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Jeong JK, Kim TH, Choi H, Cho ES. Impaired breakdown of Herwig's epithelial root sheath disturbs tooth root development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:423-434. [PMID: 37850829 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a variety of roles in both the dental epithelium and mesenchyme at most stages of tooth development. In this study, we verified the roles of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) breakdown in tooth root development. This breakdown results in formation of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM). RESULTS Following induction of β-catenin stabilization in the epithelium of developing tooth at the moment of HERS breakdown, HERS failed to break down for ERM formation. HERS with stabilized β-catenin was altered into a multicellular layer enveloping elongated root dentin with higher expression of junctional proteins such as Zo-1 and E-cadherin. Importantly, this impairment of HERS breakdown led to arrest of further root elongation. In addition, the portion of root dentin enveloped by the undissociated HERS remained in a hypomineralized state. The odontoblasts showed ectopically higher expression of pyrophosphate regulators including Ank and Npp1, whereas Tnap expression was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is decreased in HERS for ERM formation during root development. Furthermore, ERM formation is important for further elongation and dentin mineralization of the tooth roots. These findings may provide new insight to understand the contribution of ERM to root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tak-Heun Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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Sun K, Yu M, Wang J, Zhao H, Liu H, Feng H, Liu Y, Han D. A Wnt10a-Notch signaling axis controls Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cell behaviors during root furcation patterning. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:25. [PMID: 38480698 PMCID: PMC10937922 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Human with bi-allelic WNT10A mutations and epithelial Wnt10a knockout mice present enlarged pulp chamber and apical displacement of the root furcation of multi-rooted teeth, known as taurodontism; thus, indicating the critical role of Wnt10a in tooth root morphogenesis. However, the endogenous mechanism by which epithelial Wnt10a regulates Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cellular behaviors and contributes to root furcation patterning remains unclear. In this study, we found that HERS in the presumptive root furcating region failed to elongate at an appropriate horizontal level in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice from post-natal day 0.5 (PN0.5) to PN4.5. EdU assays and immunofluorescent staining of cyclin D1 revealed significantly decreased proliferation activity of inner enamel epithelial (IEE) cells of HERS in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice at PN2.5 and PN3.5. Immunofluorescent staining of E-Cadherin and acetyl-α-Tubulin demonstrated that the IEE cells of HERS tended to divide perpendicularly to the horizontal plane, which impaired the horizontal extension of HERS in the presumptive root furcating region of K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice. RNA-seq and immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of Jag1 and Notch2 were downregulated in IEE cells of HERS in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl mice. Furthermore, after activation of Notch signaling in K14-Cre;Wnt10afl/fl molars by Notch2 adenovirus and kidney capsule grafts, the root furcation defect was partially rescued. Taken together, our study demonstrates that an epithelial Wnt10a-Notch signaling axis is crucial for modulating HERS cell proper proliferation and horizontal-oriented division during tooth root furcation morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
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3
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Zhou T, Chen G, Xu Y, Zhang S, Tang H, Qiu T, Guo W. CDC42-mediated Wnt signaling facilitates odontogenic differentiation of DPCs during tooth root elongation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:255. [PMID: 37726858 PMCID: PMC10510226 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC42 is a member of Rho GTPase family, acting as a molecular switch to regulate cytoskeleton organization and junction maturation of epithelium in organ development. Tooth root pattern is a highly complicated and dynamic process that dependens on interaction of epithelium and mesenchyme. However, there is a lack of understanding of the role of CDC42 during tooth root elongation. METHODS The dynamic expression of CDC42 was traced during tooth development through immunofluorescence staining. Then we constructed a model of lentivirus or inhibitor mediated Cdc42 knockdown in Herwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells and dental papilla cells (DPCs), respectively. Long-term influence of CDC42 abnormality was assessed via renal capsule transplantation and in situ injection of alveolar socket. RESULTS CDC42 displayed a dynamic spatiotemporal pattern, with abundant expression in HERS cells and apical DPCs in developing root. Lentivirus-mediated Cdc42 knockdown in HERS cells didn't disrupt cell junctions as well as epithelium-mesenchyme transition. However, inhibition of CDC42 in DPCs undermined cell proliferation, migration and odontogenic differentiation. Wnt/β-catenin signaling as the downstream target of CDC42 modulated DPCs' odontogenic differentiation. The transplantation and in situ injection experiments verified that loss of CDC42 impeded root extension via inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of DPCs. CONCLUSIONS We innovatively revealed that CDC42 was responsible for guiding root elongation in a mesenchyme-specific manner. Furthermore, CDC42-mediated canonical Wnt signaling regulated odontogenic differentiation of DPCs during root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Miyakawa Y, Chiba-Ohkuma R, Karakida T, Yamamoto R, Kobayashi S, Yamakoshi Y, Asada Y. Response of TGF-β isoforms in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of enamel epithelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105540. [PMID: 36087522 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During enamel formation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms exhibit different activities for gene expression, apoptosis, and endocytosis. This study aimed to investigate the differential response of TGF-β isoforms to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in enamel epithelial cells. DESIGN Using a mouse enamel epithelial cell line (mHAT9d) cultured in the presence of each TGF-β isoform, (1) the morphological changes in EMT were explored, (2) EMT-related genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), (3) TGF-β pathway for EMT was identified by inhibition experiments, and (4) the expression of the TGF-β receptor gene in response to the binding affinity of the TGF-β isoform were analyzed. RESULTS EMT was observed in mHAT9d cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 and β3 but not TGF-β2. The expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal marker genes was observed in mHAT9d exhibiting EMT. NGS analysis suggested extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Rho pathways as TGF-β signaling pathways associated with EMT. However, EMT in mHAT9d cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 or β3 occurred even in presence of an ERK1/2 inhibitor and was suppressed by Rho-kinase inhibitor. The expression of co-receptors for TGF-β signaling in mHAT9d cells reduced following stimulation with each TGF-β isoform. In contrast, endoglin levels increased following TGF-β1 or β3 stimulation, but no change was noted in response to TGF-β2. CONCLUSIONS We propose that in TGF-β-stimulated enamel epithelial cells, EMT mainly occurred via the Rho signaling pathway, and the differences in response across TGF-β isoforms were due to their endoglin-mediated binding affinity for the TGF-β receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miyakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Chiba-Ohkuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeo Karakida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Saeko Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Asada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
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Kataoka K, Fujita H, Isa M, Gotoh S, Arasaki A, Ishida H, Kimura R. The human EDAR 370V/A polymorphism affects tooth root morphology potentially through the modification of a reaction-diffusion system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5143. [PMID: 33664401 PMCID: PMC7933414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological variations in human teeth have long been recognized and, in particular, the spatial and temporal distribution of two patterns of dental features in Asia, i.e., Sinodonty and Sundadonty, have contributed to our understanding of the human migration history. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such dental variations have not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have clarified that a nonsynonymous variant in the ectodysplasin A receptor gene (EDAR 370V/A; rs3827760) contributes to crown traits related to Sinodonty. In this study, we examined the association between the EDAR polymorphism and tooth root traits by using computed tomography images and identified that the effects of the EDAR variant on the number and shape of roots differed depending on the tooth type. In addition, to better understand tooth root morphogenesis, a computational analysis for patterns of tooth roots was performed, assuming a reaction-diffusion system. The computational study suggested that the complicated effects of the EDAR polymorphism could be explained when it is considered that EDAR modifies the syntheses of multiple related molecules working in the reaction-diffusion dynamics. In this study, we shed light on the molecular mechanisms of tooth root morphogenesis, which are less understood in comparison to those of tooth crown morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kataoka
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujita
- Astrobiology Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate School for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Isa
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Arasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishida
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Yang S, Choi H, Kim TH, Jeong JK, Liu Y, Harada H, Cho ES. Cell dynamics in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath are regulated by β-catenin activity during tooth root development. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5387-5398. [PMID: 33377198 PMCID: PMC8048837 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin, a key mediator of Wnt signaling, plays multiple roles in tooth development. However, the role of β‐catenin in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) during root formation remains unclear. In this study, we generated inducible tissue‐specific β‐catenin conditional knockout mice (Ctnnb1i∆shh) to investigate how β‐catenin in HERS affects tooth root development. The inactivation of β‐catenin in HERS led to interrupted root elongation due to premature disruption of HERS. This phenotype was accompanied by reduced cell‐cell adhesion and decreased expression of junctional proteins, as well as increased epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of HERS cells upon β‐catenin depletion. Accordingly, stabilization of β‐catenin in HERS (Catnbi∆shh) led to the formation of unfragmented HERS and resulted in the failure of HERS dissociation, with increased expression of junctional proteins. Our results suggest that fine control of β‐catenin is important for HERS to guide root formation through regulating its structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak-Heun Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Winiarska H, Kulczyk T, Cofta S. Dental Anomalies in Rare, Genetic Ciliopathic Disorder-A Case Report and Review of Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124337. [PMID: 32560490 PMCID: PMC7345725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, ciliopathic disorder. In many ciliopathies, dental anomalies are observed alongside other symptoms of the disease. To date, there are no published reports concerning the dental developmental problems that are associated with ciliary defects in PCD patients. Methods: Patients suffering from PCD underwent dental clinical examination, which included the assessment of developmental disorders regarding the number and morphological structure of the teeth (size and shape) as well as developmental disorders of mineralised dental tissues. Then, three-dimensional radiographic examination was performed utilising Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Results: Four PCD patients, aged 31-54, agreed to enter the study. Dental examinations showed the presence of dental developmental disorders in three of them. Additionally, CBCT showed abnormalities in those patients. Conclusions: 1. The dental phenotype in PCD patients seems to be heterogeneous. Tooth developmental disorders resulting from abnormal odontogenesis may be a symptom of PCD that is concomitant with other developmental abnormalities resulting from malfunctioning primary cilia. 2. Patients with ciliopathies are likely to develop dental developmental defects. Therefore, beginning in early childhood, they should be included in a targeted specialised dental programme to enable early diagnosis and to ensure dedicated preventive and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Winiarska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (H.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Tomasz Kulczyk
- Section of Dental Radiology, Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Szczepan Cofta
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (H.W.); (S.C.)
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8
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Harmine promotes molar root development via SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:924-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Mammalian teeth have diverse pattern of the crown and root. The patterning mechanism of the root position and number is relatively unknown compared to that of the crown. The root number does not always match to the cusp number, which has prevented the complete understanding of root patterning. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism of root pattern formation, we examined (1) the pattern of cervical tongues, which are tongue-like epithelial processes extending from cervical loops, (2) factors influencing the cervical tongue pattern and (3) the relationship among patterns of cusp, cervical tongue and root in multi-rooted teeth. We found a simple mechanism of cervical tongue formation in which the lateral growth of dental mesenchyme in the cuspal region pushes the cervical loop outward, and the cervical tongue appears in the intercuspal region subsequently. In contrast, when lateral growth was physically inhibited, cervical tongue formation was suppressed. Furthermore, by building simple formulas to predict the maximum number of cervical tongues and roots based on the cusp pattern, we demonstrated a positive relationship among cusp, cervical tongue and root numbers. These results suggest that the cusp pattern and the lateral growth of cusps are important in the regulation of the root pattern.
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10
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Brusevold IJ, Bie TMG, Baumgartner CS, Das R, Espelid I. Molar incisor malformation in six cases: description and diagnostic protocol. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Tansriratanawong K, Ishikawa H, Toyomura J, Sato S. Establishment and characterization of novel epithelial-like cell lines derived from human periodontal ligament tissue in vitro. Hum Cell 2017; 30:237-248. [PMID: 28434170 PMCID: PMC5646140 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel human-derived epithelial-like cells (hEPLCs) lines were established from periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues, which were composed of a variety of cell types and exhibited complex cellular activities. To elucidate the putative features distinguishing these from epithelial rest of Malassez (ERM), we characterized hEPLCs based on cell lineage markers and tight junction protein expression. The aim of this study was, therefore, to establish and characterize hEPLCs lines from PDL tissues. The hEPLCs were isolated from PDL of third molar teeth. Cellular morphology and cell organelles were observed thoroughly. The characteristics of epithelial–endothelial-mesenchymal-like cells were compared in several markers by gene expression and immunofluorescence, to ERM and human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The resistance between cellular junctions was assessed by transepithelial electron resistance, and inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA after infecting hEPLCs with periodontopathic bacteria. The hEPLCs developed into small epithelial-like cells in pavement appearance similar to ERM. However, gene expression patterns and immunofluorescence results were different from ERM and HUVECs, especially in tight junction markers (Claudin, ZO-1, and Occludins), and endothelial markers (vWF, CD34). The transepithelial electron resistance indicated higher resistance in hEPLCs, as compared to ERM. Periodontopathic bacteria were phagocytosed with upregulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion within 24 h. In conclusion, hEPLCs that were derived using the single cell isolation method formed tight multilayers colonies, as well as strongly expressed tight junction markers in gene expression and immunofluorescence. Novel hEPLCs lines exhibited differently from ERM, which might provide some specific functions such as metabolic exchange and defense mechanism against bacterial invasion in periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallapat Tansriratanawong
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Department of NDU Life Sciences, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Toyomura
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soh Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Liao X, Feng B, Zhang D, Liu P, Zhou X, Li R, Ye L. The Sirt6 gene: Does it play a role in tooth development? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174255. [PMID: 28355287 PMCID: PMC5371306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental Mesenchymal Cells (DMCs) are known to play a role in tooth development as well as in the repair and regeneration of dental tissue. A large number of signaling molecules regulate the proliferation and differentiation of DMC, though the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), a key regulator of aging, can exert an impact on embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. The experimental deletion of Sirt6 in mouse bone marrow cells has been found to have an inhibiting impact on the bone mineral density and the osteogenic differentiation of these cells. The possible role of Sirt6 in tooth development, however, has at present remained largely unexplored. In the present study, we found that SIRT6 had no effect on tooth development before birth. However, Sirt6 gene deletion in knockout mice did have two post-natal impacts: a delay in tooth eruption and sluggishness in the development of dental roots. We propose an explanation of the possible molecular basis of the changes observed in Sirt6-/- mice. SIRT6 is expressed in mouse odontoblasts. Sirt6 deletion enhanced the proliferation of DMCs, as well as their capacity for adipogenic differentiation. On the other hand, it inhibited their capacity for in vitro osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation. Further studies suggested that other factors may mediate the role of Sirt6 in odontogenesis. These include the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), extracellular regulated MAP kinase (ERK) pathways and the mitochondrial energy. We demonstrated that Sirt6 plays a role in tooth root formation and confirmed that SIRT6 is necessary for DMC differentiation as well as for the development of the tooth root and for eventual tooth eruption. These results establish a new link between SIRT6 and tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (LY); (RML)
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LY); (RML)
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ITAYA S, OKA K, OGATA K, TAMURA S, KIRA -TATSUOKA M, FUJIWARA N, OTSU K, TSURUGA E, OZAKI M, HARADA H. Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath cells contribute to formation of periodontal ligament through epithelial-mesenchymal transition by TGF-β . Biomed Res 2017; 38:61-69. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi ITAYA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kyoko OKA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kayoko OGATA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Shougo TAMURA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Michiko KIRA -TATSUOKA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Naoki FUJIWARA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Keishi OTSU
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Eichi TSURUGA
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sci-ences, Hirosaki University
| | - Masao OZAKI
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hidemitsu HARADA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University
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Multiple essential MT1-MMP functions in tooth root formation, dentinogenesis, and tooth eruption. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:266-283. [PMID: 26780723 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) is a transmembrane zinc-endopeptidase that breaks down extracellular matrix components, including several collagens, during tissue development and physiological remodeling. MT1-MMP-deficient mice (MT1-MMP(-/-)) feature severe defects in connective tissues, such as impaired growth, osteopenia, fibrosis, and conspicuous loss of molar tooth eruption and root formation. In order to define the functions of MT1-MMP during root formation and tooth eruption, we analyzed the development of teeth and surrounding tissues in the absence of MT1-MMP. In situ hybridization showed that MT1-MMP was widely expressed in cells associated with teeth and surrounding connective tissues during development. Multiple defects in dentoalveolar tissues were associated with loss of MT1-MMP. Root formation was inhibited by defective structure and function of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS). However, no defect was found in creation of the eruption pathway, suggesting that tooth eruption was hampered by lack of alveolar bone modeling/remodeling coincident with reduced periodontal ligament (PDL) formation and integration with the alveolar bone. Additionally, we identified a significant defect in dentin formation and mineralization associated with the loss of MT1-MMP. To segregate these multiple defects and trace their cellular origin, conditional ablation of MT1-MMP was performed in epithelia and mesenchyme. Mice featuring selective loss of MT1-MMP activity in the epithelium were indistinguishable from wild type mice, and importantly, featured a normal HERS structure and molar eruption. In contrast, selective knock-out of MT1-MMP in Osterix-expressing mesenchymal cells, including osteoblasts and odontoblasts, recapitulated major defects from the global knock-out including altered HERS structure, short roots, defective dentin formation and mineralization, and reduced alveolar bone formation, although molars were able to erupt. These data indicate that MT1-MMP activity in the dental mesenchyme, and not in epithelial-derived HERS, is essential for proper tooth root formation and eruption. In summary, our studies point to an indispensable role for MT1-MMP-mediated matrix remodeling in tooth eruption through effects on bone formation, soft tissue remodeling and organization of the follicle/PDL region.
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Harada H, Kumakami-Sakano M, Fujiwara N, Otsu K. Live imaging to elucidate cell dynamics in tooth organogenesis and regeneration. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumakami-Sakano M, Otsu K, Fujiwara N, Harada H. Regulatory mechanisms of Hertwig׳s epithelial root sheath formation and anomaly correlated with root length. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:78-82. [PMID: 24560742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are composed of two domains, the enamel-covered crown and cementum-covered root. The mechanism for determining the transition from crown to root is important for understanding root anomaly diseases. Hertwig׳s epithelial root sheath (HERS) is derived from the dental epithelium and is known to drive the growth of root dentin and periodontal tissue. Some clinical cases of hypoplastic tooth root are caused by the cessation of HERS development. Understanding the mechanisms of HERS development will contribute to the study of the disease and dental regenerative medicine. However, the developmental biology of tooth root formation has not been fully studied, particularly regarding HERS formation. Here, we describe the mechanisms of HERS formation on the basis of analysis of cell dynamics using imaging and summarize how the growth factor and its receptor regulate cell behavior of the dental epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kumakami-Sakano
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Keishi Otsu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujiwara
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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Hu JKH, Mushegyan V, Klein OD. On the cutting edge of organ renewal: Identification, regulation, and evolution of incisor stem cells. Genesis 2014; 52:79-92. [PMID: 24307456 PMCID: PMC4252016 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rodent incisor is one of a number of organs that grow continuously throughout the life of an animal. Continuous growth of the incisor arose as an evolutionary adaptation to compensate for abrasion at the distal end of the tooth. The sustained turnover of cells that deposit the mineralized dental tissues is made possible by epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells residing at the proximal end of the incisor. A complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors regulates the formation, maintenance, and differentiation of these stem cells during development and throughout adulthood. Research over the past 15 years has led to significant progress in our understanding of this network, which includes FGF, BMP, Notch, and Hh signaling, as well as cell adhesion molecules and micro-RNAs. This review surveys key historical experiments that laid the foundation of the field and discusses more recent findings that definitively identified the stem cell population, elucidated the regulatory network, and demonstrated possible genetic mechanisms for the evolution of continuously growing teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Kuang-Hsien Hu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vagan Mushegyan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Alfaqeeh SA, Tucker AS. The slice culture method for following development of tooth germs in explant culture. J Vis Exp 2013:e50824. [PMID: 24300332 DOI: 10.3791/50824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Explant culture allows manipulation of developing organs at specific time points and is therefore an important method for the developmental biologist. For many organs it is difficult to access developing tissue to allow monitoring during ex vivo culture. The slice culture method allows access to tissue so that morphogenetic movements can be followed and specific cell populations can be targeted for manipulation or lineage tracing. In this paper we describe a method of slice culture that has been very successful for culture of tooth germs in a range of species. The method provides excellent access to the tooth germs, which develop at a similar rate to that observed in vivo, surrounded by the other jaw tissues. This allows tissue interactions between the tooth and surrounding tissue to be monitored. Although this paper concentrates on tooth germs, the same protocol can be applied to follow development of a number of other organs, such as salivary glands, Meckel's cartilage, nasal glands, tongue, and ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Alfaqeeh
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, and Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, UK, King's College London
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Sohn WJ, Choi MA, Yamamoto H, Lee S, Lee Y, Jung JK, Jin MU, An CH, Jung HS, Suh JY, Shin HI, Kim JY. Contribution of mesenchymal proliferation in tooth root morphogenesis. J Dent Res 2013; 93:78-83. [PMID: 24155265 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513511247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse tooth development, the roots of the first lower molar develop after crown formation to form 2 cylindrical roots by post-natal day 5. This study compared the morphogenesis and cellular events of the mesial-root-forming (MRF) and bifurcation-forming (BF) regions, located in the mesial and center of the first lower molar, to better define the developmental mechanisms involved in multi-rooted tooth formation. We found that the mesenchyme in the MRF showed relatively higher proliferation than the bifurcation region. This suggested that spatially regulated mesenchymal proliferation is required for creating cylindrical root structure. The mechanism may involve the mesenchyme forming a physical barrier to epithelial invagination of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. To test these ideas, we cultured roots in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of microtubule and actin polymerization, nocodazole and cytochalasin-D. Cytochalasin D also inhibits proliferation in epithelium and mesenchyme. Both drugs resulted in altered morphological changes in the tooth root structures. In particular, the nocodazole- and cytochalasin-D-treated specimens showed a loss of root diameter and formation of a single-root, respectively. Immunolocalization and three-dimensional reconstruction results confirmed these mesenchymal cellular events, with higher proliferation in MRF in multi-rooted tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J Sohn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Cessation of epithelial Bmp signaling switches the differentiation of crown epithelia to the root lineage in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4732-44. [PMID: 24081330 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00456-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of dental epithelia into enamel-producing ameloblasts or the root epithelial lineage compartmentalizes teeth into crowns and roots. Bmp signaling has been linked to enamel formation, but its role in root epithelial lineage differentiation is unclear. Here we show that cessation of epithelial Bmp signaling by Bmpr1a depletion during the differentiation stage switched differentiation of crown epithelia into the root lineage and led to formation of ectopic cementum-like structures. This phenotype is related to the upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although epithelial β-catenin depletion during the differentiation stage also led to variable enamel defect and precocious/ectopic formation of fragmented root epithelia in some teeth, it did not cause ectopic cementogenesis and inhibited EMT in cultured dental epithelia. Concomitant epithelial β-catenin depletion rescued EMT and ectopic cementogenesis caused by Bmpr1a depletion. These data suggested that Bmp and Wnt/β-catenin pathways interact antagonistically in dental epithelia to regulate the root lineage differentiation and EMT. These findings will aid in the design of new strategies to promote functional differentiation in the regeneration and tissue engineering of teeth and will provide new insights into the dynamic interactions between the Bmp and Wnt/β-catenin pathways during cell fate decisions.
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