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Craciun I, Silva J, Dutton LC, Loureiro J, Novo Matos J. Two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic assessment and successful occlusion of a window-like patent ductus arteriosus in two dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:214-219. [PMID: 38232623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A 16-month-old Labrador-poodle cross (case 1) and a 3-month-old German shorthaired pointer (case 2) were referred for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion. Two-dimensional transthoracic and two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography revealed a window-like PDA characterized by a wide and short ductus. Due to the atypical PDA morphology with no ampulla in case 1, ductal occlusion was attempted with non-canine-specific Amplatzer occluder devices. However, these were too small and failed to remain stable. Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) devices were used with success in both cases. Due to the defects' morphology, the proximal ACDO disc protruded into the aorta but there were no signs of obstruction to aortic blood flow 16 months (case 1) and 1 month (case 2) post-occlusion. We describe two cases of a window-like type PDA that were successfully occluded with an ACDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Craciun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - J Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK; North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, Brewer Street, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | - L C Dutton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Loureiro
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, Brewer Street, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | - J Novo Matos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK.
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Novo Matos J, Payne JR, Mullins J, Luis Fuentes V. Isolated discrete upper septal thickening in a non-referral cat population of senior and young cats. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 50:39-50. [PMID: 37924557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Discrete upper septal thickening (DUST) is a phenotype of elderly people. The cardiac phenotype in senior cats has been incompletely described. We aimed to characterize the echocardiographic phenotype of senior cats, specifically to determine prevalence of DUST and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). ANIMALS One hundred and forty-nine healthy, normotensive cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cross-sectional study. Senior (≥9 years) and young (<6 years) cats were recruited from non-referral population. We defined DUST as an isolated basilar septal bulge, and HCM as left ventricular wall thickness ≥6 mm. An interventricular septum ratio (basal-to-mid septal thickness ratio) was calculated. We assessed for associations between clinical and echocardiographic variables and DUST. Data are presented as mean (±SD), median (range), or frequency (percentage). RESULTS One-hundred and two senior and 47 young cats were enrolled. Aortoseptal angle (AoSA) was steeper in senior cats (137° (±14.5) vs. 145° (±12.3) in young cats, P=0.002). Eighteen cats had DUST (18/149, 12%), fourteen senior, and four young cats (P=0.4). Cats with DUST had steeper AoSA (125° (±8.3) vs. 142° (±13.7), P<0.0001) and higher interventricular septum ratio (1.4 (1.2-2.0) vs. 1.0 (0.7-1.8)). Univariable analysis showed decreased odds of DUST with greater AoSA (OR 0.9, P<0.0001), age was not associated with DUST. Twenty-nine senior cats had HCM (28.4%). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of DUST was 12%. There was no association between age and DUST. Smaller/steeper AoSA was the main factor associated with DUST. There was a high prevalence of HCM in this senior population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novo Matos
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - J R Payne
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, BS40 5DU, Langford, UK
| | - J Mullins
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - V Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
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Novo Matos J, Silva J, Regada S, Rizzo S, Serena Beato M, Basso C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a dog: a systematic diagnostic approach. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:1-8. [PMID: 37967487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
A seven-year-old female neutered Parson Russel Terrier was referred for syncopal episodes. An electrocardiogram revealed paroxysmal atrial flutter followed by periods of sinus arrest, suggesting sick sinus syndrome. Echocardiography showed severe biventricular wall thickening (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype) with no signs of fixed or dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Blood pressure, abdominal ultrasound, serum total thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were all within normal limits. Cardiac troponin I was elevated (1.7 ng/mL, ref<0.07). Serological tests for common infectious diseases were negative. A 24-h Holter confirmed that the syncopal episodes were associated with asystolic pauses (sinus arrest after runs of atrial flutter) ranging between 8.5 and 9.6 s. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) were performed at the time of pacemaker implantation to assess for storage or infiltrative diseases that mimic HCM in people. Histological analysis of the EMB revealed plurifocal inflammatory infiltrates with macrophages and lymphocytes (CD3+ > 7/mm2) associated with myocyte necrosis, but no evidence of myocyte vacuolisation or infiltrative myocardial disorders. These findings were compatible with myocardial ischaemic injury or acute lymphocytic myocarditis. Molecular analysis of canine cardiotropic viruses were negative. The dog developed refractory congestive heart failure and was euthanised 16 months later. Cardiac post-mortem examination revealed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and disarray with diffuse interstitial and patchy replacement fibrosis, and small vessel disease, confirming HCM. We described a systemic diagnostic approach to an HCM phenotype in a dog, where a diagnosis of HCM was reached by excluding HCM phenocopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novo Matos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - J Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - S Regada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - S Rizzo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - M Serena Beato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - C Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121, Padua, Italy
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Sidler M, Santarelli G, Kovacevic A, Novo Matos J, Schreiber N, Baron Toaldo M. Ventricular pre-excitation in cats: 17 cases. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 47:70-82. [PMID: 37267820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrioventricular accessory pathways are abnormal electrical connections between the atria and ventricles that predispose to ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) and tachycardias. ANIMALS Seventeen cats with VPE and 15 healthy matched-control cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Multicenter case-control retrospective study. Clinical records were searched for cats with VPE, defined as preserved atrioventricular synchrony, reduced PQ interval, and increased QRS complex duration with a delta wave. Clinical, electrocardiography, echocardiographic, and outcome data were collated. RESULTS Most cats with VPE were male (16/17 cats), non-pedigree cats (11/17 cats). Median age and mean body weight were 5.4 years (0.3-11.9 years) and 4.6 ± 0.8 kg, respectively. Clinical signs at presentation included lethargy (10/17 cats), tachypnea (6/17 cats), and/or syncope (3/17 cats). In two cats, VPE was an incidental finding. Congestive heart failure was uncommon (3/17 cats). Nine (9/17) cats had tachyarrhythmias: 7/9 cats had narrow QRS complex tachycardia and 2/9 cats had wide QRS complex tachycardia. Four cats had ventricular arrhythmias. Cats with VPE had larger left (P < 0.001) and right (P < 0.001) atria and thicker interventricular septum (P = 0.019) and left ventricular free wall (P = 0.028) than controls. Three cats had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included different combinations of sotalol (5/17 cats), diltiazem (5/17 cats), atenolol (4/17 cats), furosemide (4/17 cats), and platelet inhibitors (4/17 cats). Five cats died, all from cardiac death (median survival time 1882 days [2-1882 days]). CONCLUSIONS Cats with VPE had a relatively long survival, albeit showing larger atria and thicker left ventricular walls than healthy cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sidler
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Kovacevic
- Division of Small Animal Cardiology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Novo Matos
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - N Schreiber
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Novo Matos J, Sargent J, Silva J, Payne JR, Seo J, Spalla I, Borgeat K, Loureiro J, Pereira N, Simcock IC, Hutchinson JC, Arthurs OJ, Luis Fuentes V. Thin and hypokinetic myocardial segments in cats with cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 46:5-17. [PMID: 36893525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Thin and hypokinetic myocardial segments (THyMS) represent adverse ventricular (LV) remodeling in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We describe the echocardiographic features and outcome in cats with THyMS, and in a subpopulation, the echocardiographic phenotype before LV wall thinning was detected (pre-THyMS). ANIMALS Eighty client-owned cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective multicenter study. Clinical records were searched for cats with THyMS, defined as LV segment(s) with end-diastolic wall thickness (LVWT) <3 mm and hypokinesis in the presence of ≥one LV segment(s) with LVWT >4 mm and normal wall motion. When available, echocardiograms pre-THyMS were assessed. Survival time was defined as time from first presentation with THyMS to death. RESULTS Mean thickest LV wall segment (MaxLVWT) was 6.1 mm (95% CI 5.8-6.4 mm) and thinnest (MinLVWT) was 1.7 mm (95% CI 1.6-1.9 mm). The LV free wall was affected in 74%, apex in 13% and septum in 5%. Most cats (85%) presented with heart failure and/or arterial thromboembolism. Median circulating troponin I concentration was 1.4 ng/mL ([range 0.07-180 ng/mL]). Prior echocardiography results were available for 13/80 cats, a mean of 2.5 years pre-THyMS. In segments subsequently undergoing thinning, initial MaxLVWT measured 6.7 mm (95% CI 5.8-7.7 mm) vs. 1.9 mm (95% CI 1.5-2.4 mm) at last echocardiogram (P<0.0001). Survival data were available for 56/80 cats, median survival time after diagnosing THyMS was 153 days (95% CI 83-223 days). Cardiac histopathology in one cat revealed that THyMS was associated with severe transmural scarring. CONCLUSIONS Cats with THyMS had advanced cardiomyopathy and a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novo Matos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK; Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, UK.
| | - J Sargent
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Unit 6, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, BH24 3JW, Ringwood, Hampshire, UK
| | - J Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK; North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, Brewer Street, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | - J R Payne
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, BS40 5DU, Langford, UK
| | - J Seo
- Animal Referral Centre, 224 Albany Highway, Schnapper Rock, 0632, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I Spalla
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Via Feltrina, 29, 31038, Castagnole, Milan, Italy
| | - K Borgeat
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, BS40 5DU, Langford, UK
| | - J Loureiro
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, Brewer Street, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | - N Pereira
- Freelance Cardiology, Salstrasse 92, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - I C Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - J C Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - V Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, UK
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Ivasovic F, Matos JN, Wyler M, Glaus TM. Effects of Breed, Exercise, and a Two-Month Training Period on NT-proBNP-Levels in Athletic Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010016. [PMID: 36611627 PMCID: PMC9817725 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) is a cardiac biomarker used to detect myocardial wall stress. Physical activity and cardiac disease can affect serum NTproBNP concentrations. In people, different types of physical activity have different effects on NTproBNP. Our hypothesis was that physical activity and training have an effect on NTproBNP concentrations depending on the type of exercise and the intensity. Seven German Shepherd dogs (GSD) under military training performing short bursts of fast-paced interval exercise and seven Eurohounds (EHs) training for racing competition with endurance exercise were included in the study. Blood samples were taken at enrollment (T0) and after a two-month (T2mth) training period; on both occasions, the samples were acquired before and after physical exercise. An echocardiographic evaluation was performed at T0. Echocardiographic heart size was larger in the EHs compared to the GSDs. The NTproBNP concentration was higher in the EHs than in the GSDs before and after exercise at T0 and T2mth. Echocardiographic parameters of heart size and wall thickness correlated with NTproBNP at T0 before and after exercise. Exercise induced an elevation of NTproBNP in the EHs at T0 and T2mth, while in the GSDs this was observed only at T0. In the EHs, post exercise was associated with higher NTproBNP at T2mth compared to T0, while in the GSDs the opposite pattern was noticed. From our study, the serum NTproBNP concentration differs between breeds. Intense physical activity causes an increase in NTproBNP. A two-month training period does not affect the NTproBNP concentration at rest. Intense physical activity may increase NTproBNP above the reference range in individual dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Ivasovic
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Novo Matos
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tony M. Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Seo J, Matos JN, Payne JR, Fuentes VL, Connolly DJ. Anterior mitral valve leaflet length in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 37:62-70. [PMID: 34610570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) elongation is a recognised feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, whether AMVL elongation precedes left ventricular hypertrophy in cats is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the risk of developing an HCM phenotype in cats with an elongated AMVL. ANIMALS FIFTY-FIVE APPARENTLY HEALTHY CATS WITH A NORMAL BASELINE ECHOCARDIOGRAM AND A FOLLOW-UP ECHOCARDIOGRAM AT >ONE YEAR. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective longitudinal study. Cats at the baseline were grouped based on whether or not they developed an HCM phenotype at follow-up. AMVL length and left atrial and left ventricular dimensions were measured from two-dimensional images. RESULTS The median follow-up period of the study population was 5.4 years (25th and 75th quartile, 2.7-6.7 years). During this time, 17 cats (30.9%) developed an HCM phenotype. At the baseline, cats that subsequently developed an HCM phenotype had greater AMVL length (9.4 mm [25th and 75th quartile, 9.0-10.6 mm] vs. 8.5 mm [25th and 75th quartile, 7.6-9.1 mm], P < 0.0001) and maximal left ventricular wall thickness (4.5 mm [25th and 75th quartile, 4.1-4.7 mm] vs. 4.0 mm [25th and 75th quartile, 3.7-4.6 mm], P = 0.007) than those that did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that both baseline variables were independent predictors for development of an HCM phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The AMVL length was greater in cats that subsequently developed left ventricular hypertrophy. Further studies investigating the clinical application of AMVL in the natural history of feline HCM are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seo
- Animal Referral Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - J Novo Matos
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J R Payne
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - V Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D J Connolly
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Baron Toaldo M, Glaus T, Campagna I, Novo Matos J, Dennler M. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in healthy Beagle dogs compared to high field cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Vet J 2021; 271:105653. [PMID: 33840484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ten healthy Beagle dogs were used to compare selected echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular (RV) systolic function with high field cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All dogs underwent complete transthoracic echocardiography before and during anesthesia, as well as cardiac MRI with determination of morphology-based ejection fraction, and phase contrast angiography-derived stroke volume. A correlation analysis was carried out between echocardiographic and MRI parameters. The values of fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler imaging derived peak velocity of the isovolumic contraction wave and systolic wave of the lateral tricuspid valve annulus showed lower values under general anesthesia. Of all echocardiographic parameters of RV systolic function, only fractional area change (r = 0.671, P = 0.034) and tissue Doppler imaging derived peak velocity of the systolic wave of the lateral tricuspid valve annulus (r = 0.768; P = 0.01), showed a significant correlation with MRI derived stroke volume. None of the echocardiographic parameters correlated with MRI derived ejection fraction. When evaluating the RV echocardiographically, fractional area change and peak velocity of the systolic wave of the lateral tricuspid valve annulus appear to be the most reliable predictors of RV systolic function when compared to MRI under anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baron Toaldo
- Department for Small Animals, Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - T Glaus
- Department for Small Animals, Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Campagna
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Novo Matos
- Department for Small Animals, Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Dennler
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bartoszuk U, Keene BW, Baron Toaldo M, Pereira N, Summerfield N, Novo Matos J, Glaus TM. Holter monitoring demonstrates that ventricular arrhythmias are common in cats with decompensated and compensated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Vet J 2018; 243:21-25. [PMID: 30606435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmias can complicate cardiac disease in cats and are a potential cause of sudden death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and nature of cardiac arrhythmias, and the potential correlation between plasma serum troponin I (cTnI) concentrations and the presence or severity of arrhythmias in cats with decompensated (dHCM) and compensated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cHCM). Forty one client-owned cats were studied: 16 with cHCM, 15 with dHCM and 10 healthy control cats. Physical examination, echocardiography, cTnI and 24-h Holter recordings were obtained in all cats and thoracic radiographs in cats with dHCM. Cats in both HCM groups were followed for 1 year after their initial Holter examination. The median (range) number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) over 24h was 867 (1-35,160) in cats with dHCM, 431 (0-18,919) in cats with cHCM and 2 (0-13) in healthy control cats. The median number of episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VTach) was 0 (0-1497) in dHCM and 0.5 (0-91) in cats with cHCM. The number of VPCs, VTach episodes and heart rate was not different between the HCM groups. Plasma serum troponin I was highest in the cats with dHCM, but there was no correlation between cTnI concentration and the number of arrhythmias. Thirteen of 31 cats with HCM died, but an association with the presence and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias was not observed. Compared to healthy cats, ventricular arrhythmias were common in cats with cHCM and dHCM, but neither presence nor complexity of arrhythmias could be linked to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bartoszuk
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B W Keene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Dr. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - N Pereira
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Vet Zentrum, Riedäckerstrasse 7, 8422 Pfungen, Switzerland
| | - N Summerfield
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Virtual Veterinary Specialists, P.O. Box 1301, RH10 0NT, UK
| | - J Novo Matos
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - T M Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Alvares MM, Rodrigues KS, Matos JN, Oliveira DM. Abstract P3-03-06: Telomerase polymorphism and breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-03-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Telomerase is an enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance in almost all human cancer cells, but generally not expressed in somatic ones. The minimum essential components of telomerase are the catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and a non- coding RNA (TERC); TERT reverse transcribes telomere DNA using TERC as the template (1). Given the fundamental role of TERT in oncogenesis, polymorphisms of genes related to telomerase may influence the expression levels of this enzyme, influencing the host's susceptibility to tumor progression and metastasis [2,3]. Some studies have linked these polymorphisms with susceptibility and/or survival of patients with breast cancer [2,4,5,6]. In this work, we analyzed a region in the second intron of the gene TERT, located in chromosome 5p15.33, by sequencing, in order to find mutations associated with clinical aspects. The DNA of 65 patients with breast cancer were evaluated.
Methodology:
The population consisted of breast cancer patients who accepted to participate in the study, attended from March 2015 to September 2016 at a public hospital (HUB) and a private center for cancer treatment (Cettro®), both in Brasília city – Brazil. Standard DNA extraction from blood samples was performed by dehydration and precipitation with saturated NaCl solution. The concentration and purity of the DNA were determined by spectrophotometry using the NanoDrop One equipment® (Themo Scientific, Madison, USA). The region of interest was amplified by conventional PCR. The primer sequences were: F: 5'-ATG CGA CAG TTC GTG GCT CA-3 'and R: 5'-ATC CCC TGG CAC TGG ACG TA-3'. The sequencing was performed in the AB 3500 Genetic Analyzer® (Applied Biosystems). Data were analyzed by using software Chromas Lite ® (2.01, Technelysium Pty Ltd.) and the BLAST (NCBI - http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). GraphPad Prism software version 7.02 was used for statistical analyzes.
Results and Conclusion:
A total of 65 patients were selected for DNA analysis. We identified a recurrent mutation (C>T) among them. The allelic frequencies were 0,79 for C and 0,21 for T. Only three patients had genotype TT, but 21 were heterozygous (CT). This polymorphism was significantly associated with tumor grade, the presence of T allele were implicated in more aggressive (grade 3) tumors (p=0.028, chi-square test). Those patients whith genotype CT were at greater risk them others whith CC genotype of having high grade (3) breast tumors (odds ratio = 6.13, 95% confidence interval 1.46, 25.74; relative risk 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.02, 3.59).
Citation Format: Alvares MM, Rodrigues KS, Matos JN, Oliveira DM. Telomerase polymorphism and breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- MM Alvares
- Centro de Cancer de Brasília - CETTRO, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília - HUB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - KS Rodrigues
- Centro de Cancer de Brasília - CETTRO, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília - HUB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - JN Matos
- Centro de Cancer de Brasília - CETTRO, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília - HUB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - DM Oliveira
- Centro de Cancer de Brasília - CETTRO, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília - HUB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Novo Matos J, Pereira N, Glaus T, Wilkie L, Borgeat K, Loureiro J, Silva J, Law V, Kranjc A, Connolly DJ, Luis Fuentes V. Transient Myocardial Thickening in Cats Associated with Heart Failure. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:48-56. [PMID: 29243322 PMCID: PMC5787177 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and congestive heart failure (CHF) can have resolution of both left ventricular hypertrophy and CHF. Objectives To describe the clinical characteristics of cats with transient myocardial thickening (TMT) and CHF compared with a control population of cats without resolution of HCM. Animals A total of 21 cats with TMT, 21 cats with HCM. Methods Retrospective study. Clinical records at 4 veterinary centers were searched for TMT cases and a control group of cats with HCM and CHF. TMT was defined as initial maximal left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) ≥6 mm with left‐sided CHF, with subsequent resolution of CHF, reduction in left atrium/aorta (LA/Ao), and LVWT<5.5 mm. HCM was defined as persistent LVWT ≥6 mm. Results Cats with TMT were younger (2 [0.4–11.4] years) than cats with HCM (8 [1.6–14] years) (P < 0.0001), and antecedent events were more common (15/21 versus 6/21, respectively) (P = 0.01). In cats with TMT, LVWT normalized from 6.8 [6.0–9.7] mm to 4.8 [2.8–5.3] mm and LA/Ao decreased from 1.8 [1.6–2.3] to 1.45 [1.2–1.7] after a mean interval of 3.3 (95% CI: 1.8–4.7) months. CHF recurred in 1 of 21 TMT and 15 of 21 cats with HCM. Cardiac treatment was discontinued in 20 of 21 cats with TMT and 0 of 21 HCM cats. All cats with TMT survived, whereas 8 of 19 cats with HCM died during the study period. Conclusions and Clinical Importance TMT occurs in younger cats, and antecedent events are common. The prognosis is better in cats with CHF associated with TMT than HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novo Matos
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK.,Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Pereira
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Glaus
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Wilkie
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - K Borgeat
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Bristol, UK
| | - J Loureiro
- North Downs Specialists Referrals, Surrey, UK
| | - J Silva
- North Downs Specialists Referrals, Surrey, UK
| | - V Law
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - A Kranjc
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D J Connolly
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - V Luis Fuentes
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
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Pereira N, Novo Matos J, Baron Toaldo M, Bartoszuk U, Summerfield N, Riederer A, Reusch C, Glaus T. Cats with diabetes mellitus have diastolic dysfunction in the absence of structural heart disease. Vet J 2017; 225:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Glaus T, Sigrist N, Hofer-Inteeworn N, Kuemmerle-Fraune C, Mueller C, Geissweid K, Beckmann K, Wenger M, Novo Matos J. Unexplained bleeding as primary clinical complaint in dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 158:701-709. [PMID: 27707683 DOI: 10.17236/sat00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unexplained bleeding was the primary clinical complaint in 15 dogs diagnosed with A. vasorum and was observed in the mouth, as external bleeding, as large subcutaneous hematoma, as hemoptysis, in the brain, post ovariectomy, as epistaxis, in the anterior ocular chamber and on a tracheal intubation tube. In 8 dogs the cause of bleeding initially was suspected to be a minor trauma or a surgical complication, and various surgical approaches had been undertaken to eliminate the problem. In only 3 dogs respiratory signs were observed before the bleeding prompted referral. The median time elapsed between the first recognized clinical signs attributed to A. vasorum until diagnosis was 2 weeks (range1 day to 4 months). Four dogs died, 3 on the day of admission and 1 dog 4 days after admission. Suspected causes of death were respiratory failure and cerebral hemorrhage in 2 dogs each. Four dogs had been pre-treated with NSAIDs; of these, 2 dogs developed severe hemoptysis (1 died), 1 dog developed brain hemorrhage (and died), and 1 dog developed a large subcutaneous hematoma with marked anemia. Bleeding at various sites may be the only recognized abnormality in A. vasorum infection. Without a high index of suspicion, the diagnosis and appropriate therapy may be delayed to the point of a fatal outcome. Tests of coagulation were quite variable and the cause of bleeding likely multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
| | - N Sigrist
- Division of critical care, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
| | - N Hofer-Inteeworn
- Division of Neurology, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
| | - C Kuemmerle-Fraune
- Division of Neurology, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
| | - C Mueller
- Division of Neurology, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
| | - K Geissweid
- Division of Neurology, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
| | - K Beckmann
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
| | - M Wenger
- Tierärztliches Überweisungszentrum, Tenniken
| | - J Novo Matos
- Division of Cardiology, Department for Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich
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Hammes K, Novo Matos J, Baron Toaldo M, Glaus T. Hypovolemia induced systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in two dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 18:367-371. [PMID: 27639515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Systolic anterior (septal) motion of the mitral valve (SAM) is a common secondary phenomenon in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in people and cats. In humans, it is increasingly recognized that SAM may be found in other cardiac and non-cardiac disease states. In small animal cardiology, SAM unassociated with HCM has been described in dogs with mitral valve dysplasia and right ventricular pressure overload. In this report, we describe two cases of dogs where transient SAM was caused by hypovolemia. When SAM was present both dogs showed pseudohypertrophy and tachycardia. Important factors in the genesis of SAM in this scenario are probably hypovolemia induced changes in left ventricular geometry affecting the orientation of the mitral valve apparatus combined with elevated catecholamine levels. SAM associated with increased wall thickness is not pathognomonic of HCM; this observation is of particular clinical importance when extrapolated to species where HCM is highly prevalent, e.g., cats. An echocardiographic diagnosis should always be evaluated together with full clinical assessment of history and physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hammes
- Division of Cardiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Novo Matos
- Division of Cardiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Division of Cardiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - T Glaus
- Division of Cardiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Novo Matos J, Malbon A, Dennler M, Glaus T. Intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses in dogs with severe Angiostrongylus vasorum infection: clinical, radiographic, and echocardiographic evaluation. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 18:110-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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