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Halvorson BD, Bao Y, Singh KK, Frisbee SJ, Hachinski V, Whitehead SN, Melling CWJ, Chantler PD, Goldman D, Frisbee JC. Thromboxane-induced cerebral microvascular rarefaction predicts depressive symptom emergence in metabolic disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:122-140. [PMID: 37969083 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the loss of microvessel density in the peripheral circulation with evolving metabolic disease severity represents a significant contributor to impaired skeletal muscle oxygenation and fatigue-resistance. Based on this and our recent work, we hypothesized that cerebral microvascular rarefaction was initiated from the increased prooxidant and proinflammatory environment with metabolic disease and is predictive of the severity of the emergence of depressive symptoms in obese Zucker rats (OZRs). In male OZR, cerebrovascular rarefaction followed the emergence of elevated oxidant and inflammatory environments characterized by increased vascular production of thromboxane A2 (TxA2). The subsequent emergence of depressive symptoms in OZR was associated with the timing and severity of the rarefaction. Chronic intervention with antioxidant (TEMPOL) or anti-inflammation (pentoxifylline) therapy blunted the severity of rarefaction and depressive symptoms, although the effectiveness was limited. Blockade of TxA2 production (dazmegrel) or action (SQ-29548) resulted in a stronger therapeutic effect, suggesting that vascular production and action represent a significant contributor to rarefaction and the emergence of depressive symptoms with chronic metabolic disease (although other pathways clearly contribute as well). A de novo biosimulation of cerebrovascular oxygenation in the face of progressive rarefaction demonstrates the increased probability of generating hypoxic regions within the microvascular networks, which could contribute to impaired neuronal metabolism and the emergence of depressive symptoms. The results of the present study also implicate the potential importance of aggressive prodromic intervention in reducing the severity of chronic complications arising from metabolic disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY With clinical studies linking vascular disease risk to depressive symptom emergence, we used obese Zucker rats, a model of chronic metabolic disease, to identify potential mechanistic links between these two negative outcomes. Depressive symptom severity correlated with the extent of cerebrovascular rarefaction, after increased vascular oxidant stress/inflammation and TxA2 production. Anti-TxA2 interventions prevasculopathy blunted rarefaction and depressive symptoms, while biosimulation indicated that cerebrovascular rarefaction increased hypoxia within capillary networks as a potential contributing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayden D Halvorson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C W James Melling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Halvorson BD, Menon NJ, Goldman D, Frisbee SJ, Goodwill AG, Butcher JT, Stapleton PA, Brooks SD, d'Audiffret AC, Wiseman RW, Lombard JH, Brock RW, Olfert IM, Chantler PD, Frisbee JC. The development of peripheral microvasculopathy with chronic metabolic disease in obese Zucker rats: a retrograde emergence? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H475-H489. [PMID: 35904886 PMCID: PMC9448278 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00264.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study of peripheral vasculopathy with chronic metabolic disease is challenged by divergent contributions from spatial (the level of resolution or specific tissue being studied) and temporal origins (evolution of the developing impairments in time). Over many years of studying the development of skeletal muscle vasculopathy and its functional implications, we may be at the point of presenting an integrated conceptual model that addresses these challenges within the obese Zucker rat (OZR) model. At the early stages of metabolic disease, where systemic markers of elevated cardiovascular disease risk are present, the only evidence of vascular dysfunction is at postcapillary and collecting venules, where leukocyte adhesion/rolling is elevated with impaired venular endothelial function. As metabolic disease severity and duration increases, reduced microvessel density becomes evident as well as increased variability in microvascular hematocrit. Subsequently, hemodynamic impairments to distal arteriolar networks emerge, manifesting as increasing perfusion heterogeneity and impaired arteriolar reactivity. This retrograde "wave of dysfunction" continues, creating a condition wherein deficiencies to the distal arteriolar, capillary, and venular microcirculation stabilize and impairments to proximal arteriolar reactivity, wall mechanics, and perfusion distribution evolve. This proximal arteriolar dysfunction parallels increasing failure in fatigue resistance, hyperemic responses, and O2 uptake within self-perfused skeletal muscle. Taken together, these results present a conceptual model for the retrograde development of peripheral vasculopathy with chronic metabolic disease and provide insight into the timing and targeting of interventional strategies to improve health outcomes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Working from an established database spanning multiple scales and times, we studied progression of peripheral microvascular dysfunction in chronic metabolic disease. The data implicate the postcapillary venular endothelium as the initiating site for vasculopathy. Indicators of dysfunction, spanning network structures, hemodynamics, vascular reactivity, and perfusion progress in an insidious retrograde manner to present as functional impairments to muscle blood flow and performance much later. The silent vasculopathy progression may provide insight into clinical treatment challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayden D Halvorson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nithin J Menon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Phoebe A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Steven D Brooks
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Physiology Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Julian H Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert W Brock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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D'Errico JN, Fournier SB, Stapleton PA. Considering intrauterine location in a model of fetal growth restriction after maternal titanium dioxide nanoparticle inhalation. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:643804. [PMID: 33997857 PMCID: PMC8121264 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.643804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition with several underlying etiologies including gestational disease (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes) and xenobiotic exposure (e.g., environmental contaminants, pharmaceuticals, recreational drugs). Rodent models allow study of FGR pathogenesis. However, given the multiparous rodent pregnancy, fetal growth variability within uterine horns may arise. To ascertain whether intrauterine position is a determinant of fetal growth, we redesigned fetal weight analysis to include litter size and maternal weight. Our FGR model is produced by exposing pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to aerosolized titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 9.44 ± 0.26 mg/m3 on gestational day (GD) 4, GD 12 or GD 17 or 9.53 ± 1.01 mg/m3 between GD 4-GD 19. In this study fetal weight data was reorganized by intrauterine location [i.e., right/left uterine horn and ovarian/middle/vaginal position] and normalized by maternal weight and number of feti per uterine horn. A significant difference in fetal weight in the middle location in controls (0.061g ± 0.001 vs. 0.055g ± 0.002), GD 4 (0.033g ± 0.003 vs. 0.049g ± 0.004), and GD 17 (0.047g ± 0.002 vs. 0.038g ± 0.002) exposed animals was identified. Additionally, GD 4 exposure produced significantly smaller feti in the right uterine horn at the ovarian end (0.052g ± 0.003 vs. 0.029g ± 0.003) and middle of the right uterine horn (0.060g ± 0.001 vs. 0.033g ± 0.003). GD 17 exposure produced significantly smaller feti in the left uterine horn middle location (0.055g ± 0.002 vs. 0.033 ± 0.002). Placental weights were unaffected, and placental efficiency was reduced in the right uterine horn middle location after GD 17 exposure (5.74g ± 0.16 vs. 5.09g ± 0.14). These findings identified: 1) differences in fetal weight of controls between the right and left horns in the middle position, and 2) differential effects of single whole-body pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on fetal weight by position and window of maternal exposure. In conclusion, these results indicate that consideration for intrauterine position, maternal weight, and number of feti per horn provides a more sensitive assessment of FGR from rodent reproductive and developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. N. D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - S. B. Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - P. A. Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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4
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Frisbee JC, Lewis MT, Wiseman RW. Skeletal muscle performance in metabolic disease: Microvascular or mitochondrial limitation or both? Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12517. [PMID: 30471168 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the clearly established health outcomes associated with chronic metabolic diseases (eg, type II diabetes mellitus) is that the ability of skeletal muscle to maintain contractile performance during periods of elevated metabolic demand is compromised as compared to the fatigue-resistance of muscle under normal, healthy conditions. While there has been extensive effort dedicated to determining the major factors that contribute to the compromised performance of skeletal muscle with chronic metabolic disease, the extent to which this poor outcome reflects a dysfunctional state of the microcirculation, where the delivery and distribution of metabolic substrates can be impaired, versus derangements to normal metabolic processes and mitochondrial function, versus a combination of the two, represents an area of considerable unknown. The purpose of this manuscript is to present some of the current concepts for dysfunction to both the microcirculation of skeletal muscle as well as to mitochondrial metabolism under these conditions, such that these diverse issues can be merged into an integrated framework for future investigation. Based on an interpretation of the current literature, it may be hypothesized that the primary site of dysfunction with earlier stages of metabolic disease may lie at the level of the vasculature, rather than at the level of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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5
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Cree-Green M, Scalzo RL, Harrall K, Newcomer BR, Schauer IE, Huebschmann AG, McMillin S, Brown MS, Orlicky D, Knaub L, Nadeau KJ, McClatchey PM, Bauer TA, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JEB. Supplemental Oxygen Improves In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Flux in Sedentary Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:1369-1379. [PMID: 29643061 PMCID: PMC6463751 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired exercise capacity. Alterations in both muscle perfusion and mitochondrial function can contribute to exercise impairment. We hypothesized that impaired muscle mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetes is mediated, in part, by decreased tissue oxygen delivery and would improve with oxygen supplementation. Ex vivo muscle mitochondrial content and respiration assessed from biopsy samples demonstrated expected differences in obese individuals with (n = 18) and without (n = 17) diabetes. Similarly, in vivo mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity measured in the gastrocnemius muscle via 31P-MRS indicated an impairment in the rate of ADP depletion with rest (27 ± 6 s [diabetes], 21 ± 7 s [control subjects]; P = 0.008) and oxidative phosphorylation (P = 0.046) in type 2 diabetes after isometric calf exercise compared with control subjects. Importantly, the in vivo impairment in oxidative capacity resolved with oxygen supplementation in adults with diabetes (ADP depletion rate 5.0 s faster, P = 0.012; oxidative phosphorylation 0.046 ± 0.079 mmol/L/s faster, P = 0.027). Multiple in vivo mitochondrial measures related to HbA1c These data suggest that oxygen availability is rate limiting for in vivo mitochondrial oxidative exercise recovery measured with 31P-MRS in individuals with uncomplicated diabetes. Targeting muscle oxygenation could improve exercise function in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kylie Harrall
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Irene E Schauer
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Amy G Huebschmann
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shawna McMillin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mark S Brown
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - David Orlicky
- Division of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Leslie Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Timothy A Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Center for Women's Health Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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6
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McClatchey PM, Frisbee JC, Reusch JEB. A conceptual framework for predicting and addressing the consequences of disease-related microvascular dysfunction. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28135021 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence indicates that impaired microvascular perfusion plays a pathological role in a number of diseases. This manuscript aims to better define which aspects of microvascular perfusion are important, what mass transport processes (eg, insulin action, tissue oxygenation) may be impacted, and what therapies might reverse these pathologies. METHODS We derive a theory of microvascular perfusion and solute flux drawing from established relationships in mass transport and anatomy. We then apply this theory to predict relationships between microvascular perfusion parameters and microvascular solute flux. RESULTS For convection-limited exchange processes (eg, pulmonary oxygen uptake), our model predicts that bulk blood flow is of primary importance. For diffusion-limited exchange processes (eg, insulin action), our model predicts that perfused capillary density is of primary importance. For convection/diffusion co-limited exchange processes (eg, tissue oxygenation), our model predicts that various microvascular perfusion parameters interact in a complex, context-specific manner. We further show that our model can predict established mass transport defects in disease (eg, insulin resistance in diabetes). CONCLUSIONS The contributions of microvascular perfusion parameters to tissue-level solute flux can be described using a minimal mathematical model. Our results hold promise for informing therapeutic interventions targeting microvascular perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penn M McClatchey
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Lemaster KA, Farid Z, Brock RW, Shrader CD, Goldman D, Jackson DN, Frisbee JC. Altered post-capillary and collecting venular reactivity in skeletal muscle with metabolic syndrome. J Physiol 2017; 595:5159-5174. [PMID: 28556909 DOI: 10.1113/jp274291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS With the development of the metabolic syndrome, both post-capillary and collecting venular dilator reactivity within the skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats (OZR) is impaired. The impaired dilator reactivity in OZR reflects a loss in venular nitric oxide and PGI2 bioavailability, associated with the chronic elevation in oxidant stress. Additionally, with the impaired dilator responses, a modest increase in adrenergic constriction combined with an elevated thromboxane A2 production may contribute to impaired functional dilator and hyperaemic responses at the venular level. For the shift in skeletal muscle venular function with development of the metabolic syndrome, issues such as aggregate microvascular perfusion resistance, mass transport and exchange within with capillary networks, and fluid handling across the microcirculation are compelling avenues for future investigation. ABSTRACT While research into vascular outcomes of the metabolic syndrome has focused on arterial/arteriolar and capillary levels, investigation into venular function and how this impacts responses has received little attention. Using the in situ cremaster muscle of obese Zucker rats (OZR; with lean Zucker rats (LZR) as controls), we determined indices of venular function. At ∼17 weeks of age, skeletal muscle post-capillary venular density was reduced by ∼20% in LZR vs. OZR, although there was no evidence of remodelling of the venular wall. Venular tone at ∼25 μm (post-capillary) and ∼75 μm (collecting) diameter was elevated in OZR vs. LZR. Venular dilatation to acetylcholine was blunted in OZR vs. LZR due to increased oxidant stress-based loss of nitric oxide bioavailability (post-capillary) and increased α1 - (and α2 -) mediated constrictor tone (collecting). Venular constrictor responses in OZR were comparable to LZR for most stimuli, although constriction to α1 -adrenoreceptor stimulation was elevated. In response to field stimulation of the cremaster muscle (0.5, 1, 3 Hz), venular dilator and hyperaemic responses to lower frequencies were blunted in OZR, but responses at 3 Hz were similar between strains. Venous production of TxA2 was higher in OZR than LZR and significantly higher than PGI2 production in either following arachidonic acid challenge. These results suggest that multi-faceted alterations to skeletal muscle venular function in OZR may contribute to alterations in upstream capillary pressure profiles and the transcapillary exchange of solutes and water under conditions of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Lemaster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Transdisciplinary Program in Vascular Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahra Farid
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Transdisciplinary Program in Vascular Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Brock
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Carl D Shrader
- Family Medicine, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Transdisciplinary Program in Vascular Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dwayne N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Transdisciplinary Program in Vascular Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Transdisciplinary Program in Vascular Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Lemaster K, Jackson D, Goldman D, Frisbee JC. Insidious incrementalism: The silent failure of the microcirculation with increasing peripheral vascular disease risk. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Lemaster
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Dwayne Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
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9
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McClatchey PM, Schafer M, Hunter KS, Reusch JEB. The endothelial glycocalyx promotes homogenous blood flow distribution within the microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H168-76. [PMID: 27199117 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00132.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many common diseases involve impaired tissue perfusion, and heterogeneous distribution of blood flow in the microvasculature contributes to this pathology. The physiological mechanisms regulating homogeneity/heterogeneity of microvascular perfusion are presently unknown. Using established empirical formulations for blood viscosity modeling in vivo (blood vessels) and in vitro (glass tubes), we showed that the in vivo formulation predicts more homogenous perfusion of microvascular networks at the arteriolar and capillary levels. Next, we showed that the more homogeneous blood flow under simulated in vivo conditions can be explained by changes in red blood cell interactions with the vessel wall. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of a space-filling, semipermeable layer (such as the endothelial glycocalyx) at the vessel wall can account for the changes of red blood cell interactions with the vessel wall that promote homogenous microvascular perfusion. Collectively, our results indicate that the mechanical properties of the endothelial glycocalyx promote homogeneous microvascular perfusion. Preservation or restoration of normal glycocalyx properties may be a viable strategy for improving tissue perfusion in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mason McClatchey
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michal Schafer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Kendall S Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Rosa TS, Simões HG, Rogero MM, Moraes MR, Denadai BS, Arida RM, Andrade MS, Silva BM. Severe Obesity Shifts Metabolic Thresholds but Does Not Attenuate Aerobic Training Adaptations in Zucker Rats. Front Physiol 2016; 7:122. [PMID: 27148063 PMCID: PMC4835489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity affects metabolism with potential to influence the lactate and glycemic response to different exercise intensities in untrained and trained rats. Here we evaluated metabolic thresholds and maximal aerobic capacity in rats with severe obesity and lean counterparts at pre- and post-training. Zucker rats (obese: n = 10, lean: n = 10) were submitted to constant treadmill bouts, to determine the maximal lactate steady state, and an incremental treadmill test, to determine the lactate threshold, glycemic threshold and maximal velocity at pre and post 8 weeks of treadmill training. Velocities of the lactate threshold and glycemic threshold agreed with the maximal lactate steady state velocity on most comparisons. The maximal lactate steady state velocity occurred at higher percentage of the maximal velocity in Zucker rats at pre-training than the percentage commonly reported and used for training prescription for other rat strains (i.e., 60%) (obese = 78 ± 9% and lean = 68 ± 5%, P < 0.05 vs. 60%). The maximal lactate steady state velocity and maximal velocity were lower in the obese group at pre-training (P < 0.05 vs. lean), increased in both groups at post-training (P < 0.05 vs. pre), but were still lower in the obese group at post-training (P < 0.05 vs. lean). Training-induced increase in maximal lactate steady state, lactate threshold and glycemic threshold velocities was similar between groups (P > 0.05), whereas increase in maximal velocity was greater in the obese group (P < 0.05 vs. lean). In conclusion, lactate threshold, glycemic threshold and maximal lactate steady state occurred at similar exercise intensity in Zucker rats at pre- and post-training. Severe obesity shifted metabolic thresholds to higher exercise intensity at pre-training, but did not attenuate submaximal and maximal aerobic training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Rosa
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton R Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil; Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito S Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Arida
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília S Andrade
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Silva
- Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Frisbee JC, Butcher JT, Frisbee SJ, Olfert IM, Chantler PD, Tabone LE, d'Audiffret AC, Shrader CD, Goodwill AG, Stapleton PA, Brooks SD, Brock RW, Lombard JH. Increased peripheral vascular disease risk progressively constrains perfusion adaptability in the skeletal muscle microcirculation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H488-504. [PMID: 26702145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00790.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the impact of progressive elevations in peripheral vascular disease (PVD) risk on microvascular function, we utilized eight rat models spanning "healthy" to "high PVD risk" and used a multiscale approach to interrogate microvascular function and outcomes: healthy: Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR) and lean Zucker rats (LZR); mild risk: SDR on high-salt diet (HSD) and SDR on high-fructose diet (HFD); moderate risk: reduced renal mass-hypertensive rats (RRM) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); high risk: obese Zucker rats (OZR) and Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DSS). Vascular reactivity and biochemical analyses demonstrated that even mild elevations in PVD risk severely attenuated nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and caused progressive shifts in arachidonic acid metabolism, increasing thromboxane A2 levels. With the introduction of hypertension, arteriolar myogenic activation and adrenergic constriction were increased. However, while functional hyperemia and fatigue resistance of in situ skeletal muscle were not impacted with mild or moderate PVD risk, blood oxygen handling suggested an increasingly heterogeneous perfusion within resting and contracting skeletal muscle. Analysis of in situ networks demonstrated an increasingly stable and heterogeneous distribution of perfusion at arteriolar bifurcations with elevated PVD risk, a phenomenon that was manifested first in the distal microcirculation and evolved proximally with increasing risk. The increased perfusion distribution heterogeneity and loss of flexibility throughout the microvascular network, the result of the combined effects on NO bioavailability, arachidonic acid metabolism, myogenic activation, and adrenergic constriction, may represent the most accurate predictor of the skeletal muscle microvasculopathy and poor health outcomes associated with chronic elevations in PVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Leadership, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Lawrence E Tabone
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Alexandre C d'Audiffret
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Carl D Shrader
- Department of Family Medicine, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Phoebe A Stapleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Steven D Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Robert W Brock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Julian H Lombard
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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12
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Haas TL, Nwadozi E. Regulation of skeletal muscle capillary growth in exercise and disease. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1221-32. [PMID: 26554747 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillaries, which are the smallest and most abundant type of blood vessel, form the primary site of gas, nutrient, and waste transfer between the vascular and tissue compartments. Skeletal muscle exhibits the capacity to generate new capillaries (angiogenesis) as an adaptation to exercise training, thus ensuring that the heightened metabolic demand of the active muscle is matched by an improved capacity for distribution of gases, nutrients, and waste products. This review summarizes the current understanding of the regulation of skeletal muscle capillary growth. The multi-step process of angiogenesis is coordinated through the integration of a diverse array of signals associated with hypoxic, metabolic, hemodynamic, and mechanical stresses within the active muscle. The contributions of metabolic and mechanical factors to the modulation of key pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules are discussed within the context of responses to a single aerobic exercise bout and short-term and long-term training. Finally, the paradoxical lack of angiogenesis in peripheral artery disease and diabetes and the implications for disease progression and muscle health are discussed. Future studies that emphasize an integrated analysis of the mechanisms that control skeletal muscle capillary growth will enable development of targeted exercise programs that effectively promote angiogenesis in healthy individuals and in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Haas
- Angiogenesis Research Group, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Angiogenesis Research Group, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- Angiogenesis Research Group, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.,Angiogenesis Research Group, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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14
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Frisbee JC, Goodwill AG, Frisbee SJ, Butcher JT, Wu F, Chantler PD. Microvascular perfusion heterogeneity contributes to peripheral vascular disease in metabolic syndrome. J Physiol 2014; 594:2233-43. [PMID: 25384789 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge facing public health is the increased incidence and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a clinical condition characterized by excess adiposity, impaired glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia and moderate hypertension. The greatest concern for this syndrome is the profound increase in risk for development of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in afflicted persons. However, ongoing studies suggest that reductions in bulk blood flow to skeletal muscle may not be the primary contributor to the premature muscle fatigue that is a hallmark of PVD. Compelling evidence has been provided suggesting that an increasingly spatially heterogeneous and temporally stable distribution of blood flow at successive arteriolar bifurcations in metabolic syndrome creates an environment where a large number of the pre-capillary arterioles have low perfusion, low haematocrit, and are increasingly confined to this state, with limited ability to adapt perfusion in response to a challenged environment. Single pharmacological interventions are unable to significantly restore function owing to a divergence in their spatial effectiveness, although combined therapeutic approaches to correct adrenergic dysfunction, elevated oxidant stress and increased thromboxane A2 improve perfusion-based outcomes. Integrated, multi-target therapeutic interventions designed to restore healthy network function and flexibility may provide for superior outcomes in subjects with metabolic syndrome-associated PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Health Policy, Management and Leadership, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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