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Jameie M, Ahli B, Ghadir S, Azami M, Amanollahi M, Ebadi R, Rafati A, Naser Moghadasi A. The hidden link: How oral and respiratory microbiomes affect multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 88:105742. [PMID: 38964239 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has explored the role of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of microbial communities in the oral cavity and respiratory tract on MS is an emerging area of investigation. PURPOSE We aimed to review the current literature related to the nasal, oral, and lung microbiota in people with MS (PwMS). METHODS We conducted a narrative review of clinical and preclinical original studies on PubMed that explored the relationship between the bacterial or viral composition of the nasal, lung, and oral microbiota and MS. Additionally, to find relevant studies not retrieved initially, we also searched for references in related review papers, as well as the references cited within the included studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Thirteen studies were meticulously reviewed in three sections; oral microbiota (n = 8), nasal microbiota (n = 3), and lung microbiota (n = 2), highlighting considerable alterations in the oral and respiratory microbiome of PwMS compared to healthy controls (HCs). Genera like Aggregatibacter and Streptococcus were less abundant in the oral microbiota of PwMS compared to HCs, while Staphylococcus, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides showed increased abundance in PwMS. Additionally, the presence of specific bacteria, including Streptococcus sanguinis, within the oral microbiota was suggested to influence Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, a well-established risk factor for MS. Studies related to the nasal microbiome indicated elevated levels of specific Staphylococcus aureus toxins, as well as nasal glial cell infection with human herpes virus (HHV)-6 in PwMS. Emerging research on lung microbiome in animal models demonstrated that manipulating the lung microbiome towards lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria might suppress MS symptoms. These findings open avenues for potential therapeutic strategies. However, further research is crucial to fully understand the complex interactions between the microbiome and MS. This will help identify the most effective timing, bacterial strains, and modulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ahli
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadir
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mobin Azami
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mobina Amanollahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ebadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rafati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wu PC, Tsai SJ, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Chen TJ, Chen MH. Risk of periodontitis in adolescents with bipolar disorder: a cohort study of 21,255 subjects. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1529-1537. [PMID: 37439794 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Although a growing number of studies have investigated the relationship between psychosocial factors and periodontitis, studies investigating the association between bipolar disorder (BD) and periodontitis are lacking. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 4251 adolescents with BD and 17,004 age- and sex-matched controls were included. They were followed up from enrollment to the end of 2011 or death. Periodontitis was diagnosed during the follow-up. Cox regression analysis indicated that adolescents with BD had a higher risk of periodontitis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.77-3.17) than did controls. Subanalyses stratified by sex revealed a higher risk of periodontitis in male (HR: 2.83, 95% CI 2.56-3.14) and female (HR: 3.01, 95% CI 2.74-3.30) adolescents with BD than their respective controls. The long-term use of mood stabilizers was associated with a higher risk of periodontitis (HR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.35) in the BD cohort. Our study highlighted an increased risk of periodontitis in adolescents with BD compared with controls during the follow-up. We recommend that more attention should be paid to the prevention of periodontitis in adolescents with BD, especially those who are female or receiving mood stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Wu
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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Rangel JPA, Borges AFM, Leão LO, de Mattos de Araujo BM, Stechman Neto J, Guariza-Filho O, de Oliveira Rosario M, de Araujo CM, Taveira KVM. Oral health of people with emotional disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:274. [PMID: 38664259 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the association between severe mental disorders and oral health among individuals over 18 years of age. METHODS An electronic search was conducted in six electronic databases and gray literature. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on studies that met the inclusion criteria. The methodology of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. A meta-analysis of proportions with a random effect was carried out. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE tool. RESULTS After searching the databases, 5,734 references were retrieved, and twenty articles were selected for synthesis. Considering the DMFT index between the groups with mental disorders and the control group, the values of the DMFT index were higher among individuals with schizophrenia [MD = 5.27; 95% CI = 4.13 - 6.42; I2 = 35%] and bipolar disorder [MD = 1.90; 95% CI = 0.87 - 2.93]. Values were lower among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder [MD = -0.85; 95% CI = -1.46-0.24]. The risk of bias was considered low for 16 studies, and four were classified with a moderate risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSION Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder exhibit increased frequency in the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. There was no effect in relation to periodontal probing depth, plaque index, and TMD, but the evidence is still uncertain for this outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allya Francisca Marques Borges
- Language and Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
- Studies in Orofacial Motricity and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia at Federal, University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Marques de Mattos de Araujo
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Center for Advanced Studies in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - NARSM, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - José Stechman Neto
- Communication Disorders, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Center for Advanced Studies in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - NARSM, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Odilon Guariza-Filho
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Center for Advanced Studies in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - NARSM, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiano Miranda de Araujo
- Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Center for Advanced Studies in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - NARSM, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Karinna Veríssimo Meira Taveira
- Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Center for Advanced Studies in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - NARSM, Curitiba, Brazil.
- Department of Morphology- Center of Biosciences, Language and Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, BR 101- Lagoa, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59072-970, Brazil.
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Sari A, Kokacya MH, Ide M. Periodontal conditions and association of periodontitis with oral-health-related quality of life in patients experiencing different episodes of bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:274-287. [PMID: 37963629 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate periodontal conditions and the association of periodontitis with oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with a history of bipolar disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 160 participants were recruited in four groups for the study: 40 patients with euthymic episodes, 40 patients with depression, 40 patients with manic episodes and 40 systemically healthy individuals. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure the impact of oral health on the quality of life. RESULTS Bipolar disorder groups exhibited generally higher clinical parameters compared with the control group (p < .05). OHIP-14 total score (β = 3.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-6.56, p = .044), functional limitation (β = .89, 95% CI: 0.27-1.49, p = .005) and physical pain (β = .64, 95% CI: 0.01-1.27, p = .046) were associated with bipolar depression episodes. Psychological discomfort was associated with the presence of generalized periodontitis (β = .76, 95% CI: 0.01-1.51, p = .047) and psychological disability was associated with the presence of stage III-IV (β = .83, 95% CI: 0.07-1.59, p = .033) and generalized (β = .75, 95% CI: 0.07-1.42, p = .029) periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, a history of bipolar disorder episodes (exposure) may be associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis and related reported OHRQoL impacts (outcomes). Bipolar depression episodes had a higher impact on OHRQoL than other bipolar episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Sari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - M Hanifi Kokacya
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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5
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McGuinness AJ, Loughman A, Foster JA, Jacka F. Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:319-328. [PMID: 37661007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has revolutionized the field of psychiatry. It is now well recognized that the gut bacteriome is associated with, and likely influences, the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. However, while substantial advances in the field of microbiome science have been made, we have likely only scratched the surface in our understanding of how these ecosystems might contribute to mental disorder pathophysiology. Beyond the gut bacteriome, research into lesser explored components of the gut microbiome, including the gut virome, mycobiome, archaeome, and parasitome, is increasingly suggesting relevance in psychiatry. The contribution of microbiomes beyond the gut, including the oral, lung, and small intestinal microbiomes, to human health and pathology should not be overlooked. Increasing both our awareness and understanding of these less traversed fields of research are critical to improving the therapeutic benefits of treatments targeting the gut microbiome, including fecal microbiome transplantation, postbiotics and biogenics, and dietary intervention. Interdisciplinary collaborations integrating systems biology approaches are required to fully elucidate how these different microbial components and distinct microbial niches interact with each other and their human hosts. Excitingly, we may be at the start of the next microbiome revolution and thus one step closer to informing the field of precision psychiatry to improve outcomes for those living with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J McGuinness
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Amy Loughman
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane A Foster
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Felice Jacka
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Tong S, Lyu Y, Huang W, Zeng R, Jiang R, Lian Q, Leung FW, Sha W, Chen H. Genetically predicted causal associations between periodontitis and psychiatric disorders. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 26:e300864. [PMID: 37993283 PMCID: PMC10668133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders have serious harm to individuals' lives with high disease burden. Observational studies reported inconsistent associations between periodontitis and some psychiatric disorders, and the causal correlations between them remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the causal associations between periodontitis and psychiatric disorders. METHODS A series of two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were employed using genome-wide association study summary statistics for periodontitis in adults from Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints Consortium and 10 psychiatric disorders from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Causal effects were primarily estimated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Various sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the robustness of our results. FINDINGS The MR analysis suggested that genetically determined periodontitis was not causally associated with 10 psychiatric disorders (IVW, all p>0.089). Furthermore, the reverse MR analysis revealed that 10 psychiatric disorders had no causal effect on periodontitis (IVW, all p>0.068). We discovered that all the results were consistent in the four MR analytical methods, including the IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median and weighted mode. Besides, we did not identify any heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support bidirectional causal associations between genetically predicted periodontitis and 10 common psychiatric disorders. Potential confounders might contribute to the previously observed associations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Our findings might alleviate the concerns of patients with periodontitis or psychiatric disorders. However, further research was warranted to delve into the intricate relationship between dental health and mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Felix W Leung
- Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Franciotti R, Pignatelli P, D’Antonio DL, Mancinelli R, Fulle S, De Rosa MA, Puca V, Piattelli A, Thomas AM, Onofrj M, Sensi SL, Curia MC. The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2555. [PMID: 37894213 PMCID: PMC10609495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an association between oral microbial dysbiosis and the development and progression of pathologies in the central nervous system. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen of the oral cavity, can induce a systemic antibody response measured in patients' sera using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The present case-control study quantified the immune system's response to Pg abundance in the oral cavities of patients affected by different central nervous system pathologies. The study cohort included 87 participants: 23 healthy controls (HC), 17 patients with an acute neurological condition (N-AC), 19 patients with a chronic neurological condition (N-CH), and 28 patients with neurodegenerative disease (N-DEG). The results showed that the Pg abundance in the oral cavity was higher in the N-DEG patients than in the HC (p = 0.0001) and N-AC patients (p = 0.01). In addition, the Pg abundance was higher in the N-CH patients than the HCs (p = 0.005). Only the N-CH patients had more serum anti-Pg antibodies than the HC (p = 0.012). The inadequate response of the immune system of the N-DEG group in producing anti-Pg antibodies was also clearly indicated by an analysis of the ratio between the anti-Pg antibodies quantity and the Pg abundance. Indeed, this ratio was significantly lower between the N-DEG group than all other groups (p = 0.0001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.03 for HC, N-AC, and N-CH, respectively). The immune system's response to Pg abundance in the oral cavity showed a stepwise model: the response diminished progressively from the patients affected with an acute condition to the patients suffering from chronic nervous system disorders and finally to the patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, Viale Jonio, 74122 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Domenica Lucia D’Antonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (M.C.C.)
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Matteo Alessandro De Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Astrid Maria Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Luca Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.); (M.A.D.R.); (A.M.T.); (M.O.); (S.L.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (M.C.C.)
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Skallevold HE, Rokaya N, Wongsirichat N, Rokaya D. Importance of oral health in mental health disorders: An updated review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:544-552. [PMID: 37396968 PMCID: PMC10314291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders are indeed an expanding threat, which requires raised awareness, education, prevention, and treatment initiatives nationally and globally. This review presents an updated review on the relationships between oral health and mental health disorders and the importance of oral health in mental health disorders. Method A literature search was done regarding mental disorders and oral health approaches in Google Scholar and PubMed from the year 1995 until 2023. All the English-language papers were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria. Publications included original research papers, review articles and book chapters. Results Common mental disorders include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, dementia, and alcohol and drug use disorders. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Conclusion There is a complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases. Various oral health problems are associated with mental health problems. The interplay of oral health and mental disorders involves dysregulated microbiome, translocated bacteria, and systemic inflammation, among others. Mental health nurses including physicians and dental professionals should be involved in the oral health care of mental health disorder patients. Therefore, multidisciplinary should be involved in the care of mental health disorders, and they should consider oral health care as an essential part of their care for patients with mental health disorders. Future investigations should strive to elucidate the exact biological relationships, to develop new directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erling Skallevold
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Natthamet Wongsirichat
- Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok Thonburi University, 16/10 Taweewatana, Bangkok, 10170, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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9
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Hashimoto K. Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3625-3637. [PMID: 37845499 PMCID: PMC10730413 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on the potential association between the microbiota and various neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota resides in various parts of the body, such as the oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, and vagina. The gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance and its potential role in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the microbiota presents in other body tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial role in immune system and human homeostasis, thus influencing the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. For example, oral microbiota imbalance and associated periodontitis might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, studies using the postmortem brain samples have detected the widespread presence of oral bacteria in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article provides an overview of the emerging role of the host microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses future directions, such as underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers associated with the host microbiota, and microbiota-targeted interventions, for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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10
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Pinjari OF, Jones GH, Vecera CM, Smith K, Barrera A, Machado-Vieira R. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Bipolar Disorder and its Common Comorbidities. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023:101078. [PMID: 37220806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with significant psychosocial and medical disease burden. Much difficulty has been encountered in developing novel therapeutics and objective biomarkers for clinical use in this population. In that regard, gut-microbial homeostasis appears to modulate several key pathways relevant to a variety of psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Microbial impact on immune, endocrine, endocannabinoid, kynurenine, and other pathways are discussed throughout this review. Emphasis is placed on this system's relevance to current pharmacology, diet, and comorbid illness in bipolar disorder. Despite the high level of optimism promoted in many reviews on this topic, substantial obstacles exist before any microbiome-related findings can provide meaningful clinical utility. Beyond a comprehensive overview of pathophysiology, this review hopes to highlight several key areas where progress is needed. As well, novel microbiome-associated suggestions are presented for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Pinjari
- Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch.
| | - Gregory H Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Courtney M Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Kacy Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Anita Barrera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Wayne Scott (J-IV) Unit of Correctional Managed Care, University of Texas Medical Branch.
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11
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Porphyromonas gingivalis-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Migration via Activating Akt Signaling Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244088. [PMID: 36552854 PMCID: PMC9777333 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is significantly associated with the risk of cancers in the lung and the digestive system. Emerging evidence shows a plausible link between periodontitis and several types of brain diseases. However, the association between periodontal infection and glioma remains unclear. In the cultured GL261 glioma cells, P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly promoted cell proliferation at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 ng/mL. It promoted cell migration at a higher concentration (100 and 1000 ng/mL). Additionally, exposure to 100 ng/mL P. gingivalis LPS induced a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α, TGF-β, MMP2, and MMP9, as well as the phosphorylation level of Akt at Ser473. These changes induced by P. gingivalis LPS were significantly antagonized by the Akt inhibitor. Furthermore, a total of 48 patients with brain tumors were enrolled to investigate their periodontal status before receiving tumor management. Poor periodontal status [probing depth (PD) ≥ 6 mm and attachment loss (AL) >5 mm] was found in 42.9% (9/21) of patients with glioma, which was significantly higher than that in patients with benign tumors and the relevant data in the 4th National Oral Health Survey in China. The glioma patients with both AL > 5 mm and PD ≥ 6 mm had a higher ki-67 labeling index than those with AL ≤ 5 mm or PD < 6 mm. These findings support the association between periodontal infection and glioma progression.
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12
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Tong Z, Zhou X, Chu Y, Zhang T, Zhang J, Zhao X, Wang Z, Ding R, Meng Q, Yu J, Wang J, Kang Y. Implications of oral streptococcal bacteriophages in autism spectrum disorder. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:91. [DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGrowing evidence suggests altered oral and gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but little is known about the alterations and roles of phages, especially within the oral microbiota in ASD subjects. We enrolled ASD (n = 26) and neurotypical subjects (n = 26) with their oral hygiene controlled, and the metagenomes of both oral and fecal samples (n = 104) are shotgun-sequenced and compared. We observe extensive and diverse oral phageome comparable to that of the gut, and clear signals of mouth-to-gut phage strain transfer within individuals. However, the overall phageomes of the two sites are widely different and show even less similarity in the oral communities between ASD and control subjects. The ASD oral phageome exhibits significantly reduced abundance and alpha diversity, but the Streptococcal phages there are atypically enriched, often dominating the community. The over-representation of Streptococcal phages is accompanied by enriched oral Streptococcal virulence factors and Streptococcus bacteria, all exhibiting a positive correlation with the severity of ASD clinical manifestations. These changes are not observed in the parallel sampling of the gut flora, suggesting a previously unknown oral-specific association between the excessive Streptococcal phage enrichment and ASD pathogenesis. The findings provide new evidence for the independent microbiome-mouth-brain connection, deepen our understanding of how the growth dynamics of bacteriophages and oral microbiota contribute to ASD, and point to novel effective therapeutics.
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13
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Aggarwal N, Kitano S, Puah GRY, Kittelmann S, Hwang IY, Chang MW. Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 123:31-72. [PMID: 36317983 PMCID: PMC9837825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities that inhabit various anatomical locations in the body. Accordingly, the coevolution of the microbiome with the host has resulted in these communities playing a profound role in promoting human health. Consequently, perturbations in the human microbiome can cause or exacerbate several diseases. In this Review, we present our current understanding of the relationship between human health and disease development, focusing on the microbiomes found across the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems as well as the skin. We further discuss various strategies by which the composition and function of the human microbiome can be modulated to exert a therapeutic effect on the host. Finally, we examine technologies such as multiomics approaches and cellular reprogramming of microbes that can enable significant advancements in microbiome research and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Shohei Kitano
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ginette Ru Ying Puah
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Wilmar
International Limited, Singapore 138568, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore,Singapore
Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Synthetic
Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore,Wilmar-NUS
(WIL@NUS) Corporate Laboratory, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore,Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore,E-mail:
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14
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Abstract
Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, affect a significant number of the global population. Several pathophysiological pathways for these disorders have been identified, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. In addition, life events, environmental factors, and lifestyle affect the onset, progression, and recurrence of mental health disorders. These may all overlap with periodontal and/or peri-implant disease. Mental health disorders are associated with more severe periodontal disease and, in some cases, poorer healing outcomes to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. They can result in behavior modification, such as poor oral hygiene practices, tobacco smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are also risk factors for periodontal disease and, therefore, may have a contributory effect. Stress has immunomodulatory effects regulating immune cell numbers and function, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production. Stress markers such as cortisol and catecholamines may modulate periodontal bacterial growth and the expression of virulence factors. Stress and some mental health disorders are accompanied by a low-grade chronic inflammation that may be involved in their relationship with periodontal disease and vice versa. Although the gut microbiome interacting with the central nervous system (gut-brain axis) is thought to play a significant role in mental illness, less is understood about the role of the oral microbiome. The evidence for mental health disorders on implant outcomes is lacking, but may mainly be through behaviourial changes. Through lack of compliance withoral hygiene and maintenance visits, peri-implant health can be affected. Increased smoking and risk of periodontal disease may also affect implant outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been linked with higher implant failure. They have an anabolic effect on bone, reducing turnover, which could account for the increased loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Ball
- Centre for Rural Dentistry and Oral HealthCharles Sturt UniversityOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ivan Darby
- Periodontics, Melbourne Dental SchoolThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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15
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Periodontal Disease and Severe Mental Illness. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:836-847. [PMID: 35797566 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease represents a global public health concern, with a disproportionate burden being borne by vulnerable populations. One such group is people with severe mental illness (SMI), and this study examined whether periodontal health is poorer in people with SMI than the general population. METHODS We conducted a systematic search for studies published before March 2021 on the periodontal health of people with SMI using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chongqing VIP. Outcomes were periodontitis, periodontal disease, and shallow and deep periodontal pockets. Results were compared with the general population. RESULTS Seventeen studies had sufficient data for a random-effects meta-analysis, consisting of 4404 psychiatric patients and 95,411 controls. SMI was associated with an increased prevalence of periodontitis (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-3.35) compared with the general population. People with SMI had 4.28 the odds of having periodontal disease compared with controls (95% CI = 2.54-7.21). They also had 3.65 the odds of shallow pockets (95% CI = 1.80-7.42) and 2.76 the odds of deep pockets (95% CI = 1.10-6.93). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in people with SMI. Oral health is often considered the gateway to overall health and should be a public health priority for this population.
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16
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Martin S, Foulon A, El Hage W, Dufour-Rainfray D, Denis F. Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020846. [PMID: 35055031 PMCID: PMC8775665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the impact of the oropharyngeal microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to clarify whether there might be a bidirectional link between the oral microbiota and the brain in a context of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. We selected nine articles including three systemic reviews with several articles from the same research team. Different themes emerged, which we grouped into 5 distinct parts concerning the oropharyngeal phageome, the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome and periodontal disease potentially associated with schizophrenia, and the impact of drugs on the microbiome and schizophrenia. We pointed out the presence of phageoma in patients suffering from schizophrenia and that periodontal disease reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva could be an interesting substrate to characterize the different stages of schizophrenia. However, the few studies we have on the subject are limited in scope, and some of them are the work of a single team. At this stage of knowledge, it is difficult to conclude on the existence of a bidirectional link between the brain and the oral microbiome. Future studies on the subject will clarify these questions that for the moment remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Audrey Foulon
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Wissam El Hage
- U1253, iBrain, Inserm, CHU Tours, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (W.E.H.); (D.D.-R.)
| | - Diane Dufour-Rainfray
- U1253, iBrain, Inserm, CHU Tours, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (W.E.H.); (D.D.-R.)
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Denis
- Department of Odontology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France
- EA 75-05 Education, Ethics, Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-77-15-69-68
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17
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Bowland GB, Weyrich LS. The Oral-Microbiome-Brain Axis and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Anthropological Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:810008. [PMID: 35432038 PMCID: PMC9005879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.810008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are on the rise, yet the causal mechanisms behind this global epidemic remain poorly understood. A key to these unknowns may lie within the vast communities of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the body (microbiota), which are intimately linked with health and disease. NPDs were recently shown to be connected to gut microbiota, which can communicate with and influence the brain through the Gut-Brain-Axis (GBA). Parallel studies examining oral microbiota and their connections to the brain also suggest that microbes in the mouth can similarly influence NPD outcomes. However, the mechanisms and pathways that illuminate how oral microbiota and brain communicate in NPDs remain unknown. Here, we review identified mechanisms and pathways that oral microbiota use to engage the brain, and we lay the theoretical foundation for an oral-microbiota-brain axis (OMBA). Specifically, we examine established neuroinflammatory and immune system activation responses that underpin interactions between the oral microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), detailing four specific mechanisms: (1) microbial and metabolite escape, (2) neuroinflammation, (3) CNS signaling, and (4) response to neurohormones. We then scrutinize why including the OMBA, in addition to the GBA, is critically needed to elucidate specific causal relationships between microbial dysbiosis and observed NPD development and progression. Furthermore, we argue for comprehensive, interdisciplinary approaches that integrate lab-based microbiome research and population-level studies that examine the OMBA to improve NPDs. We specifically identify key anthropological perspectives that integrate sociocultural, epidemiological, genetic, and environmental factors that shape the oral microbiome and its interactions with NPDs. Together, future studies of the OMBA in conjunction with interdisciplinary approaches can be used to identify NPD risks and improve outcomes, as well as develop novel intervention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace B Bowland
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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18
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Turner E, Berry K, Aggarwal VR, Quinlivan L, Villanueva T, Palmier-Claus J. Oral health self-care behaviours in serious mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 145:29-41. [PMID: 33862664 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the relationship between serious mental illness and oral health self-care behaviours using meta-analytic methods and a narrative synthesis of available literature. METHOD The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines [PROSPERO reference: CRD42020176779]. Search terms pertaining to serious mental illness and oral health were entered into EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline and CINAHL. Eligible studies included a sample of people with a serious mental illness and a quantitative measure of an oral health self-care behaviour (eg dental visits, toothbrushing). The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was utilised to appraise the quality of the literature. Studies in the meta-analysis contained a non-clinical or general population comparator sample. RESULTS People with a serious mental illness were significantly less likely to visit the dentist (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32-0.065, p > 0.001) or brush their teeth (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.42, p < 0.001) when compared to non-clinical comparator samples. Few studies explored other oral health self-care behaviours (eg flossing and mouth washing), but uptake was generally low in people with a serious mental illness. The study quality of included studies was variable. CONCLUSIONS The research showed a reduced uptake of oral health self-care behaviours in people with a serious mental illness. Suboptimal oral health can negatively impact on physical, social and psychological functioning. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for low rates of oral health self-care behaviours in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Turner
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Vishal R Aggarwal
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leah Quinlivan
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jasper Palmier-Claus
- The Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
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19
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Association between liver cirrhosis and peri-implant diseases: a case-control study on implant- and patient-related risk factors. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3563-3572. [PMID: 34859326 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential association between liver cirrhosis and peri-implant diseases, as well as the influence of different risk indicators on this association. METHODS This case-control study included 64 cases with liver cirrhosis and 128 controls without liver diseases that presented the same socio-demographic and economic profile. The specific inclusion criteria were the following: aged group of 35-55 years and presenting at least one osseointegrated implant functioning for >5 years. A full-mouth peri-implant and periodontal examination was performed and risk variables were recorded. The association between risk variables and the occurrence of peri-implant diseases was tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, stratified by alcohol status. Additionally, a mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effect of age with peri-implantitis. RESULTS A high prevalence of peri-implantitis (29.7%) was observed among cases when compared to controls (18.0%). Individuals with cirrhosis presented ~2.5 higher chance of having peri-implantitis than controls (p<0.001). Significant variables associated with the occurrence of peri-implantitis in the final logistic model were the following: cirrhosis, alcohol use, age (>55 years), male sex, smoking, periodontitis, and number of ≤14. CONCLUSIONS An important risk association between liver cirrhosis and peri-implantitis was reported. Future studies with a larger sample size controlling for the patient- and implant-related confounders are needed to better understand the link between peri-implantitis and liver cirrhosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cirrhosis individuals, age, and periodontitis, as well as alcohol use and smoking interaction, should be considered as potential risk indicators for peri-implantitis.
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20
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Yang Y, Yu X, Yang X, Zeng K, Liu G, Hao W, Zhang S, Wang G. Oral Microbiota Profile of Individuals Who Abuse Methamphetamine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:706961. [PMID: 34568092 PMCID: PMC8461105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.706961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor oral health condition of individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) is well known. The roles of the oral and fecal microbiomes in addiction and nervous system diseases have been the focus of many studies. However, changes in the microbiota composition of MA users have not been reported. This was addressed in the present study in 20 MA users and 14 sex-matched healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to evaluate oral microbiome profiles. The results showed that species richness was significantly lower in the MA group than in the control group. Bacterial taxa that are known to be related to oral diseases such as Negativicutes, Veillonellaceae, Veillonella, and Selenomonadales had higher relative abundance in the MA group than in the control group, and the relative abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica-a putative etiologic agent of periodontal disease-was also higher. Avoiding MA use and improving oral hygiene practices over a short term (i.e., during hospitalization for 2 weeks) did not alter the oral microbiota composition of MA users. Although the causal relationship between changes in oral microbiome profile and MA abuse remains to be determined, our results suggest that oral disease prevention and treatment strategies are important for MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Yang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuan Zeng
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Maitre Y, Mahalli R, Micheneau P, Delpierre A, Guerin M, Amador G, Denis F. Pre and Probiotics Involved in the Modulation of Oral Bacterial Species: New Therapeutic Leads in Mental Disorders? Microorganisms 2021; 9:1450. [PMID: 34361886 PMCID: PMC8306040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify probiotics and prebiotics for modulating oral bacterial species associated with mental disorders. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline, we search the electronic MEDLINE database published till January 2021 to identify the studies on probiotics and/or prebiotics for preventing and treating major oral dysbiosis that provokes mental disorders. The outcome of the search produces 374 records. After excluding non-relevant studies, 38 papers were included in the present review. While many studies suggest the potential effects of the oral microbiota on the biochemical signalling events between the oral microbiota and central nervous system, our review highlights the limited development concerning the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics in modulating oral dysbiosis potentially involved in the development of mental disorders. However, the collected studies confirm prebiotics and/or probiotics interest for a global or targeted modulation of the oral microbiome in preventing or treating mental disorders. These outcomes also offer exciting prospects for improving the oral health of people with mental disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Maitre
- Emergency Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 2415 Montpellier, France;
- Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisée, Université de Montpellier, 2415 Montpellier, France
| | - Rachid Mahalli
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 7505 Tours, France; (R.M.); (P.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Pierre Micheneau
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 7505 Tours, France; (R.M.); (P.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexis Delpierre
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 7505 Tours, France; (R.M.); (P.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Marie Guerin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Clermont-Ferrand University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Gilles Amador
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Frédéric Denis
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 7505 Tours, France; (R.M.); (P.M.); (A.D.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44035 Nantes, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Education, Ethique, Santé, Université François-Rabelais, 7505 Tours, France
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22
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Wadhawan A, Reynolds MA, Makkar H, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Hoisington AJ, Brenner LA, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Dwivedi Y, Postolache TT. Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1353-1397. [PMID: 31924157 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, United States
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, United States
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23
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Martínez M, Martín-Hernández D, Virto L, MacDowell KS, Montero E, González-Bris Á, Marín MJ, Ambrosio N, Herrera D, Leza JC, Sanz M, García-Bueno B, Figuero E. Periodontal diseases and depression: A pre-clinical in vivo study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:503-527. [PMID: 33432590 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse, through a pre-clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontitis (P) was induced in Wistar:Han rats (oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) during 12 weeks, followed by a 3-week period of Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) induction. Four groups (n = 12 rats/group) were obtained: periodontitis and CMS (P+CMS+); periodontitis without CMS; CMS without periodontitis; and control. Periodontal clinical variables, alveolar bone levels (ABL), depressive-like behaviour, microbial counts and expression of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain frontal cortex (FC), were measured. ANOVA tests were applied. RESULTS The highest values for ABL occurred in the P+CMS+ group, which also presented the highest expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-kB) in frontal cortex, related to the lipoprotein APOA1-mediated transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the brain and the detection of F. nucleatum in the brain parenchyma. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, reflected by the increase in plasma corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels in FC, was also found in this group. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation induced by F. nucleatum (through a leaky mouth) might act as the linking mechanism between periodontal diseases and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez
- Postgraduate program in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martín-Hernández
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Gregorio Marañón Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, IUIN, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Virto
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, IUIN, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Montero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Bris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, IUIN, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Marín
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Ambrosio
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, IUIN, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, IUIN, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Abuderman AWA, Muzaheed. Antibacterial effectiveness of scaling and root planing with and without photodynamic therapy against Campylobacter rectus counts in the oral biofilm of patients with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102170. [PMID: 33401024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that scaling and root planning (SRP) with adjunct photodynamic therapy (PDT) is more effective in reducing Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) from the oral biofilm (OB) among patients with periodontitis, than SRP alone. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of SRP with and without adjunct PDT in reducing OB C. rectus counts of patients with periodontitis. METHODS Chronic gastritis patients diagnosed with periodontitis were included. Therapeutically, the patients were divided into 2-groups. Patients in the test- and control-groups underwent SRP with and without adjunct PDT, respectively. In both groups, full-mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured and subgingival OB counts of C. rectus were measured at baseline and 12-weeks after treatment. Data normality was assessed and group-comparisons were done using the paired t-test and Man-Whitney U tests. A type-1 error rate of 5 % was used. RESULTS Thirty patients with periodontitis were included. All patients had Grade-B/Stage-II periodontitis. All participants were male with no significant difference in age. At baseline PI, BOP, PD and MBL were comparable in both groups. Counts of C. rectus in the subgingival OB samples were similar in both groups at baseline. At 12-weeks of follow-up, PI (P < 0.01), GI (P < 0.01) and PD (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the control- compared with the test-group compared with baseline. The percentages of C. rectus -positive individuals were higher in the control- than the test-group at 12-weeks' (P < 0.01). At 12-weeks' follow-up the percentages of C. rectus -positive patients were comparable with their respective baseline percentages in the control-group. CONCLUSION Compared with SRP alone, adjuvant use of PDT is more efficient in eliminating C. rectus in the OB and reducing clinical parameters in patients with grade-B/Stage-II periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab Ali Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Martínez M, Postolache TT, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Figuero E, Lowry CA, Malan-Müller S. The Role of the Oral Microbiota Related to Periodontal Diseases in Anxiety, Mood and Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:814177. [PMID: 35153869 PMCID: PMC8833739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.814177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of anxiety, mood and trauma- and stress-related disorders are on the rise; however, efforts to develop new and effective treatment strategies have had limited success. To identify novel therapeutic targets, a comprehensive understanding of the disease etiology is needed, especially in the context of the holobiont, i.e., the superorganism consisting of a human and its microbiotas. Much emphasis has been placed on the role of the gut microbiota in the development, exacerbation, and persistence of psychiatric disorders; however, data for the oral microbiota are limited. The oral cavity houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, with over 700 bacterial species that colonize the soft and hard tissues. Periodontal diseases encompass a group of infectious and inflammatory diseases that affect the periodontium. Among them, periodontitis is defined as a chronic, multi-bacterial infection that elicits low-grade systemic inflammation via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as local invasion and long-distance translocation of periodontal pathogens. Periodontitis can also induce or exacerbate other chronic systemic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes and can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently, periodontal pathogens have been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders (such as depression and schizophrenia), especially as dysregulation of the immune system also plays an integral role in the etiology and pathophysiology of these disorders. This review will discuss the role of the oral microbiota associated with periodontal diseases in anxiety, mood and trauma- and stress-related disorders. Epidemiological data of periodontal diseases in individuals with these disorders will be presented, followed by a discussion of the microbiological and immunological links between the oral microbiota and the central nervous system. Pre-clinical and clinical findings on the oral microbiota related to periodontal diseases in anxiety, mood and trauma- and stress-related phenotypes will be reviewed, followed by a discussion on the bi-directionality of the oral-brain axis. Lastly, we will focus on the oral microbiota associated with periodontal diseases as a target for future therapeutic interventions to alleviate symptoms of these debilitating psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases Research Group, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases Research Group, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Maitre Y, Micheneau P, Delpierre A, Mahalli R, Guerin M, Amador G, Denis F. Did the Brain and Oral Microbiota Talk to Each Other? A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123876. [PMID: 33260581 PMCID: PMC7760025 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to investigate the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders and to appraise the methodological quality of research of the oral–brain axis which is a growing interest area. The PRISMA guideline was adopted, to carry out an electronic search through the MEDLINE database, to identify studies that have explored the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders published from 2000 up to June 2020. The search resulted in 140 records; after exclusions, a total of 22 papers were included in the present review. In accordance with the role of the oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, four mental disorders were identified: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and cognitive disorders; autism spectrum disorder; Down’s syndrome and mental retardation; and Bipolar disorders. Studies argue for correlations between oral microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders, Down’s syndrome, and bipolar disorders. This field is still under-studied, and studies are needed to clarify the biological links and interconnections between the oral microbiota and the pathophysiology of all mental health disorders. Researchers should focus their efforts to develop research on the oral–brain axis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Maitre
- Emergency Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34259 Montpellier, France;
- EA 2415, Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisée, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Micheneau
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37261 Tours, France; (P.M.); (A.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Alexis Delpierre
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37261 Tours, France; (P.M.); (A.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Rachid Mahalli
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37261 Tours, France; (P.M.); (A.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Marie Guerin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Clermont-Ferrand University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Gilles Amador
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Frederic Denis
- Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37261 Tours, France; (P.M.); (A.D.); (R.M.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44035 Nantes, France;
- EA 75-05 Education, Ethique, Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université François-Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-7715-6968
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27
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Huang YK, Wang YH, Chang YC. Chronic Periodontitis Is Associated with the Risk of Bipolar Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103466. [PMID: 32429260 PMCID: PMC7277490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric mood disturbance manifested by manic, hypomanic, or major depressive periods. Chronic inflammation was evidenced as an important etiologic factor of BD. Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease triggered by bacterial products, leading to the destruction of periodontium. The relationship between BD and CP is of interest to investigate. Therefore, a nationwide population-based cohort study was used to investigate the risk of BD and CP exposure from 2001 to 2012. We identified 61,608 patients with CP from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The 123,216 controls were randomly captured and matched by age, sex, index year, and co-morbidities. The association between CP exposure and BD risk was examined by Cox proportional hazards regression models. In this study, 61,608 CP patients and 123,216 controls were followed up for 7.45 and 7.36 years, respectively. In total, 138 BD patients were identified in the CP cohort and 187 BD cases were found in the non-CP cohort. The incidence rate of BD was significantly higher in the CP cohort than in the non-CP cohort (adjusted HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17–1.81) according to the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Females had a 1.47-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.16–1.86) for BD compared to males. Taken together, CP may be associated with an increased risk of subsequent BD in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kai Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24718668 (ext. 55011); Fax: +886-4-24759065
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28
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Choi KH, Shin S, Lee E, Lee SW. Access to Dental Care and Depressive Illness: Results from the Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040189. [PMID: 32325902 PMCID: PMC7230332 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that oral health is associated with various systemic diseases including psychiatric illnesses. This study examined the association between depression and access to dental care in Korean adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation was performed using data from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. The general characteristics of the participants, the current depression status, and issues with access to dental care were collected to evaluate the factors for not being able to make dental visits according to care needs. Results: The study population comprised a total of 5976 participants who were 19 years of age and older and represented 40.7 million Koreans. A multivariable logistic regression analysis with weighted observations revealed that participants with current depressive illness were about two times more likely to express that they could not make dental visits in spite of their perceived care needs (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.097; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.046–4.203). The reasons for not making dental visits included financial problems, perceived importance of the dental problem, and fear of visiting dental professionals. Conclusions: Korean adults with current depressive illness were less likely to make dental visits when they had dental care needs. To improve dental health accessibility for patients with depressive illness, coordinated efforts can be considered involving multidisciplinary health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea
| | - Sangyoon Shin
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (S.-W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8588 (E.L.); +82-62-530-5820 (S.-W.L.); Fax: +82-2-888-9122 (E.L.); +82-62-530-5810 (S.-W.L.)
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Departments of Dental Education and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61184, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (S.-W.L.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8588 (E.L.); +82-62-530-5820 (S.-W.L.); Fax: +82-2-888-9122 (E.L.); +82-62-530-5810 (S.-W.L.)
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29
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Campos JR, Costa FO, Cota LOM. Association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome: A case‐control study. J Periodontol 2019; 91:784-791. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julya Ribeiro Campos
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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30
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Costa FO, Lages EJP, Lages EMB, Cota LOM. Periodontitis in individuals with liver cirrhosis: A case-control study. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:991-998. [PMID: 31336404 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between liver cirrhosis and periodontitis. METHODS This case-control study included 294 individuals, 98 cases with liver cirrhosis and 196 controls. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed and plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing were recorded. The association of risk variables with periodontitis was tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, stratified by alcohol status. RESULTS A high prevalence of periodontitis was observed among cases (62.2%) when compared to controls (41.8%). Individuals with cirrhosis presented a chance ~2 higher of having periodontitis than controls (OR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.39-3.78; p < .001). Significant variables associated with periodontitis in the final logistic models were as follows: (a) no/occasional alcohol use model-number of teeth up 14, age ≥45-55 years, male sex and smoking; (b) moderate and intensive alcohol use models-cirrhosis, number of teeth up 14, age ≥45-55 years, male sex and smoking. CONCLUSIONS An important risk association between liver cirrhosis and periodontitis was observed. Additionally, the intensive alcohol use significantly increased the risk for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eugênio José Pereira Lages
- Department of Dental Clinics, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Maria Bastos Lages
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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