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Novo Matos J, Sargent J, Silva J, Payne JR, Seo J, Spalla I, Borgeat K, Loureiro J, Pereira N, Simcock IC, Hutchinson JC, Arthurs OJ, Luis Fuentes V. Thin and hypokinetic myocardial segments in cats with cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 46:5-17. [PMID: 36893525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Thin and hypokinetic myocardial segments (THyMS) represent adverse ventricular (LV) remodeling in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We describe the echocardiographic features and outcome in cats with THyMS, and in a subpopulation, the echocardiographic phenotype before LV wall thinning was detected (pre-THyMS). ANIMALS Eighty client-owned cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective multicenter study. Clinical records were searched for cats with THyMS, defined as LV segment(s) with end-diastolic wall thickness (LVWT) <3 mm and hypokinesis in the presence of ≥one LV segment(s) with LVWT >4 mm and normal wall motion. When available, echocardiograms pre-THyMS were assessed. Survival time was defined as time from first presentation with THyMS to death. RESULTS Mean thickest LV wall segment (MaxLVWT) was 6.1 mm (95% CI 5.8-6.4 mm) and thinnest (MinLVWT) was 1.7 mm (95% CI 1.6-1.9 mm). The LV free wall was affected in 74%, apex in 13% and septum in 5%. Most cats (85%) presented with heart failure and/or arterial thromboembolism. Median circulating troponin I concentration was 1.4 ng/mL ([range 0.07-180 ng/mL]). Prior echocardiography results were available for 13/80 cats, a mean of 2.5 years pre-THyMS. In segments subsequently undergoing thinning, initial MaxLVWT measured 6.7 mm (95% CI 5.8-7.7 mm) vs. 1.9 mm (95% CI 1.5-2.4 mm) at last echocardiogram (P<0.0001). Survival data were available for 56/80 cats, median survival time after diagnosing THyMS was 153 days (95% CI 83-223 days). Cardiac histopathology in one cat revealed that THyMS was associated with severe transmural scarring. CONCLUSIONS Cats with THyMS had advanced cardiomyopathy and a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novo Matos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK; Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, UK.
| | - J Sargent
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Unit 6, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, BH24 3JW, Ringwood, Hampshire, UK
| | - J Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK; North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, Brewer Street, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | - J R Payne
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, BS40 5DU, Langford, UK
| | - J Seo
- Animal Referral Centre, 224 Albany Highway, Schnapper Rock, 0632, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I Spalla
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Via Feltrina, 29, 31038, Castagnole, Milan, Italy
| | - K Borgeat
- Langford Vets Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, BS40 5DU, Langford, UK
| | - J Loureiro
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, Brewer Street, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, Surrey, UK
| | - N Pereira
- Freelance Cardiology, Salstrasse 92, 8400, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - I C Simcock
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - J C Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - V Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, London, UK
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