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Arellano-García L, Macarulla MT, Cuevas-Sierra A, Martínez JA, Portillo MP, Milton-Laskibar I. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG administration partially prevents diet-induced insulin resistance in rats: a comparison with its heat-inactivated parabiotic. Food Funct 2023; 14:8865-8875. [PMID: 37698059 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are obesity-related health alterations, featuring an ever-increasing prevalence. Besides inadequate feeding patterns, gut microbiota alterations stand out as potential contributors to these metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the administration of a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) effectively prevents diet-induced insulin resistance in rats and to compare these potential effects with those exerted by its heat-inactivated parabiotic. For this purpose, 34 male Wistar rats were fed a standard or a high-fat high-fructose diet, alone or supplemented with viable or heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The body and white adipose tissue weight increases, induced by the obesogenic diet, were prevented by probiotic and parabiotic administration. The trend towards higher basal glucose levels and significantly higher serum insulin concentration observed in the non-treated animals fed with the obesogenic diet were effectively reverted by both treatments. Similar results were also found for serum adiponectin and leptin, whose levels were brought back by the probiotic and parabiotic administration to values similar to those of the control animals. Noteworthily, parabiotic administration significantly reduced skeletal muscle triglyceride content and activated CPT-1b compared to the non-treated animals. Finally, both treatments enhanced Akt and AS160 phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle compared to the non-treated animals; however, only parabiotic administration increased GLUT-4 protein expression in this tissue. These results suggest that heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG seem to be more effective than its probiotic of origin in preventing high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arellano-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - I Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Aprea G, Del Matto I, Tucci P, Marino L, Scattolini S, Rossi F. In Vivo Functional Properties of Dairy Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1787. [PMID: 37512959 PMCID: PMC10385490 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This literature review aimed to collect investigations on the in vivo evidence for bacteria associated with fermented dairy foods to behave as probiotics with beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. All main bacterial groups commonly present in high numbers in fermented milks or cheeses were taken into account, namely starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and lactis, L. helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, non-starter LAB (NSLAB) Lacticaseibacillus spp., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, dairy propionibacteria, and other less frequently encountered species. Only studies regarding strains of proven dairy origin were considered. Studies in animal models and clinical studies showed that dairy bacteria ameliorate symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mucositis, metabolic syndrome, aging and oxidative stress, cancer, bone diseases, atopic dermatitis, allergies, infections and damage caused by pollutants, mild stress, and depression. Immunomodulation and changes in the intestinal microbiota were the mechanisms most often involved in the observed effects. The results of the studies considered indicated that milk and dairy products are a rich source of beneficial bacteria that should be further exploited to the advantage of human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Aprea
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Del Matto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Tucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lucio Marino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Silvia Scattolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Franca Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Zhong Y, Wang T, Luo R, Liu J, Jin R, Peng X. Recent advances and potentiality of postbiotics in the food industry: Composition, inactivation methods, current applications in metabolic syndrome, and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5768-5792. [PMID: 36537328 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics are defined as "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Postbiotics have unique advantages over probiotics, such as stability, safety, and wide application. Although postbiotics are research hotspots, the research on them is still very limited. This review provides comprehensive information on the scope of postbiotics, the preparation methods of inanimate microorganisms, and the application and mechanisms of postbiotics in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, the application trends of postbiotics in the food industry are reviewed. It was found that postbiotics mainly include inactivated microorganisms, microbial lysates, cell components, and metabolites. Thermal treatments are the main methods to prepare inanimate microorganisms as postbiotics, while non-thermal treatments, such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, ultrasound, and supercritical CO2, show great potential in postbiotic preparation. Postbiotics could ameliorate MetS through multiple pathways including the modulation of gut microbiota, the enhancement of intestinal barrier, the regulation of inflammation and immunity, and the modulation of hormone homeostasis. Additionally, postbiotics have great potential in the food industry as functional food supplements, food quality improvers, and food preservatives. In addition, the SWOT analyses showed that the development of postbiotics in the food industry exists both opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruyi Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Liu ZS, Li PL, Ku YW, Chen PW. Oral Administration of Recombinant Lactoferrin-Expressing Probiotics Ameliorates Diet-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2215. [PMID: 36363807 PMCID: PMC9694622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed probiotics that can express bovine, human, or porcine lactoferrin (LF), and the present study evaluated the effect of these probiotics in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Three kinds of probiotic supplements, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), LAB/LF, and inactivated LAB/LF, were prepared. The LAB supplement was prepared from 10 viable LAB without recombinant LF-expression, the LAB/LF supplement was prepared from 10 viable probiotics expressing LF, and the inactivated LAB/LF supplement was prepared from 10 inactivated probiotics expressing LF. A model of obese/NAFLD mice induced by a high-fat diet was established, and the mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a placebo, LAB, LAB/LF, or inactivated LAB daily for four weeks via oral gavage. The body weight, food intake, organ weight, biochemistry, and hepatic histopathological alterations and severity scoring were measured. The results revealed that the obese mice fed with any one of the three probiotic mixtures prepared from recombinant probiotics for four weeks exhibited considerably improved hepatic steatosis. These findings confirmed the assumption that specific probiotic strains or LF supplements could help to control NAFLD, as suggested in previous reports. Our data also suggest that the probiotics and LFs in probiotic mixtures contribute differently to improving the efficacy against NAFLD, and the expressed LF content in probiotics may help to boost their efficacy in comparison with the original probiotic mixtures. Moreover, when these LF-expressing probiotics were further inactivated by sonication, they displayed better efficacies than the viable probiotics against NAFLD. This study has provided intriguing data supporting the potential of recombinant probiotics in improving hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
| | - Yu-We Ku
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
- Animal and Plant Disease Control Center Yilan County, Wujie Township, Yilan County 268015, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
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Niu W, Chen Y, Wang L, Li J, Cui Z, Lv J, Yang F, Huo J, Zhang Z, Ju J. The combination of sodium alginate and chlorogenic acid enhances the therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis by the regulation of inflammation and the intestinal flora. Food Funct 2022; 13:10710-10723. [PMID: 36173280 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CA) and sodium alginate (SA) each have good therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CA alone and in combination with SA on inflammatory cells and UC mice. In the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cell model, Nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower after treatment with CA plus SA than with CA alone. In the DSS-induced UC mouse model, compared with CA alone, CA plus SA showed a better ability to alleviate weight loss, reduce the disease activity index (DAI), improve the colonic mucosa, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in colonic tissue, increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, protect the intestinal mucosa and regulate the abundance of Actinobacteriota, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Subdoligranulum and Streptococcus. Thus, CA plus SA can improve the therapeutic efficacy of CA in UC by regulating inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and the intestinal flora and by protecting ulcerative wounds. These findings broaden our understanding of the role of the combination of SA and CA in enhancing the effects of CA on UC and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Niu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajie Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyan Yang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiege Huo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Jin J, Wang J, Cheng R, Ren Y, Miao Z, Luo Y, Zhou Q, Xue Y, Shen X, He F, Tian H. Orlistat and ezetimibe could differently alleviate the high-fat diet-induced obesity phenotype by modulating the gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908327. [PMID: 36046024 PMCID: PMC9421266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possible anti-obesity effects of orlistat and ezetimibe and determine the mechanism by which they alter the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Eighty male, specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice aged 3 weeks were divided into four groups (n = 20). The NCD group was fed with a normal diet, and the HFD, HFD+ORL, and HFD+EZE groups were fed with HFD for 20 weeks. From the 13th week onward, the HFD+ORL and HFD+EZE groups were administered with orlistat and ezetimibe, respectively. The glucose and lipid metabolism of the tested mice were evaluated by analyzing blood biochemical indicators during the intervention. Furthermore, the changes in the structure of the fecal microbiota and the fecal SCFA content were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. HFD induced the obesity phenotype in mice. Compared to the HFD group, the body weight, visceral fat-to-body weight ratio, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of the HFD+ORL group significantly decreased, whereas fecal butyric acid levels significantly increased. Ezetimibe intervention significantly reduced the OGTT, serum TC, and HDL-C levels only. The α-diversity of the gut microbiota significantly decreased after intervention with orlistat and ezetimibe. Orlistat altered the relative abundance of some bacteria in the fecal microbiota. The populations of Firmicutes, Alistipes, and Desulfovibrio decreased, whereas those of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia significantly increased. Ezetimibe caused changes only in some low-abundance bacteria, as manifested by a decrease in Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio, and an increase in Bacteroides. The administration of orlistat and ezetimibe can characteristically influence the body weight and serum lipid metabolism, and glucolipid levels in diet-induced obese mice and is accompanied by significant changes in the gut microbiota and SCFAs. These results suggest that the two drugs might exert their own specific anti-obesity effects by modulating the gut microbiota in a different manner. The enhanced health-promoting effect of orlistat might result from its stronger ability to alter the gut microbiota and SCFAs, at least partly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhonghua Miao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yating Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yigui Xue
- Frontier Medical Service Training Battalion of Army Military Medical University, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang He
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Haoming Tian
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Khan F, Jeong GJ, Khan MSA, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Seaweed-Derived Phlorotannins: A Review of Multiple Biological Roles and Action Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:384. [PMID: 35736187 PMCID: PMC9227776 DOI: 10.3390/md20060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a group of phenolic secondary metabolites isolated from a variety of brown algal species belonging to the Fucaceae, Sargassaceae, and Alariaceae families. The isolation of phlorotannins from various algal species has received a lot of interest owing to the fact that they have a range of biological features and are very biocompatible in their applications. Phlorotannins have a wide range of therapeutic biological actions, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenesis, and numerous other biomedical applications. The current review has extensively addressed the application of phlorotannins, which have been extensively investigated for the above-mentioned biological action and the underlying mechanism of action. Furthermore, the current review offers many ways to use phlorotannins to avoid certain downsides, such as low stability. This review article will assist the scientific community in investigating the greater biological significance of phlorotannins and developing innovative techniques for treating both infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8-based paraprobiotics prevents obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses in high fat diet-fed mice. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Shao MM, Shi M, Du J, Pei XB, Gu BB, Yi FS. Metabolic Landscape of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Coronavirus Disease 2019 at Single Cell Resolution. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829760. [PMID: 35350779 PMCID: PMC8957829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal function of immune cells is one of the key mechanisms leading to severe clinical symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and metabolic pathways can destroy the function of the immune system by affecting innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the metabolic characteristics of the immune cells of the SARS-CoV-2 infected organs in situ remaining elusive. We reanalyzed the metabolic-related gene profiles in single-cell RNA sequencing data, drew the metabolic landscape in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immune cells, and elucidated the metabolic remodeling mechanism that might lead to the progression of COVID-19 and the cytokine storm. Enhanced glycolysis is the most important common metabolic feature of all immune cells in COVID-19 patients. CCL2+ T cells, Group 2 macrophages with high SPP1 expression and myeloid dendritic cells are among the main contributors to the cytokine storm produced by infected lung tissue. Two metabolic analysis methods, including Compass, showed that glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid synthesis and purine and pyrimidine metabolism levels of CCL2+ T cells, Group 2 macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells were upregulated and correlated with cytokine storms of COVID-19 patients. This might be the key metabolic regulatory factor for immune cells to produce large quantities of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meier Shi
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Bin Pei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Usefulness of Probiotics in the Management of NAFLD: Evidence and Involved Mechanisms of Action from Preclinical and Human Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063167. [PMID: 35328587 PMCID: PMC8950320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims at analyzing the current evidence regarding probiotic administration for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. Additionally, the involved mechanisms of action modulated by probiotic administration, as well as the eventual limitations of this therapeutic approach and potential alternatives, are discussed. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of single-strain probiotics and probiotic mixtures effectively prevents diet-induced NAFLD. In both cases, the magnitude of the described effects, as well as the involved mechanisms of action, are comparable, including reduced liver lipid accumulation (due to lipogenesis downregulation and fatty acid oxidation upregulation), recovery of gut microbiota composition and enhanced intestinal integrity. Similar results have also been reported in clinical trials, where the administration of probiotics proved to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD in patients featuring this liver condition. In this case, information regarding the mechanisms of action underlying probiotics-mediated hepatoprotective effects is scarcer (mainly due to the difficulty of liver sample collection). Since probiotics administration represents an increased risk of infection in vulnerable subjects, much attention has been paid to parabiotics and postbiotics, which seem to be effective in the management of several metabolic diseases, and thus represent a suitable alternative to probiotic usage.
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Lactobacillus plantarum K8-based paraprobiotics suppress lipid accumulation during adipogenesis by the regulation of JAK/STAT and AMPK signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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López-Moreno A, Acuña I, Torres-Sánchez A, Ruiz-Moreno Á, Cerk K, Rivas A, Suárez A, Monteoliva-Sánchez M, Aguilera M. Next Generation Probiotics for Neutralizing Obesogenic Effects: Taxa Culturing Searching Strategies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34065873 PMCID: PMC8151043 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of diet, lifestyle, and the exposure to food obesogens categorized into "microbiota disrupting chemicals" (MDC) could determine obesogenic-related dysbiosis and modify the microbiota diversity that impacts on individual health-disease balances, inducing altered pathogenesis phenotypes. Specific, complementary, and combined treatments are needed to face these altered microbial patterns and the specific misbalances triggered. In this sense, searching for next-generation beneficial microbes or next-generation probiotics (NGP) by microbiota culturing, and focusing on their demonstrated, extensive scope and well-defined functions could contribute to counteracting and repairing the effects of obesogens. Therefore, this review presents a perspective through compiling information and key strategies for directed searching and culturing of NGP that could be administered for obesity and endocrine-related dysbiosis by (i) observing the differential abundance of specific microbiota taxa in obesity-related patients and analyzing their functional roles, (ii) developing microbiota-directed strategies for culturing these taxa groups, and (iii) applying the successful compiled criteria from recent NGP clinical studies. New isolated or cultivable microorganisms from healthy gut microbiota specifically related to obesogens' neutralization effects might be used as an NGP single strain or in consortia, both presenting functions and the ability to palliate metabolic-related disorders. Identification of holistic approaches for searching and using potential NGP, key aspects, the bias, gaps, and proposals of solutions are also considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Inmaculada Acuña
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Klara Cerk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Ana Rivas
- IBS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Monteoliva-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (K.C.); (M.M.-S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.A.); (A.S.)
- IBS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, 18012 Granada, Spain;
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