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Previti A, Biondi V, Passantino A, Or ME, Pugliese M. Canine Bacterial Endocarditis: A Text Mining and Topics Modeling Analysis as an Approach for a Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1237. [PMID: 38930619 PMCID: PMC11205685 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endocarditis (BE) is a severe infection of the endocardium and cardiac valves caused by bacterial agents in dogs. Diagnosis of endocarditis is challenging due to the variety of clinical presentations and lack of definitive diagnostic tests in its early stages. This study aims to provide a research literature analysis on BE in dogs based on text mining (TM) and topic analysis (TA) identifying dominant topics, summarizing their temporal trend, and highlighting any possible research gaps. A literature search was performed utilizing the Scopus® database, employing keywords pertaining to BE to analyze papers published in English from 1990 to 2023. The investigation followed a systematic approach based on the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 86 records were selected for analysis following screening procedures and underwent descriptive statistics, TM, and TA. The findings revealed that the number of records published per year has increased in 2007 and 2021. TM identified the words with the highest term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), and TA highlighted the main research areas, in the following order: causative agents, clinical findings and predisposing factors, case reports on endocarditis, outcomes and biomarkers, and infective endocarditis and bacterial isolation. The study confirms the increasing interest in BE but shows where further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Previti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Mehmet Erman Or
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (M.P.)
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2
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Romito G, Palatini L, Sabetti MC, Cipone M. Myocardial injury in dogs: a retrospective analysis on etiological, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, therapeutic, and outcome findings in 102 cases. J Vet Cardiol 2024; 53:36-51. [PMID: 38640640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In dogs, myocardial injury (MI) is a poorly characterized clinical entity; therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed description of dogs affected by this condition. ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Dogs diagnosed with MI according to the concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were retrospectively searched. Signalment, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data were retrieved. Dogs were divided into six echocardiographic (dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype with systolic dysfunction; abnormal echogenicity only; endocarditis; and no echocardiographic abnormalities suggestive of MI), four electrocardiographic (abnormalities of impulse formation; abnormalities of impulse conduction; abnormalities of ventricular repolarization; and no electrocardiographic abnormalities suggestive of MI), and nine etiological (infective; inflammatory; neoplastic; metabolic; toxic; nutritional; immune-mediated; traumatic/mechanical; and unknown) categories. Statistical analysis was performed to compare cTnI values among different categories and analyze survival. RESULTS One hundred two dogs were included. The median cTnI value was 3.71 ng/mL (0.2-180 ng/mL). Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities were documented in 86 of 102 and 89 of 102 dogs, respectively. Among echocardiographic and electrocardiographic categories, the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype (n = 52) and abnormalities of impulse formation (n = 67) were overrepresented, respectively. Among dogs in which a suspected etiological trigger was identified (68/102), the infective category was overrepresented (n = 20). Among dogs belonging to different echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and etiological categories, cTnI did not differ significantly. The median survival time was 603 days; only eight of 102 dogs died due to MI. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with MI often have an identifiable suspected trigger, show various echocardiographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and frequently survive to MI-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - L Palatini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M C Sabetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - M Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Margeti C, Kazakos G, Galatos AD, Skampardonis V, Zacharopoulou T, Tsioli V, Tyrnenopoulou P, Loukopoulos E, Papatsiros VG, Flouraki E. The Effect of a Subsequent Dose of Dexmedetomidine or Other Sedatives following an Initial Dose of Dexmedetomidine on Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, Creatinine, Glucose, and Cardiac Troponin I in Cats: Part II. Vet Sci 2024; 11:143. [PMID: 38668411 PMCID: PMC11053990 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The administered dose of dexmedetomidine may occasionally fail to produce the anticipated sedative effects. Therefore, a subsequent dose or administration of another sedative may enhance sedation; however, patient safety may be affected. The safety of seven different drugs administered at the following time point after an insufficient dose of dexmedetomidine was evaluated in a crossover, blind, experimental study that included six healthy adult cats. All cats received an initial dose of dexmedetomidine and a subsequent dose of either dexmedetomidine (Group DD), NS 0.9% (DC), tramadol (DT), butorphanol (DBT), buprenorphine (DBP), ketamine (DK), or midazolam (DM). Animal safety was assessed using repeated blood gas analysis and measurement of electrolytes, glucose, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine to evaluate cardiac, respiratory, and renal function. The median values of creatinine, cardiac troponin I, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, potassium, and sodium did not change significantly throughout the study. Heart rate was significantly decreased in all groups after administration of the drug combinations, except for in the DK group. Respiratory rate decreased significantly after administration of the initial dose of dexmedetomidine and in the DBP and DM groups. The partial pressure of oxygen, although normal, decreased significantly after the administration of dexmedetomidine, whereas the median concentration of glucose increased significantly following the administration of dexmedetomidine. The results of our study suggest that the drug combinations used did not alter the blood parameters above normal limits, while cardiac and renal function were not compromised. Therefore, a safe level of sedation was achieved. However, the administration of dexmedetomidine reduced the partial pressure of oxygen; thus, oxygen supplementation during sedation may be advantageous. Additionally, the increase in glucose concentration indicates that dexmedetomidine should not be used in cats with hyperglycaemia, whereas the decrease in haematocrit suggests that dexmedetomidine is not recommended in anaemic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Margeti
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Georgios Kazakos
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Apostolos D. Galatos
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Vassilis Skampardonis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Theodora Zacharopoulou
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Vassiliki Tsioli
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Panagiota Tyrnenopoulou
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Epameinondas Loukopoulos
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eugenia Flouraki
- Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (A.D.G.); (T.Z.); (V.T.); (P.T.); (E.L.)
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Wang Y, Seo J. Transient myocardial thickening after routine ovariohysterectomy in a 15-month-old Ragdoll cat. J Small Anim Pract 2024. [PMID: 38444263 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A 15-month-old female Ragdoll cat was evaluated for progressive lethargy, tachypnoea and increased respiratory effort for 1 week after routine ovariohysterectomy. Thoracic radiographs and an echocardiogram showed evidence of congestive heart failure and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, respectively. The maximum left ventricular wall thickness in end diastole was 6.2 mm. The serum cardiac troponin I concentration was 20.86 ng/mL. The cat was treated with furosemide and clopidogrel and discharged after 3 days. A repeat echocardiogram 2 weeks later showed complete resolution of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype (maximum left ventricular wall thickness: 5.0 mm). A repeat cardiac troponin I concentration was 0.041 ng/mL. All cardiac medications were discontinued. A final recheck 4 weeks later revealed stable normal echocardiogram and further reduction in cardiac troponin I concentration to 0.004 ng/mL. This case report demonstrates that resolution of transient myocardial thickening can take 2 weeks after the echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Animal Referral Centre Central, Animal Referral Centre, 8 Hereford Street, Freemans Bay, Auckland, 1011, New Zealand
| | - J Seo
- Animal Referral Centre Central, Animal Referral Centre, 8 Hereford Street, Freemans Bay, Auckland, 1011, New Zealand
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Anderson KM, Nadolny K, Mylniczenko ND, Estrada AH, Bissett LE, Jones AE. DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN SLENDER-TAILED MEERKATS ( SURICATA SURICATTA) UNDER HUMAN CARE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:155-163. [PMID: 38453498 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed at two accredited zoological institutions in the United States were evaluated via echocardiography, thoracic radiography, and blood biomarkers-taurine and feline N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide-to determine the prevalence and severity of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in both populations. In total, 24 meerkats were evaluated and 7 were diagnosed with DCM based on the following parameters: left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole > 1.30 cm, left ventricular internal diameter at end systole > 1.10 cm, and a fractional shortening of <18%. Echocardiographic parameters were identified and reported for normal and affected meerkats, whereas thoracic radiographs were not useful for screening for DCM. Meerkats with DCM were treated with pimobendan and/or benazepril and furosemide if indicated. Seven meerkats died during the study period, with the majority exhibiting myocardial fibrosis. Of the blood parameters tested, elevated taurine levels were associated with DCM. Further research is necessary to characterize the etiology of DCM in meerkats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Nadolny
- Summit Veterinary Referral Center, Tacoma, WA 98409, USA
| | - Natalie D Mylniczenko
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Department of Animal Health, FL 32830, USA
| | - Amara H Estrada
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lindsey E Bissett
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ashley E Jones
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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6
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Romito G, Elmi A, Guglielmini C, Poser H, Valente C, Castagna P, Mazzoldi C, Cipone M. Transient myocardial thickening: a retrospective analysis on etiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome findings in 27 cats. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:51-62. [PMID: 37924558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Transient myocardial thickening (TMT) in cats is a poorly characterized clinical entity. Therefore, this study aimed to provide descriptions of additional cats diagnosed with this clinical phenomenon. ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS For this multicenter observational retrospective study, cats diagnosed with TMT were searched in three medical databases. TMT was defined for cats with at least two echocardiograms showing an increased end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness (LVWTd; i.e. ≥6 mm) at presentation and subsequent echocardiographic normalization (i.e. LVWTd <5.5 mm). Signalment, history, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome data were retrieved. RESULTS Twenty seven cats were included. The median age was 3 years. In 9/27 cats, an antecedent event was documented. At admission, 27/27 cats had evidence of myocardial injury (median value of cardiac troponin I 5.5 ng/mL), 25/27 cats had congestive heart failure, 13/27 cats had hypothermia, 8/27 cats had systemic hypotension, 7/27 cats had bradycardia, and 7/27 cats had electrocardiographic evidence of an arrhythmia. The median LVWTd was 6.4 mm. A potential cause of myocardial injury was identified in 14/27 cats. The median time from diagnosis to a significant reduction in LVWTd was 43 days. DISCUSSION TMT can be diagnosed in a wide range of cats, including young subjects. An antecedent predisposing event and/or a possible causative trigger can be identified in some. The reduction in LVWTd that defines this phenomenon usually occurs over a variable time frame. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest investigation of TMT in cats and provides additional information on this uncommon clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - A Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - C Guglielmini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - H Poser
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - C Valente
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - P Castagna
- Freelance Veterinary Cardiologist, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Mazzoldi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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7
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Pugliese M, Napoli E, La Maestra R, Or ME, Bilgiç B, Previti A, Biondi V, Passantino A. Cardiac Troponin I and Electrocardiographic Evaluation in Hospitalized Cats with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Vet Sci 2023; 10:570. [PMID: 37756092 PMCID: PMC10538112 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies conducted on humans demonstrate the increase in cardiac troponins and the onset of arrhythmias in the course of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The aim of the current study was to assess the blood concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and electrocardiographic findings in SIRS-affected cats. Seventeen shorthair cats hospitalized with SIRS were enrolled (Group 1). SIRS diagnosis was performed based on the detection of at least two of the four criteria such as abnormal body temperature, abnormal heart rate (i.e., tachycardia or bradycardia), abnormal respiratory rate (i.e., tachypnea or bradypnea), and alterations of white blood cell number (i.e., leukocytes or band neutrophils). Ten cats screened for elective surgery such as neutering or dental procedures were evaluated as a control population (Group 2). They were considered healthy based on history, physical examination, hematological and biochemical profile, urinalysis, coprological exam, thyroxine assay, blood pressure measurement, and echocardiography. A physical examination, complete blood cell count, biochemistry test (including an electrolyte panel), electrocardiographic examination, and cTnI assay were carried out in each cat enrolled. Traumatic events, gastrointestinal, neoplastic, respiratory, and neurological disorders were identified as causes of SIRS in Group 1. In Group 1, a significantly higher concentration of cTnI than that in Group 2 was recorded (p = 0.004). In 37.5% of cats with SIRS, ventricular premature complexes occurring in couplets with multiform configuration were detected. Similarly, to humans, data herein reported would indicate possible cardiac damage present in cats with SIRS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ettore Napoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Rocky La Maestra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mehmet Erman Or
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.E.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Bengü Bilgiç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.E.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Annalisa Previti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
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8
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Dines B, Kellihan H, Allen C, Loynachan A, Bochsler P, Newbury S. Case report: Long-term survival in puppies assessed with echocardiography, electrocardiography and cardiac troponin I after acute death in littermates due to parvoviral myocarditis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1229756. [PMID: 37645673 PMCID: PMC10462392 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1229756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive clinical outcomes of a group of surviving puppies from a litter affected by parvoviral myocarditis are detailed in this case report. Past reports focus on the negative outcomes of littermates of puppies who have died of parvoviral myocarditis. In this case, two puppies in a shelter setting, from a litter exposed to parvovirus, died suddenly with parvoviral myocarditis diagnosed at necropsy. The other seven puppies were screened for cardiac health with echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and cardiac troponin I prior to adoption. All seven puppies had normal echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and normal initial and recheck cardiac troponin I results. At recheck 2 years after the initial round of testing, two of the puppies were screened and continue to have normal cardiac diagnostics. All seven dogs are alive and thriving at 5 years old in homes with adopters who were given a complete medical history on the dogs prior to adoption. In summary, the outcomes for puppies in litters affected by parvoviral myocarditis are variable but they do not have to be grave. The use of cardiac diagnostics including echocardiogram, electrocardiogram and cardiac troponin I may serve as a prognostic basis for assessing the potential outcomes for the surviving puppies in affected litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Dines
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Shelter Medicine Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Heidi Kellihan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carolyn Allen
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Shelter Medicine Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alan Loynachan
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Philip Bochsler
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra Newbury
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Shelter Medicine Program, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Wesselowski S, Lidbury J, Saunders AB, Gordon SG, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Analytical validation, sample stability, and clinical evaluation of a new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay for use in dogs, with comparison to a previous ultrasensitive assay. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288801. [PMID: 37463140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered the gold standard biomarker for myocardial injury and shows a high degree of homology between humans and dogs. The ADVIA Centaur XP High-Sensitivity Troponin I (AC-cTnI-HS) assay has been validated for use in humans but not dogs. The study objectives were to analytically validate the AC-cTnI-HS assay in dogs, to assess correlation between the AC-cTnI-HS and a previous ADVIA Centaur TnI-Ultra (AC-cTnI-U) assay, to assess cTnI sample storage stability, and to clinically evaluate the AC-cTnI-HS assay in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiac disease. Canine serum samples were used for analytical validation. Intra- and inter-assay variability, dilutional parallelism, and spiking recovery were assessed. Samples from 196 client-owned dogs were evaluated (healthy dogs (n = 39) or dogs with congenital heart disease (n = 54), myxomatous mitral valve disease (n = 68), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 15), or myocarditis (n = 20)). Inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variation (%CV) was between 2.8-41.4% and 3.8-30.2%, respectively, with pools with concentrations >20 pg/mL all having %CVs <10%. The observed to expected ratios for dilutional parallelism and spiking recovery experiments ranged between 92.3 and 266.7.0% and 84.3 and 108%, respectively. A strong correlation between the AC-cTnI-HS and AC-cTnI-U assays was observed (Spearman's ρ = 0.927), though a proportional bias existed, with AC-cTnI-HS assay concentrations being proportionally lower than AC-cTnI-U assay concentrations. Serum samples stored at -80°C had stable cTnI measurements for up to 2.7 years and after a single freeze-thaw cycle. Healthy dogs and dogs with congenital heart disease had significantly lower cTnI concentrations than dogs in the other three groups. The AC-cTnI-HS assay precisely, reproducibly, and accurately measures cTnI concentrations in dog serum with cTnI concentrations >20 pg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Wesselowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Lidbury
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sonya G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Diggelmann ALR, Baron Toaldo M, Bektas RN, Furthner E, Reichler IM, Kutter APN. Atipamezole Reverses Cardiovascular Changes Induced by High-Dose Medetomidine in Cats Undergoing Sedation for Semen Collection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1909. [PMID: 37370419 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at describing the change in echocardiographic variables after high-dose medetomidine and the reversal with atipamezole in six cats undergoing sedation for semen collection. Further cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) concentration and the effect of repeated sedation were assessed. Echocardiography was performed before and 20 min after sedation with 0.1 mg/kg medetomidine intramuscularly (IM) for urethral catheterisation. Prior to epididymectomy, S-ketamine was administered intravenously. Twenty minutes after reversal with 0.5 mg/kg atipamezole IM, the third echocardiography was performed. Sedation with medetomidine and reversal with atipamezole was repeated on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Heart rate (HR) and rhythm were monitored throughout all sedations. On day 0 and 28 cTnI concentrations were measured before and after the procedure. After normality testing, the values were compared over time. The administration of medetomidine led to a marked reduction in HR, cardiac output and ventricular systolic function and a significant increase in left ventricular dimensions. Rhythm abnormalities, such as ventricular premature complexes and idioventricular rhythm, could be observed. The administration of atipamezole completely reversed sedation and the changes in haemodynamic variables. No significant increase in cTnI concentrations could be detected, although two out of six cats showed values above the reference range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lea R Diggelmann
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima N Bektas
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Furthner
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iris M Reichler
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette P N Kutter
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Ando T, Izawa T, Nishida H, Akiyoshi H. Clinical findings using echocardiography and plasma cardiac troponin I and pathological findings in dogs with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study. Open Vet J 2023; 13:742-752. [PMID: 37545712 PMCID: PMC10399649 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is considered rare in dogs, and there is a lack of clinical data. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a biomarker of cardiomyocyte damage and necrosis and can be used to diagnose cat and human HCM. Aim We investigated whether the presence of cTnI in clinical data can be used in conjunction with echocardiography to diagnose canine HCM. Methods This study comprised client-owned dogs with clinical evidence of concentric hypertrophy on echocardiographic images, serum total thyroxine levels of ≤5 µg/dl, systolic blood pressure of ≤180 mmHg, and absence of aortic stenosis. All cases were necropsied. Results Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (mean diameter, 18.3 ± 1.8 µm), myocardial fiber disarray (70%), interstitial fibrosis (80%), and small vessel disease (100%) were assessed. In dogs with HCM, the left ventricles were concentric, almost symmetrical, and hypertrophied above the aortic diameter. The end-diastolic interventricular septum normalized to body weight [intraventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSDN)] was 0.788 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.7-0.92], which exceeded the normal range (5%-95%, IQR: 0.33-0.52). In total, 70% of the dogs with HCM had syncope and dyspnea, and all dogs had high cTnI levels (median, 3.94 ng/ml), exceeding the upper limit of normal (0.11 ng/ml) and indicating cardiomyocyte damage. IVSDN and serum cTnI levels were correlated (ρ = 0.839, p = 0.01). Conclusion Ventricular wall thickening and high serum cTnI levels can provide a presumptive diagnosis of HCM and prompt the initiation of treatment or additional diagnostic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Ando
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Ando Animal Hospital, Awaji, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Casamián-Sorrosal D, Barrera-Chacón R, Fonfara S, Cristobal-Verdejo JI, Talavera-López J, Belinchón-Lorenzo S, Miró-Corrales G, Caro-Vadillo A, Duque FJ. Evaluation of heart fatty acid-binding protein as a biomarker for canine leishmaniosis. Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2683. [PMID: 36755402 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis frequently occurs in canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Heart fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) is a biomarker of myocardial damage. METHODS This study aimed to compare HFABP concentration (HFABPc) in healthy dogs and dogs at different stages of CanL and evaluate the correlation of this biomarker with several clinicopathological and echocardiographic variables. Thirty-one dogs diagnosed with CanL and 10 healthy dogs were included. RESULTS HFABPc was not statistically different (p > 0.05) between groups of dogs at different LeishVet stages of CanL or between groups with high versus low to intermediate serology titres. In 70% of CanL dogs, HFABPc was within the 95% confidence interval limits of the mean of healthy dogs. A moderate negative correlation with globulin (r = -0.519; p = 0.03) and haematocrit (HCT) (r = -0.538; p = 0.02) was observed. No other significant correlation (p > 0.05) was observed with any other variable. LIMITATIONS Many statistical tests were performed, and therefore, type I error cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSION HFABPc is not consistently elevated in dogs with CanL and is not associated with the severity of the disease, or most echocardiographic or clinicopathological variables studied. The correlation with globulin and HCT was not strong and not considered clinically significant. HFABPc lacks sufficient predictive capacity in dogs with CanL, discouraging further research or clinical use of this biomarker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Casamián-Sorrosal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital & Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Barrera-Chacón
- Department of Animal Medicine & LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Sonja Fonfara
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - José Ignacio Cristobal-Verdejo
- Department of Animal Medicine & LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jesús Talavera-López
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery & Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary School, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Belinchón-Lorenzo
- Department of Animal Medicine & LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró-Corrales
- Department of Animal Health & Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Caro-Vadillo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery & Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Duque
- Department of Animal Medicine & LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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13
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Barnett BG, Wesselowski SR, Gordon SG, Saunders AB, Promislow DEL, Schwartz SM, Chou L, Evans JB, Kaeberlein M, Creevy KE. A masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating safety and the effect on cardiac function of low-dose rapamycin in 17 healthy client-owned dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1168711. [PMID: 37275618 PMCID: PMC10233048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1168711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Geroscience studies of low-dose rapamycin in laboratory species have identified numerous benefits, including reversing age-related cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovascular benefits have been observed in dogs with 10 weeks of treatment, raising questions about possible benefits and adverse effects of long-term use of low-dose rapamycin. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of 6 months of low-dose rapamycin on echocardiographic indices of cardiac function in healthy dogs and to document the occurrence of adverse events. Methods Seventeen client-owned dogs aged 6-10 years, weighing 18-36 kg, and without significant systemic disease were included in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, masked clinical trial. Low-dose rapamycin (0.025 mg/kg) or placebo was administered three times per week for 6 months. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month evaluation included physical examination, cardiology examination, and clinicopathology. Three-month evaluation included physical examination and clinicopathology. Owners completed online questionnaires every 2 weeks. Results There were no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic parameters between rapamycin and placebo groups at 6 or 12 months. No clinically significant adverse events occurred. In 26.8% of the bi-weekly surveys owners whose dogs received rapamycin reported perceived positive changes in behavior or health, compared to 8.1% in the placebo group (p = 0.04). Discussion While no clinically significant change in cardiac function was observed in dogs treated with low-dose rapamycin, the drug was well-tolerated with no significant adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Barnett
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sonya R Wesselowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sonya G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen M Schwartz
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucy Chou
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy B Evans
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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14
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Singh P, Banton S, Raheb S, Templeman JR, Saunders-Blades J, Kostiuk D, Kelly J, Marinangeli CP, Verbrugghe A, Verton-Shaw S, Shoveller AK. The Pulse of It: Dietary Inclusion of Up to 45% Whole Pulse Ingredients with Chicken Meal and Pea Starch in a Complete and Balanced Diet Does Not Affect Cardiac Function, Fasted Sulfur Amino Acid Status, or Other Gross Measures of Health in Adult Dogs. J Nutr 2023; 153:1461-1475. [PMID: 36972833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulses are an attractive alternative protein source for all mammals; however, recent reports suggest that these ingredients may be related to developing dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to quantify the effects of dietary pulse intake by adult dogs on cardiac function using echocardiographic measurements and cardiac biomarkers N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Second, to investigate the effects of pulse consumption on plasma sulfur amino acid (SAA) concentrations as pulses are generally low in SAA and may limit taurine synthesis. Last, to assess the general safety and efficacy of feeding pulse-containing diets on canine body composition and hematological and biochemical indices. METHODS Twenty-eight privately-owned domestic Siberian Huskies (13 females; 4 intact, and 15 males; 6 intact) with a mean age of 5.3 ± 2.8 y (± SD) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 7/treatment), with equal micronutrient supplementation and increasing whole pulse ingredient inclusion (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%) with pea starch used to balance protein and energy. RESULTS After 20 wks of feeding, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in echocardiographic parameters, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and cTnI concentrations among treatments or across time within treatment (P > 0.05), indicating no differences in cardiac function among treatments. Concentrations of cTnI remained below the safe upper limit of 0.2 ng/mL for all dogs. Plasma SAA status, body composition, and hematological and biochemical indices were similar among treatments and over time (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that increasing the inclusion of pulses up to 45% with the removal of grains and equal micronutrient supplementation does not impact cardiac function concurrent with dilated cardiomyopathy, body composition, or SAA status and is safe for healthy adult dogs to consume when fed for 20 wks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanpreet Singh
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney Banton
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shari Raheb
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Templeman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shoshana Verton-Shaw
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Sidler M, Santarelli G, Kovacevic A, Novo Matos J, Schreiber N, Baron Toaldo M. Ventricular pre-excitation in cats: 17 cases. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 47:70-82. [PMID: 37267820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrioventricular accessory pathways are abnormal electrical connections between the atria and ventricles that predispose to ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) and tachycardias. ANIMALS Seventeen cats with VPE and 15 healthy matched-control cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Multicenter case-control retrospective study. Clinical records were searched for cats with VPE, defined as preserved atrioventricular synchrony, reduced PQ interval, and increased QRS complex duration with a delta wave. Clinical, electrocardiography, echocardiographic, and outcome data were collated. RESULTS Most cats with VPE were male (16/17 cats), non-pedigree cats (11/17 cats). Median age and mean body weight were 5.4 years (0.3-11.9 years) and 4.6 ± 0.8 kg, respectively. Clinical signs at presentation included lethargy (10/17 cats), tachypnea (6/17 cats), and/or syncope (3/17 cats). In two cats, VPE was an incidental finding. Congestive heart failure was uncommon (3/17 cats). Nine (9/17) cats had tachyarrhythmias: 7/9 cats had narrow QRS complex tachycardia and 2/9 cats had wide QRS complex tachycardia. Four cats had ventricular arrhythmias. Cats with VPE had larger left (P < 0.001) and right (P < 0.001) atria and thicker interventricular septum (P = 0.019) and left ventricular free wall (P = 0.028) than controls. Three cats had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included different combinations of sotalol (5/17 cats), diltiazem (5/17 cats), atenolol (4/17 cats), furosemide (4/17 cats), and platelet inhibitors (4/17 cats). Five cats died, all from cardiac death (median survival time 1882 days [2-1882 days]). CONCLUSIONS Cats with VPE had a relatively long survival, albeit showing larger atria and thicker left ventricular walls than healthy cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sidler
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Kovacevic
- Division of Small Animal Cardiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Novo Matos
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - N Schreiber
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Morey AGN, Lamb KE, Karnia JJ, Wiggen KE, Lyons BM, Nafe LA, Leach SB. N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin-I, and point-of-care ultrasound in dogs with cardiac and noncardiac causes of nonhemorrhagic ascites. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:900-909. [PMID: 37060291 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhemorrhagic ascites (NHA) can be caused by cardiac diseases (cNHA) and noncardiac diseases (ncNHA). N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may differentiate between cNHA and ncNHA. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We compared NT-proBNP and cTnI concentrations as well as POCUS findings in dogs presented with cNHA and ncNHA. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 60) were enrolled based on identification of NHA with an effusion packed cell volume < 10%. METHODS Blood samples were collected and POCUS was performed on all dogs. Dogs were diagnosed with cNHA (n = 28) or ncNHA (n = 32) based on echocardiography. The cNHA group was subdivided into cardiac non-pericardial disease (n = 17) and pericardial disease (n = 11). RESULTS The NT-proBNP concentration (median; range pmol/L) was significantly higher in the cNHA group (4510; 250-10 000) compared to the ncNHA group (739.5; 250-10 000; P = .01), with a sensitivity of 53.8% and specificity of 85.7% using a cut-off of 4092 pmol/L. The NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the cardiac non-pericardial disease group (8339; 282-10 000) compared with the pericardial disease group (692.5; 250-4928; P = .002). A significant difference in cTnI concentration (median; range ng/L) between the cNHA group (300; 23-112 612) and ncNHA group (181; 17-37 549) was not detected (P = .41). A significantly higher number of dogs had hepatic venous and caudal vena cava distension in the cNHA group compared to the ncNHA group, respectively (18/28 vs 3/29, P < .0001 and 13/27 vs 2/29, P < .001). Gall bladder wall edema was not significantly different between groups (4/28 vs 3/29, P = .74). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE NT-proBNP concentration and POCUS help distinguish between cNHA and ncNHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G N Morey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | - James J Karnia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly E Wiggen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bridget M Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura A Nafe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Stacey B Leach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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17
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Oikonomidis IL, Theodorou K, Papaioannou E, Xenoulis PG, Adamama-Moraitou KK, Steiner JM, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Suchodolski JS, Rallis T, Soubasis N. Serial measurement of cardiac troponin I in hospitalised dogs with canine parvoviral enteritis: Association with outcome and canine pancreas-specific lipase concentration. Res Vet Sci 2023; 157:1-5. [PMID: 36827790 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to serially evaluate serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (CPVE), and investigate the association with outcome and serum pancreas-specific lipase (Spec cPL) concentrations. Dogs with CPVE that were hospitalised for at least 5 days were included. cTnI and Spec cPL concentrations were measured on days 1, 3 and 5 of hospitalisation. Twenty-nine dogs (20 survivors, 9 non-survivors) were included. Spec cPL was indicative of pancreatitis (>400 μg/L) on at least one day in 10/29 (34.5%) dogs. Serum median (range) cTnI concentration was higher (P = 0.021) in non-survivors on day 5 [0.032 (0.001-0.395) ng/mL] compared to day 1 [0.012 (0.003-0.196) ng/mL]. Non-survivors had higher (P = 0.014) cTnI concentrations on day 5 [0.032 (0.001-0.395) ng/mL] compared to survivors [0.001 (0.001-0.042) ng/mL], but not at admission or on day 3 (P > 0.05). Serum cTnI concentrations were not significantly different (P = 0.465) between the three Spec cPL groups [group 1 (Spec cPL ≤ 200 μg/L): 0.007 (0.001-0.527) ng/mL; group 2 (Spec cPL: 201-399 μg/L): 0.0045 (0.001-0.196) ng/mL; group 3 (Spec cPL ≥ 400 μg/L): 0.011 (0.001-0.278) ng/mL]. cTnI and Spec cPL concentrations were not significantly correlated (rho = -0.043, P = 0.703). Serial measurement of cTnI had prognostic value in the examined cohort. However, cTnI was not correlated with spec cPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Oikonomidis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - K Theodorou
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Papaioannou
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P G Xenoulis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - K K Adamama-Moraitou
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - M Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - T Rallis
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Soubasis
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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De Nardi AB, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Paiva FN, Linhares LCM, Carra GJU, dos Santos Horta R, Ruiz Sueiro FA, Jark PC, Nishiya AT, de Carvalho Vasconcellos CH, Ubukata R, Batschinski K, Sobral RA, Fernandes SC, Biondi LR, De Francisco Strefezzi R, Matera JM, Rangel MMM, dos Anjos DS, Brunner CHM, Laufer-Amorim R, Cadrobbi KG, Cirillo JV, Martins MC, de Paula Reis Filho N, Silva Lessa DF, Portela R, Scarpa Carneiro C, Ricci Lucas SR, Fukumasu H, Feliciano MAR, Gomes Quitzan J, Dagli MLZ. Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072025. [PMID: 37046686 PMCID: PMC10093745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.
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Kim HJ, Kim J, Kim S, Kim HJ. Can cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP1) use as a novel biomarker for canine myxomatous mitral valve degeneration levels or not? BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:59. [PMID: 36882760 PMCID: PMC9990206 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is the most common degenerative heart disease in dogs and is associated with irreversible changes in the valve tissue. Although traditional cardiac biomarkers are efficient for diagnosing MMVD, there are limitations, therefore, it is important to find novel biomarkers. Cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP1), an extracellular matrix-derived protein, acts as a transforming growth factor-β antagonist and is involved in myocardial fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate serum CILP1 levels in canines with MMVD. Dogs with MMVD were staged according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus guidelines. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS CILP1 levels were elevated in dogs with MMVD (n = 27) compared to healthy controls (n = 8). Furthermore, results showed that CILP1 levels were significantly higher in stage C group dogs compared to healthy controls. The ROC curve of CILP1 and NT-proBNP were good predictors of MMVD, although no similarity was observed between the two. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalized to the body weight (LVIDdn) and left atrial to aorta dimension (LA/Ao) showed a strong association with CILP1 levels; however, no correlation was observed between CILP1 levels and vertebral heart size (VHS) and vertebral left atrial score (VLAS). The optimal cut-off value was selected from the ROC curve and dogs were classified according to the cut-off value (1.068 ng/mL, sensitivity 51.9%, specificity 100%). Results showed a significant association of CILP1 with cardiac remodeling indicators, such as VHS, VLAS, LA/Ao, and LVIDdn. CONCLUSIONS CILP1 can be an indicator of cardiac remodeling in canines with MMVD and therefore, can be used as an MMVD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Ha-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea. .,BK 21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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20
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El Sharkawy S, Dukes-McEwan J, Abdelrahman H, Stephenson H. Long-term outcome and troponin I concentrations in Great Danes screened for dilated cardiomyopathy: an observational retrospective epidemiological study. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 47:1-13. [PMID: 37099865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is common in Great Danes (GDs) but screening for this condition can be challenging. We hypothesised that cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) concentration is elevated in GDs with DCM and/or ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), and is associated with reduced survival time in GDs. ANIMALS One hundred and twenty-four client-owned GDs assigned echocardiographically as normal (n = 53), equivocal (n = 37), preclinical DCM (n = 21), or clinical DCM (n = 13). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective epidemiological study. Echocardiographic diagnosis, VAs, and contemporaneous cTnI concentrations were recorded. Diagnostic accuracy and cTnI cut-offs were determined with receiver operating characteristic analyses. Effects of the cTnI concentration and disease status on survival and cause of death were explored. RESULTS Median cTnI was greater in clinical DCM (0.6 ng/mL [25th-75th percentiles: 0.41-1.71 ng/mL]) and GDs with VAs (0.5 ng/mL [0.27-0.80 ng/mL], P<0.001). Elevated cTnI detected these dogs with good accuracy (area under the curve: 0.78-0.85; cut-offs 0.199-0.34 ng/mL). Thirty-eight GDs (30.6%) suffered a cardiac death (CD); GDs suffering CD (0.25 ng/mL [0.21-0.53 ng/mL]) and specifically sudden cardiac death (SCD) (0.51 ng/mL [0.23-0.72 ng/mL]) had higher cTnI than GDs dying of other causes (0.20 ng/mL [0.14-0.35 ng/mL]; P<0.001). Elevated cTnI (>0.199 ng/mL) was associated with shorter long-term survival (1.25 years) and increased risk of SCD. Great Danes with VAs had shorter survival times (0.97 years). CONCLUSIONS A cardiac troponin-I concentration is a useful adjunctive screening tool. Elevated cTnI is a negative prognostic indicator.
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21
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McFarland A, Moresco A, Han S, Lombardi C, Johnson JG. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF BINTURONGS ( ARCTICTIS BINTURONG) IN UNITED STATES ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS (1986-2019). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:73-81. [PMID: 36971631 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Veterinary literature on diseases in binturong (Arctictis binturong) is often limited to case series or reports without population-level information. Morbidity and mortality data were collected from North American institutions through survey completion or submission of medical records. Responses included information about 74 individuals (37 males, 30 females, and 7 unknown neonates) representing 22 institutions, from 1986 to 2019. Antemortem data were available from 39 individuals, and postmortem data were available from 53 individuals. Eighteen individuals had both antemortem and postmortem records available. Age (mean ± SD) at death for adults (n = 41) was 15.2 ± 4.3 yr. Morbidity events were summarized by affected organ system; 160 events were reported. The systems with the most frequently reported events were gastrointestinal (33%; 53/160), integumentary (19%; 31/160), urinary (12%; 20/160), and musculoskeletal (19 [12%] of 160). Excluding neonates, primary causes of mortality included neoplasia (51%; 21/41), infectious or inflammatory diseases (24%; 10/41), and cardiovascular disease (17%; 7/41). Neoplasms (51%; 21/41) confirmed on histopathology included renal adenocarcinoma (47%; 10/21); mammary carcinoma (14%; 3/21); pancreatic islet cell carcinoma (2 [10%] of 21); and single instances of multicentric lymphoma, uterine carcinoma, and submucosal urethral adenoma. There were three additional cases of presumed neoplasia without histopathologic confirmation; masses were detected in the liver, heart base, and pancreas. Metastases were reported in 15 (71%) of 21 neoplasms. Although neoplasia and cardiovascular disease were common causes of mortality, they were rarely diagnosed antemortem. Neoplasia was often malignant and generally diagnosed after metastasis. Preventive medicine protocols with improved renal and cardiovascular evaluation are warranted and may result in earlier detection of subclinical disease in binturong.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anneke Moresco
- Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Denver, CO 80205, USA
- Denver Zoo, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | - Sushan Han
- Denver Zoo, Denver, CO 80205, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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22
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Pelander L, Bach MBT, Ljungvall I, Willesen JL, Koch J, Dreimanis K, Telling A, Damsgard RM, Ohlsson Å, Häggström J, Langhorn R. Evaluation of cardiac troponin I as a predictor of death in critically ill cats. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:403-411. [PMID: 36708236 PMCID: PMC10061183 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally high serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration, reflecting leakage from or necrosis of cardiomyocytes, is a negative prognosticator for death in dogs. OBJECTIVES To investigate in critically ill cats whether serum cTnI concentration is abnormally high, identify conditions associated with abnormally high cTnI concentrations, and evaluate cTnI as an independent prognosticator for death and a potential coprognosticator to the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score in cats. ANIMALS One hundred nineteen cats admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and 13 healthy cats at 2 university teaching hospitals. METHODS Prospective study. Clinical examinations were performed, APPLE scores calculated, and serum cTnI and serum amyloid A (SAA) measured within 24 hours after admission. Outcome was defined as death/euthanasia or survival to discharge, 28 and 90 days after ICU-admission. Prognostic capacity of cTnI, APPLE scores and models combining cTnI and scores were evaluated by receiver-operator-characteristic analyses. RESULTS Median (IQR) serum cTnI concentration was higher in ill (0.63 [0.18-2.65] ng/mL) compared to healthy (0.015 [0.005-0.041] ng/mL) cats (P < .001) and higher in subgroups with structural cardiac disease (2.05 [0.54-16.59] ng/mL; P < .001) or SAA >5 mg/L (0.84 [0.23-2.81] ng/mL; P = .009) than in cats without these characteristics (0.45 [0.12-1.70] and 0.35 [0.015-0.96] ng/mL). The in-hospital case fatality rate was 29%. Neither serum cTnI concentration for all critically ill cats (area-under-the-curve 0.567 [95% CI 0.454-0.680], n = 119) or subgroups (0.625 [0.387-0.863], n = 27; 0.506 [0.360-0.652], n = 86), nor APPLE scores (fast 0.568 [0.453-0.682], full 0.585 [0.470-0.699], n = 100), were significant prognosticators for death. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Abnormally high serum cTnI concentration was common in critically ill cats. Unlike in dogs, cTnI did not confer prognostic information regarding death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maiken B T Bach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob L Willesen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jörgen Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Dreimanis
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amalie Telling
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke M Damsgard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Åsa Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Langhorn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Cridge H, Langlois DK, Steiner JM, Sanders RA. Cardiovascular abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 37:28-36. [PMID: 36433845 PMCID: PMC9889725 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and clinical importance of cardiac abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown. ANIMALS Twelve dogs with AP and 60 archived serum samples from dogs with suspected AP. METHODS Two-phase study. PHASE I Analysis of archived serum samples from dogs with clinical signs of AP and high Spec cPL concentrations. High sensitivity troponin I (TnIH) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations were measured in achieved serum samples. PHASE II Prospective observational study. Dogs with AP underwent echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and plasma NT-proBNP concentrations were measured. Previously described disease severity indices were calculated for each dog. RESULTS Phase I: 41 of 60 dogs suspected of having AP had abnormally high TnIH concentrations and 13 of 60 had abnormally high serum NT-proBNP concentrations. Higher TnIH concentrations were observed in dogs with Spec cPL concentration >2000 μg/L as compared to those with concentrations of 1000-2000 μg/L. PHASE II 11 of 12 dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis had abnormal cTnI concentrations (median: 0.384 ng/mL, range: 0.041-2.966 ng/mL, RI: ≤0.06 ng/mL) and 7 of 12 dogs had plasma NT-proBNP concentrations above the reference interval (median: 971 pmol/L, range: 250-2215 pmol/L, RI: ≤900 pmol/L). Supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 3 dogs. Echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 5 dogs. Cardiovascular variables were not associated with indices of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Myocardial injury is common in dogs with AP, but clinical consequences appeared to be uncommon in our small cohort. Cardiac biomarkers should be interpreted with caution in dogs with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Cridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel K. Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Robert A. Sanders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Pugliese M, La Maestra R, Ragusa M, Or ME, Merola G, Napoli E, Passantino A. Electrocardiographic Findings and Cardiac Troponin I Assay in Dogs with SIRS Diagnosis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120655. [PMID: 36548816 PMCID: PMC9781203 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies performed in humans have demonstrated that the onset of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) represents a high risk condition to develop myocardial damage and arrhythmias. Therefore, we also hypothesized cardiac involment for dogs affected by SIRS. To assess this hypothesis, 24 dogs with a diagnosis of SIRS (13 entire males, 7 entire females, and 4 spayed females) with an age ranging from 4 to 11 years (mean 5.6 years) and an average weight of 24 kg (range from 5 to 47 kg) were enrolled. The dogs were divided into two groups according to their prognosis: Survivors (G1) and not survivors (G2), composed by 13 and 11 dogs, respectively. Moreover, healthy dogs were included as the control group (CTR). All the dogs with a history of cardiac or renal disease were excluded. At the inclusion, each patient underwent a physical examination and a complete cell count, and a biochemistry panel (including electrolyte profile) was performed; moreover, the blood cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) was measured. For each clinical variable indicative of SIRS, a score between 0 (absence) and 1 (presence) was applied. Furthermore, an electrocardiographic examination was recorded. Seventeen out of 24 (70.8%) dogs with SIRS showed arrhythmias, of which n. 6 belonged to the G1, while n. 11 belonged to the G2. Most represented findings were sinus tachycardia (7/17; 41.1%), followed by monomorphic premature ventricular beats (6/17; 35.3%), less common were first-degree atrioventricular block (2/17; 11.7%) and sinus bradycardia 1/17; 5.8%). Notably, in G1 dogs, only sinus tachycardia and premature ventricular beats were observed. G2 dogs presented a number of total and banded leukocytes significantly higher than those of G1 (p = 0.002 and 0.049), in the same manner, the clinical score suggestive of SIRS (3 vs. 2.1) was significantly higher in G2 than in G1 dogs (p = 0.01). Moreover, a significantly higher value of cTnI was observed in the G2 group compared to the G1 group (p = 0.006). Data presented here suggested a cardiac involvement in dogs with SIRS, analogously to humans, that may significantly influence the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocky La Maestra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS—Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare—Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mehmet Erman Or
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Giordana Merola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ettore Napoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-90-6766742 (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-90-6766742 (A.P.)
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25
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Fernandez-F F, Gutiérrez-A R, Pacheco-S V, Chirinos-T J, Lombardo DM, Olivera LV, Bernabe-Ortiz JC, López-Casaperalta P. Determination of Sarcocystis lamacanis Microcysts in the Cardiac Muscle of Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and Their Correlation with Troponin cTnI. A Study Performed in the High Andean Region of Southern Peru. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 18:100270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Romito G, Fracassi F, Cipone M. Transient myocardial thickening associated with acute myocardial injury and congestive heart failure in two Toxoplasma gondii-positive cats. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221131266. [PMID: 36339325 PMCID: PMC9629561 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY In this report, we provide detailed clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic descriptions of two Toxoplasma gondii-positive cats diagnosed with transient myocardial thickening (TMT) and acute myocardial injury (MI). In both cases, aetiological diagnosis was based on the antibody screening test (all cats had IgM titres ⩾1:64) and MI was demonstrated by a concomitant severe increase of the serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (5.1-23.6 ng/ml; upper hospital limit <0.2 ng/ml). In both cats, TMT and MI were aggravated by left atrial dilation and dysfunction, as well as congestive heart failure. In one cat, atrial standstill was also documented, while the other cat showed an intracardiac thrombus. Both cats underwent an extensive diagnostic work-up aimed at excluding additional comorbidities that could contribute to able to contribute to TMT and MI, and received appropriate antiprotozoal (ie, clindamycin) and cardiovascular therapy (eg, furosemide, pimobendan and clopidogrel). This was followed by a simultaneous decline in T gondii serology titres, normalisation of troponin level and the resolution of clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities. In the light of these results, therapies were interrupted and subsequent controls ruled out any disease relapse. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION Although T gondii represents an often-cited cause of myocarditis in feline medicine, the existing literature on the demonstration of T gondii-associated cardiac compromise in cats is extremely limited. Accordingly, this report provides a useful contribution to pertinent scientific literature since it describes TMT and acute MI in two T gondii-positive cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romito
- Giovanni Romito DVM, MSc, PhD, Dipl ECVIM-CA (Cardiology), Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia 40064, Italy
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27
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Konishi K, Sakamoto M, Satake C, Isaka M, Okazaki S, Kono S, Nakamura T, Tashiro H, Ushigusa T. Perioperative changes in cardiac biomarkers in juvenile cats during neutering. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1008765. [PMID: 36268044 PMCID: PMC9577090 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1008765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) is commonly caused by myocardial ischemia that develops during or after non-cardiac surgery. It occurs in 17.9% of human patients after non-cardiac surgery due to elevated high-sensitive perioperation cardiac troponin. However, PMI has not been demonstrated in cats. To investigate its occurrence, this study aimed to analyze the perioperative changes in cardiac biomarkers and clinical data, including measurement of vital signs, echocardiography, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, X-ray, and anesthetic profile, in 30 juvenile cats under neutering surgery. All cats had increased high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) postsurgery compared with presurgery. In particular, 48% of cats (14/29) showed elevated hs-cTnI over a reference range after surgery. In all groups, hs-cTnI and systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) were significantly higher at 0 h and 18 h postoperation than at preoperation. A significant positive correlation was found between hs-cTnI and SAP at 18 h postoperation. Atrial natriuretic peptides, heart rate, and left ventricular wall thickness were markedly higher at 0 h postoperation than at preoperation; however, respiratory rate and body temperature were significantly lower at 0 h postoperation than at preoperation. Anesthetic time and hs-cTnI were significantly higher at 18 h postoperation in females than in males. Significant positive correlations were observed between hs-cTnI and anesthetic time at 18 h postoperation in females. These results indicate that postoperative hs-cTnI level can greatly increase in juvenile cats and hs-cTnI measurement at perioperation is potentially beneficial for early detection and evaluation of the presence of PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Konishi
- Yokohama Animal Medical Center Kannai Animal Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Laboratory of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan,*Correspondence: Mitsuhiro Isaka
| | - Seiji Okazaki
- Yokohama Animal Medical Center Kannai Animal Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shota Kono
- Yokohama Animal Medical Center Kannai Animal Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamura
- Yokohama Animal Medical Center Kannai Animal Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tashiro
- Yokohama Animal Medical Center Kannai Animal Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ushigusa
- Yokohama Animal Medical Center Kannai Animal Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
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28
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The Future of Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine: Emerging Approaches and Associated Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172194. [PMID: 36077913 PMCID: PMC9454634 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review we seek to outline the role of new technologies in biomarker discovery, particularly within the veterinary field and with an emphasis on ‘omics’, as well as to examine why many biomarkers-despite much excitement-have not yet made it to clinical practice. Further we emphasise the critical need for close collaboration between clinicians, researchers and funding bodies and the need to set clear goals for biomarker requirements and realistic application in the clinical setting, ensuring that biomarker type, method of detection and clinical utility are compatible, and adequate funding, time and sample size are available for all phases of development. Abstract New biomarkers promise to transform veterinary practice through rapid diagnosis of diseases, effective monitoring of animal health and improved welfare and production efficiency. However, the road from biomarker discovery to translation is not always straightforward. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers under development in the veterinary field, introduces the emerging technological approaches transforming this space and the role of ‘omics platforms in novel biomarker discovery. The vast majority of veterinary biomarkers are at preliminary stages of development and not yet ready to be deployed into clinical translation. Hence, we examine the major challenges encountered in the process of biomarker development from discovery, through validation and translation to clinical practice, including the hurdles specific to veterinary practice and to each of the ‘omics platforms–transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. Finally, recommendations are made for the planning and execution of biomarker studies with a view to assisting the success of novel biomarkers in reaching their full potential.
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Gicana KRB, Pinidmontree C, Kosalathip K, Sirirut S, Komolvanich S, Asawakarn S, Sakcamduang W, Naiyanetr P, Tachampa K. Use of proposed systolic and myocardial performance indices derived from simultaneous ECG and PCG recordings to assess cardiac function in healthy Beagles. Vet World 2022; 15:1785-1797. [PMID: 36185531 PMCID: PMC9394128 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1785-1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cardiac time intervals (CTIs) can provide important information on the electrical and mechanical properties of the heart. We hypothesized that cardiac function can be described using the combined power of electrocardiography (ECG) and phonocardiography (PCG) signals. This study aimed to (1) validate a novel custom device in measuring CTI parameters; (2) compare CTI parameters with a commercially available device and standard transthoracic echocardiography (STE); and (3) compare calculated systolic performance index (SPI) and myocardial performance index (MPI) with Tei index from the STE. Materials and Methods: This study determined CTIs based on simultaneous ECG and PCG recordings in 14 healthy Beagle dogs using the custom-built device. These CTI parameters were compared with a commercially available device (Eko DUO ECG + Digital Stethoscope; Eko DUO) and the STE. Agreement of CTI parameters between the custom device and the commercially available device or STE was evaluated. Calculated SPI and MPI based on Wigger’s diagram were proposed, compared with SPI and Tei index, and correlated with STE parameters. Results: We found that the ECG and PCG parameters measured from the custom-built device did not differ from the commercially available device and the STE. By combining ECG and PCG signals, we established CTI parameters in healthy dogs including indices for systolic function (SPI: QS1/S1S2) and global cardiac function {F1 ([QS1+S2]/S1S2), F2 ([RS1+S2]/S1S2), and F3 (RS1 + [QS2-QT]/S1S2)}. The SPI, F2, and F3 were comparable with echocardiographic parameters describing systolic (Pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time [LVET]) and Tei index ([MCOdur-LVET]/LVET), respectively. Only SPI and F3 were correlated significantly with MCOdur and heart rate, respectively. Conclusion: We have validated the use of the custom-built device to describe CTIs that are comparable to the commercially available device and STE in healthy Beagles. The proposed SPI and MPI derived from CTI parameters can be useful in clinical practice to describe the cardiac function, especially in areas where access to STE is constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Romano B. Gicana
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Chirutchaya Pinidmontree
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitchanan Kosalathip
- Cardiovascular Engineering and Artificial Organs (CardioArt) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Siraphop Sirirut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siripen Komolvanich
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sariya Asawakarn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Biomarkers in Animal Parasitology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Walasinee Sakcamduang
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phornphop Naiyanetr
- Cardiovascular Engineering and Artificial Organs (CardioArt) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Tachampa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Biomarkers in Animal Parasitology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARDIAC DISEASE IN MARINE MAMMALS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:373-382. [PMID: 35758579 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disease has been extensively documented in marine mammals; however, it remains difficult to diagnose antemortem. Assays measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are used as sensitive and specific biomarkers of cardiac disease in many species, but have not been widely investigated in marine mammals. This study aimed to provide a set of reference values for cTnI and NT-proBNP in belugas (BW) (Delphinapterus leucas), sea otters (SO) (Enhydra lutris), Steller sea lions (SSL) (Eumetopias jubatus), and California sea lions (CSL) (Zalophus californianus) with and without cardiac disease, and to determine if these biomarkers are useful indicators of cardiac disease in these species. First, existing immunoassays for cTnI and NT-proBNP were successfully validated utilizing species-specific heart lysate spiked serum. Cohorts were defined by histopathology as animals with no evidence of cardiac disease ("control"), with confirmed cardiac disease ("disease"), and with concurrent renal and cardiac disease ("renal") for which serum samples were then analyzed. Serum concentration ranges for cTnI (ng/ml) and NT-proBNP (pmol/L) were determined for control and disease cohorts. There was significantly higher cTnI (P= 0.003) and NT-proBNP (P= 0.004) concentrations in the CSL disease cohort, as well as positive trends in BW, SO, and SSL disease cohorts that did not reach statistical significance. NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the CSL renal cohort compared with the control (P < 0.001) and disease (P= 0.007) cohorts. These results suggest that cTnI and NT-proBNP may be clinically useful in the antemortem diagnosis of cardiac disease in CSL, and warrant further investigation in BW, SO, and SL.
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CHANGES IN SERUM CARDIAC TROPONIN I IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) WITH ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS INFECTION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:249-258. [PMID: 35758566 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is one of the most important causes of mortality in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The unusual tropism of EEHV for endothelial cells of capillaries can lead to catastrophic vascular dysfunction, hemorrhage, cardiac damage, and death. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is an intracellular protein of cardiomyocytes that is released into circulation in levels directly correlated to the severity of cardiomyocyte damage. The purpose of this study was to assess if cTnI could be used to distinguish when EEHV viremia leads to clinical disease versus subclinical infection. Thirty-seven individual Asian elephants contributed 53 blood samples that were evaluated for EEHV viremia using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and analyzed for cTnI using a high-sensitivity assay. Viremia was categorized as none (24/53), low (< 20,000 vge/ml, 12/53) and high (≥20,000 vge/ml, 17/53). Seven of the nonviremic samples had detectable cTnI. Nine low-viremia samples were positive for EEHV1 (1A and 1B combined) and lacked a detectable cTnI. Fourteen high-viremia samples were positive for EEHV1 and had detectable cTnI. There was statistical significance between having viremia and having a detectable cTnI value (P = 0.0001), and animals with EEHV1 viremia were more likely to have a positive cTnI value (P = 0.04). The presence of cTnI was associated with the presence of clinical signs, with higher values of cTnI in the presence of clinical signs versus subclinical viremia (P = 0.0001). In addition, four elephants contributed multiple samples from a single viremic event and results displayed a trend of elevation in troponin values with progression of EEHV viremia. The association of EEHV viremia with cTnI suggests these markers might be used in conjunction to help predict when EEHV viremia is likely to progress to EEHV-HD for an individual.
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Haimovitz D, Vereb M, Freeman L, Goldberg R, Lessard D, Rush J, Adin D. Effect of diet change in healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac biomarker or echocardiographic abnormalities. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1057-1065. [PMID: 35420218 PMCID: PMC9151466 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A recent study showed higher high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) concentrations in healthy dogs eating grain‐free (GF) compared to those eating grain‐inclusive (GI) diets. Hypothesis/Objectives Healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities eating GF diets at baseline will show improvements in cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic variables after diet change, whereas healthy dogs eating GI diets at baseline will not improve. Animals Twenty healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities (12 Golden Retrievers, 5 Doberman Pinschers, 3 Miniature Schnauzers). Methods This prospective study included dogs with increased hs‐cTnI or N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations, or echocardiographic abnormalities. Mixed modeling was used to evaluate echocardiographic, hs‐cTnI, and NT‐proBNP differences between groups (GF or GI diet at baseline) over time (1 y after diet change). Results Ten GF and 10 GI dogs were evaluated. There were statistically significant time: group interactions for hs‐cTnI (P = .02) and normalized left ventricular internal systolic diameter (LVIDsN; P = .02), with GF dogs showing larger decreases in these variables than GI dogs. Median (range) hs‐cTnI (ng/mL) for GF dogs was 0.141 (0.012‐0.224) at baseline and 0.092 (0.044‐0.137) at 1 y, and for GI dogs was 0.051 (0.016‐0.195) at baseline and 0.060 (0.022‐0.280) at 1 y. Median LVIDsN for GF dogs was 1.01 (0.70‐1.30) at baseline and 0.87 (0.79‐1.24) at 1 y, and for GI dogs was 1.05 (0.84‐1.21) at baseline and 1.10 (0.85‐1.28) at 1 y. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased hs‐cTnI and LVIDsN in GF dogs after diet change supports reversibility of these subclinical myocardial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Haimovitz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Vereb
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Goldberg
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darleen Lessard
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darcy Adin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Xuan L, Fu D, Zhen D, Bai D, Yu L, Gong G. Long non-coding RNA Sox2OT promotes coronary microembolization-induced myocardial injury by mediating pyroptosis. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1689-1702. [PMID: 35304834 PMCID: PMC9065873 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a common complication of coronary microembolization (CME), myocardial injury (MI) implies high mortality. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rarely studied in CME‐induced MI. Herein, this study intended to evaluate the role of lncRNA Sox2 overlapping transcript (Sox2OT) in CME‐induced MI. Methods The CME rat models were successfully established by injection of microemboli. Rat cardiac functions and MI were observed by ultrasonic electrocardiogram, HE staining, and HBFP staining. Functional assays were utilized to test the inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were conducted to clarify the targeting relations between Sox2OT and microRNA (miRNA)‐23b and between miR‐23b and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Results Rat CME disrupted the cardiac functions and induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and activated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and pyroptosis (all P < 0.05). An NF‐κB inhibitor downregulated the NF‐κB pathway, reduced pyroptosis, and relieved cardiomyocyte injury and pyroptosis. Compared with the sham group (1.05 ± 0.32), lncRNA Sox2OT level (4.41 ± 0.67) in the CME group was elevated (P < 0.05). Sox2OT acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR‐23b to regulate TLR4. Silencing of Sox2OT favoured miR‐23b binding to 3′UTR of TLR4 mRNA leading to suppressed TLR4‐mediated NFKB signalling and pyroptosis in myocardial tissues harvested from CME rat models. In addition, miR‐23b overexpression could supplement the cytosolic miR‐23b reserves to target TLR‐4 and partially reverse Sox2OT‐mediated pyroptosis in LPS‐treated H9C2 cells. Conclusions This study supported that silencing Sox2OT inhibited CME‐induced MI by eliminating Sox2OT/miR‐23b binding and down‐regulating the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway. This investigation may provide novel insights for the treatment of CME‐induced MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xuan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Danni Fu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Dong Zhen
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Dongsong Bai
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Guohua Gong
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China.,First Medical Clinic, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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Gordon SG, Wesselowski S, Estrada AH, Braz-Ruivo L, Morris N, Häggström J, O’Grady MR, Malcolm E. Prospective evaluation of the combined value of physical examination and biomarker variables in screening for preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Cardiol 2022; 40:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Romito G, Venturelli E, Tintorri V, Cipone M. Reversible myocardial injury aggravated by complex arrhythmias in three Toxoplasma gondii-positive dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:289-295. [PMID: 34955461 PMCID: PMC8920716 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Toxoplasma gondii represents an oft-cited cause of myocarditis
in veterinary medicine, the existing literature on the pre-mortem demonstration of
T. gondii-associated myocardial injury (MI) in dogs is scant. In this
case series, we provide detailed clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic and
electrocardiographic description of three T. gondii-positive dogs
diagnosed with MI. In all cases, etiological diagnosis was based on the antibody screening
test (all dogs had IgM titres ≥1:64) and MI was demonstrated by a concomitant increase of
the serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (0.25–9.6 ng/ml, upper hospital limit
<0.15 ng/ml). In all dogs, MI was aggravated by complex arrhythmias (ventricular in two
dogs, and either ventricular and supraventricular in the remaining dog). In one case, left
ventricular systolic dysfunction was also present. All dogs underwent an extensive
diagnostic work-up aimed at excluding additional comorbidities, either cardiac and
extra-cardiac, possibly able to contribute to MI, arrhythmias and systolic dysfunction.
All dogs received appropriate antiprotozoal (i.e., clindamycin) and antiarrhythmic (i.e.,
amiodarone, sotalol) therapy. This was systematically followed by a simultaneous decline
in T. gondii serology titres, normalisation of troponin level and left
ventricular systolic function, and the resolution of clinical and electrocardiographic
abnormalities. In light of this result, therapies were interrupted and subsequent controls
ruled out any disease relapse. In these cases, the clinical and instrumental findings
obtained at admission and rechecks strongly supported the clinical suspicion of
toxoplasmic myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna
| | | | | | - Mario Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna
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Miralles‐Plaza I, McDonald HR. Cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardia in a cat with suspected Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in the absence of structural cardiac disease. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Romito G, Bertaglia T, Bertaglia L, Decaro N, Uva A, Rugna G, Moreno A, Vincifori G, Dondi F, Diana A, Cipone M. Myocardial Injury Complicated by Systolic Dysfunction in a COVID-19-Positive Dog. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123506. [PMID: 34944281 PMCID: PMC8697878 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is continuing to spread worldwide. As with many emerging infectious diseases, COVID-19 is of zoonotic origin, meaning that animals are susceptible to infection, including domestic pets such as dogs. Despite epidemiological surveys conducted in dogs living either in SARS-CoV-2-positive households or in geographic areas affected by COVID-19 steadily increasing, clinical reports aimed at characterising disease manifestation are currently scant in this species. This case report accurately describes the development of myocardial injury complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a SARS-CoV-2-positive dog. Interestingly, the clinical picture described herein closely resembles the cardiological compromise documented in SARS-CoV-2-positive humans and can therefore contribute to filling the current knowledge gap that exists between human and veterinary medicine concerning COVID-19. Abstract A six-year-old Cavalier King Charles spaniel was referred with a two-month history of severe exercise intolerance and syncope. Clinical signs had developed during a local wave of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) two weeks after its family members had manifested symptoms of this viral disease and their positivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed. Cardiologic assessment documented myocardial injury complicated by systolic dysfunction. An extensive diagnostic work-up allowed us to rule out common causes of myocardial compromise, both infective and not. Accordingly, serological and molecular tests aimed at diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection were subsequently performed, especially in light of the dog’s peculiar history. Results of such tests, interpreted in the light of previous findings and current knowledge from human medicine, supported a presumptive diagnosis of COVID-19-associated myocardial injury, a clinical entity hitherto poorly described in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Teresa Bertaglia
- Clinica Veterinaria Santa Teresa, 41032 Cavezzo, Italy; (T.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Luigi Bertaglia
- Clinica Veterinaria Santa Teresa, 41032 Cavezzo, Italy; (T.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Annamaria Uva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Gianluca Rugna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (G.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (G.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.C.)
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Bau-Gaudreault L, Arndt T, Provencher A, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Clinical Pathology Resources: Emphasis on Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, Minipigs, and Non-Human Primates. ILAR J 2021; 62:203-222. [PMID: 34877602 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing for investigative or biomedical research and for preclinical toxicity and safety assessment in laboratory animals is a distinct specialty requiring an understanding of species specific and other influential variables on results and interpretation. This review of clinical pathology principles and testing recommendations in laboratory animal species aims to provide a useful resource for researchers, veterinary specialists, toxicologists, and clinical or anatomic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bau-Gaudreault
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Arndt
- Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anne Provencher
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Huang HY, Liao KY, Shia WY, Chang CC, Wang HC. Effect of administering dexmedetomidine with or without atropine on cardiac troponin I level in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1869-1876. [PMID: 34629333 PMCID: PMC8762405 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine administration with or without atropine
increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in healthy dogs. We hypothesized that 10 µg/kg
dexmedetomidine + atropine increases the cTnI level, whereas 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine +
atropine does not. Eighteen healthy, pet dogs that underwent an orthopedic surgery or
ovariohysterectomy were included in this study. The dogs were randomly assigned to
atropine (0.02 mg/kg)–dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg), saline–dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg), and
atropine (0.02 mg/kg)–dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) groups. Each dog was premedicated with
atropine or saline intramuscularly (IM). After 10 min, they were IM injected with
dexmedetomidine (10 or 5 µg/kg)–morphine (0.5 mg/kg)–midazolam (0.2 mg/kg). Following
this, anesthesia was induced after 10 min with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in
100% oxygen. The median plasma cTnI level at 6, 12 and 24 hr after premedication was
significantly higher than that at baseline. The cTnI level in the atropine–dexmedetomidine
(10 µg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline–dexmedetomidine (10
µg/kg) and atropine–dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication.
The cTnI level returned to normal within 72 hr after premedication in all groups. The
administration of atropine in combination with 10 µg/kg dexmedetomidine increased the cTnI
level, indicating subclinical myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Huang
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yueh Liao
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yau Shia
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40220, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chi Wang
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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40
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Canei DH, Pereira ME, de Freitas MN, Trevisan YPA, Zorzo C, Bortolini J, Mendonça AJ, Sousa VRF, Ferreira de Almeida ADBP. Biochemical, electrolytic, and cardiovascular evaluations in cats with urethral obstruction. Vet World 2021; 14:2002-2008. [PMID: 34566314 PMCID: PMC8448651 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2002-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Urethral obstruction (UO) is a common condition in feline medicine. Severe acid-base and electrolyte disorders promote relevant electrocardiographic changes in these animals. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I have been shown to be useful in identifying cats with myocardial disease, but it has not been investigated whether UO leads to myocardial damages. This study aimed to evaluate biochemical changes, electrocardiographic findings, troponin I measurements, and electrolyte disturbances for 7 days in cats with UO. Materials and Methods: This follow-up prospective study included 33 cats diagnosed with UO for 7 days. For all cats, clinical examination, serum biochemistry, electrolyte analyses, blood pressure, and electrocardiography were performed. Cardiac troponin I was measured in the serum in 16 cats at 3 different times. Results: The mean age of the feline population was 1.83±1.58 years (mean±standard deviation). Creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, phosphorus, base excess, bicarbonate, and serum potassium decreased significantly (p≤0.05), while ionic calcium and blood pH increased significantly (p≤0.05) at different times. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 21/33 (63.63%) of the felines on admission day. The electrocardiographic abnormalities were no longer observed on the subsequent days. Only one feline showed changes in troponin I cardiac concentrations. Conclusion: This study suggests the sum and severity of electrolyte abnormalities aggravate the clinical and cardiovascular status of these patients. However, cTnI, blood pressure, and heart rate within the reference range do not exclude the presence of major cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. The hyperglycemia in felines with UO appears to be associated with decreased renal clearance, which may reflect the severity of hyperkalemia and azotemia. The metabolic and cardiovascular changes of these felines are minimized by the establishment of appropriate intensive care; however, cardiac and blood gas monitoring is essential to assess the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlan Henrique Canei
- Program of Postgraduate in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Mariana Elisa Pereira
- Program of Postgraduate in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Maria Natália de Freitas
- Scientific Initiation Volunteer (CNPq), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Yolanda Paim Arruda Trevisan
- Program of Postgraduate in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carolina Zorzo
- Program of Postgraduate in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bortolini
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - MT, Brazil
| | - Adriane Jorge Mendonça
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valéria Régia Franco Sousa
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá - Mato Grosso, Brazil
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41
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Eze UU, Eke IG, Anakwue RC, Oguejiofor CF, Onyejekwe OB, Udeani IJ, Onunze CJ, Obed UJ, Eze AA, Anaga AO, Anene BM. Effects of Controlled Generator Fume Emissions on the Levels of Troponin I, C-Reactive Protein and Oxidative Stress Markers in Dogs: Exploring Air Pollution-Induced Cardiovascular Disease in a Low-Resource Country. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:1019-1032. [PMID: 34533688 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exhaust fumes from petrol/diesel-powered electric generators contribute significantly to air pollution in many developing countries, constituting health hazards to both humans and animals. This study evaluated the serum concentrations of Troponin I (TnI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum levels/activities of oxidative stress markers: catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in dogs experimentally exposed to graded levels of petrol generator exhaust fume (PGEF). Sixteen (16) healthy and adult male Basenji dogs were randomly assigned into four groups (A-D). Group A was the unexposed control while groups B, C and D were exposed to PGEF for 1, 2 and 3 h per day, respectively, for 90 days. Repeated analysis were performed at the baseline, and every thirty days, for a total of 90 days. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between the effects of PGEF exposure level (in h/day) and duration of exposure (in months) on all the tested serum parameters. There was a significant main effect (p < 0.05) for PGEF exposure level on the serum parameters. As the level of PGEF exposure was increased, the serum concentrations of TnI, CRP, CAT, MDA and NO increased, GSH decreased, whereas SOD activity increased by day 30 but declined at the end. Moreover, there was a significant simple main effect (p < 0.05) for duration of PGEF exposure. All the parameters increased as the duration of PGEF exposure was increased to 90 days except GSH concentration which decreased, whereas SOD activity increased initially but declined at the end of the study. Thus, there was increased serum concentrations of TnI, CRP and increased oxidative stress in the PGEF-exposed dogs. These findings are instructive and could be grounds for further studies on air pollutants-induced cardiovascular disease given the widespread use of electricity generators in many low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- U U Eze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I G Eke
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - R C Anakwue
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology/Therapeutics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria. .,Environment and Health Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - C F Oguejiofor
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - O B Onyejekwe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I J Udeani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - C J Onunze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - U J Obed
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A A Eze
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A O Anaga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - B M Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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42
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Riengvirodkij N, Roytrakul S, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Charoenlappanich S, Sakcamduang W. Peptide barcodes in dogs affected by mitral valve disease with and without pulmonary hypertension using MALDI-TOF MS and LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255611. [PMID: 34383793 PMCID: PMC8360550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitral valve disease (MVD) is an important and most frequently acquired heart disease found in dogs. MVD is classified into different stages according to its severity. There is a challenge in differentiation between asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of the MVD. Moreover, pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in dogs affected by MVD. In clinical practice, there are also some limitations to identify PH. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a technique that can characterize specific patterns of peptide mass called peptide barcodes from various samples. Besides, in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), potential peptide sequences associated with specific conditions could be identified. The present study aimed to use MALDI-TOF coupled with LC-MS/MS to characterize specific peptide barcodes and potential peptide candidates in serum samples from healthy dogs, dogs with MVD stage B (MVD B, asymptomatic stage), MVD stage C (MVD C, symptomatic stage), MVD stage B with PH (MVD B PH), and MVD stage C with PH (MVD C PH). Discrete clusters of the 5 sample groups were identified by 3D plot analysis. Peptide barcodes also revealed differences in peptide patterns among the 5 groups. Six amino acid sequences of peptide candidates at 1,225.60, 1,363.85, 1,688.71, 1789.52, 2020.21, and 2156.42 Da were identified as part of the proteins CLCN1, CLUL1, EDNRA, PTEN, SLC39A7, and CLN6, respectively. The network interactions between these discovered proteins and common cardiovascular drugs were also investigated. These results demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS has promise as an optional technique for diagnosing dogs affected by asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of MVD with and without PH. Further studies are required to identify peptide barcodes in dogs with other diseases to create peptide barcode databases in veterinary medicine before using this method as a novel diagnostic tool in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapon Riengvirodkij
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanich
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Walasinee Sakcamduang
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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43
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Kilkenny E, Watson C, Dukes-McEwan J, Bode EF, Hezzell MJ, Payne JR, Borgeat K. Evaluation of serum cardiac troponin-I concentrations for diagnosis of infective endocarditis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2094-2101. [PMID: 34374458 PMCID: PMC8478062 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infective endocarditis (IE) in dogs is associated with severe disease and a high case fatality rate but often presents with nonspecific clinical signs. Hypothesis/Objectives Serum concentration of cardiac troponin‐I (cTnI) is elevated in dogs with IE and can differentiate dogs with IE from dogs with other diseases with similar clinical features. Concentration of serum cTnI is negatively correlated with survival time in dogs with IE. Animals Seventy‐two client‐owned dogs; 29 with IE, 27 with stage‐B myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and 16 with immune‐mediated disease (IMD). Methods Retrospective clinical cohort study. Concentration of serum cTnI was measured in all dogs at time of diagnosis. Clinical findings and echocardiographic interpretation were also recorded. Statistical analyses included Kruskal‐Wallis test, pairwise Mann‐Whitney U tests, receiver operator characteristic, and Cox proportional hazards. Results Serum concentration of cTnI was significantly higher in the IE group (0.69 ng/mL [0.03‐80.8]) than in the MMVD (0.05 ng/mL [0.02‐0.11], P < .001) and IMD groups (0.05 ng/mL [0.03‐0.57], P < .001). Increased cTnI was a moderately accurate predictor of IE (area under the curve 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.745‐0.968, P < .001). A cTnI cutoff of 0.625 ng/mL had 100% specificity (95% CI 90%‐100%) and 52% sensitivity (95% CI 33%‐70%) in this study sample. There was no association between cTnI concentration and survival time in dogs with IE (hazard ratio 1.013, 95% CI 0.993‐1.034, P = .2). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cardiac troponin‐I concentrations are higher in dogs with IE compared to dogs with preclinical MMVD or IMD. In dogs with a compatible clinical presentation, serum cTnI concentrations >0.625 ng/mL are supportive of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Kilkenny
- Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,CVS Ltd, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Joanna Dukes-McEwan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Bode
- CVS Ltd, Norfolk, UK.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION AND SERUM CARDIAC TROPONIN VALUES IN ANESTHETIZED HEALTHY FEMALE SOUTHERN SEA OTTERS ( ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:490-498. [PMID: 34130391 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about antemortem cardiac evaluation in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) is limited, despite well-established clinical care and rehabilitation procedures and a reported elevated risk of cardiac disease for this species. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration and echocardiographic assessment are two ways of screening for and diagnosing cardiac disease. However, no baseline data or reference intervals for either evaluation are published for sea otters. The objectives of this prospective study were to establish serum cTnI concentrations and echocardiographic technique and quantitative measurements in anesthetized healthy female southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) (n=15). Serum cTnI values were assessed by a high-sensitivity assay. Serum cTnI concentration ranged from <0.006 to 0.038 ng/ml. A complete echocardiogram, including two-dimensional and M-mode modalities, was performed. Echocardiographic measurements for left atrial size, aorta size, left ventricular structure, and left ventricular function were reported. The median left atrial size to aorta ratio was 1.22 (range 0.80-1.59) in short-axis and 1.70 (range 1.39-2.15) in long-axis. The median left ventricular internal dimension was 3.53 cm (range 2.87-4.92 cm) when assessed in two dimensions and 3.58 cm (range 2.80-4.48 cm) by M-mode. Serum concentrations of cTnI and transthoracic echocardiography may represent valuable tools for the antemortem diagnosis of cardiac disease in sea otters.
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45
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DETERMINATION OF VERTEBRAL HEART SCALE AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS IN HEALTHY ANESTHETIZED AFRICAN WILD DOGS ( LYCAON PICTUS) IN HUMAN CARE. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:499-506. [PMID: 34130392 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disease is an important cause of mortality in African wild dogs in human care. Vertebral heart scale (VHS) is a well-documented objective measure of cardiac size and is commonly used in domestic dogs. The VHS of 63 clinically healthy African wild dogs housed in zoological institutions was retrospectively calculated. Using the robust method of reference interval (RI) calculation, the RI for VHS in captive African wild dogs was 9.3-10.8. Echocardiographic measurements from 16 clinically healthy and 2 African wild dogs with preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy are reported. The cardiac biomarkers N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured in a subset of African wild dogs. The median plasma NT-proBNP measurement was 845 pM/L (range 366-1,388) and the median serum cTnI measurement was 0.02 ng/ml (0.01-0.04). These data can be used for the assessment and identification of cardiac disease in this endangered species.
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46
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Moriarty ME, Miller MA, Murray MJ, Duignan PJ, Gunther-Harrington CT, Field CL, Adams LM, Schmitt TL, Johnson CK. Exploration of serum cardiac troponin I as a biomarker of cardiomyopathy in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:529-537. [PMID: 34166086 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.7.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations between sea otters with and without cardiomyopathy and describe 2 cases of cardiomyopathy with different etiologies. ANIMALS 25 free-ranging southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) with (n = 14; cases) and without (11; controls) cardiomyopathy and 17 healthy managed southern sea otters from aquariums or rehabilitation centers (controls). PROCEDURES Serum cTnI concentration was measured in live sea otters. Histopathologic and gross necropsy findings were used to classify cardiomyopathy status in free-ranging otters; physical examination and echocardiography were used to assess health status of managed otters. Two otters received extensive medical evaluations under managed care, including diagnostic imaging, serial cTnI concentration measurement, and necropsy. RESULTS A significant difference in cTnI concentrations was observed between cases and both control groups, with median values of 0.279 ng/mL for cases and < 0.006 ng/mL for free-ranging and managed controls. A cutoff value of ≥ 0.037 ng/mL yielded respective sensitivity and specificity estimates for detection of cardiomyopathy of 64.3% and 90.9% for free-ranging cases versus free-ranging controls and 64.3% and 94.1% for free-ranging cases versus managed controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of sea otter death that has been associated with domoic acid exposure and protozoal infection. Antemortem diagnostic tests are needed to identify cardiac damage. Results suggested that serum cTnI concentration has promise as a biomarker for detection of cardiomyopathy in sea otters. Serial cTnI concentration measurements and diagnostic imaging are recommended to improve heart disease diagnosis in managed care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Moriarty
- From the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center and EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Melissa A Miller
- From the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
| | | | | | - Catherine T Gunther-Harrington
- From the Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Cara L Field
- From the Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA 94965
| | - Lance M Adams
- From the Aquarium of the Pacific, Long Beach, CA 90802
| | - Todd L Schmitt
- From the SeaWorld Animal Health and Rescue Center, San Diego, CA 92109
| | - Christine K Johnson
- From the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center and EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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47
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Transient deep and giant negative T waves in dogs with myocardial injury. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 36:131-140. [PMID: 34243114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although transient deep and giant negative T waves (NTWs) may develop during myocardial injury (MI) in humans, no data exist on this repolarization abnormality in canine MI. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the occurrence of transient deep/giant NTWs in dogs with MI. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify dogs with MI and transient deep/giant NTWs. Signalment, history, and selected diagnostic test results were reviewed. Data analysis was descriptive. RESULTS Six cases were diagnosed with MI associated with deep (n = 1) and giant (n = 5) transient NTWs. Myocardial injury was classified as acute in all cases and was due to snake envenomation (n = 3), sepsis (n = 2), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (n = 1). At the time of deep/giant NTWs identification, all dogs had elevated cardiac troponin I and ≥1 echocardiographic abnormality of the left ventricular structure and/or function. Moreover, all dogs with giant NTWs had prolonged QT intervals. After the MI resolution, T-wave polarity and QT-interval duration became normalized in all dogs. Moreover, left ventricular morphological and functional parameters were completely normalized in four dogs. In contrast, ventricular echogenicity remained heterogeneous in two dogs, despite otherwise normalized ventricular parameters. Five dogs were still alive at the conclusion of the study. CONCLUSIONS Transient deep/giant NTWs may develop in dogs with acute MI and T-wave polarity changes seem to occur synchronously with the evolution of myocardial damage. Moreover, transient deep/giant NTWs seem associated with a favorable prognosis in canine MI.
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Casamián-Sorrosal D, Barrera-Chacón R, Fonfara S, Belinchón-Lorenzo S, Gómez-Gordo L, Galapero-Arroyo J, Fernández-Cotrina J, Cristobal-Verdejo JI, Duque FJ. Association of myocardial parasitic load with cardiac biomarkers and other selected variables in 10 dogs with advanced Canine Leishmaniasis. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e198. [PMID: 33899945 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between myocardial parasitic load (MPL) and cardiac biomarkers in Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) has not been studied. METHODS Dogs with advanced CanL were prospectively recruited and were included if they were euthanised. Prior to euthanasia these variables were assessed: hematocrit, globulin, creatinine, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), blood pressure, urine protein/creatinine ratio and echocardiographic parameters. A left ventricular (LV) sample was taken for histopathology and MPL evaluation by quantitative PCR. Correlation of MPL with all variables was analysed. Dogs with lower and higher histopathology scores were compared. RESULTS Ten dogs were included. NT-proBNP was 6946 pmol/ (interquartile range [IQR] 3751-9268 pmol/L) and cTnI 4.56 ng/mL (IQR 0.46-13.1 ng/mL). In all dogs, echocardiography showed an increase in LV thickening, and histopathology revealed moderate to severe lympho-plasmocytic myocarditis and/or myocardial cell degeneration. MPL was 215.53 parasites/gram (IQR 21.2-1372.63 parasites/gram). A strong correlation (p < 0.001; R = 0.90; R2 0.81) with cTnI was observed but correlation with any of the other variables or differences between the two histopathological scores, were not detected. CONCLUSIONS MPL in dogs with advanced CanL shows variable but generally high levels. A strong association between MPL and cTnI was observed, which encourages the exploration of cTnI as a marker in CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Casamián-Sorrosal
- Hospital Veterinario de Referencia UCV y Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Barrera-Chacón
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonja Fonfara
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Silvia Belinchón-Lorenzo
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Gómez-Gordo
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Galapero-Arroyo
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Cotrina
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Cristobal-Verdejo
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Duque
- Department of Animal Medicine and LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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49
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Butler T, Hall H, McCallum K. Polysystemic autoimmune disease in a Cocker Spaniel with neurological and cardiac manifestations. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Butler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Harriet Hall
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Katie McCallum
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
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50
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Myocardial transcription of inflammatory and remodeling markers in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and systemic diseases associated with an inflammatory phenotype. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:484-494. [PMID: 33848803 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by macrophage-driven myocardial remodeling processes in a pro-inflammatory environment. To further investigate the mechanisms behind these processes, the myocardial transcription of cytokines and remodeling enzymes was comparatively assessed in cats with HCM and cats without cardiac diseases. Sixty-seven cats were included, 17 cats with HCM (including 5 with atrial thrombus; AT), and 50 cats without cardiac diseases. The latter comprised 10 control cats (no cardiac or relevant systemic disease), 34 cats with diseases suspected to be associated with a systemic inflammatory state of which 18 suffered from feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and 6 cats with multicentric lymphoma. Samples from atria, ventricular free walls and interventricular septum were examined using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The overall highest myocardial marker transcriptions were observed in cats with multicentric lymphoma, FIP and HCM, followed by diseases likely associated with a systemic inflammatory state, and control cats. Inflammatory marker transcription predominated in the myocardium of cats with systemic inflammatory diseases, whereas in HCM the transcription of remodeling enzymes prevailed. Sex significantly influenced the myocardial transcription of several remodeling enzymes. These results suggest a versatile myocardial response depending on the disease and illustrates the relevance of sex for the cardiac response to cardiac and systemic disease in cats. A systemic inflammatory state appears to elicit an inflammatory phenotype in the myocardium, whereas in HCM, the myocardium mediates its own remodeling. In HCM, the identified markers might be involved in the ongoing remodeling processes causing structural and functional changes.
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