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Jung I, Cho YJ, Park M, Park K, Lee SH, Kim WH, Jeong H, Lee JE, Kim GY. Proteomic analysis reveals activation of platelet- and fibrosis-related pathways in hearts of ApoE -/- mice exposed to diesel exhaust particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22636. [PMID: 38114606 PMCID: PMC10730529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an environmental risk factor linked to multiple human diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While particulate matter (PM) emitted by diesel exhaust damages multiple organ systems, heart disease is one of the most severe pathologies affected by PM. However, the in vivo effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the heart and the molecular mechanisms of DEP-induced heart dysfunction have not been investigated. In the current study, we attempted to identify the proteomic signatures of heart fibrosis caused by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in CVDs-prone apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice model using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. DEP exposure induced mild heart fibrosis in ApoE-/- mice compared with severe heart fibrosis in ApoE-/- mice that were treated with CVDs-inducing peptide, angiotensin II. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of heart tissues between PBS- and DEP-treated ApoE-/- mice revealed significant upregulation of proteins associated with platelet activation and TGFβ-dependent pathways. Our data suggest that DEP exposure could induce heart fibrosis, potentially via platelet-related pathways and TGFβ induction, causing cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyo Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cho
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhan Park
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geun-Young Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeng2-ro, Osong-eub, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. Evaluation of human platelet granules by structured illumination laser fluorescence microscopy. Platelets 2023; 34:2157808. [PMID: 36572649 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2157808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many roles of human platelets in health and disease are linked to their ability to transport and secrete a variety of small molecules and proteins carried in dense (δ-) and α-granules. Determination of granule number and content is important for diagnosis of platelet disorders and for studies of platelet structure, function, and development. We have optimized methods for detection and localization of platelet proteins via antibody and lectin staining, imaging via structured illumination laser fluorescence microscopy (SIM), and three-dimension (3D) image analysis. The methods were validated via comparison with published studies based on electron microscopy and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The α-granule cargo proteins thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), osteonectin (SPARC), fibrinogen (FGN), and Von Willebrand factor (VWF) were localized within the granule lumen, as was the proteoglycan serglycin (SRGN). Colocalization analysis indicates that staining with fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) allows detection of α-granules as effectively as immunostaining for cargo proteins, with the advantage of not requiring antibodies. RAB27B was observed to be concentrated at dense granules, allowing them to be counted via visual scoring and object analysis. We present a workflow for counting dense and α-granules via object analysis of 3D SIM images of platelets stained for RAB27B and with WGA.Abbreviation: SIM: structured illumination microscopy; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin; FGN: fibrinogen; TSP1: thrombospondin 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Matharu SS, Nordmann CS, Ottman KR, Akkem R, Palumbo D, Cruz DRD, Campbell K, Sievert G, Sturgill J, Porterfield JZ, Joshi S, Alfar HR, Peng C, Pokrovskaya ID, Kamykowski JA, Wood JP, Garvy B, Aronova MA, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Deep learning, 3D ultrastructural analysis reveals quantitative differences in platelet and organelle packing in COVID-19/SARSCoV2 patient-derived platelets. Platelets 2023; 34:2264978. [PMID: 37933490 PMCID: PMC10809228 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2264978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets contribute to COVID-19 clinical manifestations, of which microclotting in the pulmonary vasculature has been a prominent symptom. To investigate the potential diagnostic contributions of overall platelet morphology and their α-granules and mitochondria to the understanding of platelet hyperactivation and micro-clotting, we undertook a 3D ultrastructural approach. Because differences might be small, we used the high-contrast, high-resolution technique of focused ion beam scanning EM (FIB-SEM) and employed deep learning computational methods to evaluate nearly 600 individual platelets and 30 000 included organelles within three healthy controls and three severely ill COVID-19 patients. Statistical analysis reveals that the α-granule/mitochondrion-to-plateletvolume ratio is significantly greater in COVID-19 patient platelets indicating a denser packing of organelles, and a more compact platelet. The COVID-19 patient platelets were significantly smaller -by 35% in volume - with most of the difference in organelle packing density being due to decreased platelet size. There was little to no 3D ultrastructural evidence for differential activation of the platelets from COVID-19 patients. Though limited by sample size, our studies suggest that factors outside of the platelets themselves are likely responsible for COVID-19 complications. Our studies show how deep learning 3D methodology can become the gold standard for 3D ultrastructural studies of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Matharu
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassidy S Nordmann
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kurtis R Ottman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Akkem
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Palumbo
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denzel R D Cruz
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gail Sievert
- Center for Clinical Translational Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jamie Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James Z Porterfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hammodah R Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Peng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Beth Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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4
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Berna-Erro A, Granados MP, Rosado JA, Redondo PC. Thrombotic Alterations under Perinatal Hypoxic Conditions: HIF and Other Hypoxic Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14541. [PMID: 37833987 PMCID: PMC10572648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is considered to be a stressful physiological condition, which may occur during labor and the later stages of pregnancy as a result of, among other reasons, an aged placenta. Therefore, when gestation or labor is prolonged, low oxygen supply to the tissues may last for minutes, and newborns may present breathing problems and may require resuscitation maneuvers. As a result, poor oxygen supply to tissues and to circulating cells may last for longer periods of time, leading to life-threatening conditions. In contrast to the well-known platelet activation that occurs after reperfusion of the tissues due to an ischemia/reperfusion episode, platelet alterations in response to reduced oxygen exposition following labor have been less frequently investigated. Newborns overcome temporal hypoxic conditions by changing their organ functions or by adaptation of the intracellular molecular pathways. In the present review, we aim to analyze the main platelet modifications that appear at the protein level during hypoxia in order to highlight new platelet markers linked to complications arising from temporal hypoxic conditions during labor. Thus, we demonstrate that hypoxia modifies the expression and activity of hypoxic-response proteins (HRPs), including hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1), endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (Ero1), and carbonic anhydrase (CIX). Finally, we provide updates on research related to the regulation of platelet function due to HRP activation, as well as the role of HRPs in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), University of Extremadura, Avd de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (P.C.R.)
| | | | - Juan Antonio Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), University of Extremadura, Avd de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Pedro Cosme Redondo
- Department of Physiology (Phycell), University of Extremadura, Avd de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (A.B.-E.); (P.C.R.)
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5
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Farzamfar S, Elia E, Richer M, Chabaud S, Naji M, Bolduc S. Extracellular Matrix-Based and Electrospun Scaffolding Systems for Vaginal Reconstruction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:790. [PMID: 37508817 PMCID: PMC10376078 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital vaginal anomalies and pelvic organ prolapse affect different age groups of women and both have significant negative impacts on patients' psychological well-being and quality of life. While surgical and non-surgical treatments are available for vaginal defects, their efficacy is limited, and they often result in long-term complications. Therefore, alternative treatment options are urgently needed. Fortunately, tissue-engineered scaffolds are promising new treatment modalities that provide an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like environment for vaginal cells to adhere, secrete ECM, and be remodeled by host cells. To this end, ECM-based scaffolds or the constructs that resemble ECM, generated by self-assembly, decellularization, or electrospinning techniques, have gained attention from both clinicians and researchers. These biomimetic scaffolds are highly similar to the native vaginal ECM and have great potential for clinical translation. This review article aims to discuss recent applications, challenges, and future perspectives of these scaffolds in vaginal reconstruction or repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Farzamfar
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Elissa Elia
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megan Richer
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Naji
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666677951, Iran
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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6
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Kreft IC, Huisman EJ, Cnossen MH, van Alphen FPJ, van der Zwaan C, van Leeuwen K, van Spaendonk R, Porcelijn L, Veen CSB, van den Biggelaar M, de Haas M, Meijer AB, Hoogendijk AJ. Proteomic landscapes of inherited platelet disorders with different etiologies. JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:359-372.e3. [PMID: 36700500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that are caused by the defects in early megakaryopoiesis, proplatelet formation, and/or mature platelet function. Although genomic sequencing is increasingly used to identify genetic variants underlying IPD, this technique does not disclose resulting molecular changes that impact platelet function. Proteins are the functional units that shape platelet function; however, insights into how variants that cause IPDs impact platelet proteomes are limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to profile the platelet proteomics signatures of IPDs. METHODS We performed unbiased label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome profiling on platelets of 34 patients with IPDs with variants in 13 ISTH TIER1 genes that affect different stages of platelet development. RESULTS In line with the phenotypical heterogeneity between IPDs, proteomes were diverse between IPDs. We observed extensive proteomic alterations in patients with a GFI1B variant and for genetic variants in genes encoding proteins that impact cytoskeletal processes (MYH9, TUBB1, and WAS). Using the diversity between IPDs, we clustered protein dynamics, revealing disrupted protein-protein complexes. This analysis furthermore grouped proteins with similar cellular function and location, classifying mitochondrial protein constituents and identifying both known and putative novel alpha granule associated proteins. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we demonstrate a MS-based proteomics perspective to IPDs. By integrating the effects of IPDs that impact different aspects of platelet function, we dissected the biological contexts of protein alterations to gain further insights into the biology of platelet (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Kreft
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise J Huisman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon H Cnossen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalina van Spaendonk
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostic, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline S B Veen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B Meijer
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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COMManding platelet α-granule cargo. Blood 2022; 139:809-811. [PMID: 35142851 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021015053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Syntaxin 12 and COMMD3 are new factors that function with VPS33B in the biogenesis of platelet α-granules. Blood 2022; 139:922-935. [PMID: 34905616 PMCID: PMC8832482 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet α-granules regulate hemostasis and myriad other physiological processes, but their biogenesis is unclear. Mutations in only 3 proteins are known to cause α-granule defects and bleeding disorders in humans. Two such proteins, VPS16B and VPS33B, form a complex mediating transport of newly synthesized α-granule proteins through megakaryocyte (MK) endosomal compartments. It is unclear how the VPS16B/VPS33B complex accomplishes this function. Here we report VPS16B/VPS33B associates physically with Syntaxin 12 (Stx12), a SNARE protein that mediates vesicle fusion at endosomes. Importantly, Stx12-deficient MKs display reduced α-granule numbers and overall levels of α-granule proteins, thus revealing Stx12 as a new component of the α-granule biogenesis machinery. VPS16B/VPS33B also binds CCDC22, a component of the CCC complex working at endosome exit sites. CCDC22 competes with Stx12 for binding to VPS16B/VPS33B, suggesting a possible hand-off mechanism. Moreover, the major CCC form expressed in MKs contains COMMD3, one of 10 COMMD proteins. Deficiency of COMMD3/CCDC22 causes reduced α-granule numbers and overall levels of α-granule proteins, establishing the COMMD3/CCC complex as a new factor in α-granule biogenesis. Furthermore, P-selectin traffics through the cell surface in a COMMD3-dependent manner and depletion of COMMD3 results in lysosomal degradation of P-selectin and PF4. Stx12 and COMMD3/CCC deficiency cause less severe phenotypes than VPS16B/VPS33B deficiency, suggesting Stx12 and COMMD3/CCC assist but are less important than VPS16B/VPS33B in α-granule biogenesis. Mechanistically, our results suggest VPS16B/VPS33B coordinates the endosomal entry and exit of α-granule proteins by linking the fusogenic machinery with a ubiquitous endosomal retrieval complex that is repurposed in MKs to make α-granules.
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10
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Montague SJ, Patel P, Martin EM, Slater A, Quintanilla LG, Perrella G, Kardeby C, Nagy M, Mezzano D, Mendes PM, Watson SP. Platelet activation by charged ligands and nanoparticles: platelet glycoprotein receptors as pattern recognition receptors. Platelets 2021; 32:1018-1030. [PMID: 34266346 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1945571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge interactions play a critical role in the activation of the innate immune system by damage- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors. The ability of these receptors to recognize a wide spectrum of ligands through a common mechanism is critical in host defense. In this article, we argue that platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal through conserved tyrosine-based motifs function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for charged endogenous and exogenous ligands, including sulfated polysaccharides, charged proteins and nanoparticles. This is exemplified by GPVI, CLEC-2 and PEAR1 which are activated by a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous ligands, including diesel exhaust particles, sulfated polysaccharides and charged surfaces. We propose that this mechanism has evolved to drive rapid activation of platelets at sites of injury, but that under some conditions it can drive occlusive thrombosis, for example, when blood comes into contact with infectious agents or toxins. In this Opinion Article, we discuss mechanisms behind charge-mediated platelet activation and opportunities for designing nanoparticles and related agents such as dendrimers as novel antithrombotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pushpa Patel
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lourdes Garcia Quintanilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Kardeby
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Trombosis y Hemostasia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula M Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
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11
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Smith CW. Release of α-granule contents during platelet activation. Platelets 2021; 33:491-502. [PMID: 34569425 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1913576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of factors which help to mediate their dynamic functions in hemostasis, inflammation, wound healing, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The majority of these bioactive molecules are released from α-granules, which are unique to platelets, and contain an incredibly diverse repertoire of cargo including; integral membrane proteins, pro-coagulant molecules, chemokines, mitogenic, growth and angiogenic factors, adhesion proteins, and microbicidal proteins. Clinically, activation of circulating platelets has increasingly been associated with various disease states. Biomarkers indicating the level of platelet activation in patients can therefore be useful tools to evaluate risk factors to predict future complications and determine treatment strategies or evaluate antiplatelet therapy. The irreversible nature of α-granule secretion makes it ideally suited as a marker of platelet activation. This review outlines the release and contents of platelet α-granules, as well as the membrane bound, and soluble α-granule cargo proteins that can be used as biomarkers of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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