, Shields G, Walker L, Bower P. Embedding shared decision-making in the care of patients with severe and enduring mental health problems: The EQUIP pragmatic cluster randomised trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201533. [PMID: 30133461 PMCID: PMC6104914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe mental illness is a major driver of worldwide disease burden. Shared decision-making is critical for high quality care, and can enhance patient satisfaction and outcomes. However, it has not been translated into routine practice. This reflects a lack of evidence on the best way to implement shared decision-making, and the challenges of implementation in routine settings with limited resources. Our aim was to test whether we could deliver a practical and feasible intervention in routine community mental health services to embed shared decision-making for patients with severe mental illness, by improving patient and carer involvement in care planning. Methods We cluster randomised community mental health teams to the training intervention or usual care, to avoid contamination. Training was co-delivered to a total of 350 staff in 18 teams by clinical academics, working alongside patients and carers. The primary outcome was the Health Care Climate Questionnaire, a self-report measure of ‘autonomy support’. Primary and secondary outcomes were collected by self-report, six months after allocation. Findings In total, 604 patients and 90 carers were recruited to main trial cohort. Retention at six months was 82% (n = 497). In the main analysis, results showed no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome between the intervention and usual care at 6 months (adjusted mean difference -0.064, 95% CI -0.343 to 0.215, p = 0.654). We found significant effects on only 1 secondary outcome. Conclusions An intervention to embed shared decision-making in routine practice by improving involvement in care planning was well attended and acceptable to staff, but had no significant effects on patient outcomes. Enhancing shared decision-making may require considerably greater investment of resources and effects may only be apparent over the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Bee
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brooks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Cahoon
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Callaghan
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley-Anne Carter
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Cree
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Davies
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Fraser
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Gibbons
- Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Grundy
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oonagh Meade
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chris Roberts
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Rogers
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Rushton
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sanders
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Shields
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Walker
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bower
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kelly M. The implementation of the Care Programme Approach for service users with a learning disability. Building Bridges to the same Old Horizons? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017; 24:396-402. [PMID: 28493301 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: People with mental health problems and learning disabilities often do not receive the care they require. The Care Programme Approach (CPA) is meant to help with this. However, there have been many problems in the past with the introduction of the CPA into mental health services. There is no literature which explores what factors help or hinder the introduction of the CPA for service users with a mental health and learning disability, especially from the perspective of those responsible for overseeing this process. WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The implementation of the CPA for this service user group is fragmented, and services are not working together in partnership. The CPA is being effectively implemented for people who are deemed to present with a risk to themselves or others. If a service user does not present with a high risk, they are not provided care through the CPA. Service users were not involved in the development or introduction of the policy in practice. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Services need to work better at engaging service users when they are developing and introducing new policies. Rather than applying the CPA for all service users, across all services, it should only be considered for those deemed to present with a high risk. It is effectively implemented for these people. For those not deemed to present with a high risk, services should consider using alternative service user led care planning frameworks. ABSTRACT Introduction The Care Programme Approach was introduced in England to ensure services met the needs of people with mental health problems and a concurrent learning disability (dual diagnosis). The CPA implementation was patchy and services failed to work in partnership. Aim This study aimed to explore the factors shaping the recent implementation of the CPA for service users with a dual diagnosis. Method A single case study approach was undertaken. Data were collected through interview (n = 26), documentary analysis (n = 64), steering group observation (n = 3) and the Partnership Assessment Tool (n = 26). Data were analysed using the Framework Approach. Results The CPA was only effectively implemented for people who were deemed to present with a high level of risk. Discussion The problems associated with implementation in the 1990s continue more recently for those with a dual diagnosis. The CPA has become more aligned with risk management protocols than supporting individual service user's recovery. Implications for practice Service users should be involved in the implementation of policies which have an impact on their recovery. The CPA should only be applied for those who present with high-risk issues, whilst alternative user-led initiatives should be considered for other service users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelly
- Department of Mental Health, Social Work and Integrative Medicine, School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, UK
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