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Yang SX, Cheng S, Sun Y, Tang X, Huang Z. Circadian Disruption in Civilian Airline Pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2024; 95:381-389. [PMID: 38915172 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6316.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Most airline pilots reported having suffered from sleep disorders and fatigue due to circadian disruption, a potential risk to flight safety. This study attempted to uncover the actual scenario of circadian disruption and working load status among airline pilots.METHODS: In study 1, 21 pilots were invited to participate in a 14-d sleep monitoring and a dual 2-back test to monitor their sleep patterns and cognitive function level. To provide an in-depth view, data from scheduled flights, including 567 airline pilots, was analyzed in Study 2. The present study used cluster analysis to reflect the distribution of the flight scheduling characteristics, including working time and actual working hours. A simulation model was then developed to predict the pilots' 1-mo sleep-wake pattern.RESULTS: The results indicated that sleep problems were prevalent in this population, especially the night before an earlier morning shift. Regarding the cognitive test, they scored the lowest on earlier morning shifts compared with daytime and evening shifts. It was found that over 70% of the flight schedules can lead to circadian disruption, and 47.44% of the pilots worked under high-load status.DISCUSSION: Airline pilots inevitably work irregular hours and the current policies for coping with circadian disruption seem inefficient. This study thus calls for urgency in improving scheduling and fatigue management systems from the circadian rhythm perspective.Yang SX, Cheng S, Sun Y, Tang X, Huang Z. Circadian disruption in civilian airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):381-389.
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Zheng X, Cai R, Gao C, Ponatshego P, Gao L, Montano MA, Hu K, Mosepele M, Li P. Poor sleep quality is linked to increased frailty in middle-aged people living with HIV in Botswana. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4462187. [PMID: 38883786 PMCID: PMC11177973 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4462187/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate associations between self-reported sleep health and frailty in Botswana, a sub-Saharan Africa setting. Fifty persons living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and fifty HIV seronegative control participants are enrolled in Botswana. Sleep quality is scored subjectively as "good" or "poor" based on self-report. A frailty index (FI) is constructed based on thirty-three health deficits related to body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, emotional status, and fatigue, and scored ranging between 0 (no deficit present) and 1 (all deficits present). Sleep quality between PLWH and controls is compared using logistic regression; linear regression is performed to compare the FI between them. Linear regressions are performed to examine the association between the FI and sleep quality stratified by HIV serostatus. Age, sex, and comorbidities are adjusted; when relevant, CD4 cell and ART duration are controlled. PLWH display 2.88 (95% CI: 1.22-6.79, p = 0.02) higher odds of having poor sleep than controls. Having poor sleep is associated with increased FI in PLWH but not in controls. Specifically, compared with PLWH who have good sleep, PLWH who report poor sleep have a > 1 standard deviation (p < 0.0001) increase in their FI score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Kun Hu
- Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Peng Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital
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Uygur H, Tekdemir R, Uygur OF, Aydin EF, Celik M, Babacan HE, Hursitoglu O. Psychometric properties of the Turkish reduced morningness and eveningness questionnaire. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:632-646. [PMID: 38629999 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2339964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 5-item Turkish Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) for the first time. The study involved 875 university students in an adaptation and validation study. Participants completed the rMEQ, MEQ, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-SF), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure, convergent validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the rMEQ were examined. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the rMEQ had a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.019). There was a significantly strong correlation between rMEQ and MEQ. In addition, we found a significantly weak correlation between rMEQ and DASS-21, ISI, BIS-SF, and OHQ-SF. The internal consistency coefficients of rMEQ were Cronbach's α = 0.706 and McDonald's ω = 0.740. The sensitivity and specificity of rMEQ were 83.3%-92.7% for morning types and 86.3%-87.3% for evening types. The Turkish rMEQ has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual's chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Uygur
- Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Tekdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Uygur
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esat Fahri Aydin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Merve Celik
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Emre Babacan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Hursitoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sular Academy Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Li W, Tiedt S, Lawrence JH, Harrington ME, Musiek ES, Lo EH. Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit. Circ Res 2024; 134:748-769. [PMID: 38484026 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.T.)
| | - Jennifer H Lawrence
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Mary E Harrington
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA (M.E.H.)
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
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5
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Zhu X, Maier G, Panda S. Learning from circadian rhythm to transform cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship care. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:196-207. [PMID: 38001006 PMCID: PMC10939944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping mechanisms and cell cycle regulation share thematic biological principles in responding to signals, repairing cellular damage, coordinating metabolism, and allocating cellular resources for optimal function. Recent studies show interactions between cell cycle regulators and circadian clock components, offering insights into potential cancer treatment approaches. Understanding circadian control of metabolism informs timing for therapies to reduce adverse effects and enhance treatment efficacy. Circadian adaptability to lifestyle factors, such as activity, sleep, and nutrition sheds light on their impact on cancer. Leveraging circadian regulatory mechanisms for cancer prevention and care is vital, as most risk stems from modifiable lifestyles. Monitoring circadian factors aids risk assessment and targeted interventions across the cancer care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Geraldine Maier
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Meyer N, Lok R, Schmidt C, Kyle SD, McClung CA, Cajochen C, Scheer FAJL, Jones MW, Chellappa SL. The sleep-circadian interface: A window into mental disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2214756121. [PMID: 38394243 PMCID: PMC10907245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214756121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health are reciprocally interlinked. Disruption to the quality, continuity, and timing of sleep can precipitate or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms in susceptible individuals, while treatments that target sleep-circadian disturbances can alleviate psychopathology. Conversely, psychiatric symptoms can reciprocally exacerbate poor sleep and disrupt clock-controlled processes. Despite progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms, a cohesive approach that integrates the dynamic interactions between psychiatric disorder with both sleep and circadian processes is lacking. This review synthesizes recent evidence for sleep-circadian dysfunction as a transdiagnostic contributor to a range of psychiatric disorders, with an emphasis on biological mechanisms. We highlight observations from adolescent and young adults, who are at greatest risk of developing mental disorders, and for whom early detection and intervention promise the greatest benefit. In particular, we aim to a) integrate sleep and circadian factors implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood, anxiety, and psychosis spectrum disorders, with a transdiagnostic perspective; b) highlight the need to reframe existing knowledge and adopt an integrated approach which recognizes the interaction between sleep and circadian factors; and c) identify important gaps and opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Meyer
- Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, LondonWC1N 3HR, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Sleep & Chronobiology Group, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Speech and Language, University of Liège, Liège4000, Belgium
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15219
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Department for Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, BaselCH-4002, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, BaselCH-4055, Switzerland
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Matthew W. Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Chellappa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Zhong Z, Tan X, An X, Li J, Cai J, Jiang Y, Taufique SKT, Li B, Shi Q, Zhao M, Wang Y, Luo Q, Wang H. Administration of blue light in the morning and no blue-ray light in the evening improves the circadian functions of non-24-hour shift workers. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:267-282. [PMID: 38267234 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2305218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In modern 24-hour society, various round-the-clock services have entailed shift work, resulting in non-24-hour schedules. However, the extent of behavioral and physiological alterations by non-24-hour schedules remains unclear, and particularly, effective interventions to restore the circadian functions of non-24-hour shift workers are rarely explored. In this study, we investigate the effects of a simulated non-24-hour military shift work schedule on daily rhythms and sleep, and establish an intervention measure to restore the circadian functions of non-24-hour shift workers. The three stages of experiments were conducted. The stage-one experiment was to establish a comprehensive evaluation index of the circadian rhythms and sleep for all 60 participants by analyzing wristwatch-recorded physiological parameters and sleep. The stage-two experiment evaluated the effects of an intervention strategy on physiological rhythms and sleep. The stage-three experiment was to examine the participants' physiological and behavioral disturbances under the simulated non-24-hour military shift work schedule and their improvements by the optimal lighting apparatus. We found that wristwatch-recorded physiological parameters display robust rhythmicity, and the phases of systolic blood pressures and heart rates can be used as reliable estimators for the human body time. The simulated non-24-hour military shift work schedule significantly disrupts the daily rhythms of oxygen saturation levels, blood pressures, heart rates, and reduces sleep quality. Administration of blue light in the morning and no blue-ray light in the evening improves the amplitude and synchronization of daily rhythms of the non-24-hour participants. These findings demonstrate the harmful consequences of the non-24-hour shift work schedule and provide a non-invasive strategy to improve the well-being and work efficiency of the non-24-hour shift population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingna An
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunchun Jiang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - S K Tahajjul Taufique
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Li
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Naval Medical Center, PLA Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Dijk DJ, Skeldon AC. On the need for mathematical models for integration of sleep, circadian, and environmental science for sleep health policies. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S22-S24. [PMID: 38290876 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Anne C Skeldon
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College London, London, UK and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Zimberg IZ, Ftouni S, Magee M, Ferguson SA, Lockley SW, Rajaratnam SMW, Sletten TL. Circadian adaptation to night shift work is associated with higher REM sleep duration. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S112-S120. [PMID: 37914630 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the degree of circadian adaptation to night work on sleep architecture following night shift. METHODS Thirty four night workers (11 females; 33.8 ± 10.1years) completed a simulated night shift following 2-7 typical night shifts. Participants completed a laboratory-based simulated night shift (21:00-07:00 hours), followed by a recovery sleep opportunity (∼09:00-17:00 hours), recorded using polysomnography. Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) rhythm acrophase was used as a marker of circadian phase. Sleep duration and architecture were compared between individuals with aMT6s acrophase before (unadapted group, n = 22) or after (partially adapted group, n = 12) bedtime. RESULTS Bedtime occurred on average 2.16 hours before aMT6s acrophase in the partially adapted group and 3.91 hours after acrophase in the unadapted group. The partially adapted group had more sleep during the week before the simulated night than the unadapted group (6.47 ± 1.02 vs. 5.26 ± 1.48 hours, p = .02). After the simulated night shift, both groups had similar total sleep time (partially adapted: 6.68 ± 0.80 hours, unadapted: 6.63 ± 0.88 hours, p > .05). The partially adapted group had longer total rapid eye movement sleep duration than the unadapted group (106.79 ± 32.05 minutes vs. 77.90 ± 28.86 minutes, p = .01). After 5-hours, rapid eye movement sleep accumulation was higher in the partially adapted compared to the unadapted group (p = .02). Sleep latency and other stages were not affected by circadian adaptation. DISCUSSION Partial circadian adaptation to night shift was associated with longer rapid eye movement sleep duration during daytime sleep, highlighting the influence of entrainment between the sleep-wake cycle and the circadian pacemaker in night workers. The findings have important implications for sleep and subsequent alertness associated with shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Z Zimberg
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Ftouni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Magee
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Goodwood, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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McCullar KS, Abbaspour S, Wang W, Aguirre AD, Westover MB, Klerman EB. Timing of diuretic administration effects on urine volume in hospitalized patients. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1208324. [PMID: 38321985 PMCID: PMC10844419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1208324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance: Some medications have effects that depend on the time of day they are given. Current knowledge of the time-of-day effects of specific medications in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease is very limited. In hospitalized patients, increased medication efficiency might reduce dose (and associated side effects) and/or the length of time in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or hospital-potentially improving patient outcomes and patient and family quality of life and reducing financial costs. We studied whether the time of day or night patients in Cardiac or Intensive Care Units receive a diuretic affects urine volume. Methods: In this observational study, data were collected from 7,685 patients (63% male, 18 to 98 years old) admitted to one hospital's Acute Care Cardiac units, Cardiac ICUs, Cardiac Surgery ICUs, and/or Non-cardiac ICUs who received intravenous furosemide (a diuretic), had measurements of urine volume, were hospitalized for ≥3 days between January 2016 to July 2021 and were older than 18 years. The outcomes of interest were urine volume normalized by the most recent (not older than 24 h) weight or body mass index (BMI), (i) in the hour after the time of diuretic administration, and (ii) when no diuretics were administered for the previous 3 h. Results: We identified diuretic medication administration time 23:00-04:59 as a predictor of higher urine volume response. For patients without recent diuretic medication, higher urine volume was predicted 11:00-16:59 and 17:00-22:59. Other factors that affected urine volume response to the diuretic were sex, age, medication dose, creatinine concentration, diagnoses, and hospital unit. Discussion: Time-of-day of medication administration may be a factor associated with increased medication efficiency. Randomized controlled trials should be conducted to quantify the relative effect of modifiable factors, such as time of medication administration, that may affect short- and longer-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. McCullar
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Abbaspour
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aaron D. Aguirre
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M. Brandon Westover
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Mat A, Vu HH, Wolf E, Tessmar-Raible K. All Light, Everywhere? Photoreceptors at Nonconventional Sites. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37905983 PMCID: PMC11283901 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest environmental alterations we have made to our species is the change in the exposure to light. During the day, we typically sit behind glass windows illuminated by artificial light that is >400 times dimmer and has a very different spectrum than natural daylight. On the opposite end are the nights that are now lit up by several orders of magnitude. This review aims to provide food for thought as to why this matters for humans and other animals. Evidence from behavioral neuroscience, physiology, chronobiology, and molecular biology is increasingly converging on the conclusions that the biological nonvisual functions of light and photosensory molecules are highly complex. The initial work of von Frisch on extraocular photoreceptors in fish, the identification of rhodopsins as the molecular light receptors in animal eyes and eye-like structures and cryptochromes as light sensors in nonmammalian chronobiology, still allowed for the impression that light reception would be a relatively restricted, localized sense in most animals. However, light-sensitive processes and/or sensory proteins have now been localized to many different cell types and tissues. It might be necessary to consider nonlight-responding cells as the exception, rather than the rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mat
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- VIPS2, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hong Ha Vu
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Sleep deprivation in development of obesity, effects on appetite regulation, energy metabolism, and dietary choices. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37905402 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, which is a decrease in duration and quality of sleep, is a common problem in today's life. Epidemiological and interventional investigations have suggested a link between sleep deprivation and overweight/obesity. Sleep deprivation affects homeostatic and non-homoeostatic regulation of appetite, with the food reward system playing a dominant role. Factors such as sex and weight status affect this regulation; men and individuals with excess weight seem to be more sensitive to reward-driven and hedonistic regulation of food intake. Sleep deprivation may also affect weight through affecting physical activity and energy expenditure. In addition, sleep deprivation influences food selection and eating behaviours, which are mainly managed by the food reward system. Sleep-deprived individuals mostly crave for palatable energy-dense foods and have low desire for fruit and vegetables. Consumption of meals may not change but energy intake from snacks increases. The individuals have more desire for snacks with high sugar and saturated fat content. The relationship between sleep and the diet is mutual, implying that diet and eating behaviours also affect sleep duration and quality. Consuming healthy diets containing fruit and vegetables and food sources of protein and unsaturated fats and low quantities of saturated fat and sugar may be used as a diet strategy to improve sleep. Since the effects of sleep deficiency differ between animals and humans, only evidence from human subject studies has been included, controversies are discussed and the need for future investigations is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Roberto DMT, Pereira LJ, Vieira FGK, Di Pietro PF, de Assis MAA, Hinnig PDF. Association between Sleep Timing, Being Overweight and Meal and Snack Consumption in Children and Adolescents in Southern Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6791. [PMID: 37754650 PMCID: PMC10531239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Sleep timing is one of the dimensions of sleep that refers to the time of day when sleep occurs. It has been included in sleep-related research because of the potential associations between being overweight and the consumption of meals and snacks. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate associations between sleep timing, meal and snack consumption and weight status in 1333 schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. The midpoint of sleep was used as a sleep timing measure obtained by the midpoint between bedtime and wake-up time, classified as Early, Intermediate, and Late. Schoolchildren in the Early group were less likely to be overweight (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.69; 0.99), and had higher odds of mid-morning snack consumption (OR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.56; 2.44) and lower probability to consume an evening snack (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.59; 0.94) compared with the Intermediate group. The Late group had lower odds of mid-morning snack consumption (OR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.55, 0.80) than the Intermediate group. The consumption of mid-morning and evening snacks was associated with the Early and Late midpoints of sleep. These results suggest that bedtime and wake-up time are relevant to consuming meals and snacks and may also be related to a greater probability of being overweight in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
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14
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Takahashi M, Fukazawa M, Tahara Y, Kim HK, Tanisawa K, Ito T, Nakaoka T, Higuchi M, Shibata S. Association between circadian clock gene expressions and meal timing in young and older adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1235-1243. [PMID: 37722714 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a decline in circadian clock systems, which correlates with the development of ageing-associated diseases. Chrononutrition is a field of chronobiology that examines the relationship between the timing of meal/nutrition and circadian clock systems. Although there is growing evidence regarding the role of chrononutrition in the prevention of lifestyle and ageing-related diseases, the optimal timing of meal intake to regulate the circadian clock in humans remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clock gene expression and meal timing in young and older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 51 healthy young men and 35 healthy older men (age, mean±standard deviation: 24 ± 4 and 70 ± 4 y, respectively). Under daily living conditions, beard follicle cells were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period to evaluate clock gene expression. Participants were asked to record the timing of habitual sleep and wake-up, breakfast, lunch, and dinner. From these data, we calculated "From bedtime to breakfast time," "From wake up to first meal time," and "From dinner to bed time." NR1D1 and PER3 expressions in older adults at 06:00 h were significantly higher than those in young adults (P = 0.001). There were significant differences in the peak time for NR1D2 (P = 0.003) and PER3 (P = 0.049) expression between young and older adults. "From bedtime to breakfast time" was significantly longer in older adults than in young adults. In contrast, "From dinner to bed time" was significantly shorter in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, higher rhythmicity of NR1D1 correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" (r = -0.470, P = 0.002) and shorter "From wake up to first meal time" in young adults (r = 0.302, P = 0.032). Higher rhythmicity of PER3 correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" in older adults (r = -0.342, P = 0.045). These results suggest that the peak time of clock gene expression in older adults may be phase-advanced compared to that in young adults. In addition, a longer fasting duration from bedtime to breakfast in both young and older adults and earlier intake of meals after waking up in young adults may correlate with robust clock gene expression rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Fukazawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakaoka
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Kurtović A, Talapko J, Bekić S, Škrlec I. The Relationship between Sleep, Chronotype, and Dental Caries-A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:295-312. [PMID: 37218869 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of how sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances mutually influence the occurrence of dental caries and how it is possible to reduce the risk of circadian rhythm disturbances, sleep, and associated adverse effects. Dental caries is a global problem worldwide that contributes to sociological limitations. Numerous factors influence the occurrence of dental caries, from socioeconomic factors to cariogenic bacteria, dietary habits, and oral hygiene. However, sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disturbances represent a new approach in the fight against the increasing prevalence of dental caries worldwide. Bacteria in the oral cavity and the oral microbiome are mainly responsible for the development of caries, and saliva plays an important role in their regulation. The circadian rhythm regulates numerous physiological functions, including sleep and saliva production. Disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms affect saliva production, which impacts the development of dental caries, as saliva is necessary for regulating and maintaining oral health, especially for controlling oral infections. A person's preference for a particular time of day depends on the circadian rhythm called chronotype. Individuals with an evening chronotype have a less healthy lifestyle that can lead to a higher caries risk than individuals with a morning chronotype. Because circadian rhythms are critical to maintaining sleep homeostasis and oral health, sleep disturbances can disrupt circadian rhythms and lead to a vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Kurtović
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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16
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Otsuka K, Murakami S, Okajima K, Shibata K, Kubo Y, Gubin DG, Beaty LA, Cornelissen G. Appropriate Circadian-Circasemidian Coupling Protects Blood Pressure from Morning Surge and Promotes Human Resilience and Wellbeing. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:755-769. [PMID: 37193339 PMCID: PMC10183193 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s398957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood pressure (BP) variability is involved in the appraisal of threat and safety, and can serve as a potential marker of psychological resilience against stress. The relationship between biological rhythms of BP and resilience was cross-sectionally assessed by 7-day/24-hour chronobiologic screening in a rural Japanese community (Tosa), with focus on the 12-hour component and the "circadian-circasemidian coupling" of systolic (S) BP. Subjects and Methods Tosa residents (N = 239, 147 women, 23-74 years), free of anti-hypertensive medication, completed 7-day/24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. The circadian-circasemidian coupling was determined individually by computing the difference between the circadian phase and the circasemidian morning-phase of SBP. Participants were classified into three groups: those with a short coupling interval of about 4.5 hours (Group A), those with an intermediate coupling interval of about 6.0 hours (Group B), and those with a long coupling interval of about 8.0 hours (Group C). Results Residents of Group B who showed optimal circadian-circasemidian coordination had less pronounced morning and evening SBP surges, as compared to residents of Group A (10.82 vs 14.29 mmHg, P < 0.0001) and Group C (11.86 vs 15.21 mmHg, P < 0.0001), respectively. The incidence of morning or evening SBP surge was less in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.0001) or Group C (P < 0.0001). Group B residents showed highest measures of wellbeing and psychological resilience, assessed by good relation with friends (P < 0.05), life satisfaction (P < 0.05), and subjective happiness (P < 0.05). A disturbed circadian-circasemidian coupling was associated with elevated BP, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis and a depressive mood. Conclusion The circadian-circasemidian coupling of SBP could serve as a new biomarker in clinical practice to guide precision medicine interventions aimed at achieving properly timed rhythms, and thereby resilience and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Otsuka
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shougo Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Soseikai General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okajima
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Higashi Omiya General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Kubo
- Department of Medicine, Machida Keisen Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denis G Gubin
- Laboratory for Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Research Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technologies, Medical University, Tyumen, 625023, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical University, Tyumen, 625023, Russia
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larry A Beaty
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Fan Y, Lu J, Fan J, Guan S. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol caused lipid droplets accumulation by suppressing neutral lipases via BMAL1 in hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113670. [PMID: 36805544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm regulates body physiology and metabolism to adapt to the external environment. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is a food pollutant formed during food processing. Our study explored whether toxicity of 1,3-DCP was related to circadian rhythm. We discovered that 1,3-DCP caused lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation via suppression of neutral lipases ATGL and HSL in mice liver and HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, 1,3-DCP caused rhythmic disruption of key circadian rhythm molecules BMAL1/CLOCK at protein and mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. Studies have shown that BMAL1 regulates PPARα by binding to the promoter E-box. 1,3-DCP inhibited PPARα expression. A PPARα activator WY-14643 up-regulated ATGL and HSL expression. BMAL1 overexpression up-regulated PPARα, ATGL and HSL expression. WY-14643 or BMAL1 overexpression attenuated 1,3-DCP-caused LDs accumulation in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that 1,3-DCP caused LDs accumulation by neutral lipases suppression via inhibiting key circadian rhythm protein BMAL1, indicating that circadian rhythm can be related to the regulation of LDs accumulation caused by 1,3-DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Karthikeyan R, Davies WI, Gunhaga L. Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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19
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Klerman EB, Kramer A, Zee PC. From Bench to Bedside and Back Again: Translating Circadian Science to Medicine. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:125-130. [PMID: 36583523 PMCID: PMC10038822 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221142743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Achim Kramer
- Division of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Šmon J, Kočar E, Pintar T, Dolenc-Grošelj L, Rozman D. Is obstructive sleep apnea a circadian rhythm disorder? J Sleep Res 2023:e13875. [PMID: 36922163 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder worldwide and remains underdiagnosed. Its multiple associated comorbidities contribute to a decreased quality of life and work performance as well as an increased risk of death. Standard treatment seems to have limited effects on cardiovascular and metabolic aspects of the disease, emphasising the need for early diagnosis and additional therapeutic approaches. Recent evidence suggests that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms, processes with endogenous rhythmicity that are adjusted to the environment through various cues, is involved in the pathogenesis of comorbidities. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, altered circadian gene expression patterns have been demonstrated. Obstructive respiratory events may promote circadian dysregulation through the effects of sleep disturbance and intermittent hypoxia, with subsequent inflammation and disruption of neural and hormonal homeostasis. In this review, current knowledge on obstructive sleep apnea, circadian rhythm regulation, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders is summarised. Studies that connect obstructive sleep apnea to circadian rhythm abnormalities are critically evaluated. Furthermore, pathogenetic mechanisms that may underlie this association, most notably hypoxia signalling, are presented. A bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and circadian rhythm dysregulation is proposed. Approaching obstructive sleep apnea as a circadian rhythm disorder may prove beneficial for the development of new, personalised diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic tools. However, further studies are needed before the clinical approach to obstructive sleep apnea includes targeting the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Šmon
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Kočar
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leja Dolenc-Grošelj
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Dakanalis A, Vasios GK, Voulgaridou G, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. Evaluating the Relationship between Circadian Rhythms and Sleep, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders: Current Clinical Evidence in Human Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 36984810 PMCID: PMC10057970 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian clock, a self-sustained internal timing system that exhibits 24-h rhythms in the body. Many metabolic, cellular, behavioral and physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock in coordination with environmental cues. The present study is a comprehensive review of the currently existing evidence concerning the relationship between circadian rhythms and sleep, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. We thoroughly searched the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find the existing clinical studies from the last twenty-three years (2000-2023). Circadian misalignment was found to be associated with an increase in the risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, as well as inadequate sleep quality. In this review article, all the included studies had a strength protocol design and all of them were conducted on humans. However, the most common limitations of them were the small sample size and the short time of the intervention. In conclusion, managing the factors that disrupt the optimal function of central and peripheral clocks can help to reduce the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, improving also sleep quality. Future studies should further explore the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections between circadian clocks and sleep, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. This may provide new opportunities for advance chronotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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22
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Klerman EB, Brager A, Carskadon MA, Depner CM, Foster R, Goel N, Harrington M, Holloway PM, Knauert MP, LeBourgeois MK, Lipton J, Merrow M, Montagnese S, Ning M, Ray D, Scheer FAJL, Shea SA, Skene DJ, Spies C, Staels B, St‐Onge M, Tiedt S, Zee PC, Burgess HJ. Keeping an eye on circadian time in clinical research and medicine. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1131. [PMID: 36567263 PMCID: PMC9790849 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms. CONTENT The goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects of physiology. By specifying minimal experimental conditions for studies, we aim to improve the quality, reliability and interpretability of research into circadian and daily (i.e., time-of-day) rhythms and facilitate the interpretation of clinical and translational findings within the context of human circadian rhythms. We describe protocols, variables and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms, including how to assess the relative contributions of the endogenous circadian system and other daily patterns in behaviours or the environment. We conclude with recommendations for protocols, variables, analyses, definitions and examples of circadian terminology. CONCLUSION Although circadian rhythms and daily effects on health outcomes can be challenging to distinguish in practice, this distinction may be important in many clinical settings. Identifying and targeting the appropriate underlying (patho)physiology is a medical goal. This review provides methods for identifying circadian effects to aid in the interpretation of published work and the inclusion of circadian factors in clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Allison Brager
- PlansAnalysis, and FuturesJohn F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and SchoolFort BraggNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mary A. Carskadon
- Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorEP Bradley HospitalChronobiology and Sleep ResearchProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | | | - Russell Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research LaboratoryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mary Harrington
- Neuroscience ProgramSmith CollegeNorthamptonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Melissa P. Knauert
- Section of PulmonaryCritical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Monique K. LeBourgeois
- Sleep and Development LaboratoryDepartment of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Jonathan Lipton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Kirby Neurobiology CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical PsychologyFaculty of MedicineLMUMunichGermany
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- ChronobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Mingming Ning
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio‐Neurology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Medical Chronobiology ProgramDivision of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartments of Medicine and NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health SciencesOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Debra J. Skene
- ChronobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité – Universitaetsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bart Staels
- UnivLilleInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge
- Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchUniversity HospitalLMUMunichGermany
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineDivision of Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research LaboratoryDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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