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Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Granados-Rivera LD. Growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) supplemented with essential oils: A meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 176:105353. [PMID: 38972293 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOS) on growth performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, intestinal morphology, and whole-body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through a meta-analytic approach. The search and collection of scientific articles were conducted using the PRISMA methodology, and 45 full-text scientific articles were obtained. The data used in the meta-analysis were extracted from these 45 documents. The effect size was assessed through weighted mean differences (WMD) using Der-Simonian and Laird random effects models. Dietary supplementation with EOS increased (P < 0.001) final weight, body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and survival but decreased (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio. In blood serum, EOS supplementation decreased (P < 0.001) the concentration of malondialdehyde and increased (P < 0.001) the concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, greater (P < 0.01) villus height, villus width, and number of goblet cells were observed in response to EOS supplementation. EOS supplementation increased (P < 0.01) crude protein content and decreased (P < 0.05) crude lipid content in the whole-body. In conclusion, essential oils can be used as a dietary additive to improve growth performance, antioxidant status in blood serum, and intestinal morphology in Nile tilapia. Likewise, supplementation with essential oils increases the protein content and decreases the fat content in the whole-body of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Felipe Orzuna-Orzuna
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo C.P. 56230, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Campo Experimental General Terán, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, General Terán C.P. 67400, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Bedane TD, Megersa B, Abunna F, Waktole H, Woldemariyam FT, Tekle M, Shimelis E, Gutema FD. Occurrence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of sorbitol non-fermenting Escherichia coli in lake water, fish and humans in central Oromia, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12461. [PMID: 38816376 PMCID: PMC11139919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Contaminated lake water and fish can be sources of bacterial pathogens of public health concern, including pathogenic E. coli. Within Ethiopia, specifically, Central Oromia, raw fish consumption is a common practice. Although there are few reports on occurrence of E. coli O157 in fish destined for human consumption and children under five years, information on the transmission pathways of E. coli O157 and other sorbitol non-fermenting (SN-F) E. coli from water-to-fish-to-human, and their virulence factors and antimicrobial resistant determinants along the fish supply chain is lacking. The study aimed to investigate the occurrence, molecular characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157 and other SN-F E. coli strains in fish, lake water and humans in central Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 750 samples (450 fish samples, 150 water samples, 150 human stool samples) were collected from five lakes and three health facilities. The samples were processed following the standard protocol recommended by European Food Safety Authority and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for detection of the bacteria, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, respectively. Molecular characterization of presumptive isolates was performed using Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) for serotyping, determination of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance traits, and genetic linkage of the isolates. Overall, 3.9% (29/750) of the samples had SN-F E. coli; of which 6.7% (n = 10), 1.8% (n = 8) and 7.3% (n = 11) were retrieved from water, fish, and diarrheic human patients, respectively. The WGS confirmed that all the isolates were SN-F non-O157: H7 E. coli strains. We reported two new E. coli strains with unknown O-antigen from fish and human samples. All the strains have multiple virulence factors and one or more genes encoding for them. Genetic relatedness was observed among strains from the same sources (water, fish, and humans). Most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), cefotaxime (100%), ceftazidime (100%), meropenem (100%), nalidixic acid (93.1%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (79.3%). Majority of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (58.6%) and ciprofloxacin (48.3%), while small fraction showed resistance to azithromycin (3.45%). Isolates had an overall MDR profile of 87.5%. Majority, (62.1%; n = 18) of the strains had acquired MDR traits. Genes encoding for mutational resistance and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were also detected. In conclusion, our study revealed the occurrence of virulent and MDR SN-F E. coli strains in water, fish, and humans. Although no genetic relatedness was observed among strains from various sources, the genomic clustering among strains from the same sources strongly suggests the potential risk of transmission along the supply chain at the human-fish-environment interface if strict hygienic fish production is not in place. Further robust genetic study of the new strains with unknown O-antigens, and the epidemiology of SN-F E. coli is required to elucidate the molecular profile and public health implications of the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye D Bedane
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia.
- Department of Veterinary Science, Salale University, P.O. Box 245, Fiche, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Bekele Megersa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Fufa Abunna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Hika Waktole
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Muluken Tekle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Shimelis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Fanta D Gutema
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
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Hinthong W, Thaotumpitak V, Sripradite J, Indrawattana N, Srisook T, Kongngoen T, R. Atwill E, Jeamsripong S. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence profile, and genetic analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Nile tilapia in fresh markets and supermarkets in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296857. [PMID: 38215169 PMCID: PMC10786378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Nile tilapia from fresh markets and supermarkets. A total of samples (n = 828) were collected from Nile tilapia including fish flesh (n = 276), liver and kidney (n = 276), and intestine (n = 276). Overall prevalence of fecal coliforms (61.6%) and E. coli (53.0%) were observed. High prevalence of E. coli was found in the intestine (71.4%), followed by the liver and kidney (45.7%). The highest prevalence of resistance was commonly found against tetracycline (78.5%), ampicillin (72.8%), and sulfamethoxazole (45.6%) with resistance to only tetracycline (15.2%) as the most common antibiogram. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (54.4%) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) (5.7%) were examined. The predominant virulence genes (n = 158) were st (14.6%), followed by eaeA (0.6%). The blaTEM (73.4%), tetA (65.2%), and qnrS (57.6%). There is statistical significance between Nile tilapia from fresh markets and supermarkets. Based on logistic regression analysis, ampicillin-resistant E. coli was statistically associated with the phenotypic resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim, and the presence of blaTEM and tetA (p < 0.05). Further investigation of AMR transference and their mechanisms is needed for AMR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarukorn Sripradite
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thassanee Srisook
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thida Kongngoen
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Soku YK, Mohamed A, Samuel T, Dessai U, Walls I, Rockwell C, Fortenberry G, Berutti T, Nieves-Miranda S, Nawrocki EM, Fu Y, Dudley E, Mamber SW, Hicks J. A Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Channel Catfish and Related Freshwater Fish Species. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100192. [PMID: 37949412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in 114 generic Escherichia coli isolated from channel catfish and related fish species were investigated in this study. Of these, 45 isolates were from commercial-sized channel catfish harvested from fishponds in Alabama, while 69 isolates were from Siluriformes products, accessed from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service' (FSIS) National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed using the GenomeTrakr protocol. Upon analysis, the fishpond isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (44%), meropenem (7%) and azithromycin (4%). The FSIS NARMS isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (31.9%), chloramphenicol (20.3%), sulfisoxazole (17.4%), ampicillin (5.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, azithromycin and cefoxitin below 5% each. There was no correlation between genotypic and phenotypic resistance in the fishpond isolates, however, there was in NARMS isolates for folate pathway antagonists: Sulfisoxazole vs. sul1 and sul2 (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. dfrA16 and sul1 (p = 0.0290 and p = 0.013, respectively). Furthermore, correlations were found for tetracyclines: Tetracycline vs. tet(A) and tet(B) (p < 0.0001 each), macrolides: Azithromycin vs. mph(E) and msr(E) (p = 0.0145 each), phenicols: Chloramphenicol vs. mdtM (p < 0.0001), quinolones: Nalidixic acid vs. gyrA_S83L=POINT (p = 0.0004), and β-lactams: Ampicillin vs. blaTEM-1 (p < 0.0001). Overall, we recorded differences in antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles, phenotypic-genotypic concordance, and resistance to critically important antimicrobials, which may be a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesutor K Soku
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Mohamed
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA.
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Uday Dessai
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Isabel Walls
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine Rockwell
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gamola Fortenberry
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tracy Berutti
- Eastern Laboratory, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sharon Nieves-Miranda
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Nawrocki
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yezhi Fu
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Edward Dudley
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen W Mamber
- Office of Planning, Analysis and Risk Management, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Office of Policy and Program Development, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA
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Aracati MF, Rodrigues LF, de Oliveira SL, Rodrigues RA, Conde G, Cavalcanti ENF, Borba H, Charlie-Silva I, Fernandes DC, Eto SF, de Andrade Belo MA. Astaxanthin improves the shelf-life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4287-4295. [PMID: 35038166 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin, classified as a xanthophyll, has antioxidant properties about 500 times greater than α-tocopherols and ten times greater than β-carotenes. Based on the antioxidant activity of this carotenoid, this study aimed to evaluate the shelf-life of tilapia fillets (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with astaxanthin, by determining the microbiological quality (colimetry, counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms), physicochemical analyses (colorimetry, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and sensory analysis. RESULTS Tilapia supplemented with astaxanthin presented a reduction in the counts of microorganisms (mesophiles and psychrotrophics) and lower lipid oxidation index (TBARS), when compared to fillets of control fish. Colorimetric changes of fillet degradation were observed, associated with increased pH during storage, as well as loss of brightness and texture in addition to worsening of appearance and odor. These deteriorating changes were minimized using astaxanthin. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the beneficial performance of astaxanthin in the shelf-life of tilapia fillets stored under refrigeration. Therefore, dietary supplementation with astaxanthin (100 and 200 mg kg-1 of feed) improves the microbiological and physicochemical quality of tilapia fillets during 50 days of shelf-life. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Fernanda Aracati
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Romário Alves Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Conde
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Hirasilva Borba
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo-ICB/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences-PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brazil University (UB), Descalvado, Brazil
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6
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Loest D, Uhland FC, Young KM, Li XZ, Mulvey MR, Reid-Smith R, Sherk LM, Carson CA. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from shrimp and salmon available for purchase by consumers in Canada: a risk profile using the Codex framework. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e148. [PMID: 35968840 PMCID: PMC9386791 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to carbapenems in human pathogens is a growing clinical and public health concern. The carbapenems are in an antimicrobial class considered last-resort, they are used to treat human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, and they are classified by the World Health Organization as 'High Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials'. The presence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) of animal-origin is of concern because targeted studies of Canadian retail seafood revealed the presence of carbapenem resistance in a small number of Enterobacterales isolates. To further investigate this issue, a risk profile was developed examining shrimp and salmon, the two most important seafood commodities consumed by Canadians and Escherichia coli, a member of the Enterobacterales order. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREc) isolates have been identified in shrimp and other seafood products. Although carbapenem use in aquaculture has not been reported, several classes of antimicrobials are utilised globally and co-selection of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in an aquaculture setting is also of concern. CREs have been identified in retail seafood purchased in Canada and are currently thought to be uncommon. However, data concerning CRE or CREc occurrence and distribution in seafood are limited, and argue for implementation of ongoing or periodic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daleen Loest
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. Carl Uhland
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlin M. Young
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xian-Zhi Li
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R. Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Reid-Smith
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren M. Sherk
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolee A. Carson
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Corbalán N, Quiroga M, Masias E, Peralta D, Barros Velázquez J, Acuña L, Vincent P. Antimicrobial activity of MccJ25(G12Y) against gram-negative foodborne pathogens in vitro and in food models. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 352:109267. [PMID: 34102464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of bacteriocins is a promising alternative to improve food security through the biocontrol of food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Gram-negative produced microcin J25(G12Y), known as (MccJ25(G12Y)) is a variant of the well-studied and characterized antimicrobial peptide, microcin J25 (MccJ25). In the present work, we explored the activity of this microcin against Gram-negative bacteria linked to foodborne diseases. We evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of MccJ25(G12Y) in solid medium against a collection of pathogenic and food-altering strains and studied its activity and stability in meat and dairy food systems. We show that MccJ25(G12Y) exhibited the same in vitro antimicrobial spectrum as its parental microcin (MccJ25) against different Gram-negative foodborne pathogens and spoilage strains. We highlight that low concentrations of MccJ25(G12Y) between 0.45 and 29.4 μM were able to inhibit a substantial number of pathogens, including Salmonella, Escherichia, Shigella and Enterobacter genus. We also demonstrate the antimicrobial effectiveness of the peptide against Escherichia coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900, Enterobacter cloacae CECT 194, and Salmonella enterica CECT 4396 in fish and beef burgers and yogurt. MccJ25(G12Y) was added or not to food matrices inoculated with the foodborne pathogens at 105 CFU/g or mL. Afterward, food products were stored at 4 °C and selective media for the specific enumeration were used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of each pathogen to MccJ25(G12Y). The viability of the three pathogens was significantly reduced in the different food biological environments. In yogurt, the peptide decreased E. coli numbers on day 5 by about 4 log 10 CFU/mL as compared to non-treated samples. For S. enterica and E. cloacae no viable cells were detected at the end of the treatment. Adding MccJ25(G12Y) to fish burgers decreased E. cloacae numbers during storage 2 log10 CFU/g on the first day, reaching a difference of about 5 log 10 CFU/g after 10 days compared to non-treated control. Finally, the peptide decreased E. coli O157:H7 numbers on the beef burgers samples during storage on day 10 by about 3 log 10 CFU/g as compared to non-treated samples. The stability analysis demonstrated that MccJ25(G12Y) is capable of remaining active in these food matrices for a considerable time during the storage at refrigeration temperatures. These results reinforce the studies on the potential applicability of this microcin as a biopreservative in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Corbalán
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica, "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - María Quiroga
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica, "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emilse Masias
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica, "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daiana Peralta
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica, "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jorge Barros Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Leonardo Acuña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta A4408FVY, Argentina.
| | - Paula Vincent
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica, "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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8
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Sánchez F, Fuenzalida V, Ramos R, Escobar B, Neira V, Borie C, Lapierre L, López P, Venegas L, Dettleff P, Johnson T, Fuentes-Castillo D, Lincopan N, Galarce N. Genomic features and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from food in Chile. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:226-238. [PMID: 33619864 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe illness in humans, often associated with foodborne outbreaks. Antimicrobial resistance among foodborne E. coli has increased over the last decades becoming a public health issue. In this study, the presence and features of STEC were investigated in samples of meat, seafood, vegetables and ready-to-eat street-vended food collected in Chile, using a genomic and microbiological approach. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined, and serotype, phylogroup, sequence type (ST) and phylogenomics were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Three thousand three hundred samples collected in 2019 were screened, of which 18 were positive for STEC strains (0.5%), with stx2a (61.1%) being the predominant stx subtype. The presence of the virulence genes lpfA (100%), iha and ehaA (94.4%), and ehxA, hlyA and saa (83.3%) was confirmed among the STEC strains; the Locus of adhesion and autoaggregation (LAA) was predicted in 14 (77.8%) strains. Strains displayed resistance to colistin (100%), and intermediate resistance to enrofloxacin (11.1%) and chloramphenicol (5.6%). In this regard, mutations in the two-component regulatory system genes pmrA (S29G), pmrB (D283G) and phoP (I44L), and the presence of the qnrB19 gene were confirmed. STEC strains belonged to ST11231 (38.9%), ST297 and ST58 (16.7% each), and ST1635, ST11232, ST446, ST442 and ST54 (5.6% each), and the most frequently detected serotypes were O113:H21 (44.4%), O130:H11 and O116:H21 (16.7% each), and O174:H21 (11.1%). Strains belonging to the international ST58 showed genomic relatedness with worldwide strains from human and non-human sources. Our study reports for the first time the genomic profile of STEC strains isolated from food in Chile, highlighting the presence of international clones and sequence types commonly associated with human infections in different geographical regions, as well as the convergence of virulence and resistance in STEC lineages circulating in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Fuenzalida
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Neira
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Consuelo Borie
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina López
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Venegas
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Phillip Dettleff
- Laboratorio FAVET-INBIOGEN, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MI, USA
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Patología, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Onmaz NE, Yildirim Y, Karadal F, Hizlisoy H, Al S, Gungor C, Disli HB, Barel M, Dishan A, Akai Tegin RA, Simsek E. Escherichia coli O157 in fish: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation capacity, and molecular characterization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Arason S, Bekaert K, García MR, Georgiadis M, Messens W, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Bover‐Cid S. The use of the so-called 'tubs' for transporting and storing fresh fishery products. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06091. [PMID: 32874299 PMCID: PMC7448070 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
On-land transport/storage of fresh fishery products (FFP) for up to 3 days in 'tubs' of three-layered poly-ethylene filled with freshwater and ice was compared to the currently authorised practice (fish boxes of high-density poly-ethylene filled with ice). The impact on the survival and growth of biological hazards in fish and the histamine production in fish species associated with a high amount of histidine was assessed. In different modelling scenarios, the FFP are stored on-board in freshwater or seawater/ice (in tubs) and once on-land they are 'handled' (i.e. sorted or gutted and/or filleted) and transferred to either tubs or boxes. The temperature of the FFP was assumed to be the most influential factor affecting relevant hazards. Under reasonably foreseeable 'abusive' scenarios and using a conservative modelling approach, the growth of the relevant hazards (i.e. Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas spp. and non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum), is expected to be < 0.2 log10 units higher in tubs than in boxes after 3 days when the initial temperature of the fish is 0°C ('keeping' process). Starting at 7°C ('cooling-keeping' process), the expected difference in the growth potential is higher (< 1 log10 for A. hydrophila and < 0.5 log10 for the other two hazards) due to the poorer cooling capacity of water and ice (tub) compared with ice (box). The survival of relevant hazards is not or is negligibly impacted. Histamine formation due to growth of Morganella psychrotolerans under the 'keeping' or 'cooling-keeping' process can be up to 0.4 ppm and 1.5 ppm higher, respectively, in tubs as compared to boxes after 3 days, without reaching the legal limit of 100 ppm. The water uptake associated with the storage of the FFP in tubs (which may be up to 6%) does not make a relevant contribution to the differences in microbial growth potential compared to boxes.
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11
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Assefa A, Regassa F, Ayana D, Amenu K, Abunna F. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from harvested fish at Lake Hayq and Tekeze dam, Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02996. [PMID: 31890955 PMCID: PMC6926222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisheries play a significant role in food security, livelihood, and source of income in developing countries. Although fish are a healthy source of protein, they can also spread diseases caused by pathogenic micro-organisms they may harbor. Epidemiology of foodborne pathogens is not well studied in Ethiopia. To address this issue to some extent, a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling approach was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018 with the objectives of to isolate and estimate the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in fish, and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates in selected Lakes of Northern Ethiopia. All the microbial identification and isolation procedures were conducted based on ISO 6887-3:2017 recommendations. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was also performed following the standard procedure of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion protocol. From the total 410 fish samples examined, six (1.46%) of them were found contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7 strain. The organism was isolated from landing sites (5/293) and local retail markets (1/75). Besides, Escherichia coli O157: H7 was isolated from filleted fish (5/214) and whole fish (1/125); however, it was not isolated from samples of ready to eat fish and working environments of restaurants. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and Streptomycin disks. However, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Nalidixic acid were found effective in inhibiting the growth of all of the isolates. Since pathogenic Escherichia coli strain was detected from fish, raw and undercooked fish consumption in Ethiopia may result in contracting infections. The occurrence of such pathogenic organisms in fish indicates the need for intervention by stakeholders. Supports like freezers, generators, the establishment of fish processing plants and on job training about proper fish handling practices may play a tremendous role in decreasing the level of contamination of fish in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Assefa
- Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center P.O. Box 62, Sekota, Ethiopia
| | - Fikru Regassa
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Dinka Ayana
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Fufa Abunna
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Department of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
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12
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G M Gonzalez A, M F Cerqueira A. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the animal reservoir and food in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1568-1582. [PMID: 31650661 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathotype associated with human gastrointestinal disease that may progress to severe complications. Ruminants, especially cattle, are the main reservoirs of STEC contaminating the environment and foods of animal or vegetable origin. Besides Shiga toxin, other virulence factors are involved in STEC virulence. O157:H7 remains the most frequent serotype associated with disease. In Brazil, the prevalence of STEC reaches values as high as 90% in cattle and 20% in meat products which may impact the Brazilian food export trade. However, only few reports are related to human disease. The stx1 gene prevails in cattle, whereas the stx2 gene is more frequent in food. Several STEC serotypes have been isolated from cattle and food in Brazil, including the O157:H7, O111:NT, NT:H19 as well as O26 and O103 serogroups. O113: H21 STEC strains are frequent in ruminants and foods but with no report in human disease. The virulence profile of Brazilian STEC strains from cattle and food suggests a pathogenic potential to humans, although some differences with clinical strains have been detected. Further studies, employing recent and more discriminative techniques are in need to better clarify their virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G M Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bromatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Aloysio M F Cerqueira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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13
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Silva MA, Santos ARR, Rocha LB, Caetano BA, Mitsunari T, Santos LI, Polatto JM, Horton DSPQ, Guth BEC, Dos Santos LF, Piazza RMF. Development and Validation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Immunodiagnostic Assay. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E276. [PMID: 31438570 PMCID: PMC6780578 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and its subgroup enterohemorrhagic E. coli are important pathogens involved in diarrhea, which may be complicated by hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, the leading cause of acute renal failure in children. Early diagnosis is essential for clinical management, as an antibiotic treatment in STEC infections is not recommended. Previously obtained antibodies against Stx1 and Stx2 toxins were employed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the latex Agglutination test (LAT), lateral flow assay (LFA), and capture ELISA (cEIA) for STEC detection. The LAT (mAb Stx1 plus mAb stx2) showed 99% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Individually, Stx1 antibodies showed 95.5% and 94% sensitivity and a specificity of 97% and 99% in the cEIA and LFA assay, respectively. Stx2 antibodies showed a sensitivity of 92% in both assays and a specificity of 100% and 98% in the cEIA and LFA assay, respectively. These results allow us to conclude that we have robust tools for the diagnosis of STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | | | - Leticia B Rocha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Bruna A Caetano
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Thais Mitsunari
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Luanda I Santos
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Juliana M Polatto
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Denise S P Q Horton
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil
| | - Beatriz E C Guth
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brasil
| | | | - Roxane M F Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brasil.
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14
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Castro VS, Figueiredo EEDS, Stanford K, McAllister T, Conte-Junior CA. Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia Coli in Brazil: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E137. [PMID: 31100803 PMCID: PMC6560443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) can cause serious illnesses, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is the first systematic review of STEC in Brazil, and will report the main serogroups detected in animals, food products and foodborne diseases. Data were obtained from online databases accessed in January 2019. Papers were selected from each database using the Mesh term entries. Although no human disease outbreaks in Brazil related to STEC has been reported, the presence of several serogroups such as O157 and O111 has been verified in animals, food, and humans. Moreover, other serogroups monitored by international federal agencies and involved in outbreak cases worldwide were detected, and other unusual strains were involved in some isolated individual cases of foodborne disease, such as serotype O118:H16 and serogroup O165. The epidemiological data presented herein indicates the presence of several pathogenic serogroups, including O157:H7, O26, O103, and O111, which have been linked to disease outbreaks worldwide. As available data are concentrated in the Sao Paulo state and almost completely lacking in outlying regions, epidemiological monitoring in Brazil for STEC needs to be expanded and food safety standards for this pathogen should be aligned to that of the food safety standards of international bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Silva Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Agronomy and Animal Science College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Nutrition College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
- Agronomy and Animal Science College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Nutrition College, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá-Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Tim McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Shigatoxigenic and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in fish for human consumption. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:936-941. [PMID: 29891415 PMCID: PMC6175746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with virulence and multidrug resistance profile were isolated from Nile tilapia. This study finding is of great importance to public health because they help understand this pathogen epidemiology in fish and demonstrate how these animals can transmit E. coli related diseases to humans.
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16
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Gomes TAT, Elias WP, Scaletsky ICA, Guth BEC, Rodrigues JF, Piazza RMF, Ferreira LCS, Martinez MB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:3-30. [PMID: 27866935 PMCID: PMC5156508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Escherichia coli strains live harmlessly in the intestines and rarely cause disease in healthy individuals. Nonetheless, a number of pathogenic strains can cause diarrhea or extraintestinal diseases both in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Diarrheal illnesses are a severe public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children, especially in developing countries. E. coli strains that cause diarrhea have evolved by acquiring, through horizontal gene transfer, a particular set of characteristics that have successfully persisted in the host. According to the group of virulence determinants acquired, specific combinations were formed determining the currently known E. coli pathotypes, which are collectively known as diarrheagenic E. coli. In this review, we have gathered information on current definitions, serotypes, lineages, virulence mechanisms, epidemiology, and diagnosis of the major diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia A T Gomes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Waldir P Elias
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Bacterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel C A Scaletsky
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E C Guth
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roxane M F Piazza
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Bacterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís C S Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina B Martinez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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