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Liu H, Welburn JPI. A circle of life: platelet and megakaryocyte cytoskeleton dynamics in health and disease. Open Biol 2024; 14:240041. [PMID: 38835242 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are blood cells derived from megakaryocytes that play a central role in regulating haemostasis and vascular integrity. The microtubule cytoskeleton of megakaryocytes undergoes a critical dynamic reorganization during cycles of endomitosis and platelet biogenesis. Quiescent platelets have a discoid shape maintained by a marginal band composed of microtubule bundles, which undergoes remarkable remodelling during platelet activation, driving shape change and platelet function. Disrupting or enhancing this process can cause platelet dysfunction such as bleeding disorders or thrombosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the reorganization of the cytoskeleton in the platelet lineage. Recent studies indicate that the emergence of a unique platelet tubulin code and specific pathogenic tubulin mutations cause platelet defects and bleeding disorders. Frequently, these mutations exhibit dominant negative effects, offering valuable insights into both platelet disease mechanisms and the functioning of tubulins. This review will highlight our current understanding of the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the life and death of platelets, along with its relevance to platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Liu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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2
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La Bella S, Di Ludovico A, Di Donato G, Basaran O, Ozen S, Gattorno M, Chiarelli F, Breda L. The pyrin inflammasome, a leading actor in pediatric autoinflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1341680. [PMID: 38250061 PMCID: PMC10796709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1341680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of the pyrin inflammasome represents a highly intriguing mechanism employed by the innate immune system to effectively counteract pathogenic agents. Despite its key role in innate immunity, pyrin has also garnered significant attention due to its association with a range of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) including familial Mediterranean fever caused by disruption of the MEFV gene, or in other genes involved in its complex regulation mechanisms. Pyrin activation is strictly dependent on homeostasis-altering molecular processes, mostly consisting of the disruption of the small Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA) GTPases by pathogen toxins. The downstream pathways are regulated by the phosphorylation of specific pyrin residues by the kinases PKN1/2 and the binding of the chaperone 14-3-3. Furthermore, a key role in pyrin activation is played by the cytoskeleton and gasdermin D, which is responsible for membrane pores in the context of pyroptosis. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted the role of steroid hormone catabolites and alarmins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in pyrin-dependent inflammation. The aim of this article is to offer a comprehensive overview of the most recent evidence on the pyrin inflammasome and its molecular pathways to better understand the pathogenesis behind the significant group of pyrin-related AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio La Bella
- Department of Pediatrics, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Armando Di Ludovico
- Department of Pediatrics, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Donato
- Department of Pediatrics, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ozge Basaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Marco Gattorno
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luciana Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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3
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Gandhi L, Maisnam D, Rathore D, Chauhan P, Bonagiri A, Venkataramana M. Differential localization of dengue virus protease affects cell homeostasis and triggers to thrombocytopenia. iScience 2023; 26:107024. [PMID: 37534186 PMCID: PMC10391676 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is one of the symptoms of many virus infections which is the "hallmark" in the case of dengue virus. In this study, we show the differential localization of existing two forms of dengue virus protease, i.e., NS2BNS3 to the nucleus and NS3 to the nucleus and mitochondria. We also report a nuclear transcription factor, erythroid differentiation regulatory factor 1 (EDRF1), as the substrate for this protease. EDRF1 regulates the expression and activity of GATA1, which in turn controls spectrin synthesis. Both GATA1 and spectrins are required for platelet formation. On the other hand, we found that the mitochondrial activities will be damaged by NS3 localization which cleaves GrpEL1, a co-chaperone of mitochondrial Hsp70. Levels of both EDRF1 and GrpEL1 were found to deteriorate in dengue virus-infected clinical samples. Hence, we conclude that NS2BNS3-mediated EDRF1 cleavage and the NS3-led mitochondrial dysfunction account for thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Gandhi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepti Maisnam
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepika Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anvesh Bonagiri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Musturi Venkataramana
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Carmona B, Marinho HS, Matos CL, Nolasco S, Soares H. Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications: The Elusive Roles of Acetylation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040561. [PMID: 37106761 PMCID: PMC10136095 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin heterodimers found in all eukaryotes, are involved in cytoplasm spatial organization, intracellular transport, cell polarity, migration and division, and in cilia biology. MTs functional diversity depends on the differential expression of distinct tubulin isotypes and is amplified by a vast number of different post-translational modifications (PTMs). The addition/removal of PTMs to α- or β-tubulins is catalyzed by specific enzymes and allows combinatory patterns largely enriching the distinct biochemical and biophysical properties of MTs, creating a code read by distinct proteins, including microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which allow cellular responses. This review is focused on tubulin-acetylation, whose cellular roles continue to generate debate. We travel through the experimental data pointing to α-tubulin Lys40 acetylation role as being a MT stabilizer and a typical PTM of long lived MTs, to the most recent data, suggesting that Lys40 acetylation enhances MT flexibility and alters the mechanical properties of MTs, preventing MTs from mechanical aging characterized by structural damage. Additionally, we discuss the regulation of tubulin acetyltransferases/desacetylases and their impacts on cell physiology. Finally, we analyze how changes in MT acetylation levels have been found to be a general response to stress and how they are associated with several human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carmona
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lopes Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Palma-Barqueros V, Bastida JM, López Andreo MJ, Zámora-Cánovas A, Zaninetti C, Ruiz-Pividal JF, Bohdan N, Padilla J, Teruel-Montoya R, Marín-Quilez A, Revilla N, Sánchez-Fuentes A, Rodriguez-Alen A, Benito R, Vicente V, Iturbe T, Greinacher A, Lozano ML, Rivera J. Platelet transcriptome analysis in patients with germline RUNX1 mutations. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1352-1365. [PMID: 36736831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in RUNX1 can cause a familial platelet disorder that may lead to acute myeloid leukemia, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by moderate thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Discerning the pathogenicity of novel RUNX1 variants is critical for patient management. OBJECTIVES To extend the characterization of RUNX1 variants and evaluate their effects by transcriptome analysis. METHODS Three unrelated patients with long-standing thrombocytopenia carrying heterozygous RUNX1 variants were included: P1, who is a subject with recent development of myelodysplastic syndrome, with c.802 C>T[p.Gln268∗] de novo; P2 with c.586A>G[p.Thr196Ala], a variant that segregates with thrombocytopenia and myeloid neoplasia in the family; and P3 with c.476A>G[p.Asn159Ser], which did not segregate with thrombocytopenia or neoplasia. Baseline platelet evaluations were performed. Ultrapure platelets were prepared for platelet transcriptome analysis. RESULTS In P1 and P2, but not in P3, transcriptome analysis confirmed aberrant expression of genes recognized as RUNX1 targets. Data allowed grouping patients by distinct gene expression profiles, which were partitioned with clinical parameters. Functional studies and platelet mRNA expression identified alterations in the actin cytoskeleton, downregulation of GFI1B, defective GPVI downstream signaling, and reduction of alpha granule proteins, such as thrombospondin-1, as features likely implicated in thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. CONCLUSION Platelet phenotype, familial segregation, and platelet transcriptomics support the pathogenicity of RUNX1 variants p.Gln268∗ and p.Thr196Ala, but not p.Asn159Ser. This study is an additional proof of concept that platelet RNA analysis could be a tool to help classify pathogenic RUNX1 variants and identify novel RUNX1 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Palma-Barqueros
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Bastida
- Department of Hematology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ana Zámora-Cánovas
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlo Zaninetti
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juan Francisco Ruiz-Pividal
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Bohdan
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Padilla
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Teruel-Montoya
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Marín-Quilez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain; Department of Hematology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Revilla
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria FJD (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Fuentes
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Rodriguez-Alen
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- Department of Hematology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teodoro Iturbe
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain.
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Kreft IC, Huisman EJ, Cnossen MH, van Alphen FPJ, van der Zwaan C, van Leeuwen K, van Spaendonk R, Porcelijn L, Veen CSB, van den Biggelaar M, de Haas M, Meijer AB, Hoogendijk AJ. Proteomic landscapes of inherited platelet disorders with different etiologies. JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:359-372.e3. [PMID: 36700500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that are caused by the defects in early megakaryopoiesis, proplatelet formation, and/or mature platelet function. Although genomic sequencing is increasingly used to identify genetic variants underlying IPD, this technique does not disclose resulting molecular changes that impact platelet function. Proteins are the functional units that shape platelet function; however, insights into how variants that cause IPDs impact platelet proteomes are limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to profile the platelet proteomics signatures of IPDs. METHODS We performed unbiased label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome profiling on platelets of 34 patients with IPDs with variants in 13 ISTH TIER1 genes that affect different stages of platelet development. RESULTS In line with the phenotypical heterogeneity between IPDs, proteomes were diverse between IPDs. We observed extensive proteomic alterations in patients with a GFI1B variant and for genetic variants in genes encoding proteins that impact cytoskeletal processes (MYH9, TUBB1, and WAS). Using the diversity between IPDs, we clustered protein dynamics, revealing disrupted protein-protein complexes. This analysis furthermore grouped proteins with similar cellular function and location, classifying mitochondrial protein constituents and identifying both known and putative novel alpha granule associated proteins. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we demonstrate a MS-based proteomics perspective to IPDs. By integrating the effects of IPDs that impact different aspects of platelet function, we dissected the biological contexts of protein alterations to gain further insights into the biology of platelet (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Kreft
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise J Huisman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon H Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalina van Spaendonk
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostic, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline S B Veen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Meijer
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Akt-mediated mitochondrial metabolism regulates proplatelet formation and platelet shedding post vasopressin exposure. JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:344-358. [PMID: 36700501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet shedding from mature megakaryocytes (MKs) in thrombopoiesis is the critical step for elevating circulating platelets fast and efficiently, however, the underlying mechanism is still not well-illustrated, and the therapeutic targets and candidates are even less. OBJECTIVES In order to investigate the mechanisms for platelet shedding after vasopressin treatment and find new therapeutic targets for thrombocytopenia. METHODS Platelet production was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro after arginine vasopressin (AVP) administration. The underlying biological mechanism of AVP-triggered thrombopoiesis were then investigated by a series of molecular and bioinformatics techniques. RESULTS it is observed that proplatelet formation and platelet shedding in the final stages of thrombopoiesis promoted by AVP, an endogenous hormone, can quickly increases peripheral platelets. This rapid elevation is thus able to speed up platelet recovery after radiation as expected. The mechanism analysis reveal that proplatelet formation and platelet release from mature MKs facilitated by AVP is mainly mediated by Akt-regulated mitochondrial metabolism. In particular, phosphorylated Akt regulates mitochondrial metabolism through driving the association of hexokinase-2 with mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channel-1 in AVP-mediated thrombopoiesis. Further studies suggest that this interaction is stabilized by IκBα, the expression of which is controlled by insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase. CONCLUSION these data demonstrate that phosphorylated Akt-mediated mitochondrial metabolism regulates platelet shedding from MKs in response to AVP, which will provide new therapeutic targets and further drug discovery clues for thrombocytopenia treatment.
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Marín-Quílez A, Di Buduo CA, Díaz-Ajenjo L, Abbonante V, Vuelta E, Soprano PM, Miguel-García C, Santos-Mínguez S, Serramito-Gómez I, Ruiz-Sala P, Peñarrubia MJ, Pardal E, Hernández-Rivas JM, González-Porras JR, García-Tuñón I, Benito R, Rivera J, Balduini A, Bastida JM. Novel variants in GALE cause syndromic macrothrombocytopenia by disrupting glycosylation and thrombopoiesis. Blood 2023; 141:406-421. [PMID: 36395340 PMCID: PMC10644051 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is recognized as a key process for proper megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation. The enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose-4-epimerase, encoded by GALE, is involved in galactose metabolism and protein glycosylation. Here, we studied 3 patients from 2 unrelated families who showed lifelong severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding diathesis, mental retardation, mitral valve prolapse, and jaundice. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 4 variants that affect GALE, 3 of those previously unreported (Pedigree A, p.Lys78ValfsX32 and p.Thr150Met; Pedigree B, p.Val128Met; and p.Leu223Pro). Platelet phenotype analysis showed giant and/or grey platelets, impaired platelet aggregation, and severely reduced alpha and dense granule secretion. Enzymatic activity of the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase enzyme was severely decreased in all patients. Immunoblotting of platelet lysates revealed reduced GALE protein levels, a significant decrease in N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc), showing a hypoglycosylation pattern, reduced surface expression of gylcoprotein Ibα-IX-V (GPIbα-IX-V) complex and mature β1 integrin, and increased apoptosis. In vitro studies performed with patients-derived megakaryocytes showed normal ploidy and maturation but decreased proplatelet formation because of the impaired glycosylation of the GPIbα and β1 integrin, and reduced externalization to megakaryocyte and platelet membranes. Altered distribution of filamin A and actin and delocalization of the von Willebrand factor were also shown. Overall, this study expands our knowledge of GALE-related thrombocytopenia and emphasizes the critical role of GALE in the physiological glycosylation of key proteins involved in platelet production and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marín-Quílez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Díaz-Ajenjo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Vuelta
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Miguel-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Santos-Mínguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Serramito-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Sala
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Peñarrubia
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Emilia Pardal
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - José María Bastida
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Novel insights into mouse models of ectopic proplatelet release. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6135-6139. [PMID: 36251748 PMCID: PMC9768245 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature bone marrow (BM) megakaryocytes (MKs) produce platelets by extending proplatelets into sinusoidal blood vessels. Defects in this process can lead to thrombocytopenia and increased risk of bleeding. Mice lacking the actin-regulatory proteins Profilin 1 (PFN1), Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp), Actin Related Protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3), or adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) display thrombocytopenia and ectopic release of (pro)platelet-like particles into the BM compartment, pointing to an important axis of actin-mediated directional proplatelet formation. The mechanism underlying ectopic release in these mice is still not completely understood. However, we hypothesized that similar functional defects account for this observation. We analyzed WASp-, ADAP-, PFN1-, and ARPC2-knockout mice to determine the role of actin reorganization and integrin activation in directional proplatelet formation. ADAP-, ARPC2-, and PFN1-deficient MKs displayed reduced adhesion to collagen, defective F-actin organization, and diminished β1-integrin activation. WASp-deficient MKs showed the strongest reduction in the adhesion assay of collagen and altered F-actin organization with reduced podosome formation. Our results indicate that ADAP, PFN1, WASp, and ARP2/3 are part of the same pathway that regulates polarization processes in MKs and directional proplatelet formation into BM sinusoids.
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10
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Warren JT, Di Paola J. Genetics of inherited thrombocytopenias. Blood 2022; 139:3264-3277. [PMID: 35167650 PMCID: PMC9164741 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inherited thrombocytopenia syndromes are a group of disorders characterized primarily by quantitative defects in platelet number, though with a variety demonstrating qualitative defects and/or extrahematopoietic findings. Through collaborative international efforts applying next-generation sequencing approaches, the list of genetic syndromes that cause thrombocytopenia has expanded significantly in recent years, now with over 40 genes implicated. In this review, we focus on what is known about the genetic etiology of inherited thrombocytopenia syndromes and how the field has worked to validate new genetic discoveries. We highlight the important role for the clinician in identifying a germline genetic diagnosis and strategies for identifying novel causes through research-based endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Warren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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11
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Tilburg J, Becker IC, Italiano JE. Don't you forget about me(gakaryocytes). Blood 2022; 139:3245-3254. [PMID: 34582554 PMCID: PMC9164737 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets (small, anucleate cell fragments) derive from large precursor cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), that reside in the bone marrow. MKs emerge from hematopoietic stem cells in a complex differentiation process that involves cytoplasmic maturation, including the formation of the demarcation membrane system, and polyploidization. The main function of MKs is the generation of platelets, which predominantly occurs through the release of long, microtubule-rich proplatelets into vessel sinusoids. However, the idea of a 1-dimensional role of MKs as platelet precursors is currently being questioned because of advances in high-resolution microscopy and single-cell omics. On the one hand, recent findings suggest that proplatelet formation from bone marrow-derived MKs is not the only mechanism of platelet production, but that it may also occur through budding of the plasma membrane and in distant organs such as lung or liver. On the other hand, novel evidence suggests that MKs not only maintain physiological platelet levels but further contribute to bone marrow homeostasis through the release of extracellular vesicles or cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β1 or platelet factor 4. The notion of multitasking MKs was reinforced in recent studies by using single-cell RNA sequencing approaches on MKs derived from adult and fetal bone marrow and lungs, leading to the identification of different MK subsets that appeared to exhibit immunomodulatory or secretory roles. In the following article, novel insights into the mechanisms leading to proplatelet formation in vitro and in vivo will be reviewed and the hypothesis of MKs as immunoregulatory cells will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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12
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Deletion of Grin1 in mouse megakaryocytes reveals NMDA receptor role in platelet function and proplatelet formation. Blood 2022; 139:2673-2690. [PMID: 35245376 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of proplatelet formation (PPF) requires coordinated interaction between megakaryocytes (MKs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a dynamic reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Localized fluxes of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) facilitate MK-ECM interaction and PPF. Glutamate-gated N-methyl-D--aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is highly permeable to Ca2+. NMDAR antagonists inhibit MK maturation ex vivo, however there is no in vivo data. Using the Cre-loxP system, we generated a platelet lineage-specific knockout mouse model of reduced NMDAR function in MKs and platelets (Pf4-Grin1-/- mice). Effects of NMDAR deletion were examined using well-established assays of platelet function and production in vivo and ex vivo. We found that Pf4-Grin1-/- mice had defects in megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and platelet function, which manifested as reduced platelet counts, lower rates of platelet production in the immune model of thrombocytopenia, and a prolonged tail bleeding time. Platelet activation was impaired to a range of agonists associated with reduced Ca2+ responses, including metabotropic-like, and defective platelet spreading. MKs showed reduced colony and proplatelet formation. Impaired reorganization of intracellular F-actin and α-tubulin was identified as the main cause of reduced platelet function and production. Pf4-Grin1-/- MKs also had lower levels of transcripts encoding crucial ECM elements and enzymes, suggesting NMDAR signaling is involved in ECM remodeling. In summary, we provide the first genetic evidence that NMDAR plays an active role in platelet function and production. NMDARs regulate PPF through the mechanism that involves MK-ECM interaction and cytoskeletal reorganization. Our results suggest that NMDAR helps guide PPF in vivo.
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13
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Palma-Barqueros V, Bury L, Kunishima S, Lozano ML, Rodríguez-Alen A, Revilla N, Bohdan N, Padilla J, Fernández-Pérez MP, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Marín-Quiles A, Benito R, López-Fernández MF, Marcellini S, Zamora-Cánovas A, Vicente V, Martínez C, Gresele P, Bastida JM, Rivera J. Expanding the genetic spectrum of TUBB1-related thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5453-5467. [PMID: 34516618 PMCID: PMC8714720 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
β1-Tubulin plays a major role in proplatelet formation and platelet shape maintenance, and pathogenic variants in TUBB1 lead to thrombocytopenia and platelet anisocytosis (TUBB1-RT). To date, the reported number of pedigrees with TUBB1-RT and of rare TUBB1 variants with experimental demonstration of pathogenicity is limited. Here, we report 9 unrelated families presenting with thrombocytopenia carrying 6 β1-tubulin variants, p.Cys12LeufsTer12, p.Thr107Pro, p.Gln423*, p.Arg359Trp, p.Gly109Glu, and p.Gly269Asp, the last of which novel. Segregation studies showed incomplete penetrance of these variants for platelet traits. Indeed, most carriers showed macrothrombocytopenia, some only increased platelet size, and a minority had no abnormalities. Moreover, only homozygous carriers of the p.Gly109Glu variant displayed macrothrombocytopenia, highlighting the importance of allele burden in the phenotypic expression of TUBB1-RT. The p.Arg359Trp, p.Gly269Asp, and p.Gly109Glu variants deranged β1-tubulin incorporation into the microtubular marginal ring in platelets but had a negligible effect on platelet activation, secretion, or spreading, suggesting that β1-tubulin is dispensable for these processes. Transfection of TUBB1 missense variants in CHO cells altered β1-tubulin incorporation into the microtubular network. In addition, TUBB1 variants markedly impaired proplatelet formation from peripheral blood CD34+ cell-derived megakaryocytes. Our study, using in vitro modeling, molecular characterization, and clinical investigations provides a deeper insight into the pathogenicity of rare TUBB1 variants. These novel data expand the genetic spectrum of TUBB1-RT and highlight a remarkable heterogeneity in its clinical presentation, indicating that allelic burden or combination with other genetic or environmental factors modulate the phenotypic impact of rare TUBB1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Palma-Barqueros
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Loredana Bury
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Shinji Kunishima
- Department of Medical Technology, Gifu University of Medical Science, Seki, Japan
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Augustín Rodríguez-Alen
- Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Nuria Revilla
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Bohdan
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Padilla
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P. Fernández-Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Marín-Quiles
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Rocío Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | | | | | - Ana Zamora-Cánovas
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Constantino Martínez
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - José M. Bastida
- Departamento de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigacién Biomódica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-U765, Murcia, Spain
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14
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Bertović I, Bura A, Jurak Begonja A. Developmental differences of in vitro cultured murine bone marrow- and fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes. Platelets 2021; 33:887-899. [PMID: 34915807 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2007869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence support differences in the megakaryopoiesis during development. Murine in vitro models to study megakaryopoiesis employ cultured megakaryocytes MKs derived from adult bone marrow (BM) or fetal livers (FL) of mouse embryos. Mouse models allow to study the molecular basis for cellular changes utilizing conditional or knock-out models and permit further in vitro genetic or pharmacological manipulations. Despite being extensively used, MKs cultured from these two sources have not been systematically compared. In the present study, we compared BM- and FL-derived MKs, assessing their size, proplatelet production capacity, expression of common MK markers (αIIb, β3, GPIb α, β) and cytoskeletal proteins (filamin A, β1-tubulin, actin), the subcellular appearance of α-granules (VWF), membranes (GPIbβ) and cytoskeleton (F-actin) throughout in vitro development. We demonstrate that FL MKs although smaller in size, spontaneously produce more proplatelets than BM MKs and at earlier stages express more β1-tubulin. In addition, early FL MKs show increased internal GPIbβ staining and present higher GPIbβ (early and late) and VWF (late stages) total fluorescence intensity (TFI)/cell size than BM MKs. BM MKs have up-regulated TPO signaling corresponding to their bigger size and ploidy, without changes in c-Mpl. Expressing endogenous β1-tubulin or the presence of heparin improves BM MKs ability to produce proplatelets. These data suggest that FL MKs undergo cytoplasmic maturation earlier than BM MKs and that this, in addition to higher β1-tubulin levels and GPIb, supported with an extensive F-actin network, could contribute to more efficient proplatelet formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bertović
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ana Bura
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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15
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Essential role of zyxin in platelet biogenesis and glycoprotein Ib-IX surface expression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:955. [PMID: 34657146 PMCID: PMC8520529 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are generated from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes (MKs) via actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Zyxin is a focal adhesion protein and wildly expressed in eukaryotes to regulate actin remodeling. Zyxin is upregulated during megakaryocytic differentiation; however, the role of zyxin in thrombopoiesis is unknown. Here we show that zyxin ablation results in profound macrothrombocytopenia. Platelet lifespan and thrombopoietin level were comparable between wild-type and zyxin-deficient mice, but MK maturation, demarcation membrane system formation, and proplatelet generation were obviously impaired in the absence of zyxin. Differential proteomic analysis of proteins associated with macrothrombocytopenia revealed that glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX was significantly reduced in zyxin-deficient platelets. Moreover, GPIb-IX surface level was decreased in zyxin-deficient MKs. Knockdown of zyxin in a human megakaryocytic cell line resulted in GPIbα degradation by lysosomes leading to the reduction of GPIb-IX surface level. We further found that zyxin was colocalized with vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), and loss of zyxin caused diffuse distribution of VASP and actin cytoskeleton disorganization in both platelets and MKs. Reconstitution of zyxin with VASP binding site in zyxin-deficient hematopoietic progenitor cell-derived MKs restored GPIb-IX surface expression and proplatelet generation. Taken together, our findings identify zyxin as a regulator of platelet biogenesis and GPIb-IX surface expression through VASP-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization, suggesting possible pathogenesis of macrothrombocytopenia.
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16
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Mbiandjeu S, Balduini A, Malara A. Megakaryocyte Cytoskeletal Proteins in Platelet Biogenesis and Diseases. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:666-678. [PMID: 34218430 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thrombopoiesis governs the formation of blood platelets in bone marrow by converting megakaryocytes into long, branched proplatelets on which individual platelets are assembled. The megakaryocyte cytoskeleton responds to multiple microenvironmental cues, including chemical and mechanical stimuli, sustaining the platelet shedding. During the megakaryocyte's life cycle, cytoskeletal networks organize cell shape and content, connect them physically and biochemically to the bone marrow vascular niche, and enable the release of platelets into the bloodstream. While the basic building blocks of the cytoskeleton have been studied extensively, new sets of cytoskeleton regulators have emerged as critical components of the dynamic protein network that supports platelet production. Understanding how the interaction of individual molecules of the cytoskeleton governs megakaryocyte behavior is essential to improve knowledge of platelet biogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies for inherited thrombocytopenias caused by alterations in the cytoskeletal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mbiandjeu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Bornert A, Boscher J, Pertuy F, Eckly A, Stegner D, Strassel C, Gachet C, Lanza F, Léon C. Cytoskeletal-based mechanisms differently regulate in vivo and in vitro proplatelet formation. Haematologica 2021; 106:1368-1380. [PMID: 32327502 PMCID: PMC8094084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.239111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are produced by bone marrow megakaryocytes through cytoplasmic protrusions, named native proplatelets (nPPT), into blood vessels. Proplatelets also refer to protrusions observed in megakaryocyte culture (cultured proplatelets [cPPT]) which are morphologically different. Contrary to cPPT, the mechanisms of nPPT formation are poorly understood. We show here in living mice that nPPT elongation is in equilibrium between protrusion and retraction forces mediated by myosin-IIA. We also found, using wild-type and b1-tubulin-deficient mice, that microtubule behavior differs between cPPT and nPPT, being absolutely required in vitro, while less critical in vivo. Remarkably, microtubule depolymerization in myosin-deficient mice did not affect nPPT elongation. We then calculated that blood Stokes’ forces may be sufficient to promote nPPT extension, independently of myosin and microtubules. Together, we propose a new mechanism for nPPT extension that might explain contradictions between severely affected cPPT production and moderate platelet count defects in some patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bornert
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Boscher
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Pertuy
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Stegner
- University Hospital Würzburg and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Germany
| | - Catherine Strassel
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Léon
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Deficiency of ARHGAP21 alters megakaryocytic cell lineage responses and enhances platelet hemostatic function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119012. [PMID: 33727037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Barozzi S, Di Buduo CA, Marconi C, Bozzi V, Seri M, Romano F, Balduini A, Pecci A. Pathogenetic and clinical study of a patient with thrombocytopenia due to the p.E527K gain-of-function variant of SRC. Haematologica 2021; 106:918-922. [PMID: 33054137 PMCID: PMC7927995 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.268516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia
| | - Christian A Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia
| | - Caterina Marconi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Valeria Bozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia
| | - Marco Seri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Francesca Romano
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia
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20
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Vainchenker W, Arkoun B, Basso-Valentina F, Lordier L, Debili N, Raslova H. Role of Rho-GTPases in megakaryopoiesis. Small GTPases 2021; 12:399-415. [PMID: 33570449 PMCID: PMC8583283 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1885134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are the bone marrow (BM) cells that generate blood platelets by a process that requires: i) polyploidization responsible for the increased MK size and ii) cytoplasmic organization leading to extension of long pseudopods, called proplatelets, through the endothelial barrier to allow platelet release into blood. Low level of localized RHOA activation prevents actomyosin accumulation at the cleavage furrow and participates in MK polyploidization. In the platelet production, RHOA and CDC42 play opposite, but complementary roles. RHOA inhibits both proplatelet formation and MK exit from BM, whereas CDC42 drives the development of the demarcation membranes and MK migration in BM. Moreover, the RhoA or Cdc42 MK specific knock-out in mice and the genetic alterations in their down-stream effectors in human induce a thrombocytopenia demonstrating their key roles in platelet production. A better knowledge of Rho-GTPase signalling is thus necessary to develop therapies for diseases associated with platelet production defects. Abbreviations: AKT: Protein Kinase BARHGEF2: Rho/Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 2ARP2/3: Actin related protein 2/3BM: Bone marrowCDC42: Cell division control protein 42 homologCFU-MK: Colony-forming-unit megakaryocyteCIP4: Cdc42-interacting protein 4mDIA: DiaphanousDIAPH1; Protein diaphanous homolog 1ECT2: Epithelial Cell Transforming Sequence 2FLNA: Filamin AGAP: GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteinsGDI: GDP Dissociation InhibitorGEF: Guanine nucleotide exchange factorHDAC: Histone deacetylaseLIMK: LIM KinaseMAL: Megakaryoblastic leukaemiaMARCKS: Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrateMKL: Megakaryoblastic leukaemiaMLC: Myosin light chainMRTF: Myocardin Related Transcription FactorOTT: One-Twenty Two ProteinPACSIN2: Protein Kinase C And Casein Kinase Substrate In Neurons 2PAK: P21-Activated KinasePDK: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase kinasePI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinasePKC: Protein kinase CPTPRJ: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type JRAC: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1RBM15: RNA Binding Motif Protein 15RHO: Ras homologousROCK: Rho-associated protein kinaseSCAR: Suppressor of cAMP receptorSRF: Serum response factorSRC: SarcTAZ: Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ motifTUBB1: Tubulin β1VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factorWAS: Wiskott Aldrich syndromeWASP: Wiskott Aldrich syndrome proteinWAVE: WASP-family verprolin-homologous proteinWIP: WASP-interacting proteinYAP: Yes-associated protein
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,GrEX, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Arkoun
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,GrEX, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Basso-Valentina
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité/Université Paris Dideront, Paris, France
| | - Larissa Lordier
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Najet Debili
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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21
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Mohtashami M, Razavi A, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. Primary Immunodeficiency and Thrombocytopenia. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:135-159. [PMID: 33464134 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1868454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) or Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by immune system impairment. Although patients with IEI manifest highly variable symptoms, the most common clinical manifestations are recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies. Some patients present hematological abnormality including thrombocytopenia due to different pathogenic mechanisms. This review focuses on primary and secondary thrombocytopenia as a complication, which can occur in IEI. Based on the International Union of Immunological Societies phenotypic classification for IEI, the several innate and adaptive immunodeficiency disorders can lead to thrombocytopenia. This review, for the first time, describes manifestation, mechanism and therapeutic modalities for thrombocytopenia in different classes of IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohtashami
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadehsadat Razavi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Papa R, Penco F, Volpi S, Gattorno M. Actin Remodeling Defects Leading to Autoinflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021. [PMID: 33488606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604206)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of monogenic immune-mediated diseases have been related to genes involved in pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Increasing evidences associate cytoskeleton defects to autoinflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed the pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in order to identify inflammatory and immunological manifestations associated to pathological variants. We list more than twenty monogenic diseases, ranging from pure autoinflammatory conditions as familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome, to classic and novel primary immunodeficiencies as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by the presence of concomitant inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as vasculitis and cytopenia, to severe and recurrent infections. We classify these disorders according to the role of the mutant gene in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and in particular as disorders of transcription, elongation, branching and activation of actin. This expanding field of rare immune disorders offers a new perspective to all immunologists to better understand the physiological and pathological role of actin cytoskeleton in cells of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Papa
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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23
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Papa R, Penco F, Volpi S, Gattorno M. Actin Remodeling Defects Leading to Autoinflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604206. [PMID: 33488606 PMCID: PMC7817698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of monogenic immune-mediated diseases have been related to genes involved in pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Increasing evidences associate cytoskeleton defects to autoinflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed the pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in order to identify inflammatory and immunological manifestations associated to pathological variants. We list more than twenty monogenic diseases, ranging from pure autoinflammatory conditions as familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome, to classic and novel primary immunodeficiencies as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by the presence of concomitant inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as vasculitis and cytopenia, to severe and recurrent infections. We classify these disorders according to the role of the mutant gene in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and in particular as disorders of transcription, elongation, branching and activation of actin. This expanding field of rare immune disorders offers a new perspective to all immunologists to better understand the physiological and pathological role of actin cytoskeleton in cells of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Papa
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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24
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Di Buduo CA, Soprano PM, Miguel CP, Perotti C, Del Fante C, Balduini A. A Gold Standard Protocol for Human Megakaryocyte Culture Based on the Analysis of 1,500 Umbilical Cord Blood Samples. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:538-542. [PMID: 33160288 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo M Soprano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carolina P Miguel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
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25
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Boscher J, Guinard I, Eckly A, Lanza F, Léon C. Blood platelet formation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/20/jcs244731. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The main function of blood platelets is to ensure hemostasis and prevent hemorrhages. The 1011 platelets needed daily are produced in a well-orchestrated process. However, this process is not yet fully understood and in vitro platelet production is still inefficient. Platelets are produced in the bone marrow by megakaryocytes, highly specialized precursor cells that extend cytoplasmic projections called proplatelets (PPTs) through the endothelial barrier of sinusoid vessels. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster we discuss the mechanisms and pathways involved in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation processes. We especially address the – still underestimated – role of the microenvironment of the bone marrow, and present recent findings on how PPT extension in vivo differs from that in vitro and entails different mechanisms. Finally, we recapitulate old but recently revisited evidence that – although bone marrow does produce megakaryocytes and PPTs – remodeling and the release of bona fide platelets, mainly occur in the downstream microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boscher
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ines Guinard
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Lanza
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Léon
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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26
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Bhatlekar S, Manne BK, Basak I, Edelstein LC, Tugolukova E, Stoller ML, Cody MJ, Morley SC, Nagalla S, Weyrich AS, Rowley JW, O'Connell RM, Rondina MT, Campbell RA, Bray PF. miR-125a-5p regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation via the actin-bundling protein L-plastin. Blood 2020; 136:1760-1772. [PMID: 32844999 PMCID: PMC7544541 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is heritability to interindividual variation in platelet count, and better understanding of the regulating genetic factors may provide insights for thrombopoiesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression in health and disease, and megakaryocytes (MKs) deficient in miRs have lower platelet counts, but information about the role of miRs in normal human MK and platelet production is limited. Using genome-wide miR profiling, we observed strong correlations among human bone marrow MKs, platelets, and differentiating cord blood-derived MK cultures, and identified MK miR-125a-5p as associated with human platelet number but not leukocyte or hemoglobin levels. Overexpression and knockdown studies showed that miR-125a-5p positively regulated human MK proplatelet (PP) formation in vitro. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p in vivo lowered murine platelet counts. Analyses of MK and platelet transcriptomes identified LCP1 as a miR-125a-5p target. LCP1 encodes the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, not previously studied in MKs. We show that miR-125a-5p directly targets and reduces expression of MK L-plastin. Overexpression and knockdown studies show that L-plastin promotes MK progenitor migration, but negatively correlates with human platelet count and inhibits MK PP formation (PPF). This work provides the first evidence for the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, as a regulator of human MK PPF via inhibition of the late-stage MK invagination system, podosome and PPF, and PP branching. We also provide resources of primary and differentiating MK transcriptomes and miRs associated with platelet counts. miR-125a-5p and L-plastin may be relevant targets for increasing in vitro platelet manufacturing and for managing quantitative platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bhanu K Manne
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Indranil Basak
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emilia Tugolukova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Mark J Cody
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sharon C Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Srikanth Nagalla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, and
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VAMC GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Paul F Bray
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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27
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French SL, Vijey P, Karhohs KW, Wilkie AR, Horin LJ, Ray A, Posorske B, Carpenter AE, Machlus KR, Italiano JE. High-content, label-free analysis of proplatelet production from megakaryocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2701-2711. [PMID: 32662223 PMCID: PMC7988437 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that regulate platelet biogenesis remain unclear; factors that trigger megakaryocytes (MKs) to initiate platelet production are poorly understood. Platelet formation begins with proplatelets, which are cellular extensions originating from the MK cell body. OBJECTIVES Proplatelet formation is an asynchronous and dynamic process that poses unique challenges for researchers to accurately capture and analyze. We have designed an open-source, high-content, high-throughput, label-free analysis platform. METHODS Phase-contrast images of live, primary MKs are captured over a 24-hour period. Pixel-based machine-learning classification done by ilastik generates probability maps of key cellular features (circular MKs and branching proplatelets), which are processed by a customized CellProfiler pipeline to identify and filter structures of interest based on morphology. A subsequent reinforcement classification, by CellProfiler Analyst, improves the detection of cellular structures. RESULTS This workflow yields the percent of proplatelet production, area, count of proplatelets and MKs, and other statistics including skeletonization information for measuring proplatelet branching and length. We propose using a combination of these analyzed metrics, in particular the area measurements of MKs and proplatelets, when assessing in vitro proplatelet production. Accuracy was validated against manually counted images and an existing algorithm. We then used the new platform to test compounds known to cause thrombocytopenia, including bromodomain inhibitors, and uncovered previously unrecognized effects of drugs on proplatelet formation, thus demonstrating the utility of our analysis platform. CONCLUSION This advance in creating unbiased data analysis will increase the scale and scope of proplatelet production studies and potentially serve as a valuable resource for investigating molecular mechanisms of thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L. French
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Prakrith Vijey
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Kyle W. Karhohs
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Adrian R. Wilkie
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Lillian J. Horin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Anjana Ray
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Benjamin Posorske
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Anne E. Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Joseph E. Italiano
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery; Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA 02115
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