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Vulgarin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Artemisia judaica, Improves the Antidiabetic Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Modulation of PEPCK and G6Pase Genes Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415856. [PMID: 36555498 PMCID: PMC9781739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current investigation assessed the effect of the eudesmanolid, Vulgarin (VGN), obtained from Artemisia judaica (A. judaica), on the antidiabetic potential of glibenclamide (GLB) using streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Seven groups of rats were used in the study; the first group received the vehicle and served as normal control. The diabetic rats of the second to the fifth groups were treated with the vehicle (negative control), GLB at 5 mg/kg (positive control), VGN at 10 mg/kg (VGN-10) and VGN at 20 mg/kg (VGN-20), respectively. The diabetic rats of the sixth and seventh groups were administered combinations of GLB plus VGN-10 and GLB plus VGN-20, respectively. The diabetic rats treated with GLB plus VGN-20 combination showed marked improvement in the fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as the lipid profile, compared with those treated with GLB alone. Further, the pancreatic tissues of the diabetic rats that received the GLB+VGN-20 combination showed superior improvements in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters than those of GLB monotherapy. The insulin content of the β-cells was restored in all treatments, while the levels of glucagon and somatostatin of the α- and δ-endocrine cells were reduced in the pancreatic islets. In addition, the concurrent administration of GLB+VGN-20 was the most effective in restoring PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA expression in the liver. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the GLB+VGN-20 combination led to greater glycemic improvement in diabetic rats compared with GLB monotherapy through its antioxidant effect and capability to modulate PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression in their livers.
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Virulence Genes and In Vitro Antibiotic Profile of Photobacterium damselae Strains, Isolated from Fish Reared in Greek Aquaculture Facilities. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223133. [PMID: 36428362 PMCID: PMC9687077 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the species Photobacterium damselae are pathogens of cultured marine fish, causing diseases of high importance, such as Pasteurellosis. Thus, they are considered a major threat to the aquaculture sector. Despite the great importance of fish mariculture for the Greek economy, the distribution and abundance of these bacteria are not well documented in aquaculture units in Greece. Keeping this in mind, the scope of the present study was to investigate the presence, antibiotic profile, and virulence of Photobacterium bacteria originating from a representative sample of mariculture units throughout Greece. Samples were collected from diseased fish belonging to three different cultured fish species, namely Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Pagrus pagrus, from both the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. Tissue samples were cultured in agar media, and bacteria were molecularly identified using both bacterial universal and species-specific primer pairs for Photobacterium spp. Additionally, the identified strains were characterized for the presence of virulence genes as well as antibiotic profiles. According to the results, the aforementioned bacteria are distributed in the Greek aquaculture units and are characterized by high pathogenicity based on the abundance of virulence genes. Furthermore, the majority of the detected strains exhibit some level of antibiotic resistance. In summary, our results indicate the need for systematic surveillance and study of their antibiotic profiles in Greek aquaculture since these bacteria constitute a major threat to the sector.
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D-Carvone Attenuates CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and TGF-ß 1/SMAD3 Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050739. [PMID: 35625467 PMCID: PMC9138456 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-carvone is a natural monoterpene found in abundance in the essential oil of aromatic medicinal plants with a wide range of pharmacological values. However, the impact of D-carvone on liver fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic potential of D-carvone in a rat model of liver fibrosis and to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride, CCl4 (2.5 mL/kg, interperitoneally every 72 h for 8 weeks). Oral treatment of rats with D-carvone (50 mg/kg, daily) started on the 3rd week of CCl4 administration. D-carvone significantly enhanced liver functions (ALT, AST), oxidant/antioxidant status (MDA, SOD, GSH, total antioxidant capacity; TAC), as well as histopathological changes. Moreover, D-carvone effectively attenuated the progression of liver fibrosis, evident by the decreased collagen deposition and fibrosis score by Masson trichrome staining (MT) and α-SMA protein expression. Moreover, D-carvone administration resulted in a significant downregulation of the pro-fibrogenic markers TGF-β1 and SMAD3 and upregulation of MMP9. These findings reveal the anti-fibrotic effect of D-carvone and suggest regulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, together with the antioxidant activity as a mechanistic cassette, underlines this effect. Therefore, D-carvone could be a viable candidate for inhibiting liver fibrosis and other oxidative stress-related hepatic diseases. Clinical studies to support our hypothesis are warranted.
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Gastroprotective effects and metabolomic profiling of Chasteberry fruits against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Abd-Elsalam RM, El Badawy SA, Ogaly HA, Ibrahim FM, Farag OM, Ahmed KA. Eruca sativa seed extract modulates oxidative stress and apoptosis and up-regulates the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in acrylamide-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53249-53266. [PMID: 34024031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) has been previously associated with male sexual dysfunction and infertility. Eruca sativa (L.) (arugula or rocket) have been widely used in traditional remedies in Mediterranean region and western Asia and was known for its strong aphrodisiac effect since Roman times. The current study was designed to investigate LC/MS analysis of total ethanol extract Eruca sativa (L.) and the efficiency and mechanism of action of Eruca sativa seed extract (ESS) in reducing hypogonadism induced by acrylamide in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 7): control group, Eruca sativa seed extract (ESS) at doses of 100 and 200 mg\kg, acrylamide (ACR), ACR + ESS 100 mg/kg, and ACR + ESS 200 mg/kg. The animals received ACR at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.wt for 60 days. Sperm indices, testicular oxidative stress, testosterone hormone, and testicular histopathology and immunohistochemistry of PCNA and caspase-3 were investigated. Moreover, the expression level of testicular B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) genes was evaluated. In respect to the LC/MS of total ethanol extract Eruca sativa (L.) seed revealed tentative identification of 39 compounds, which belongs to different classes as sulphur-containing compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acid, and fatty acids. Administration of ESS extract (100, 200 mg/kg) improved semen quality, diminished lipid peroxidation, enhanced testicular antioxidant enzyme, restored serum testosterone level, and reduced testicular degeneration and Leydig cell death in the rats intoxicated with ACR. However, the effects of ESS at the dose of 200 mg/kg were similar to that of control group. Furthermore, ESS treatment significantly induced anti-apoptotic effect indicated by elevation of both Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. Nutriceutics of ESS extract protects testis against ACR-induced testicular toxicity via normalizing testicular steroidogenesis, keeping Leydig cells, and improving oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shymaa A El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Faten M Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ola M Farag
- General Organization for Veterinary Services, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Possible Synergistic Antidiabetic Effects of Quantified Artemisia judaica Extract and Glyburide in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Restoration of PPAR-α mRNA Expression. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080796. [PMID: 34440028 PMCID: PMC8389674 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary A considerable number of diabetic patients are in favour of using oral antidiabetic drugs in combination with certain herbs instead of using oral antidiabetic drugs alone. Artemisia judaica (AJ) is one of the herbs documented to have antidiabetic effects. This study examined the effect of using combination of A. judaica extract (AJE) and the oral hypoglycemic drug glyburide (GLB, 5 mg/kg) on diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentage, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers were estimated. The histopathological examination of the pancreas and the immunohistochemical analysis of anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, and anti-somatostatin protein expressions were also performed. The analysis of the hepatic mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) genes was performed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Combination of GLB and 500 mg/kg of AJE highly improved FBG, insulin levels, HbA1c, and lipid profile in blood when compared with GLB monotherapy. Furthermore, GLB plus 500 mg/kg of AJE combination was the most successful in restoring insulin content in the β-cells and diminished the levels of glucagon and somatostatin of the α- and δ-endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets, restoring PPAR-α and Nrf2 mRNA expression in the liver. In conclusion, these data indicate that GLB plus 500 mg/kg of AJE combination gives greater glycemic improvement than GLB monotherapy. Abstract Several members of the genus Artemisia are used in both Western and African traditional medicine for the control of diabetes. A considerable number of diabetic patients switch to using oral antidiabetic drugs in combination with certain herbs instead of using oral antidiabetic drugs alone. This study examined the effect of Artemisia judaica extract (AJE) on the antidiabetic activity of glyburide (GLB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups. Normal rats of the first group were treated with the vehicle. The diabetic rats in the second–fifth groups received vehicle, GLB (5 mg/kg), AJE low dose (250 mg/kg), and AJE high dose (500 mg/kg), respectively. Groups sixth–seventh were treated with combinations of GLB plus the lower dose of AJE and GLB plus the higher dose of AJE, respectively. All administrations were done orally for eight weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentage, serum lipid profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were estimated. The histopathological examination of the pancreas and the immunohistochemical analysis of anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, and anti-somatostatin protein expressions were also performed. The analysis of the hepatic mRNA expression of PPAR-α and Nrf2 genes were performed using quantitative RT-PCR. All treatments significantly lowered FBG levels when compared with the STZ-control group with the highest percentage reduction exhibited by the GLB plus AJE high dose combination. This combination highly improved insulin levels, HbA1c, and lipid profile in blood of diabetic rats compared to GLB monotherapy. In addition, all medicaments restored insulin content in the β-cells and diminished the levels of glucagon and somatostatin of the α- and δ-endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets. Furthermore, the GLB plus AJE high dose combination was the most successful in restoring PPAR-α and Nrf2 mRNA expression in the liver. In conclusion, these data indicate that the GLB plus AJE high dose combination gives greater glycemic improvement in male Wistar rats than GLB monotherapy.
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Abu-Elala NM, Attia MM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Gamal A, Younis NA. Peracetic acid treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora: Ichthyophthiriidae) and Trichodina spp. reduces the infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and improves survival in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). AQUACULTURE 2021; 538:736591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abu-Elala NM, Ali TES, Ragaa NM, Ali SE, Abd-Elsalam RM, Younis NA, Abdel-Moneam DA, Hamdien AH, Bonato M, Dawood MA. Analysis of the Productivity, Immunity, and Health Performance of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Broodstock-fed Dietary Fermented Extracts Sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hilyses): A Field Trial. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030815. [PMID: 33799378 PMCID: PMC7998373 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The low performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock and high seed mortality along the spawning season are the major constraints which are directly reflected in hatchery profit. Broodstock nutrition is a key factor that can influence fish reproduction and subsequent larval quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fermented extracts sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (nucleotides, β-glucans and MOS) (Hilyses®) on the seed production and health of Nile tilapia broodstock, as well as on seed survival and growth performance. The study was performed in the hatchery along the spawning season and continued in the laboratory to monitor the performance in fry and fingerlings. The results showed that dietary fermented yeast extracts could be used as a strategic approach to sustain tilapia production, as they improve the productivity and health of broodstock as well as seed survival and performance. Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary fermented extracts sourced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (nucleotides, β-glucans and MOS) (Hilyses®) on the production and health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock, as well as on seed survival and performance. The trial was performed in a hatchery along the spawning season and continued in the laboratory to monitor the performance in fry and fingerlings. The broodstock were divided into two groups, (C) fed a basal diet and (H) fed 0.4% Hilyses. Blood and histological parameters, antioxidant power, cortisol level and the expression of some immune-related (TLR-2, IL-1β and TNF-α) and growth-related genes (MUC-2 and IGF-1) were measured. The obtained seeds were subdivided into four treatments: (C-C) fed a basal diet, (C-H) fed 0.4% Hilyses, (H-C) fed a basal diet and (H-H) fed 0.4% Hilyses. Results revealed that the dietary inclusion of Hilyses in the broodstock increased seed production, survival, hematological parameters, and antioxidant power. Moreover, it improved the intestinal microstructure and upregulated the immune- and growth-related genes. The growth indices of fry and fingerlings were significantly increased in all Hilyses-treated groups (p < 0.05). The performance in the (H-H) group significantly surpassed those of all groups. Therefore, dietary fermented yeast could be used as a strategic solution to sustain tilapia production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M. Abu-Elala
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (N.A.Y.); (D.A.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.A.-E.); (M.A.O.D.)
| | - Tamer El-Sayed Ali
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; (T.E.-S.A.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Naela M. Ragaa
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Sara E. Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Reham M. Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Nehal A. Younis
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (N.A.Y.); (D.A.A.-M.)
| | - Dalia A. Abdel-Moneam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (N.A.Y.); (D.A.A.-M.)
| | - Aya H. Hamdien
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt; (T.E.-S.A.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Melina Bonato
- Research and Development, ICC Industrial Comércio Exportaçãoe Importação SA, São Paulo 01451-909, Brazil;
| | - Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.M.A.-E.); (M.A.O.D.)
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El-Son MAM, Elbahnaswy S, Ibrahim I. Molecular and histopathological characterization of Photobacterium damselae in naturally and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1505-1517. [PMID: 32984991 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortality has occurred among cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on fish farms in Manzala, Dakahlia province, Egypt, in the summer season, 2019. Moribund fish were reported with deep ulcers, septicaemic lesions and sampled for bacterial isolation. In this study, most isolates were subjected to bacteriological examination, antibiotic sensitivity test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histopathological examination. Following isolate identification, intraperitoneal challenge of Nile tilapia with a bacterial suspension 2 × 106 CFU/ml was performed. Samples from liver, spleen and kidney were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed a high similarity (99%) to Photobacterium damselae strains using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. P. damselae exhibited resistance to amoxicillin and erythromycin, as well it was highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and doxycycline. Moreover, haemorrhage, oedema, hemosiderosis and melanomacrophage activation in the liver and head kidney of infected fish were detected by light and electron microscopy. Also, significant higher levels of CAT and SOD in the spleen and head kidney, as well as the serum levels of NO were observed in experimentally challenged O. niloticus, compared to the control fish. Our data identified P. damselae for the first time from infected Nile tilapia, describing its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics, histopathological alterations and oxidative stress impact, and it could be useful indicators for understanding P. damselae pathogenesis, which might provide a preventive efficacy for P. damselae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A M El-Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abu‐Elala NM, Abd‐Elsalam RM, Younis NA. Streptococcosis, Lactococcosis and Enterococcosis are potential threats facing cultured Nile tilapia (
Oreochomis niloticus
) production. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 51:4183-4195. [DOI: 10.1111/are.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M. Abu‐Elala
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Reham M. Abd‐Elsalam
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Younis
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Carraro R, Dalla Rovere G, Ferraresso S, Carraro L, Franch R, Toffan A, Pascoli F, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L. Development of a real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in fish tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:247-254. [PMID: 28857188 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of a rapid and accurate method for the diagnosis of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), able to discriminate its strictly correlated subsp. damselae (Phdd), formally known as Vibrio damsela, is essential for managing fish pasteurellosis outbreaks in farmed fish. A single-step, high-sensitivity real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection and quantification of P. damselae was designed targeting partial of the sequence of the bamB gene and tested for specificity and sensitivity on laboratory-generated samples as well as on experimentally infected seabream tissue samples. With a limit of detection (LOD) of one copy in pure bacterial DNA, the sensitivity was higher than all methods previously reported. Validation in target and non-target bacterial species proved the assay was able to discriminate Phdd-Phdp subspecies from diverse hosts/geographical origins and between non-target species. In addition, two SNPs in the target amplicon region determine two distinctive qPCR dissociation curves distinguishing between Phdp-Phdd. This is the first time that a molecular method for P. damselae diagnosis combines detection, quantification and subspecies identification in one step. The assay holds the potential to improve the knowledge of infection dynamics and the development of better strategies to control an important fish disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - R Franch
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Toffan
- Fish Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Crustacean and Mollusc Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Pascoli
- Fish Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Crustacean and Mollusc Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Eissa IAM, Derwa HI, Ismail M, El-Lamie M, Dessouki AA, Elsheshtawy H, Bayoumy EM. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Photobacterium damselae among some marine fishes in Lake Temsah. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:315-322. [PMID: 29225092 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae species are one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens in mariculture worldwide. Some species of Photobacterium are pathogenic for marine animals and human. They are the causative agents of photobacteriosis, formerly known as pasteurellosis. A total of (202) marine fishes of three different species were represented as: seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), seabream (Sparus aurata) and gray mullet (Mugil capitus) randomly collected from Lake Temsah at Ismailia governorate along the parallel Pelagic road to the lake in the governorate from August 2015 to July 2016. The clinical picture and gross lesions of the diseased fishes were recorded. Isolation and identification of suspected bacteria using traditional and molecular methods. Samples from affected organs were collected for studying the histopathological alterations of these pathogens. Fifty one fishes were found to be infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida. Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the most infected fish species (23), followed by seabream (Sparus aurata) (18) finally gray mullet (Mugil capitus) was (10). 91fishes were found to be infected with P. damselae subsp. damselae, seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the most infected fish sp. (36), followed by seabream (Sparus aurata) (32), then gray mullet (Mugil capitus) (23). The results indicated that, the total prevalence of P. damselae subsp. piscicida in all examined species (25.24%), the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer season (37.09%) followed by autumn (26%) then spring (20.37%) and winter (11.11%). On the other hand, the total prevalence of P. damselae subsp. damselae in all examined species (45.04%), the highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer season (67.74%) followed by autumn (52%) then spring (29.62%) and winter (19.44%). Molecular diagnosis with conventional PCR used to confirm the traditional isolation was applied by using specific primers of two genes (polycapsular saccharide gene and urease C gene). The histopathological studies of naturally infected marine fishes showed severe inflammatory reactions in different organs with accumulation of melanomacrophages and necrosis. The results confirm that P. damselae subspecies damsalea is the most prevalent pathogen between marine fishes, and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the highly affected marine fishes in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A M Eissa
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - H I Derwa
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Mona Ismail
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Maather El-Lamie
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Amina A Dessouki
- Pathology Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Hassnaa Elsheshtawy
- Fish Diseases and Management Dept., Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Bayoumy
- Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Biology Department, Girls Science College, IAU, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Pathogenesis of Photobacterium damselae subspecies infections in sea bass and sea bream. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abu-Elala NM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Marouf S, Abdelaziz M, Moustafa M. Eutrophication, Ammonia Intoxication, and Infectious Diseases: Interdisciplinary Factors of Mass Mortalities in Cultured Nile Tilapia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:187-198. [PMID: 27484819 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2016.1185050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the possible causes of the mass mortalities of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at El-Behera Governorate, Egypt, in relationship to environmental and microbiotic factors. Water samples were collected from fish farms at different locations and from Lake Edku to analyze water temperature, water pH, salinity, biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen, and un-ionized ammonia. A number of moribund and freshly dead fish were sampled and submitted to our laboratory for microbiological, molecular, and histopathological examination. Water analysis of the fish farms revealed noticeable increases in the previously mentioned physicochemical parameters. Clinical examinations of moribund fish showed severe gill rot and massive external and internal hemorrhages. Ordinary and molecular laboratory findings confirmed the presence of Branchiomyces sp. in gill tissue and mixed bacterial fish pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, and P. aeruginosa) in visceral organs. The histopathological and transmission electron microscopic examinations revealed severe necrosis of gill filaments and blockage of branchial blood vessels and lamellar capillaries with Branchiomyces sp. hyphae and spores mixed with different shapes of bacteria. Severe inflammations were detected in liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissues. Ultimately, we can conclude that the syndrome of mass fish kills in this area is a consequence of ecological damage to the aquatic environment, which is mainly related to natural and anthropogenic factors, as well as to the presence of infectious agents. Received September 30, 2015; accepted April 12, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M Abu-Elala
- a Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University ,Giza Square, Post Office Code 12211 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza Square, Post Office Code 12211 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sherif Marouf
- c Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza Square, Post Office Code 12211 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaziz
- a Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University ,Giza Square, Post Office Code 12211 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- a Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University ,Giza Square, Post Office Code 12211 , Giza , Egypt
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