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Elafify M, Sadoma NM, Abd El Aal SFA, Bayoumi MA, Ahmed Ismail T. Occurrence and D-Tryptophan Application for Controlling the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Products. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070922. [PMID: 35405910 PMCID: PMC8996961 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were first to determine the prevalence of non O157:H7E. coli, especially Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in retailed milk and dairy products in Egypt. Second, the antimicrobial resistance profiling and virulence genes of the isolated E. coli strains were screened. Third, evaluation of the inhibitory effects of D-tryptophan against E. coli O26:H11 was further performed. The results revealed that 20% (30/150) of the samples were STEC positive, with 64 isolates harboring some virulent genes, such as Stx1, Stx2, eaeA, and hylA. Serological identification revealed four different pathotypes belonging to EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, and EIEC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 100%, 98.44%, 92.19%, 71.87%, 65.63% and 64.06% of the isolates had a resistance against tetracycline, oxacillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, sulphamethoxazol, and ampicillin, respectively. D-tryptophan addition (40 mM) to E. coli O26:H11-inoculated soft cheese and ice cream revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bacterial growth, especially when accompanied with other food stressors. D-Tryptophan is considered as an effective food preservative and as a promising alternative candidate in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Sadoma
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (S.F.A.A.E.A.)
| | - Salah F. A. Abd El Aal
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (S.F.A.A.E.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Bayoumi
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (S.F.A.A.E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1000526062
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Loads of Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms and Characterization of Thermotolerant Escherichia coli in Fresh Raw Milk Cheese. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030332. [PMID: 35159482 PMCID: PMC8834472 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic status of raw milk cheese and determine the trends of virulence and antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant Escherichia coli. Two hundred samples of karish, a popular Egyptian fresh raw milk cheese, were analyzed for coliforms and fecal coliforms using a standard most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 85% of samples were unsuitable for consumption, as they exceeded Egyptian standards for coliforms (10 MPN/g), and 65% of samples exhibited coliforms at 44.5 °C. Of 150 recovered thermotolerant strains, 140 (93.3%) were identified as E. coli. Importantly, one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strain carrying a striking virulence pattern, stx1−, stx2+, eae−, was detected. Eleven strains (7.8%, 11/140) showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic resistance genes included blaSHV, blaCTX-M, qnrS, tet(A), and tet(B), which were present in 4.3%, 2.8%, 0.71%, 2.1%, and 0.71% of isolates, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated that hygienic-sanitary failures occurred throughout the production process of most retail karish cheese. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the need for adopting third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in raw milk cheese to identify the potential public health burden associated with its consumption.
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Elafify M, Darwish WS, El-Toukhy M, Badawy BM, Mohamed RE, Shata RR. Prevalence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in dairy products with the evaluation of the inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against Salmonella growth in cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 364:109534. [PMID: 35033976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigation of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. in the retailed dairies in Egypt. Besides, the inhibitory effects of some natural additives, including, ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against the isolated Salmonella were evaluated using soft cheese as a food matrix. To reach to this end, different Egyptian retail dairy products were investigated; 30 samples of each product were analyzed. Kariesh cheese samples had the highest Salmonella prevalence rate at 16.67%, followed by market raw milk, and bulk tank milk at 6.66% each, and white soft cheese at 3.33%. Serological examination exhibited 5 different Salmonella serotypes, namely S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow, S. Larochelle, and S. Apeyeme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 100% of the isolates possessed resistance to erythromycin, oxacillin, and nalidixic acid. Some isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were resistant to all 14 examined antibiotics. Isolates of S. Enteritidis obtained in this study were used to contaminate the freshly prepared soft cheese. Treatment of the artificially Salmonella-contaminated soft cheese with pomegranate peel extract, ascorbic acid, and D-tryptophan revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in Salmonella growth in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the examined natural additives can be viewed as a promising new line of preservatives for dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Toukhy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rehab E Mohamed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Radwa Reda Shata
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Bozatli SB, Dikici A, Ergönül B. Determination of the changes in the gastric fluid endurance of O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli during storage of experimentally produced beef frankfurter. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3086-3093. [PMID: 34294971 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and serogroups O103, O26 and O145 to synthetic gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.5) were investigated during frankfurter storage. Pathogens were inoculated (5 ± 1 log10 cfu g-1) on frankfurters and frankfurters were stored at 4 °C for 75 days in vacuum packages. Population changes of the competitive flora and STEC, changes in the pH of the frankfurters and resistance of STEC to SGF were monitored on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 of frankfurter storage. Direct synthetic gastric fluid (DSGF) challenges were also conducted to assess pathogen resistance without being effected by frankfurters, by inoculating pathogen cultures directly into SGF. Results showed that acid resistance of O145 and O26 was stronger than that of O103 and O157 during frankfurter storage. Resistance of O103 to SGF was better than that of O157 during frankfurter storage but, was similar to that of O157 during DSGF challenges. Results indicate that acid resistance of some strains of STEC pathogens might differentiate during storage of frankfurters. Different resistance capabilities to SGF were observed in the STEC strains when inoculated and stored on frankfurters than directly inoculated in the SGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Betül Bozatli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Dikici
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Bülent Ergönül
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Elzhraa F, Al-Ashmawy M, El-Sherbini M, Abdelkhalek A. Critical occurrence of verotoxgenic E.coli and non-typhoidal salmonella in some heat treated dairy products. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:9318. [PMID: 34268144 PMCID: PMC8256307 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of E.coli and Salmonella are common causes of foodborne illness and have been frequently isolated from inadequately heat-treated milk products in Mansoura city. The current study was performed to explore the prevalence of E.coli and Salmonella spp. in heattreated milk products intended for consumption in Mansoura university hospitals and hostels, as well as, to investigate their serotypes and virulence potential. Seventyfive samples of heat-treated milk products (Soft cheese, yoghurt, and processed cheese, 25 of each) were randomly gathered and directed to further investigation using conventional and molecular microbiology. Result revealed that 3(12%) of soft cheese samples harbored E.coli O146:H21, O26:H11 and O128:H2 serotypes and 2(8%) of yoghurt samples were contaminated with O128:H2 and O121:H7 serotypes while 3(12%) of processed cheese samples were positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Essen). Virulence gene profiling reported that all E.coli isolates harbored eaeA gene and only E.coli O26:H11 and O121:H7 encoded stx2 (verotoxin) gene. Further, all Salmonella isolates harbored invA and stn genes, while only Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis encoded spvC gene. This study confirmed the existence of highly pathogenic verotoxogenic E.coli (VTEC) and NTS in investigated milk products which could be hazardous for public health and resident in Mansoura hospitals and hostels. Hence, the implementation of good hygienic practices together with hazard analysis, and risk-based preventive control measures are rigorously required in the process of HACCP plan to eliminate the risk of contamination that may occur during the manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Elzhraa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed El-Sherbini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Survival rate of Escherichia coli O157 in artificially contaminated raw and thermized ewe milk in different Pecorino cheese production processes. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 347:109175. [PMID: 33812165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pecorino is a typical Italian cheese, mostly produced in central and southern Italy regions using ewe raw milk and following traditional procedures. The use of raw milk constitutes a risk linked to the potential survival or multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms, as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The aim of this study was to compare different Italian traditional Pecorino production methods to determine if there were any phases that could influence the Escherichia coli O157 survival rate, but also if they could negatively influence lactic acid bacteria survival rate, during the phases of production and ripening. Therefore batches of Pecorino cheese were prepared using different production methods, representing the real and typical cheese production in southern and central Italy regions: 1) heating the milk at 37 °C for about 40 min before curding, 2) heating the milk at 60 °C (thermization) for 13 min, so that the alkaline phosphatase reaction is still positive before curding, 3) cooking curd at 41 °C and 4) at 45 °C, both for 5 min. Our results demonstrated that traditional milk treatments different from pasteurization can help but do not eliminate serious microbiological treats, as E. coli O157, especially if the raw milk is heavily contaminated. The heat treatment at 60 °C applied to raw milk was able to decrease the concentration of E. coli O157 of 1.7 log10CFU/ml and, according to the inactivation slope, it would be further reduced prolonging the heating treatment. The results obtained also showed that, during the Pecorino cheese ripening, E. coli O157 was always enumerable for 60 days, remaining detectable after 90 days of ripening.
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Cortimiglia C, Borney MF, Bassi D, Cocconcelli PS. Genomic Investigation of Virulence Potential in Shiga Toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) Strains From a Semi-Hard Raw Milk Cheese. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:629189. [PMID: 33597935 PMCID: PMC7882498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.629189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represents a significant cause of foodborne disease. In the last years, an increasing number of STEC infections associated with the consumption of raw and pasteurized milk cheese have been reported, contributing to raise the public awareness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main genomic features of STEC strains isolated from a semi-hard raw milk cheese, focusing on their pathogenic potential. The analysis of 75 cheese samples collected during the period between April 2019 and January 2020 led to the isolation of seven strains from four stx-positive enrichment. The genome investigation evidenced the persistence of two serotypes, O174:H2 and O116:H48. All strains carried at least one stx gene and were negative for eae gene. The virulence gene pattern was homogeneous among the serogroup/ST and included adherence factors (lpfA, iha, ompT, papC, saa, sab, hra, and hes), enterohemolysin (ehxA), serum resistance (iss, tra), cytotoxin-encoding genes like epeA and espP, and the Locus of Adhesion and Autoaggregation Pathogenicity Islands (LAA PAIs) typically found in Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-negative STEC. Genome plasticity indicators, namely, prophagic sequences carrying stx genes and plasmid replicons, were detected, leading to the possibility to share virulence determinants with other strains. Overall, our work adds new knowledge on STEC monitoring in raw milk dairy products, underlining the fundamental role of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for typing these unknown isolates. Since, up to now, some details about STEC pathogenesis mechanism is lacking, the continuous monitoring in order to protect human health and increase knowledge about STEC genetic features becomes essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cortimiglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una Filiera Agro-Alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Borney
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una Filiera Agro-Alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Bassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una Filiera Agro-Alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Pier Sandro Cocconcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una Filiera Agro-Alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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8
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Hussien H, Elbehiry A, Saad M, Hadad G, Moussa I, Dawoud T, Mubarak A, Marzouk E. Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from cheese and biocontrol of Shiga toxigenic E. coli with essential oils. Ital J Food Saf 2019; 8:8291. [PMID: 31632932 PMCID: PMC6784595 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research was carried out to study the incidence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Egyptian cheese (Kariesh and Ras) and molecular characterization of certain E. coli virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eaeA, hlyA and fimH) using multiplex PCR technique. Biocontrol of E. coli with essential oils (clove and thyme oil) was also studied. A total of 150 random samples of Kariesh and Ras cheese (75 each) were collected from various areas in Governorate of Menoufia. According to our results, the frequency of E. coli isolated from Kariesh and Ras cheese was 16% and 5.3%, respectively. Serological identification classified the E. coli strains into two groups, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) serogroup (O26: H11, O91: H21, O111: H2 and O103: H2). While the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) serogroup were detected as O125: H21 which is the most prevalent strain. O171: H2, O86 and O119: H6 belonging to enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The most prevalent gene detected in E. coli strains was stx1 (87.5%) followed by stx2 (86%), fimH (75%), hlyA (50%) and eaeA (25%) genes. Concerning the antimicrobial activity with essential oils, thyme oil (1%) is considered as the bactericidal effect against E. coli (ATCC35150) with improved the sensory evaluation than clove oil (1%). In conclusion, Kariesh and Ras cheese are extremely tainted with pathogenic E. coli strains, which represent a strong hazard on the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Hussien
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Saad
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shebin Al-Kom, Menofia University, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hadad
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ihab Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Turki Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Elafify M, Darwish WS, Al-Ashmawy M, Elsherbini M, Koseki S, Kawamura S, Abdelkhalek A. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Egyptian dairy products: molecular, antimicrobial profiles and a reduction trial using d-tryptophan. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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de la Rosa-Hernández MC, Cadena-Ramírez A, Téllez-Jurado A, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Chávez-Urbiola EA, Castro-Rosas J. Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on Fresh Cheeses from Local Retail Markets in Mexico. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1748-1754. [PMID: 30272999 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cheesemaking is one of the most important industries in Mexico. Among all the Mexican cheeses, fresh cheeses are the most popular and most consumed cheese in Mexico and Latin America. However, in Mexico fresh cheese is frequently made with unpasteurized milk and sold in public markets. This may increase the risk for contamination of dairy products with pathogenic bacteria. The presence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in food is an important public health concern. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEPs) are foodborne bacteria. This study investigated the presence of indicator bacteria and multidrug-resistant DEPs in fresh cheeses. A total of 120 fresh cheese samples were collected from public markets in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. The samples were analyzed for presence of fecal coliforms (FC), E. coli, and antibiotic resistant DEPs. FC and E. coli were analyzed using the most-probable-number technique. DEPs were identified using two multiplex PCR methods. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was tested for the isolated DEPs strains by the standard assay. The frequency of FC, E. coli, and DEPs in the cheese samples was 50, 40, and 19%, respectively. The identified DEPs included Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC; 8%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 6%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 5%). All isolated strains exhibited resistance to at least five antibiotics. One, one, two, and three STEC strains were resistant to 14, 12, 11, and 10 antibiotics, respectively. One strain of EPEC was resistant to 11 antibiotics, three EPEC strains to 9, and one strain to 7. One, one, and two strains of ETEC were resistant to 10, 8, and 7 antibiotics, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that fresh cheeses made with unpasteurized milk could be a risk for consumers, both for native people and visitors to Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C de la Rosa-Hernández
- 1 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Kilómetro 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Arturo Cadena-Ramírez
- 1 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Kilómetro 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alejandro Téllez-Jurado
- 1 Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Kilómetro 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C.P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- 2 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- 2 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Edgar Arturo Chávez-Urbiola
- 3 Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México.,4 Catedrático CONACyT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, Colonia Crédito Constructor, Delegación Benito Júarez C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- 2 Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (ICBI), Ciudad del Conocimiento (CC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Kilómetro 4.5, C.P. 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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11
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Ranjbar R, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Sakhaei Shahreza MH, Rahimi E. Prevalence, identification of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:53. [PMID: 29686859 PMCID: PMC5902837 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strains are one of the most important foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance. Foodborne STEC strains are mainly associated with presence of certain virulence factors and O-seogroups. The present investigation was done to study the distribution of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from milk and dairy products. Methods Six-hundred samples were randomly collected and immediately transferred to laboratory. All samples were cultured and E. coli strains were isolated. STEC strains were identified based on the presence of putative virulence factors and subtypes. STEC isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR and disk diffusion methods. Results One-hundred and eighty-one out of 600 samples (30.16%) harbored E. coli. Prevalence of STEC strains was 10.66%. O157 (43.75%) and O26 (37.50%) were the most frequently identified serogroups. Aac(3)-IV (100%), CITM (96.87%) and tetA (76.56%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. STEC strains had the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%) and tetracycline (96.87%). Conclusions Kashk and dough were negative for presence of E. coli strains. High prevalence of resistant-O157 strains and simultaneous presence of multiple virulence factors pose an important public health problem regarding the consumption of raw milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- 1Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Hamed OM, Sabry MA, Hassanain NA, Hamza E, Hegazi AG, Salman MB. Occurrence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in some food products and human stool in Egypt. Vet World 2017; 10:1233-1240. [PMID: 29184370 PMCID: PMC5682269 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1233-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represent a severe public health issue worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases in the human gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant STEC in retail meat and milk products and human stool samples and to characterize the genes encoding for virulence and antibiotic resistance among the identified STEC isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 260 food samples were randomly collected from retail markets in different localities of El Giza Governorate, Egypt. 50 stool specimens were obtained from children that had diarrhea at Embaba Fever Hospital. All collected samples were initially subjected to bacteriological examination and serotyping, and then subsequently, the isolates were exposed to polymerase chain reaction application and sequencing for the identification of the virulence-related genes. Finally, the virulent STEC isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. RESULTS Serotyping of the 76 biochemically identified isolates showed that 18 were STEC with a predominance of non-O157 (16) while 2 O157:K-serotype was detected only in one food and one human isolate. Molecular identification of the virulence genes illustrated that the minced meat showed the highest prevalence of STEC (8%) as compared to the other food products. In the humans, the O157 was the only serotype that expresses the Shiga toxin-associated gene (eaeA). Antibiotic susceptibility test displayed that 13 of the 17 food and human isolates (76.47%) were resistant to cephalothin (KF30). 9 of the 13 cephalothin-resistant isolates harbor the β lactamase (blaTEM )-resistant gene. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and gentamicin. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the stx2-positive minced meat isolate revealed a high genetic relatedness with beef minced meat from the USA and Australia. CONCLUSION This study showed the predominance of non-O157 among the identified isolates. Minced meat showed the highest prevalence of STEC as compared to the other food products, and this work illustrates the necessity to consider the food products as a potential source of the non-O157 STEC serotypes. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high genetic relatedness with beef minced meat from the USA and Australia. This highlights the high probability of worldwide spread of such serotypes, signifying the importance of the one world concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Ahmed Sabry
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawal A. Hassanain
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G. Hegazi
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Badawy Salman
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Chaleshtori FS, Arani NM, Aghadavod E, Naseri A, Chaleshtori RS. Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli recovered from traditional milk products in Kashan, Iran. Vet World 2017; 10:1264-1268. [PMID: 29184374 PMCID: PMC5682273 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1264-1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains as emerging groups of foodborne pathogens are responsible for most foodborne illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern in STEC isolated from traditional milk products and their molecular characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 116 samples were randomly purchased from local markets in Kashan, Iran, and evaluated for the occurrence of STEC by culturing and molecular methods. The antibiotic resistance of obtained isolates was determined by Kirby Bauer method. Furthermore, isolates were assayed for the presence of Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) and intimin gene (eae). RESULTS The incidence of E. coli in 60 ice cream, 30 yoghurt, and 26 cheese samples was 8.33%, 10%, and 11.54%, respectively. The findings showed that 11 out of 11 (100%) E. coli had both stx1 and stx2 while eae gene was not found in E. coli isolated of traditional milk products. For E. coli strains carrying stx1 and stx2, highest antibiotic sensitive levels were related to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. CONCLUSION The results showed relationship between the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. These results can be used for further studies on STEC as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sharafati Chaleshtori
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Navid Mazroii Arani
- Department of Microbiology Food and Hygiene Control Laboratory, Deputy of Food and Drug, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Afshin Naseri
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Fayemi OE, Taylor JRN, Buys EM. Potential for prevention of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia colicontamination in traditionally fermented African maize gruel by fermentative probioticLactobacillus plantarum. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju E. Fayemi
- Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X 20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - John R. N. Taylor
- Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X 20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Elna M. Buys
- Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X 20, Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
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Fayemi OE, Buys EM. Effect ofLactobacillus plantarumon the survival of acid-tolerant non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) strains in fermented goat's milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju E Fayemi
- Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X 20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Elna M Buys
- Department of Food Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X 20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
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BUTCHER H, ELSON R, CHATTAWAY MA, FEATHERSTONE CA, WILLIS C, JORGENSEN F, DALLMAN TJ, JENKINS C, McLAUCHLIN J, BECK CR, HARRISON S. Whole genome sequencing improved case ascertainment in an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 associated with raw drinking milk. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:2812-23. [PMID: 27338677 PMCID: PMC9150458 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Five cases of STEC O157 phage type (PT) 21/28 reported consumption of raw cows' drinking milk (RDM) produced at a dairy farm in the South West of England. STEC O157 PT21/28 was isolated from faecal specimens from milking cows on the implicated farm. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) showed that human and cattle isolates were the same strain. Further analysis of WGS data confirmed that sequences of isolates from an additional four cases (who did not report consumption of RDM when first questioned) fell within the same five single nucleotide polymorphism cluster as the initial five cases epidemiologically linked to the consumption of RDM. These four additional cases identified by WGS were investigated further and were, ultimately, associated with the implicated farm. The RDM outbreak strain encoded stx2a, which is associated with increased pathogenicity and severity of symptoms. Further epidemiological analysis showed that 70% of isolates within a wider cluster containing the outbreak strain were from cases residing in, or linked to, the same geographical region of England. During this RDM outbreak, use of WGS improved case ascertainment and provided insights into the evolution of a highly pathogenic clade of STEC O157 PT21/28 stx2a associated with the South West of England.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. BUTCHER
- Devon, Cornwall and Somerset Public Health England Centre, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - R. ELSON
- Gastrointestinal and Emerging Zoonotic Infections Department, Public Health England, UK
| | - M. A. CHATTAWAY
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - C. A. FEATHERSTONE
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Veterinary Investigation Centre, Thirsk, Yorkshire, UK
| | - C. WILLIS
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Services, Public Health England, UK
| | - F. JORGENSEN
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Services, Public Health England, UK
| | - T. J. DALLMAN
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - C. JENKINS
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - J. McLAUCHLIN
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Services, Public Health England, UK
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. R. BECK
- Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, UK
| | - S. HARRISON
- Devon, Cornwall and Somerset Public Health England Centre, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Elhadidy M, Álvarez-Ordóñez A. Diversity of Survival Patterns among Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genotypes Subjected to Food-Related Stress Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:322. [PMID: 27014242 PMCID: PMC4791531 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance patterns to food-related stresses of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains belonging to specific genotypes. A total of 33 E. coli O157:H7 strains were exposed to seven different stress conditions acting as potential selective pressures affecting the transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to humans through the food chain. These stress conditions included cold, oxidative, osmotic, acid, heat, freeze-thaw, and starvation stresses. The genotypes used for comparison included lineage-specific polymorphism, Shiga-toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites, clade type, tir (A255T) polymorphism, Shiga toxin 2 subtype, and antiterminator Q gene allele. Bacterial resistance to different stressors was calculated by determining D-values (times required for inactivation of 90% of the bacterial population), which were then subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, a relative stress resistance value, integrating resistance values to all tested stressors, was calculated for each bacterial strain and allowed for a ranking-type classification of E. coli O157:H7 strains according to their environmental robustness. Lineage I/II strains were found to be significantly more resistant to acid, cold, and starvation stress than lineage II strains. Similarly, tir (255T) and clade 8 encoding strains were significantly more resistant to acid, heat, cold, and starvation stress than tir (255A) and non-clade 8 strains. Principal component analysis, which allows grouping of strains with similar stress survival characteristics, separated strains of lineage I and I/II from strains of lineage II, which in general showed reduced survival abilities. Results obtained suggest that lineage I/II, tir (255T), and clade 8 strains, which have been previously reported to be more frequently associated with human disease cases, have greater multiple stress resistance than strains of other genotypes. The results from this study provide a better insight into how selective pressures encountered through the food chain may play a role in the epidemiology of STEC O157:H7 through controlling the transmission of highly adapted strains to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhadidy
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University Mansoura, Egypt
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Yoo BK, Liu Y, Juneja V, Huang L, Hwang CA. Growth characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) stressed by chlorine, sodium chloride, acid, and starvation on lettuce and cantaloupe. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Multilocus genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 recovered from food sources. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:2367-72. [PMID: 25428257 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains (n = 33) recovered from different food sources in Egypt were characterized using molecular assays to identify strain genotypes associated with various levels of pathogenic potential. Genotypic characterization included: lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA-6), Shiga-toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion site assay (SBI), clade 8 typing, Tir (A255 T) polymorphism, and variant analysis of Shiga toxin 2 gene (Stx 2a and Stx 2c), and anti-terminator Q genes (Q 933 and Q 21). Genotypes LI/II (76%), SBI 1 (60·6%), clade 8 (69·7%), Tir (255 T) (72·7%) and Stx 2c (45·5%) were found to be significantly more frequent compared to other genetic markers in the strains analysed. Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between LPSA-6 and clade types as well as Tir (A255 T). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the characterization of these genetic markers in E. coli O157:H7 strains in the Middle East and Africa.
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Elhadidy M, Mohammed M. Interaction of Different Shiga Toxin–ProducingEscherichia coliSerotypes with Caco-2 Cells. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:874-80. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhadidy
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohammed
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Survival of Escherichia coli O26:H11 exceeds that of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as assessed by simulated human digestion of contaminated raw milk cheeses. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 172:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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