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Iannotti L, Kleban E, Fracassi P, Oenema S, Lutter C. Evidence for Policies and Practices to Address Global Food Insecurity. Annu Rev Public Health 2024; 45:375-400. [PMID: 38166503 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-060922-041451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Food insecurity affects an estimated 691-783 million people globally and is disproportionately high in Africa and Asia. It arises from poverty, armed conflict, and climate change, among other demographic and globalization forces. This review summarizes evidence for policies and practices across five elements of the agrifood system framework and identifies gaps that inform an agenda for future research. Under availability, imbalanced agriculture policies protect primarily staple food producers, and there is limited evidence on food security impacts for smallholder and women food producers. Evidence supports the use of cash transfers and food aid for affordability and school feeding for multiple benefits. Food-based dietary guidelines can improve the nutritional quality of dietary patterns, yet they may not reflect the latest evidence or food supplies. Evidence from the newer food environment elements, promotion and sustainability, while relatively minimal, provides insight into achieving long-term impacts. To eliminate hunger, our global community should embrace integrated approaches and bring evidence-based policies and practices to scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Iannotti
- E3 Nutrition Lab, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Eliza Kleban
- E3 Nutrition Lab, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Patrizia Fracassi
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Stineke Oenema
- UN-Nutrition Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Chessa Lutter
- Division of Food Security and Agriculture, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA
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Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Cade J, Ford J, Greenwood DC, Carcamo C, Silvera-Ccallo R, Fernandez-Neyra C, Lancha-Rucoba G, Pizango-Tangoa M, Pizango-Inuma R, Chanchari-Huiñapi J, Velez-Quevedo J, Inuma-Tangoa N, Antazu T, Miranda-Cuadros M, Aparco JP, Aro-Guardia P, Verastegui M, Morales-Ancajima V, Bressan T, Miranda JJ. Does food biodiversity protect against malnutrition and favour the resilience to climate change-related events in Amazon Indigenous communities? A protocol for a mixed methods study. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:246. [PMID: 38463717 PMCID: PMC10924752 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18235.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background : Undernutrition is projected to be a major consequence of climate change. Biodiversity could enhance climate change resilience by improving nutritional outcomes and providing healthy food resources during and/or after climate-related events. For Indigenous populations who currently base their diet on local biodiversity, rapid climate changes may affect their ability to produce, access or gather food and consequently impact their nutritional status. There is a knowledge gap regarding whether nutritional status among Indigenous populations is better among those who consume a diet with greater biodiversity than those who have a diet with low biodiversity. Objective : This study aims to investigate the role of food biodiversity (FBD) in nutritional resilience to extreme flooding events of Shawi Amazon Indigenous adults living in Peruvian communities that have experienced extreme floods in the past five years. Methods : This study will use a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. The quantitative component includes a cross-sectional survey to assess the association between food biodiversity (FBD) and the prevalence of anaemia in adults aged 15 to 60 years old (n=365). Anaemia will be evaluated using blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin. FBD will be measured with a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall. Soil-transmitted helminth infections, malaria, and inflammatory biomarkers will also be evaluated. The qualitative component will include a community-based participatory approach to investigate the role of FBD in the responses to extreme floods. Male (n=14) and female (n=14) participants, previously identified in the quantitative phase with high and low levels of FBD, will be invited to participate in a Photovoice activity and semi-structured interviews. A analytical framework for climate change resilience will be used to integrate the data. Discussion : Findings will be integrated to identify nutritional resilience indicators that can inform adaptative interventions to changing climatic conditions in the Amazon and that respect Indigenous worldviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo
- Unidad de Ciudadanía Intercultural y Salud Indígena, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración,, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Janet Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS 2 9JT, UK
| | - James Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS 2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Cesar Carcamo
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Rosa Silvera-Ccallo
- Unidad de Ciudadanía Intercultural y Salud Indígena, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración,, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Velez-Quevedo
- Taller Verde, Caserio San Luis s/n , Carretera Munichis, San Rafael, Yurimaguas, Peru
| | - Nerita Inuma-Tangoa
- Comunidad de Palmiche, Pueblo Indígena Shawi, cuenca del río Sillay, Loreto, Peru
| | - Teresita Antazu
- Programa Mujer, Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana (AIDESEP), La Victoria, Lima, 15034, Peru
| | - Marianella Miranda-Cuadros
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Jesús María, Lima, 15072, Peru
| | - Juan Pablo Aparco
- Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Jesús María, Lima, 15072, Peru
| | - Pedro Aro-Guardia
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Banco de Sangre, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory of the LID, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Valeria Morales-Ancajima
- Unidad de Ciudadanía Intercultural y Salud Indígena, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración,, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Tiana Bressan
- Department of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Miraflores, Lima, 15074, Peru
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Frederick C, Girard C, Wong G, Lemire M, Langwieder A, Martin MC, Legagneux P. Communicating with Northerners on the absence of SARS-CoV-2 in migratory snow geese. ECOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1885803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Frederick
- Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Chaire de recherche Sentinelle Nord sur le réseau de surveillance des virus chez les oiseaux migrateurs du Grand Nord, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Catherine Girard
- Centre d’études nordiques et Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay (Québec), Canada
| | - Gary Wong
- Chaire de recherche Sentinelle Nord sur le réseau de surveillance des virus chez les oiseaux migrateurs du Grand Nord, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Chaire de recherche Littoral en partenariat Sentinelle Nord en approches écosystémiques de la santé, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | | | - Marie-Claude Martin
- Chaire de recherche Sentinelle Nord sur l’impact des migrations animales sur les écosystèmes nordiques, Département de biologie, Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Chaire de recherche Sentinelle Nord sur l’impact des migrations animales sur les écosystèmes nordiques, Département de biologie, Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers en Bois, France
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Olmedo SI, Román MD, Berra S, Valeggia CR. Food Intake and the Significance of Feeding in Qom Children of Northern Argentina. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa158. [PMID: 33215054 PMCID: PMC7658633 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the ubiquitous nutritional transition indigenous are experiencing, the typical diet of most indigenous communities is being substituted by one with high-fat and high-energy-density foods. Domestic feeding transmits cultural factors through meaning and symbolism influential in food, preparation, and meal experiences, which in turn influence children's eating habits differently among social groups. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to explore the food consumption patterns of Qom preschoolers and to describe cultural domains about the significance of feeding in this indigenous population in northern Argentina. METHODS This cross-sectional and mixed-methods study was conducted in 2016-2017 and focused on 160 preschoolers and their mothers in the village of Namqom. It used a closed questionnaire, three 24-h recalls, and free listing techniques. RESULTS Qom preschoolers had a high prevalence of excess weight (25%) and stunting (16%). Mothers reported only 38 food items consumed by preschoolers. Almost all of the children (96%) consumed white bread, whereas 89% consumed milk, 87.5% sweet cookies, 84.7% some sort of stew, 72% fried dough, and 63.1% soup. In addition, it was found that preschoolers consumed neither fresh and varied vegetables, nor available fruits. They did not consume fresh fish and other meats, either. Caregivers related the term "feeding" with "having to eat," which might be associated with the context of poverty in which they live. Caregivers also mentioned "eating right" to get healthy or grow up strong. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a relatively elevated consumption of high-energy but nutritionally poor food, and malnutrition, which reflects the impacts of poverty. We found that the cultural domain of food is linked to survival and depletion ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía I Olmedo
- Center for Research and Studies on Culture and Society, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Román
- Center of Research of Epidemiology and Health Services, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- School of Nutrition, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Berra
- Center for Research and Studies on Culture and Society, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Center of Research of Epidemiology and Health Services, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Mansour R, Liamputtong P, Arora A. Prevalence, Determinants, and Effects of Food Insecurity among Middle Eastern and North African Migrants and Refugees in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197262. [PMID: 33020437 PMCID: PMC7579266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Issues related to poverty and income inequality in high-income countries have led to food insecurity among some population groups, such as migrants and refugees. While there are some studies on the experience of some migrant groups (and other subpopulations), little is known about food security among Middle Eastern and African migrants and refugees. This systematic review identified the prevalence of food insecurity and its effects among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) migrants and refugees in high-income countries. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in this systematic review. Four databases, namely MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and PubMed were searched. Three studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were conducted in USA: two among Sudanese migrant families, and one among Somali refugee women. The rates of reported food insecurity ranged from 40% to 71% and were significantly higher than for the general population. Food insecurity was associated with acculturation and socio-economic factors. Food insecurity adversely impacts the health of MENA migrants and refugees, creating economic implications for individuals, families, the broader community in which they now live, and for governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reima Mansour
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (P.L.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-2682-8215
| | - Pranee Liamputtong
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (P.L.); (A.A.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (P.L.); (A.A.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
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Kuhnlein HV. Gender roles, food system biodiversity, and food security in Indigenous Peoples' communities. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 13 Suppl 3. [PMID: 29359432 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditional knowledge and practice of Indigenous Peoples related to their food use and well-being is a wealth of information for academic study and for public health nutrition. Despite unique long-evolved heritages of knowledge of ecosystem resources, Indigenous Peoples comprise 15% of the global poor, but only 5% of the world's population, and they experience poverty, discrimination, and poor nutritional health at far greater rates than mainstream populations in their nations of residence. These disparities are unacceptable in all human rights frameworks, and the call to alleviate them resonates through all human development programmes and the United Nations organizations. The scholars contributing to this special issue of Maternal and Child Nutrition describe how gender roles and the right to food for several cultures of Indigenous Peoples can be fostered to protect their unique foods and traditions, providing food sovereignty and food and nutrition security benefits, especially for women and children. Aspects of societal maternal or paternal lineality and locality, division of labour, spirituality and decision-making are described. These factors structure the impact of gender roles with Indigenous worldviews on the dynamics of family food access, its availability and use, and the use of local food biodiversity. Cultures of Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador, Nigeria, Thailand, India, Canada, Japan, and Morocco are discussed. This publication is a work of the Task Force on Traditional, Indigenous and Cultural Food and Nutrition of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet V Kuhnlein
- Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment and School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Zavaleta C, Berrang-Ford L, Ford J, Llanos-Cuentas A, Cárcamo C, Ross NA, Lancha G, Sherman M, Harper SL. Multiple non-climatic drivers of food insecurity reinforce climate change maladaptation trajectories among Peruvian Indigenous Shawi in the Amazon. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205714. [PMID: 30325951 PMCID: PMC6191111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is affecting food systems globally, with implications for food security, nutrition, and the health of human populations. There are limited data characterizing the current and future consequences of climate change on local food security for populations already experiencing poor nutritional indicators. Indigenous Amazonian populations have a high reported prevalence of nutritional deficiencies. This paper characterizes the food system of the Shawi of the Peruvian Amazon, climatic and non-climatic drivers of their food security vulnerability to climate change, and identifies potential maladaptation trajectories. METHODS AND FINDINGS Semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 24), three photovoice workshops (n = 17 individuals), transect walks (n = 2), a food calendar exercise, and two community dissemination meetings (n = 30 individuals), were conducted within two Shawi communities in Balsapuerto District in the Peruvian Loreto region between June and September of 2014. The Shawi food system was based on three main food sub-systems (forest, farming and externally-sourced). Shawi reported collective, gendered, and emotional notions related to their food system activities. Climatic and non-climatic drivers of food security vulnerability among Shawi participants acted at proximal and distal levels, and mutually reinforced key maladaptation trajectories, including: 1) a growing population and natural resource degradation coupled with limited opportunities to increase incomes, and 2) a desire for education and deforestation reinforced by governmental social and food interventions. CONCLUSION A series of maladaptive trajectories have the potential to increase social and nutritional inequities for the Shawi. Transformational food security adaptation should include consideration of Indigenous perceptions and priorities, and should be part of Peruvian food and socioeconomic development policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Zavaleta
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- * E-mail:
| | - Lea Berrang-Ford
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Ford
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - César Cárcamo
- Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Nancy A. Ross
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mya Sherman
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherilee L. Harper
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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