1
|
Becerra Calderon A, Shroff UN, Deepak S, Izuhara A, Trogen G, McDonough AA, Gurley SB, Nelson JW, Peti-Peterdi J, Gyarmati G. Angiotensin II Directly Increases Endothelial Calcium and Nitric Oxide in Kidney and Brain Microvessels In Vivo With Reduced Efficacy in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033998. [PMID: 38726925 PMCID: PMC11179802 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II via type 1 angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells are well established, but the direct effects of angiotensin II on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vivo and the mechanisms how VECs may mitigate angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance of the direct actions of angiotensin II on VECs in kidney and brain microvessels in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in VEC intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and nitric oxide (NO) production were visualized by intravital multiphoton microscopy of cadherin 5-Salsa6f mice or the endothelial uptake of NO-sensitive dye 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate, respectively. Kidney fibrosis by unilateral ureteral obstruction and Ready-to-use adeno-associated virus expressing Mouse Renin 1 gene (Ren1-AAV) hypertension were used as disease models. Acute systemic angiotensin II injections triggered >4-fold increases in VEC [Ca2+]i in brain and kidney resistance arterioles and capillaries that were blocked by pretreatment with the type 1 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor losartan, but not by the type 2 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor PD123319. VEC responded to acute angiotensin II by increased NO production as indicated by >1.5-fold increase in 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity. In mice with kidney fibrosis or hypertension, the angiotensin II-induced VEC [Ca2+]i and NO responses were significantly reduced, which was associated with more robust vasoconstrictions, VEC shedding, and microthrombi formation. CONCLUSIONS The present study directly visualized angiotensin II-induced increases in VEC [Ca2+]i and NO production that serve to counterbalance agonist-induced vasoconstriction and maintain residual organ blood flow. These direct and endothelium-specific angiotensin II effects were blunted in disease conditions and linked to endothelial dysfunction and the development of vascular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Becerra Calderon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Urvi Nikhil Shroff
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Sachin Deepak
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Audrey Izuhara
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Greta Trogen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Department of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- Department of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - János Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Department of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanaka LY, Kumar S, Gutierre LF, Magnun C, Kajihara D, Kang DW, Laurindo FRM, Jo H. Disturbed flow regulates protein disulfide isomerase A1 expression via microRNA-204. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1327794. [PMID: 38638277 PMCID: PMC11024637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1327794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox processes can modulate vascular pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is overexpressed during vascular proliferative diseases, regulating thrombus formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation, and structural remodeling. However, both protective and deleterious vascular effects have been reported for PDIA1, depending on the cell type and underlying vascular condition. Further understanding of this question is hampered by the poorly studied mechanisms underlying PDIA1 expression regulation. Here, we showed that PDIA1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated (average 5-fold) in the intima and media/adventitia following partial carotid ligation (PCL). Our search identified that miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p (miR-204/211), two broadly conserved miRNAs, share PDIA1 as a potential target. MiR-204/211 was downregulated in vascular layers following PCL. In isolated endothelial cells, gain-of-function experiments of miR-204 with miR mimic decreased PDIA1 mRNA while having negligible effects on markers of endothelial activation/stress response. Similar effects were observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, PDIA1 downregulation by miR-204 decreased levels of the VSMC contractile differentiation markers. In addition, PDIA1 overexpression prevented VSMC dedifferentiation by miR-204. Collectively, we report a new mechanism for PDIA1 regulation through miR-204 and identify its relevance in a model of vascular disease playing a role in VSMC differentiation. This mechanism may be regulated in distinct stages of atherosclerosis and provide a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y. Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lucas F. Gutierre
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Magnun
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kij A, Bar A, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Przyborowski K, Proniewski B, Mateuszuk L, Kurylowicz Z, Jasztal A, Buczek E, Kurpinska A, Suraj-Prazmowska J, Marczyk B, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Daiber A, Oelze M, Walczak M, Chlopicki S. Vascular protein disulfide isomerase A1 mediates endothelial dysfunction induced by angiotensin II in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14116. [PMID: 38400621 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are involved in platelet aggregation and intravascular thrombosis, but their role in regulating endothelial function is unclear. Here, we characterized the involvement of vascular PDIA1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. METHODS Endothelial dysfunction was induced in C57BL/6JCmd male mice via Ang II subcutaneous infusion, and PDIA1 was inhibited with bepristat. Endothelial function was assessed in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo with a myography, while arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was measured in the aorta (spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance) and plasma (NO2 - and NO3 - levels). Oxidative stress, eNOS uncoupling (DHE-based aorta staining), and thrombin activity (thrombin-antithrombin complex; calibrated automated thrombography) were evaluated. RESULTS The inhibition of PDIA1 by bepristat in Ang II-treated mice prevented the impairment of NO-dependent vasodilation in the aorta as evidenced by the response to acetylcholine in vivo, increased systemic NO bioavailability and the aortic NO production, and decreased vascular stiffness. Bepristat's effect on NO-dependent function was recapitulated ex vivo in Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction in isolated aorta. Furthermore, bepristat diminished the Ang II-induced eNOS uncoupling and overproduction of ROS without affecting thrombin activity. CONCLUSION In Ang II-treated mice, the inhibition of PDIA1 normalized the NO-ROS balance, prevented endothelial eNOS uncoupling, and, thereby, improved vascular function. These results indicate the importance of vascular PDIA1 in regulating endothelial function, but further studies are needed to elucidate the details of the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kurylowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prazmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Andreas Daiber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, The Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, The Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Walczak
- Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo S, Ye D, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Xie L, Ji Y. Roles of Protein S-Nitrosylation in Endothelial Homeostasis and Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:186-205. [PMID: 37742108 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nitric oxide (NO) plays several distinct roles in endothelial homeostasis. Except for activating the guanylyl cyclase enzyme-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway, NO can bind reactive cysteine residues in target proteins, a process known as S-nitrosylation (SNO). SNO is proposed to explain the multiple biological functions of NO in the endothelium. Investigating the targets and mechanism of protein SNO in endothelial cells (ECs) can provide new strategies for treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Recent Advances: In response to different environments, proteomics has identified multiple SNO targets in ECs. Functional studies confirm that SNO regulates NO bioavailability, inflammation, permeability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity in ECs. It also influences EC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. Critical Issues: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of ECs isolated from different mouse tissues showed heterogeneous gene signatures. However, litter research focuses on the heterogeneous properties of SNO proteins in ECs derived from different tissues. Although metabolism reprogramming plays a vital role in endothelial functions, little is known about how protein SNO regulates metabolism reprogramming in ECs. Future Directions: Precisely deciphering the effects of protein SNO in ECs isolated from different tissues under different conditions is necessary to further characterize the relationship between protein SNO and endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. In addition, identifying SNO targets that can influence endothelial metabolic reprogramming and the underlying mechanism can offer new views on the crosstalk between metabolism and post-translational protein modification. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 186-205.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nasoni MG, Crinelli R, Iuliano L, Luchetti F. When nitrosative stress hits the endoplasmic reticulum: Possible implications in oxLDL/oxysterols-induced endothelial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:178-185. [PMID: 37544487 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and oxysterols are known to play a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction (ED) by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), inflammation, and apoptosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence strongly implicates excessive nitric oxide (NO) production in the progression of various pathological conditions. The accumulation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) leading to nitrosative stress (NSS) and aberrant protein S-nitrosylation contribute to NO toxicity. Studies have highlighted the involvement of NSS and S-nitrosylation in perturbing ER signaling through the modification of ER sensors and resident isomerases in neurons. This review focuses on the existing evidence that strongly associates NO with ERS and the possible implications in the context of ED induced by oxLDL and oxysterols. The potential effects of perturbed NO synthesis on signaling effectors linking NSS with ERS in endothelial cells are discussed to provide a conceptual framework for further investigations and the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - R Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - L Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
| | - F Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang M, Smith BC. Cysteine and methionine oxidation in thrombotic disorders. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102350. [PMID: 37331217 PMCID: PMC10527720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the leading cause of death in many diseased conditions. Oxidative stress is characteristic of these conditions. Yet, the mechanisms through which oxidants become prothrombotic are unclear. Recent evidence suggests protein cysteine and methionine oxidation as prothrombotic regulators. These oxidative post-translational modifications occur on proteins that participate in the thrombotic process, including Src family kinases, protein disulfide isomerase, β2 glycoprotein I, von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen. New chemical tools to identify oxidized cysteine and methionine proteins in thrombosis and hemostasis, including carbon nucleophiles for cysteine sulfenylation and oxaziridines for methionine, are critical to understanding why clots occur during oxidative stress. These mechanisms will identify alternative or novel therapeutic approaches to treat thrombotic disorders in diseased conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang M, Chiu J, Scartelli C, Ponzar N, Patel S, Patel A, Ferreira RB, Keyes RF, Carroll KS, Pozzi N, Hogg PJ, Smith BC, Flaumenhaft R. Sulfenylation links oxidative stress to protein disulfide isomerase oxidase activity and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2137-2150. [PMID: 37037379 PMCID: PMC10657653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress contributes to thrombosis in atherosclerosis, inflammation, infection, aging, and malignancy. Oxidant-induced cysteine modifications, including sulfenylation, can act as a redox-sensitive switch that controls protein function. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a prothrombotic enzyme with exquisitely redox-sensitive active-site cysteines. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PDI is sulfenylated during oxidative stress, contributing to the prothrombotic potential of PDI. METHODS Biochemical and enzymatic assays using purified proteins, platelet and endothelial cell assays, and in vivo murine thrombosis studies were used to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in PDI sulfenylation and prothrombotic activity. RESULTS PDI exposure to oxidants resulted in the loss of PDI reductase activity and simultaneously promoted sulfenylated PDI generation. Following exposure to oxidants, sulfenylated PDI spontaneously converted to disulfided PDI. PDI oxidized in this manner was able to transfer disulfides to protein substrates. Inhibition of sulfenylation impaired disulfide formation by oxidants, indicating that sulfenylation is an intermediate during PDI oxidation. Agonist-induced activation of platelets and endothelium resulted in the release of sulfenylated PDI. PDI was also sulfenylated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). In an in vivo model of thrombus formation, oxLDL markedly promoted platelet accumulation following an arteriolar injury. PDI oxidoreductase inhibition blocked oxLDL-mediated augmentation of thrombosis. CONCLUSION PDI sulfenylation is a critical posttranslational modification that is an intermediate during disulfide PDI formation in the setting of oxidative stress. Oxidants generated by vascular cells during activation promote PDI sulfenylation, and interference with PDI during oxidative stress impairs thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina Scartelli
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Ponzar
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anika Patel
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Robert F Keyes
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian C Smith
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang YL, Liu YH, Zhu CW. Application of effective albumin concentration in treatment of chronic liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:214-220. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i6.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is a non-glycosylated plasma protein. Besides the role of increasing blood volume and maintaining plasma colloid osmotic pressure, albumin also has multiple biological functions such as transport, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, immune regulation, etc. In-depth studies on the structure and function of albumin have revealed that the post-transcriptional modification of albumin reduces the effective albumin concentration in patients with chronic liver disease, so the clinically effective albumin concentration rather than total albumin concentration can more accurately reflect the disease progression and prognosis, and more effectively guide exogenous albumin treatment in such patients. This article summarizes the clinical correlation between post-transcriptional modification of albumin and the liver and its related diseases, as well as the studies on effective albumin, in order to provide evidence-based information on effective albumin concentration and to better guide the clinical treatment of chronic liver disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu JJ, Wei YR, Ma K, Wang XQ, Gao HL. Protective Effects and Potential Mechanism of Tongxinluo on Mice with Thromboangiitis Obliterans Induced by Sodium Laurate. Chin J Integr Med 2023:10.1007/s11655-023-3630-3. [PMID: 36959433 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tongxinluo (TXL) on thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Ninety male C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table: the sham group, TAO model group, Compound Danshen Tablet (CDT) group, and the high-, medium-, and low-dose TXL groups. All mice except the sham group were injected with sodium laurate (0.1 mL, 5 mg/mL) in the femoral artery to establish TAO mouse model. After modeling, mice in the sham and TAO model groups were intragastrically administered 0.5% (w/v) sodium carboxymethylcellulose, mice in the CDT group were intragastrically administered 0.52 g/kg CDT, and mice in the TXL-H, TXL-M, and TXL-L groups were intragastrically administered 1.5, 0.75, and 0.38 g/kg TXL, respectively. After 4 weeks of gavage, the recovery of blood flow in the lower limbs of mice was detected by Laser Doppler Imaging. The pathological changes and thrombosis of the femoral artery were observed by morphological examination. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the femoral artery wall were detected by HE staining. Levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) were detected by a fully automated biochemical analyzer. RESULTS TXL promoted the restoration of blood flow in the lower limbs, reduced the area of thrombosis in the femoral artery, and alleviated the pathological changes in the femoral artery wall. Moreover, the levels of TXB2, ET-1, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS were significantly lower in the TXL groups compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the level of 6-keto-PGF1α was significantly higher (P<0.01). In addition, APTT, PT, and TT were significantly prolonged in TXL groups compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and FIB levels were significantly decreased compared with the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TXL had a protective effect on TAO mice, and the mechanism may involve inhibition of thrombosis and inflammatory responses. TXL may be a potential drug for the treatment of TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Gu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wei
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China
| | - Ku Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China
| | - Huai-Lin Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Köksal MM, Şekerler T, Çevik Ö, Şener A. Paricalcitol protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in endothelial cells through suppression of apoptosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:186-192. [PMID: 36373746 PMCID: PMC10041050 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is one of the main targets of oxidative stress which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of vascular damage. Recent studies show that vitamin D can positively regulate endothelial functions in various chronic diseases and in cases of increased oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated the restorative and protective potentials of paricalcitol which is frequently used in patients with chronic renal failure, a vitamin D analogue, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) before and after H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Paricalcitol treatment after the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 increased cell viability in endothelial cells depending on the dose that was used. While paricalcitol (500 nM) decreased caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, it increased nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Paricalcitol treatment before oxidative stress increased cell viability. It increased NO production and mitochondrial membrane potential while significantly reducing caspase-3 activity. While paricalcitol caused a significant inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) reductase activity in healthy endothelial cells, it did not cause a significant change on the PDI reductase activity under oxidative stress conditions. Present study showed that paricalcitol has restorative and protective effects on endothelial cells against oxidative injury, but these effects occur at high concentrations of paricalcitol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Murat Köksal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Turgut Şekerler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09000, Turkey
| | - Azize Şener
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fenerbahçe University, İstanbul 34758, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novel approaches to antiplatelet therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Shieh M, Ni X, Xu S, Lindahl SP, Yang M, Matsunaga T, Flaumenhaft R, Akaike T, Xian M. Shining a light on SSP4: A comprehensive analysis and biological applications for the detection of sulfane sulfurs. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102433. [PMID: 35987086 PMCID: PMC9411671 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are useful tools for the detection of sulfane sulfurs in biological systems. In this work, we report the development of SSP4, a widely used probe generated in our laboratory. We describe its evolution, preparation, and physical/chemical properties. Fluorescence analyses of SSP4 determined its high selectivity and sensitivity to sulfane sulfurs, even with the interfering presence of other species, such as amino acids and metal ions. Protocols for using SSP4 in a relatively quick and simple manner for the detection of persulfidated proteins, including papain, BSA, and GAPDH were developed. The method was then applied to human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), leading to the discovery that persulfidation can occur at PDI's non-active site cysteines, and that PDI reductase activity is affected by sulfane sulfur treatment. Protocols for using SSP4 for the bioimaging of exogenous and endogenous sulfane sulfurs in different -cell lines were also established. These results should guide further applications of SSP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meg Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Xiang Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Stephen P Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brücksken KA, Loreto Palacio P, Hanschmann EM. Thiol Modifications in the Extracellular Space—Key Proteins in Inflammation and Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932525. [PMID: 35833136 PMCID: PMC9271835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) allow to control molecular and cellular functions in response to specific signals and changes in the microenvironment of cells. They regulate structure, localization, stability, and function of proteins in a spatial and temporal manner. Among them, specific thiol modifications of cysteine (Cys) residues facilitate rapid signal transduction. In fact, Cys is unique because it contains the highly reactive thiol group that can undergo different reversible and irreversible modifications. Upon inflammation and changes in the cellular microenvironment, many extracellular soluble and membrane proteins undergo thiol modifications, particularly dithiol–disulfide exchange, S-glutathionylation, and S-nitrosylation. Among others, these thiol switches are essential for inflammatory signaling, regulation of gene expression, cytokine release, immunoglobulin function and isoform variation, and antigen presentation. Interestingly, also the redox state of bacterial and viral proteins depends on host cell-mediated redox reactions that are critical for invasion and infection. Here, we highlight mechanistic thiol switches in inflammatory pathways and infections including cholera, diphtheria, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Collapse
|
14
|
Revollo L, Merrill-Skoloff G, De Ceunynck K, Dilks JR, Guo S, Bordoli MR, Peters CG, Noetzli L, Ionescu A, Rosen V, Italiano JE, Whitman M, Flaumenhaft R. The secreted tyrosine kinase VLK is essential for normal platelet activation and thrombus formation. Blood 2022; 139:104-117. [PMID: 34329392 PMCID: PMC8718620 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular proteins is observed in cell cultures and in vivo, but little is known about the functional roles of tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular proteins. Vertebrate lonesome kinase (VLK) is a broadly expressed secretory pathway tyrosine kinase present in platelet α-granules. It is released from platelets upon activation and phosphorylates substrates extracellularly. Its role in platelet function, however, has not been previously studied. In human platelets, we identified phosphorylated tyrosines mapped to luminal or extracellular domains of transmembrane and secreted proteins implicated in the regulation of platelet activation. To determine the role of VLK in extracellular tyrosine phosphorylation and platelet function, we generated mice with a megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deficiency of VLK. Platelets from these mice are normal in abundance and morphology but have significant changes in function both in vitro and in vivo. Resting and thrombin-stimulated VLK-deficient platelets exhibit a significant decrease in several tyrosine phosphobands. Results of functional testing of VLK-deficient platelets show decreased protease-activated receptor 4-mediated and collagen-mediated platelet aggregation but normal responses to adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Dense granule and α-granule release are reduced in these platelets. Furthermore, VLK-deficient platelets exhibit decreased protease-activated receptor 4-mediated Akt (S473) and Erk1/2 (T202/Y204) phosphorylation, indicating altered proximal signaling. In vivo, mice lacking VLK in megakaryocytes/platelets display strongly reduced platelet accumulation and fibrin formation after laser-induced injury of cremaster arterioles compared with control mice but with normal bleeding times. These studies show that the secretory pathway tyrosine kinase VLK is critical for stimulus-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation, providing the first evidence that a secreted protein kinase is required for normal platelet function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Revollo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Glenn Merrill-Skoloff
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen De Ceunynck
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James R Dilks
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shihui Guo
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mattia R Bordoli
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Christian G Peters
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leila Noetzli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | | | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Malcolm Whitman
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular proteins is observed in cell cultures and in vivo, but little is known about the functional roles of tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular proteins. Vertebrate lonesome kinase (VLK) is a broadly expressed secretory pathway tyrosine kinase present in platelet α-granules. It is released from platelets upon activation and phosphorylates substrates extracellularly. Its role in platelet function, however, has not been previously studied. In human platelets, we identified phosphorylated tyrosines mapped to luminal or extracellular domains of transmembrane and secreted proteins implicated in the regulation of platelet activation. To determine the role of VLK in extracellular tyrosine phosphorylation and platelet function, we generated mice with a megakaryocyte/platelet-specific deficiency of VLK. Platelets from these mice are normal in abundance and morphology but have significant changes in function both in vitro and in vivo. Resting and thrombin-stimulated VLK-deficient platelets exhibit a significant decrease in several tyrosine phosphobands. Results of functional testing of VLK-deficient platelets show decreased protease-activated receptor 4-mediated and collagen-mediated platelet aggregation but normal responses to adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Dense granule and α-granule release are reduced in these platelets. Furthermore, VLK-deficient platelets exhibit decreased protease-activated receptor 4-mediated Akt (S473) and Erk1/2 (T202/Y204) phosphorylation, indicating altered proximal signaling. In vivo, mice lacking VLK in megakaryocytes/platelets display strongly reduced platelet accumulation and fibrin formation after laser-induced injury of cremaster arterioles compared with control mice but with normal bleeding times. These studies show that the secretory pathway tyrosine kinase VLK is critical for stimulus-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation, providing the first evidence that a secreted protein kinase is required for normal platelet function.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang M, Flaumenhaft R. Oxidative Cysteine Modification of Thiol Isomerases in Thrombotic Disease: A Hypothesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1134-1155. [PMID: 34121445 PMCID: PMC8817710 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress is a characteristic of many systemic diseases associated with thrombosis. Thiol isomerases are a family of oxidoreductases important in protein folding and are exquisitely sensitive to the redox environment. They are essential for thrombus formation and represent a previously unrecognized layer of control of the thrombotic process. Yet, the mechanisms by which thiol isomerases function in thrombus formation are unknown. Recent Advances: The oxidoreductase activity of thiol isomerases in thrombus formation is controlled by the redox environment via oxidative changes to active site cysteines. Specific alterations can now be detected owing to advances in the chemical biology of oxidative cysteine modifications. Critical Issues: Understanding of the role of thiol isomerases in thrombus formation has focused largely on identifying single disulfide bond modifications in isolated proteins (e.g., αIIbβ3, tissue factor, vitronectin, or glycoprotein Ibα [GPIbα]). An alternative approach is to conceptualize thiol isomerases as effectors in redox signaling pathways that control thrombotic potential by modifying substrate networks. Future Directions: Cysteine-based chemical biology will be employed to study thiol-dependent dynamics mediated by the redox state of thiol isomerases at the systems level. This approach could identify thiol isomerase-dependent modifications of the disulfide landscape that are prothrombotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Significance: Since protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was first described in 1963, researchers have shown conclusively that PDI and sibling proteins are quintessential for thrombus formation. PDI, endoplasmic reticulum protein (ERp)5, ERp57, and ERp72 are released from platelets and vascular cells and interact with integrin αIIbβ3 on the outer surface of platelets. Recent Advances: At the cell surface they influence protein folding and function, propagating thrombosis and maintaining hemostasis. TMX1, which is a transmembrane thiol isomerase, is the first family member shown to negatively regulate platelets. Targets of thiol isomerases have been identified, including integrin α2β1, Von Willebrand Factor, GpIbα, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)-1, Nox-2, and tissue factor, all of which are pro-thrombotic, and several of which are on the cell surface. In spite of this, PDI can paradoxically catalyze the delivery of nitric oxide to platelets, which decrease thrombus formation. Critical Issues: Although the overall effect of PDI is to positively regulate platelet activation, it is still unclear how thiol isomerases function in pro-thrombotic states, such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In parallel, there has been a surge in the development of novel thiol isomerase inhibitors, which display selectivity, potency and modulate thrombosis and hemostasis. The availability of selective thiol isomerase inhibitors has culminated in clinical trials, with promising outcomes for the prevention of cancer-associated thrombosis. Future Directions: Altogether, thiol isomerases are perceived as an orchestrating force that regulates thrombus development. In the current review, we will explore the history of PDI in cardiovascular biology, detail known mechanisms of action, and summarize known thiol isomerase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Simões Gaspar
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of Nitinol on Metabolic and Coagulation Activity of Endothelial Cells Culture. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:480-482. [PMID: 34542754 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of nitinol, the most prevalent material for endovascular stents, on metabolic and coagulation activity of a primary culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Metabolic activity was evaluated using MTS-test and by the level of stable NO metabolites in the conditioned medium, coagulation activity was assessed by activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and soluble endothelial protein C receptors (sEPCR). Exposure to nitinol reduced metabolic activity of the cell culture by 11.1% in comparison with the control (p<0.001). Although absolute activity of vWF and absolute level of sEPCR were elevated, incubation with nitinol did not lead to a statistically significant elevation of these parameters in comparison with the control, which can indicate the absence of substantial hypercoagulation effects of nitinol.
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu X, Chiu J, Chen S, Fang C. Pathophysiological roles of cell surface and extracellular protein disulfide isomerase and their molecular mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2911-2930. [PMID: 33837960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the prototypic member of the thiol isomerase family that catalyses disulfide bond rearrangement. Initially identified in the endoplasmic reticulum as folding catalysts, PDI and other members in its family have also been widely reported to reside on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Although how PDI is exported and retained on the cell surface remains a subject of debate, this unique pool of PDI is developing into an important mechanism underlying the redox regulation of protein sulfhydryls that are critical for the cellular activities under various disease conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiological roles of surface and extracellular PDI and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Understanding the involvement of extracellular PDI in these diseases will advance our knowledge in the molecular aetiology to facilitate the development of novel pharmacological strategies by specifically targeting PDI in extracellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang S, Xu W, Chen Z, Cui C, Fan X, Cai J, Gong Y, Geng B. Hydrogen sulphide reduces hyperhomocysteinaemia-induced endothelial ER stress by sulfhydrating protein disulphide isomerase to attenuate atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3437-3448. [PMID: 33675119 PMCID: PMC8034471 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy)-impaired endothelial dysfunction including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a crucial role in atherogenesis. Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a metabolic production of Hcy and gasotransmitter, exhibits preventing cardiovascular damages induced by HHcy by reducing ER stress, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we made an atherosclerosis with HHcy mice model by ApoE knockout mice and feeding Pagien diet and drinking L-methionine water. H2 S donors NaHS and GYY4137 treatment lowered plaque area and ER stress in this model. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), a modulation protein folding key enzyme, was up-regulated in plaque and reduced by H2 S treatment. In cultured human aortic endothelial cells, Hcy dose and time dependently elevated PDI expression, but inhibited its activity, and which were rescued by H2 S. H2 S and its endogenous generation key enzyme-cystathionine γ lyase induced a new post-translational modification-sulfhydration of PDI. Sulfhydrated PDI enhanced its activity, and two cysteine-terminal CXXC domain of PDI was identified by site mutation. HHcy lowered PDI sulfhydration association ER stress, and H2 S rescued it but this effect was blocked by cysteine site mutation. Conclusively, we demonstrated that H2 S sulfhydrated PDI and enhanced its activity, reducing HHcy-induced endothelial ER stress to attenuate atherosclerosis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changting Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tsikas D. Extra-platelet low-molecular-mass thiols mediate the inhibitory action of S-nitrosoalbumin on human platelet aggregation via S-transnitrosylation of the platelet surface. Amino Acids 2021; 53:563-573. [PMID: 33586042 PMCID: PMC8107154 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosylation of sulfhydryl (SH) groups of cysteine (Cys) moieties is an important post-translational modification (PTM), often on a par with phosphorylation. S-Nitrosoalbumin (ALB-Cys34SNO; SNALB) in plasma and S-nitrosohemoglobin (Hb-Cysβ93SNO; HbSNO) in red blood cells are considered the most abundant high-molecular-mass pools of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in the human circulation. SNALB per se is not an NO donor. Yet, it acts as a vasodilator and an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. SNALB can be formed by nitrosation of the sole reduced Cys group of albumin (Cys34) by nitrosating species such as nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrous anhydride (N2O3), two unstable intermediates of NO autoxidation. SNALB can also be formed by the transfer (S-transnitrosylation) of the nitrosyl group (NO+) of a low-molecular-mass (LMM) S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) to ALB-Cys34SH. In the present study, the effects of LMM thiols on the inhibitory potential of ALB-Cys34SNO on human washed platelets were investigated. ALB-Cys34SNO was prepared by reacting n-butylnitrite with albumin after selective extraction from plasma of a healthy donor on HiTrapBlue Sepharose cartridges. ALB-Cys34SNO was used in platelet aggregation measurements after extended purification on HiTrapBlue Sepharose and enrichment by ultrafiltration (cutoff, 20 kDa). All tested LMM cysteinyl thiols (R-CysSH) including L-cysteine and L-homocysteine (at 10 µM) were found to mediate the collagen-induced (1 µg/mL) aggregation of human washed platelets by SNALB (range, 0-10 µM) by cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent mechanisms. The LMM thiols themselves did not affect platelet aggregation. It is assumed that the underlying mechanism involves S-transnitrosylation of SH groups of the platelet surface by LMM RSNO formed through the reaction of SNALB with the thiols: ALB-Cys34SNO + R-CysSH ↔ ALB-Cys34SH + R-CysSNO. Such S-transnitrosylation reactions may be accompanied by release of NO finally resulting in cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lokhande AS, Devarajan PV. A review on possible mechanistic insights of Nitazoxanide for repurposing in COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173748. [PMID: 33227285 PMCID: PMC7678434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought the world to a grinding halt. A major cause of concern is the respiratory distress associated mortality attributed to the cytokine storm. Despite myriad rapidly approved clinical trials with repurposed drugs, and time needed to develop a vaccine, accelerated search for repurposed therapeutics is still ongoing. In this review, we present Nitazoxanide a US-FDA approved antiprotozoal drug, as one such promising candidate. Nitazoxanide which is reported to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against various viral infections, revealed good in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture assays, suggesting potential for repurposing in COVID-19. Furthermore, nitazoxanide displays the potential to boost host innate immune responses and thereby tackle the life-threatening cytokine storm. Possibilities of improving lung, as well as multiple organ damage and providing value addition to COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, are other important facets of the drug. The review juxtaposes the role of nitazoxanide in fighting COVID-19 pathogenesis at multiple levels highlighting the great promise the drug exhibits. The in silico data and in vitro efficacy in cell lines confirms the promise of nitazoxanide. Several approved clinical trials world over further substantiate leveraging nitazoxanide for COVID-19 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Lokhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Y, Essex DW. Vascular thiol isomerases in thrombosis: The yin and yang. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2790-2800. [PMID: 32702157 PMCID: PMC10496414 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There has recently been considerable progress of the field of extracellular protein disulfide isomerases with vascular thiol isomerases in the forefront. Four members of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family of enzymes, PDI, ERp57, ERp72, and ERp5, have been shown to be secreted from activated platelets and endothelial cells at the site of vascular injury. Each isomerase individually supports platelet accumulation and coagulation, as indicated by multiple levels of evidence, including inhibitory antibodies, targeted knockout mice, and mutant isomerases. The transmembrane PDI family member TMX1 was recently shown to inhibit platelet function and thrombosis, demonstrating that the PDIs can have opposing functions in thrombosis. These observations provide a new concept that thiol isomerases can both positively and negatively regulate hemostasis, constituting off-on redox switches controlling activation of hemostatic factors. This redox network serves to maintain vascular homeostasis. Integrins such as the αIIbβ3 fibrinogen receptor on platelets appear to be major substrates, with the platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor, glycoprotein Ibα, as another substrate. S-nitrosylation of the prothrombotic PDIs may additionally negatively regulate platelets and thrombosis. Thiol isomerases also regulate coagulation in mouse models, and a clinical trial with the oral PDI inhibitor isoquercetin substantially decreased markers of coagulation in patients at risk for thrombosis. This review updates recent findings in the field and addresses emerging evidence that thiol/disulfide-based reactions mediated by the prothrombotic secreted PDIs are balanced by the transmembrane member of this family, TMX1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Center, Department of Medicine/Hematology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W Essex
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Center, Department of Medicine/Hematology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bray MA, Sartain SE, Gollamudi J, Rumbaut RE. Microvascular thrombosis: experimental and clinical implications. Transl Res 2020; 225:105-130. [PMID: 32454092 PMCID: PMC7245314 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A significant amount of clinical and research interest in thrombosis is focused on large vessels (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, etc.); however, thrombosis is often present in the microcirculation in a variety of significant human diseases, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic microangiopathy, sickle cell disease, and others. Further, microvascular thrombosis has recently been demonstrated in patients with COVID-19, and has been proposed to mediate the pathogenesis of organ injury in this disease. In many of these conditions, microvascular thrombosis is accompanied by inflammation, an association referred to as thromboinflammation. In this review, we discuss endogenous regulatory mechanisms that prevent thrombosis in the microcirculation, experimental approaches to induce microvascular thrombi, and clinical conditions associated with microvascular thrombosis. A greater understanding of the links between inflammation and thrombosis in the microcirculation is anticipated to provide optimal therapeutic targets for patients with diseases accompanied by microvascular thrombosis.
Collapse
Key Words
- adamts13, a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13
- ap, alternate pathway
- apc, activated protein c
- aps, antiphospholipid syndrome
- caps, catastrophic aps
- asfa, american society for apheresis
- atp, adenosine triphosphate
- cfh, complement factor h
- con a, concavalin a
- cox, cyclooxygenase
- damp, damage-associated molecular pattern
- dic, disseminated intravascular coagulation
- gbm, glomerular basement membrane
- hellp, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets
- hitt, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
- hlh, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- hus, hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- isth, international society for thrombosis and haemostasis
- ivig, intravenous immunoglobulin
- ldh, lactate nos, nitric oxide synthase
- net, neutrophil extracellular trap
- pai-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- pf4, platelet factor 4
- prr, pattern recognition receptor
- rbc, red blood cell
- scd, sickle cell disease
- sle, systemic lupus erythematosus
- tlr, toll-like receptor
- tf, tissue factor
- tfpi, tissue factor pathway inhibitor
- tma, thrombotic microangiopathy
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- tpe, therapeutic plasma exchange
- ulc, ultra large heparin-pf4 complexes
- ulvwf, ultra-large von willebrand factor
- vwf, von willebrand factor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Bray
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah E Sartain
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jahnavi Gollamudi
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rolando E Rumbaut
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kessler T, Schunkert H, von Hundelshausen P. Novel Approaches to Fine-Tune Therapeutic Targeting of Platelets in Atherosclerosis: A Critical Appraisal. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1492-1504. [PMID: 32772352 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease is driven by a multitude of risk factors intertwining metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Increasing knowledge about platelet biology sheds light on how platelets take part in these processes from early to later stages of plaque development. Recent insights from experimental studies and mouse models substantiate platelets as initiators and amplifiers in atherogenic leukocyte recruitment. These studies are complemented by results from genetics studies shedding light on novel molecular mechanisms which provide an interesting prospect as novel targets. For instance, experimental studies provide further details how platelet-decorated von Willebrand factor tethered to activated endothelial cells plays a role in atherogenic monocyte recruitment. Novel aspects of platelets as atherogenic inductors of neutrophil extracellular traps and particularities in signaling pathways such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate and the inhibitory adaptor molecule SHB23/LNK associating platelets with atherogenesis are shared. In summary, it was our intention to balance insights from recent experimental data that support a plausible role for platelets in atherogenesis against a paucity of clinical evidence needed to validate this concept in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tanaka LY, Oliveira PVS, Laurindo FRM. Peri/Epicellular Thiol Oxidoreductases as Mediators of Extracellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:280-307. [PMID: 31910038 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Supracellular redox networks regulating cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) and organ system architecture merge with structural and functional (catalytic or allosteric) properties of disulfide bonds. This review addresses emerging evidence that exported thiol oxidoreductases (TORs), such as thioredoxin, protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), quiescin sulfhydryl oxidases (QSOX)1, and peroxiredoxins, composing a peri/epicellular (pec)TOR pool, mediate relevant signaling. pecTOR functions depend mainly on kinetic and spatial regulation of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions governed by redox potentials, which are modulated by exported intracellular low-molecular-weight thiols, together conferring signal specificity. Recent Advances: pecTOR redox-modulates several targets including integrins, ECM proteins, surface molecules, and plasma components, although clear-cut documentation of direct effects is lacking in many cases. TOR catalytic pathways, displaying common patterns, culminate in substrate thiol reduction, oxidation, or isomerization. Peroxiredoxins act as redox/peroxide sensors, contrary to PDIs, which are likely substrate-targeted redox modulators. Emerging evidence suggests important pecTOR roles in patho(physio)logical processes, including blood coagulation, vascular remodeling, mechanosensing, endothelial function, immune responses, and inflammation. Critical Issues: Effects of pecPDIs supporting thrombosis/platelet activation have been well documented and reached the clinical arena. Roles of pecPDIA1 in vascular remodeling/mechanosensing are also emerging. Extracellular thioredoxin and pecPDIs redox-regulate immunoinflammation. Routes of TOR externalization remain elusive and appear to involve Golgi-independent routes. pecTORs are particularly accessible drug targets. Future Directions: Further understanding mechanisms of thiol redox reactions and developing assays for assessing pecTOR redox activities remain important research avenues. Also, addressing pecTORs as disease markers and achieving more efficient/specific drugs for pecTOR modulation are major perspectives for diagnostic/therapeutic improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Percillia V S Oliveira
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64 (Translational Cardiovascular Biology), Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Characteristic Analysis of Trigonelline Contained in Raphanus sativus Cv. Sakurajima Daikon and Results from the First Trial Examining Its Vasodilator Properties in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061872. [PMID: 32585930 PMCID: PMC7353243 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease poses a major public health problem worldwide. Trigonelline isolated from Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon (Sakurajima radish) induces nitric oxide production from vascular endothelial cells and enhances vascular function. Here, we investigated the characteristics of trigonelline and its effects on endothelial function after consumption of Sakurajima radish by humans. Our results show that Sakurajima radish contains approximately 60 times more trigonelline than other radishes and squashes. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between varieties of Sakurajima radish, suggesting that any type of Sakurajima radish can be ingested for trigonelline supplementation. The effects of cooking and processing Sakurajima radish were also evaluated, as were the effects of freezing, and changes in osmotic pressure and pH. A first-in-human trial using Sakurajima radish showed that ingestion of 170 g/day of Sakurajima radish for ten days increased blood trigonelline concentrations and significantly improved flow-mediated dilation, which is a measure of vascular endothelial function. Overall, our findings suggest that the trigonelline contained in Sakurajima radish may contribute to improved human vascular endothelial function. Hence, Sakurajima radish may enhance vascular endothelial function as a functional food.
Collapse
|
28
|
Protein disulfide isomerase in cardiovascular disease. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:390-399. [PMID: 32203104 PMCID: PMC7156431 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) participates in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that intravascular cell-derived PDI plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis and vascular inflammation. Recent studies with PDI conditional knockout mice have advanced our understanding of the function of cell-specific PDI in disease processes. Furthermore, the identification and development of novel small-molecule PDI inhibitors has led into a new era of PDI research that transitioned from the bench to bedside. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on the regulatory role of PDI in cardiovascular disease. Efforts to untangle the functions of a large family of enzymes could lead researchers to new therapies for diverse cardiovascular diseases. Members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family chemically modify other proteins in ways that can alter both their structure and biological activity. Jaehyung Cho of the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and coworkers have reviewed numerous studies linking PDI with cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis, heart attack, vascular inflammation, and stroke. The authors also report progress in developing small-molecule PDI inhibitors that could yield the treatment for these conditions.
Collapse
|
29
|
S-Nitrosylation: An Emerging Paradigm of Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090404. [PMID: 31533268 PMCID: PMC6769533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule, generated through metabolism of L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Abnormal NO levels in mammalian cells are associated with multiple human diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that the NO signaling is compartmentalized, owing to the localization of NOS and the nature of biochemical reactions of NO, including S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation is a selective covalent post-translational modification adding a nitrosyl group to the reactive thiol group of a cysteine to form S-nitrosothiol (SNO), which is a key mechanism in transferring NO-mediated signals. While S-nitrosylation occurs only at select cysteine thiols, such a spatial constraint is partially resolved by transnitrosylation, where the nitrosyl moiety is transferred between two interacting proteins to successively transfer the NO signal to a distant location. As NOS is present in various subcellular locales, a stress could trigger concerted S-nitrosylation and transnitrosylation of a large number of proteins involved in divergent signaling cascades. S-nitrosylation is an emerging paradigm of redox signaling by which cells confer protection against oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
30
|
Qin RR, Zhu H, Wang F, Song M, Lin PL, Xing YQ, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang ZH. Platelet activation in diabetic mice models: the role of vascular endothelial cell-derived protein disulfide isomerase-mediated GP IIb/IIIa receptor activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6358-6370. [PMID: 31437127 PMCID: PMC6738422 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GP IIb/IIIa receptor activation plays an important role in thrombosis. The mechanism of early activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors in diabetic conditions remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of Endothelial microparticle (EMP)-associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) after endothelial cell injury induced in diabetes and the changes in platelet activation. We produced an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus using ApoE-/- mice. Normal ApoE-/- and diabetic mice were allocated to four groups (n = 15): normal diet, normal diet plus rutin, diabetic, and diabetes plus rutin. The EMP-PDI content and GP IIb/IIIa expression of mice platelets were determined. In addition, EMPs obtained from the four groups were pretreated with the PDI inhibitor rutin; then, their effects on the platelets of normal C57 mice were characterized. Compared with the normal diet group, the diabetic group had significantly increased plasma EMP-PDI content and accelerated platelet activation by increased GP IIb/IIIa expression. In conclusion, EMP-PDI promotes early platelet activation through glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors present on platelet surface in the diabetic state. However, this process could be partially suppressed by the administration of rutin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Pei-Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Xing
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|