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Libby JR, Royce H, Walker SR, Li L. The role of extracellular matrix in angiogenesis: Beyond adhesion and structure. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2024; 15:100097. [PMID: 39129826 PMCID: PMC11315062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2024.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While the extracellular matrix (ECM) has long been recognized for its structural contributions, anchoring cells for adhesion, providing mechanical support, and maintaining tissue integrity, recent efforts have elucidated its dynamic, reciprocal, and diverse properties on angiogenesis. The ECM modulates angiogenic signaling and mechanical transduction, influences the extent and degree of receptor activation, controls cellular behaviors, and serves as a reservoir for bioactive macromolecules. Collectively, these factors guide the formation, maturation, and stabilization of a functional vascular network. This review aims to shed light on the versatile roles of the ECM in angiogenesis, transcending its traditional functions as a mere structural material. We will explore its engagement and synergy in signaling modulation, interactions with various angiogenic factors, and highlight its importance in both health and disease. By capturing the essence of the ECM's diverse functionalities, we highlight the significance in the broader context of vascular biology, enabling the design of novel biomaterials to engineer vascularized tissues and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaxson R. Libby
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Haley Royce
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Sarah R. Walker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Linqing Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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2
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Hampton C, Bharti K, Song MJ. Tissue Engineering of Outer Blood Retina Barrier for Therapeutic Development. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 31:100538. [PMID: 38962280 PMCID: PMC11218818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration and other retinal degenerative disorders are characterized by disruption of the outer blood retinal barrier (oBRB) with subsequent ischemia, neovascularization, and atrophy. Despite the treatment advances, there remains no curative therapy, and no treatment targeted at regenerating native-like tissue for patients with late stages of the disease. Here we present advances in tissue engineering, focusing on bioprinting methods of generating tissue allowing for safe and reliable production of oBRB as well as tissue reprogramming with induced pluripotent stem cells for transplantation. We compare these approaches to organ-on-a-chip models for studying the dynamic nature of physiologic conditions. Highlighted within this review are studies that employ good manufacturing practices and use clinical grade methods that minimize potential risk to patients. Lastly, we illustrate recent clinical applications demonstrating both safety and efficacy for direct patient use. These advances provide an avenue for drug discovery and ultimately transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hampton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Jae Song
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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3
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Coelho-Santos V, Shih AY. Pericytes: Unsung heroes in myelin repair after neonatal brain hypoxia. Neuron 2024; 112:2081-2083. [PMID: 38964282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Preterm infants can face lasting neurodevelopmental challenges due to hypoxia-induced injury of the cerebral white matter. In this issue of Neuron, Ren et al.1 identify microvascular pericytes as unexpected targets for growth hormone signaling, which enhances angiogenesis and remyelination after hypoxic injury in the developing mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute of Physiology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA, 98101; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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4
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Liu Z. Gene expression profile of human placental villous pericytes in the first trimester - An analysis by single-cell RNA sequencing. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100919. [PMID: 38941941 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells within theplacental villi play a crucial role in shaping the morphology of branching structures and driving the development of blood vessels. However, the markers and functions of placental villous pericytes (PVPs) as distinct subgroups of placental villous mesenchymal cells, remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, the markers and functions of PVPs were investigated. Single-cell sequencing data from the first-trimester placental villi was obtained and the Seurat tool was used to identify PVP markers. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of specific genes was performed using the DAVID database. The Cellchat tool was employed to investigate the interaction signals between the PVPs and other cells. Expression of the PVP markers was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Presence of extracellular vesicles in the placental villous mesenchyme and PVPs was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Our findings revealed that renin (REN) and amphiregulin (AREG)-positive fibroblasts in the placental villi specifically expressed several classic pericyte markers. In the first trimester, certain conserved functions of pericytes were observed and they displayed tissue-specific functions such as in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway and extracellular exosomes. Moreover, the placental villous mesenchyme was found to be rich in extracellular vesicles. AREG is specifically transcribed in the first trimester PVPs, however, its protein was located in syncytiotrophoblasts. These insights contribute to a comprehensive understanding of early placental development and offer new therapeutic targets for placenta-derived pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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5
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Shaw P, Dwivedi SKD, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Rao G. VEGF signaling: Role in angiogenesis and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189079. [PMID: 38280470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells, promoting neovascularization. While VEGF's role in angiogenesis is well-documented, its influence on the other aspects in tumor microenvironemt is less discussed. This review elaborates on VEGF's impact on intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including how VEGF affects pericyte proliferation and migration and mediates interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, resulting in PDL-1-mediated immunosuppression and Nrf2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The review discusses VEGF's involvement in intra-organelle crosstalk, tumor metabolism, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It also provides insights into current anti-VEGF therapies and their limitations in cancer treatment. Overall, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge concerning VEGF signaling and its impact, not only on angiogenesis but also on various other oncogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Auricchio AM, Calvanese F, Pohjola A, Laakso A, Niemelä M. Hemangioblastoma and arteriovenous malformation in the same patient: a not random association or two isolated entities? Systematic review starting from a unique case. Neurochirurgie 2024; 70:101537. [PMID: 38324942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2024.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between intracranial hemangioblastomas and arteriovenous malformations has been documented in very few cases in literature since 1965 and might present in three modalities: "intermixed, adjacent and separated (spatially and temporally)". Often, the pattern of presentation is "intermixed". According to our systematic review, we propose an adjustment of the previous classification, specifically for these entities. We describe the first case of a truly "spatially separated" association between these two lesions. METHODS Our study encompassed all adult patients diagnosed with both intracranial hemangioblastoma and AVM who were evaluated in the last 20-year period, from 2003 to 2023 at Helsinki University Hospital. Cases of this coexistence were retrospectively identified and collected from clinical records. For the systematic review, studies reporting the coexistence of hemangioblastoma and AVM in adult patients (>18 years old) were selected. Given the rarity of this pattern, case reports were also included. RESULTS The combined analysis of our systematic review and institutional retrospective study revealed a total of only seven identified cases. We applied the classification of neoplasms and AVM by Yano, modifying and adapting it into our screened patient series. We systematically reclassified "adjacent" and genuinely "spatially separated" patterns based on the vascular axis supplying both lesions. CONCLUSIONS Hemangioblastomas and AVMs rarely coexist in the same patient. Our study reports the first instance of a truly "spatially separated" sporadic association between these vascular lesions. The rarity of such coexistence underscores the need for a nuanced and systematic classification to guide the management of these infrequent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Auricchio
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Calvanese
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anni Pohjola
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Jiang H, Li X, Chen T, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Jia J. Bioprinted vascular tissue: Assessing functions from cellular, tissue to organ levels. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100846. [PMID: 37953757 PMCID: PMC10632537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology is widely used to fabricate various tissue structures. However, the absence of vessels hampers the ability of bioprinted tissues to receive oxygen and nutrients as well as to remove wastes, leading to a significant reduction in their survival rate. Despite the advancements in bioinks and bioprinting technologies, bioprinted vascular structures continue to be unsuitable for transplantation compared to natural blood vessels. In addition, a complete assessment index system for evaluating the structure and function of bioprinted vessels in vitro has not yet been established. Therefore, in this review, we firstly highlight the significance of selecting suitable bioinks and bioprinting techniques as they two synergize with each other. Subsequently, focusing on both vascular-associated cells and vascular tissues, we provide a relatively thorough assessment of the functions of bioprinted vascular tissue based on the physiological functions that natural blood vessels possess. We end with a review of the applications of vascular models, such as vessel-on-a-chip, in simulating pathological processes and conducting drug screening at the organ level. We believe that the development of fully functional blood vessels will soon make great contributions to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyi Li
- Sino-Swiss Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Micro-electronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Sino-Swiss Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Micro-electronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Tanaka S, Portilla D, Okusa MD. Role of perivascular cells in kidney homeostasis, inflammation, repair and fibrosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:721-732. [PMID: 37608184 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular niches in the kidney comprise heterogeneous cell populations, including pericytes and fibroblasts, with distinct functions. These perivascular cells have crucial roles in preserving kidney homeostasis as they maintain microvascular networks by stabilizing the vasculature and regulating capillary constriction. A subset of kidney perivascular cells can also produce and secrete erythropoietin; this ability can be enhanced with hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which are used to treat anaemia in chronic kidney disease. In the pathophysiological state, kidney perivascular cells contribute to the progression of kidney fibrosis, partly via transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Moreover, perivascular cells are now recognized as major innate immune sentinels in the kidney that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines following injury. These mediators promote immune cell infiltration, leading to persistent inflammation and progression of kidney fibrosis. The crosstalk between perivascular cells and tubular epithelial, immune and endothelial cells is therefore a key process in physiological and pathophysiological states. Here, we examine the multiple roles of kidney perivascular cells in health and disease, focusing on the latest advances in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Didier Portilla
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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9
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Cui N, Zhu X, Zhao C, Meng C, Sha J, Zhu D. Pericyte loss leads to microvessel remodeling and nasal polyp formation. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:876-886. [PMID: 38148737 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2276345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be caused by increased vascular permeability and inflammatory cell leakage in the subepithelial tissue. AIMS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to clarify the role of pericytes in tissue edema, microvessel dysfunction and vascular remodeling mechanisms in patients of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 63 tissue samples were collected, including 42 CRSwNP samples (22 eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) and 20 non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-eCRSwNP) samples) and 21 samples of CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The samples were stained by immunofluorescence to measure microvessel density (MVD) and microvessel pericyte coverage index (MPI). RESULTS We found that the albumin expression in the eCRSwNP group was significantly increased (p < .05). The MPI was significantly decreased (p <.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the MPI and the plasma albumin level (r=-0.82, p < .05). The MPI was negatively correlated with eosinophilic count (r=-0.77, p < .05). In the eCRSwNP group, the expressions of IL-4, Ang-1 and Ang-2 were increased compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Pericyte loss may induce microvessel dysfunction, affect the development of interstitial edema and eosinophilic exosmosis in eCRSwNP, and contribute to the formation and maintenance of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuida Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jichao Sha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex disease involving development of the neural retina, ocular circulations, and other organ systems of the premature infant. The external stresses of the ex utero environment also influence the pathophysiology of ROP through interactions among retinal neural, vascular, and glial cells. There is variability among individual infants and presentations of the disease throughout the world, making ROP challenging to study. The methods used include representative animal models, cell culture, and clinical studies. This article describes the impact of maternal-fetal interactions; stresses that the preterm infant experiences; and biologic pathways of interest, including growth factor effects and cell-cell interactions, on the complex pathophysiology of ROP phenotypes in developed and emerging countries.
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11
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Fu J, Liang H, Yuan P, Wei Z, Zhong P. Brain pericyte biology: from physiopathological mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1267785. [PMID: 37780206 PMCID: PMC10536258 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1267785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes play an indispensable role in various organs and biological processes, such as promoting angiogenesis, regulating microvascular blood flow, and participating in immune responses. Therefore, in this review, we will first introduce the discovery and development of pericytes, identification methods and functional characteristics, then focus on brain pericytes, on the one hand, to summarize the functions of brain pericytes under physiological conditions, mainly discussing from the aspects of stem cell characteristics, contractile characteristics and paracrine characteristics; on the other hand, to summarize the role of brain pericytes under pathological conditions, mainly taking ischemic stroke as an example. Finally, we will discuss and analyze the application and development of pericytes as therapeutic targets, providing the research basis and direction for future microvascular diseases, especially ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
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12
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Crawshaw JR, Flegg JA, Bernabeu MO, Osborne JM. Mathematical models of developmental vascular remodelling: A review. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011130. [PMID: 37535698 PMCID: PMC10399886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, there has been a strong focus on the development of mathematical models of angiogenesis, while developmental remodelling has received little such attention from the mathematical community. Sprouting angiogenesis can be seen as a very crude way of laying out a primitive vessel network (the raw material), while remodelling (understood as pruning of redundant vessels, diameter control, and the establishment of vessel identity and hierarchy) is the key to turning that primitive network into a functional network. This multiscale problem is of prime importance in the development of a functional vasculature. In addition, defective remodelling (either during developmental remodelling or due to a reactivation of the remodelling programme caused by an injury) is associated with a significant number of diseases. In this review, we discuss existing mathematical models of developmental remodelling and explore the important contributions that these models have made to the field of vascular development. These mathematical models are effectively used to investigate and predict vascular development and are able to reproduce experimentally observable results. Moreover, these models provide a useful means of hypothesis generation and can explain the underlying mechanisms driving the observed structural and functional network development. However, developmental vascular remodelling is still a relatively new area in mathematical biology, and many biological questions remain unanswered. In this review, we present the existing modelling paradigms and define the key challenges for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Crawshaw
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Flegg
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Wu Y, Fu J, Huang Y, Duan R, Zhang W, Wang C, Wang S, Hu X, Zhao H, Wang L, Liu J, Gao G, Yuan P. Biology and function of pericytes in the vascular microcirculation. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:337-345. [PMID: 37317664 PMCID: PMC10486323 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are the main cellular components of tiny arteries and capillaries. Studies have found that pericytes can undergo morphological contraction or relaxation under stimulation by cytokines, thus affecting the contraction and relaxation of microvessels and playing an essential role in regulating vascular microcirculation. Moreover, due to the characteristics of stem cells, pericytes can differentiate into a variety of inflammatory cell phenotypes, which then affect the immune function. Additionally, pericytes can also participate in angiogenesis and wound healing by interacting with endothelial cells in vascular microcirculation disorders. Here we review the origin, biological phenotype and function of pericytes, and discuss the potential mechanisms of pericytes in vascular microcirculation disorders, especially in pulmonary hypertension, so as to provide a sound basis and direction for the prevention and treatment of vascular microcirculation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Ningbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yuxia Huang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruowang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wentian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Bismuth ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Bismuth ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guosheng Gao
- Ningbo Huamei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio‐Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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14
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Payne LB, Abdelazim H, Hoque M, Barnes A, Mironovova Z, Willi CE, Darden J, Houk C, Sedovy MW, Johnstone SR, Chappell JC. A Soluble Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Originates via Pre-mRNA Splicing in the Healthy Brain and Is Upregulated during Hypoxia and Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:711. [PMID: 37189457 PMCID: PMC10136073 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) pathway provides critical regulation of cerebrovascular pericytes, orchestrating their investment and retention within the brain microcirculation. Dysregulated PDGF Receptor-beta (PDGFRβ) signaling can lead to pericyte defects that compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and cerebral perfusion, impairing neuronal activity and viability, which fuels cognitive and memory deficits. Receptor tyrosine kinases such as PDGF-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) are often modulated by soluble isoforms of cognate receptors that establish signaling activity within a physiological range. Soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) isoforms have been reported to form by enzymatic cleavage from cerebrovascular mural cells, and pericytes in particular, largely under pathological conditions. However, pre-mRNA alternative splicing has not been widely explored as a possible mechanism for generating sPDGFRβ variants, and specifically during tissue homeostasis. Here, we found sPDGFRβ protein in the murine brain and other tissues under normal, physiological conditions. Utilizing brain samples for follow-on analysis, we identified mRNA sequences corresponding to sPDGFRβ isoforms, which facilitated construction of predicted protein structures and related amino acid sequences. Human cell lines yielded comparable sequences and protein model predictions. Retention of ligand binding capacity was confirmed for sPDGFRβ by co-immunoprecipitation. Visualizing fluorescently labeled sPDGFRβ transcripts revealed a spatial distribution corresponding to murine brain pericytes alongside cerebrovascular endothelium. Soluble PDGFRβ protein was detected throughout the brain parenchyma in distinct regions, such as along the lateral ventricles, with signals also found more broadly adjacent to cerebral microvessels consistent with pericyte labeling. To better understand how sPDGFRβ variants might be regulated, we found elevated transcript and protein levels in the murine brain with age, and acute hypoxia increased sPDGFRβ variant transcripts in a cell-based model of intact vessels. Our findings indicate that soluble isoforms of PDGFRβ likely arise from pre-mRNA alternative splicing, in addition to enzymatic cleavage mechanisms, and these variants exist under normal physiological conditions. Follow-on studies will be needed to establish potential roles for sPDGFRβ in regulating PDGF-BB signaling to maintain pericyte quiescence, BBB integrity, and cerebral perfusion-critical processes underlying neuronal health and function, and in turn, memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Hanaa Abdelazim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Maruf Hoque
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Audra Barnes
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zuzana Mironovova
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Caroline E. Willi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Clifton Houk
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Meghan W. Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Scott R. Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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15
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Garrison AT, Bignold RE, Wu X, Johnson JR. Pericytes: The lung-forgotten cell type. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150028. [PMID: 37035669 PMCID: PMC10076600 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal cells located on the abluminal surface of microvessels, where they provide structural and biochemical support. Pericytes have been implicated in numerous lung diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and allergic asthma due to their ability to differentiate into scar-forming myofibroblasts, leading to collagen deposition and matrix remodelling and thus driving tissue fibrosis. Pericyte-extracellular matrix interactions as well as other biochemical cues play crucial roles in these processes. In this review, we give an overview of lung pericytes, the key pro-fibrotic mediators they interact with, and detail recent advances in preclinical studies on how pericytes are disrupted and contribute to lung diseases including PAH, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several recent studies using mouse models of PAH have demonstrated that pericytes contribute to these pathological events; efforts are currently underway to mitigate pericyte dysfunction in PAH by targeting the TGF-β, CXCR7, and CXCR4 signalling pathways. In allergic asthma, the dissociation of pericytes from the endothelium of blood vessels and their migration towards inflamed areas of the airway contribute to the characteristic airway remodelling observed in allergic asthma. Although several factors have been suggested to influence this migration such as TGF-β, IL-4, IL-13, and periostin, recent evidence points to the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway as a potential therapeutic target. Pericytes might also play an essential role in lung dysfunction in response to ageing, as they are responsive to environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants, which are the main drivers of COPD. However, there is currently no direct evidence delineating the contribution of pericytes to COPD pathology. Although there is a lack of human clinical data, the recent available evidence derived from in vitro and animal-based models shows that pericytes play important roles in the initiation and maintenance of chronic lung diseases and are amenable to pharmacological interventions. Therefore, further studies in this field are required to elucidate if targeting pericytes can treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise T. Garrison
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Bignold
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xinhui Wu
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jill R. Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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16
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Payne LB, Abdelazim H, Hoque M, Barnes A, Mironovova Z, Willi CE, Darden J, Jenkins-Houk C, Sedovy MW, Johnstone SR, Chappell JC. A Soluble Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Originates via Pre-mRNA Splicing in the Healthy Brain and is Differentially Regulated during Hypoxia and Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527005. [PMID: 36778261 PMCID: PMC9915746 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) pathway provides critical regulation of cerebrovascular pericytes, orchestrating their investment and retention within the brain microcirculation. Dysregulated PDGF Receptor-beta (PDGFRβ) signaling can lead to pericyte defects that compromise blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and cerebral perfusion, impairing neuronal activity and viability, which fuels cognitive and memory deficits. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) like PDGF-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) are often modulated by soluble isoforms of cognate receptors that establish signaling activity within a physiological range. Soluble PDGFRβ (sPDGFRβ) isoforms have been reported to form by enzymatic cleavage from cerebrovascular mural cells, and pericytes in particular, largely under pathological conditions. However, pre-mRNA alternative splicing has not been widely explored as a possible mechanism for generating sPDGFRβ variants, and specifically during tissue homeostasis. Here, we found sPDGFRβ protein in the murine brain and other tissues under normal, physiological conditions. Utilizing brain samples for follow-on analysis, we identified mRNA sequences corresponding to sPDGFRβ isoforms, which facilitated construction of predicted protein structures and related amino acid sequences. Human cell lines yielded comparable sequences and protein model predictions. Retention of ligand binding capacity was confirmed for sPDGFRβ by co-immunoprecipitation. Visualizing fluorescently labeled sPDGFRβ transcripts revealed a spatial distribution corresponding to murine brain pericytes alongside cerebrovascular endothelium. Soluble PDGFRβ protein was detected throughout the brain parenchyma in distinct regions such as along the lateral ventricles, with signals also found more broadly adjacent to cerebral microvessels consistent with pericyte labeling. To better understand how sPDGFRβ variants might be regulated, we found elevated transcript and protein levels in the murine brain with age, and acute hypoxia increased sPDGFRβ variant transcripts in a cell-based model of intact vessels. Our findings indicate that soluble isoforms of PDGFRβ likely arise from pre-mRNA alternative splicing, in addition to enzymatic cleavage mechanisms, and these variants exist under normal physiological conditions. Follow-on studies will be needed to establish potential roles for sPDGFRβ in regulating PDGF-BB signaling to maintain pericyte quiescence, BBB integrity, and cerebral perfusion - critical processes underlying neuronal health and function, and in turn memory and cognition.
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17
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Song MJ, Quinn R, Nguyen E, Hampton C, Sharma R, Park TS, Koster C, Voss T, Tristan C, Weber C, Singh A, Dejene R, Bose D, Chen YC, Derr P, Derr K, Michael S, Barone F, Chen G, Boehm M, Maminishkis A, Singec I, Ferrer M, Bharti K. Bioprinted 3D outer retina barrier uncovers RPE-dependent choroidal phenotype in advanced macular degeneration. Nat Methods 2023; 20:149-161. [PMID: 36550275 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, initiates in the outer-blood-retina-barrier (oBRB) formed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris. The mechanisms of AMD initiation and progression remain poorly understood owing to the lack of physiologically relevant human oBRB models. To this end, we engineered a native-like three-dimensional (3D) oBRB tissue (3D-oBRB) by bioprinting endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts on the basal side of a biodegradable scaffold and establishing an RPE monolayer on top. In this 3D-oBRB model, a fully-polarized RPE monolayer provides barrier resistance, induces choriocapillaris fenestration, and supports the formation of Bruch's-membrane-like structure by inducing changes in gene expression in cells of the choroid. Complement activation in the 3D-oBRB triggers dry AMD phenotypes (including subRPE lipid-rich deposits called drusen and choriocapillaris degeneration), and HIF-α stabilization or STAT3 overactivation induce choriocapillaris neovascularization and type-I wet AMD phenotype. The 3D-oBRB provides a physiologically relevant model to studying RPE-choriocapillaris interactions under healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Song
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Russ Quinn
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Eric Nguyen
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Ruchi Sharma
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Tea Soon Park
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Céline Koster
- Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam, Section of Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ty Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Carlos Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Claire Weber
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Anju Singh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Roba Dejene
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Devika Bose
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Paige Derr
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kristy Derr
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Francesca Barone
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Guibin Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ilyas Singec
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
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18
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Abdelazim H, Payne LB, Nolan K, Paralkar K, Bradley V, Kanodia R, Gude R, Ward R, Monavarfeshani A, Fox MA, Chappell JC. Pericyte heterogeneity identified by 3D ultrastructural analysis of the microvessel wall. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1016382. [PMID: 36589416 PMCID: PMC9800988 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1016382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confident identification of pericytes (PCs) remains an obstacle in the field, as a single molecular marker for these unique perivascular cells remains elusive. Adding to this challenge is the recent appreciation that PC populations may be heterogeneous, displaying a range of morphologies within capillary networks. We found additional support on the ultrastructural level for the classification of these PC subtypes-"thin-strand" (TSP), mesh (MP), and ensheathing (EP)-based on distinct morphological characteristics. Interestingly, we also found several examples of another cell type, likely a vascular smooth muscle cell, in a medial layer between endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) harboring characteristics of the ensheathing type. A conserved feature across the different PC subtypes was the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the vascular unit and distributed in between neighboring cells. The thickness of this vascular basement membrane was remarkably consistent depending on its location, but never strayed beyond a range of 150-300 nm unless thinned to facilitate closer proximity of neighboring cells (suggesting direct contact). The density of PC-EC contact points ("peg-and-socket" structures) was another distinguishing feature across the different PC subtypes, as were the apparent contact locations between vascular cells and brain parenchymal cells. In addition to this thinning, the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding EPs displayed another unique configuration in the form of extensions that emitted out radially into the surrounding parenchyma. Knowledge of the origin and function of these structures is still emerging, but their appearance suggests the potential for being mechanical elements and/or perhaps signaling nodes via embedded molecular cues. Overall, this unique ultrastructural perspective provides new insights into PC heterogeneity and the presence of medial cells within the microvessel wall, the consideration of extracellular matrix (ECM) coverage as another PC identification criteria, and unique extracellular matrix (ECM) configurations (i.e., radial extensions) that may reveal additional aspects of PC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Abdelazim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Laura Beth Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kyle Nolan
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Karan Paralkar
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Vanessa Bradley
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Ronak Kanodia
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Rosalie Gude
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Rachael Ward
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Aboozar Monavarfeshani
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Michael A. Fox
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Neurobiology, Roanoke, VA, United States,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John C. Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,*Correspondence: John C. Chappell,
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19
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Dabravolski SA, Markin AM, Andreeva ER, Eremin II, Orekhov AN, Melnichenko AA. Emerging role of pericytes in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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The GPI-Anchored Protein Thy-1/CD90 Promotes Wound Healing upon Injury to the Skin by Enhancing Skin Perfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012539. [PMID: 36293394 PMCID: PMC9603913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly regulated multi-step process that involves a plethora of signals. Blood perfusion is crucial in wound healing and abnormalities in the formation of new blood vessels define the outcome of the wound healing process. Thy-1 has been implicated in angiogenesis and silencing of the Thy-1 gene retards the wound healing process. However, the role of Thy-1 in blood perfusion during wound closure remains unclear. We proposed that Thy-1 regulates vascular perfusion, affecting the healing rate in mouse skin. We analyzed the time of recovery, blood perfusion using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging, and tissue morphology from images acquired with a Nanozoomer tissue scanner. The latter was assessed in a tissue sample taken with a biopsy punch on several days during the wound healing process. Results obtained with the Thy-1 knockout (Thy-1−/−) mice were compared with control mice. Thy-1−/− mice showed at day seven, a delayed re-epithelialization, increased micro- to macro-circulation ratio, and lower blood perfusion in the wound area. In addition, skin morphology displayed a flatter epidermis, fewer ridges, and almost no stratum granulosum or corneum, while the dermis was thicker, showing more fibroblasts and fewer lymphocytes. Our results suggest a critical role for Thy-1 in wound healing, particularly in vascular dynamics.
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21
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Wei WJ, Wang YC, Guan X, Chen WG, Liu J. A neurovascular unit-on-a-chip: culture and differentiation of human neural stem cells in a three-dimensional microfluidic environment. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2260-2266. [PMID: 35259847 PMCID: PMC9083144 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.337050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological studies typically rely on a simple monolayer cell culture, which does not reflect the complex functional characteristics of human tissues and organs, or their real response to external stimuli. Microfluidic technology has advantages of high-throughput screening, accurate control of the fluid velocity, low cell consumption, long-term culture, and high integration. By combining the multipotential differentiation of neural stem cells with high throughput and the integrated characteristics of microfluidic technology, an in vitro model of a functionalized neurovascular unit was established using human neural stem cell-derived neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and a functional microvascular barrier. The model comprises a multi-layer vertical neural module and vascular module, both of which were connected with a syringe pump. This provides controllable conditions for cell inoculation and nutrient supply, and simultaneously simulates the process of ischemic/hypoxic injury and the process of inflammatory factors in the circulatory system passing through the blood-brain barrier and then acting on the nerve tissue in the brain. The in vitro functionalized neurovascular unit model will be conducive to central nervous system disease research, drug screening, and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wei
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya-Chen Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Gong Chen
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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22
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathological and Therapeutic Roles of Pericytes in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911663. [PMID: 36232962 PMCID: PMC9570222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells playing an active role in angiogenesis, vessel stabilisation, maturation, remodelling, blood flow regulation and are able to trans-differentiate into other cells of the mesenchymal lineage. In this review, we summarised recent data demonstrating that pericytes play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis (AS). Pericytes are involved in lipid accumulation, inflammation, growth, and vascularization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Decreased pericyte coverage, endothelial and pericyte dysfunction is associated with intraplaque angiogenesis and haemorrhage, calcification and cholesterol clefts deposition. At the same time, pericytes can be used as a novel therapeutic target to promote vessel maturity and stability, thus reducing plaque vulnerability. Finally, we discuss recent studies exploring effective AS treatments with pericyte-mediated anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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23
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Wintruba KL, Hill JC, Richards TD, Lee YC, Kaczorowski DJ, Sultan I, Badylak SF, Billaud M, Gleason TG, Phillippi JA. Adventitia-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances contractility of human vasa vasorum-derived pericytes via α 2 β 1 integrin and TGFβ receptor. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1912-1920. [PMID: 35770946 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are essential components of small blood vessels and are found in human aortic vasa vasorum. Prior work uncovered lower vasa vasorum density and decreased levels of pro-angiogenic growth factors in adventitial specimens of human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. We hypothesized that adventitial extracellular matrix (ECM) from normal aorta promotes pericyte function by increasing pericyte contractile function through mechanisms deficient in ECM derived from aneurysmal aortic adventitia. ECM biomaterials were prepared as lyophilized particulates from decellularized adventitial specimens of human and porcine aorta. Immortalized human aortic adventitia-derived pericytes were cultured within Type I collagen gels in the presence or absence of human or porcine adventitial ECMs. Cell contractility index was quantified by measuring the gel area immediately following gelation and after 48 h of culture. Normal human and porcine adventitial ECM increased contractility of pericytes when compared with pericytes cultured in absence of adventitial ECM. In contrast, aneurysm-derived human adventitial ECM failed to promote pericyte contractility. Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβR1 and antibody blockade of α2 β1 integrin independently decreased porcine adventitial ECM-induced pericyte contractility. By increasing pericyte contractility, adventitial ECM may improve microvascular function and thus represents a candidate biomaterial for less invasive and preventative treatment of human ascending aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn L Wintruba
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer C Hill
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tara D Richards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoojin C Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Kaczorowski
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas G Gleason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie A Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Yonezu Y, Tanabe S, Misawa H, Muramatsu R. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates pericyte migration via LPA receptor 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:61-66. [PMID: 35716596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive compound known to regulate various vascular functions. However, despite the fact that many vascular functions are regulated by peri-vascular cells such as pericytes, the effect of LPA on brain pericytes has not been fully evaluated. Thus, we designed this study to evaluate the effects of LPA on brain pericytes. These experiments revealed that while LPA receptors (LPARs) are expressed in cultured pericytes from mouse brains, LPA treatment does not influence the proliferation of these cells but does have a profound impact on their migration, which is regulated via the expression of LPAR1. LPAR1 expression was also detected in human pericyte culture and LPA treatment of these cells also induced migration. Taken together these findings imply that LPA-LPAR1 signaling is one of the key mechanisms modulating pericyte migration, which may help to control vascular function during development and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Yonezu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, 187-8502, Japan.
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25
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Ma X, Chen Y, Mo C, Li L, Nong S, Gui C. The role of circRNAs in the regulation of myocardial angiogenesis in coronary heart disease. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104362. [PMID: 35337818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia, timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct area and the overall loss of cardiac contractile function. New treatment strategies need to be developed for patients who are neither able to receive interventional treatment nor suitable for surgical blood transport reconstruction surgery. Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising approach that can be used to guide new treatment strategies. The goal of these therapies is to form new blood vessels or promote the maturation of existing vasculature systems, bypassing blocked arteries to maintain organ perfusion, thereby relieving symptoms and preventing the remodeling of bad organs. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been attracted much attention for their roles in various physiological and pathological processes. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, especially circRNAs, play an important role in the regulation of cardiomyopathy angiogenesis due to its diversity of functions. Therefore, this article reviews the role and mechanisms of circRNA in myocardial angiogenesis to better understand the role of circRNAs in myocardial angiogenesis, which may provide useful insights and new revelations for the research field of identifying diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Changhua Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Longcang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Shuxiong Nong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University&Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China..
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26
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Kochetkova M, Samuel MS. Differentiation of the tumor microenvironment: are CAFs the Organizer? Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:285-294. [PMID: 34895986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers contain a suite of genetically stable cells within an extracellular matrix, collectively termed the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME strongly influences disease outcome for patients. Gleaning clues from the literature, we propose that the TME should be viewed not as disparate populations of cells constituting a pathological lesion, but as a cohesive tissue constituting a novel pathological organ, arising from the coordinated differentiation of its constituent cell types - a process we have termed tumor-associated neodifferentiation (TAND). We also discuss why cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may assume the role of Organizer of this organ, directing the recruitment and differentiation of cells within the TME. Viewing the microenvironment in this way will reveal new cancer vulnerabilities that may be exploited for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kochetkova
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Susithiran Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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27
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Elorza Ridaura I, Sorrentino S, Moroni L. Parallels between the Developing Vascular and Neural Systems: Signaling Pathways and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101837. [PMID: 34693660 PMCID: PMC8655224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular disorders, which involve the vascular and nervous systems, are common. Research on such disorders usually focuses on either vascular or nervous components, without looking at how they interact. Adopting a neurovascular perspective is essential to improve current treatments. Therefore, comparing molecular processes known to be involved in both systems separately can provide insight into promising areas of future research. Since development and regeneration share many mechanisms, comparing signaling molecules involved in both the developing vascular and nervous systems and shedding light to those that they have in common can reveal processes, which have not yet been studied from a regenerative perspective, yet hold great potential. Hence, this review discusses and compares processes involved in the development of the vascular and nervous systems, in order to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms, which are most promising with regards to treatment for neurovascular disorders. Vascular endothelial growth factor, semaphorins, and ephrins are found to hold the most potential, while fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenic protein, slits, and sonic hedgehog are shown to participate in both the developing vascular and nervous systems, yet have not been studied at the neurovascular level, therefore being of special interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Elorza Ridaura
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Sorrentino
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
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28
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The RhoGEF Trio: A Protein with a Wide Range of Functions in the Vascular Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810168. [PMID: 34576329 PMCID: PMC8467920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are controlled by small GTPases, which can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The RhoGEF Trio contains two GEF domains that differentially activate the small GTPases such as Rac1/RhoG and RhoA. These small RhoGTPases are mainly involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In the endothelium, they regulate junctional stabilization and play a crucial role in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity. Multiple extracellular signals originating from different vascular processes can influence the activity of Trio and thereby the regulation of the forementioned small GTPases and actin cytoskeleton. This review elucidates how various signals regulate Trio in a distinct manner, resulting in different functional outcomes that are crucial for endothelial cell function in response to inflammation.
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29
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Abstract
The distribution of blood throughout the brain is facilitated by highly interconnected capillary networks. However, the steps involved in the construction of these networks has remained unclear. We used in vivo two-photon imaging through noninvasive cranial windows to study the engineering of capillary networks in the cerebral cortex of mouse neonates. We find that angiogenic activity originates at ascending venules, which undergo a burst of sprouting in the second postnatal week. This sprouting activity first establishes long paths to connect venules to blood input from neighboring arterioles, and then expands capillary interconnectivity with a multitude of short-range connections. Our study provides an experimental foundation to understand how capillary networks are shaped in the living mammalian brain during postnatal development. Capillary networks are essential for distribution of blood flow through the brain, and numerous other homeostatic functions, including neurovascular signal conduction and blood–brain barrier integrity. Accordingly, the impairment of capillary architecture and function lies at the root of many brain diseases. Visualizing how brain capillary networks develop in vivo can reveal innate programs for cerebrovascular growth and repair. Here, we use longitudinal two-photon imaging through noninvasive thinned skull windows to study a burst of angiogenic activity during cerebrovascular development in mouse neonates. We find that angiogenesis leading to the formation of capillary networks originated exclusively from cortical ascending venules. Two angiogenic sprouting activities were observed: 1) early, long-range sprouts that directly connected venules to upstream arteriolar input, establishing the backbone of the capillary bed, and 2) short-range sprouts that contributed to expansion of anastomotic connectivity within the capillary bed. All nascent sprouts were prefabricated with an intact endothelial lumen and pericyte coverage, ensuring their immediate perfusion and stability upon connection to their target vessels. The bulk of this capillary expansion spanned only 2 to 3 d and contributed to an increase of blood flow during a critical period in cortical development.
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30
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Schott NG, Friend NE, Stegemann JP. Coupling Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis in Engineered Orthopedic Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2021; 27:199-214. [PMID: 32854589 PMCID: PMC8349721 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate vascularization of engineered tissue constructs is a main challenge in developing a clinically impactful therapy for large, complex, and recalcitrant bone defects. It is well established that bone and blood vessels form concomitantly during development, as well as during repair after injury. Endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to be key players in orthopedic tissue regeneration and vascularization, and these cell types have been used widely in tissue engineering strategies to create vascularized bone. Coculture studies have demonstrated that there is crosstalk between ECs and MSCs that can lead to synergistic effects on tissue regeneration. At the same time, the complexity in fabricating, culturing, and characterizing engineered tissue constructs containing multiple cell types presents a challenge in creating multifunctional tissues. In particular, the timing, spatial distribution, and cell phenotypes that are most conducive to promoting concurrent bone and vessel formation are not well understood. This review describes the processes of bone and vascular development, and how these have been harnessed in tissue engineering strategies to create vascularized bone. There is an emphasis on interactions between ECs and MSCs, and the culture systems that can be used to understand and control these interactions within a single engineered construct. Developmental engineering strategies to mimic endochondral ossification are discussed as a means of generating vascularized orthopedic tissues. The field of tissue engineering has made impressive progress in creating tissue replacements. However, the development of larger, more complex, and multifunctional engineered orthopedic tissues will require a better understanding of how osteogenesis and vasculogenesis are coupled in tissue regeneration. Impact statement Vascularization of large engineered tissue volumes remains a challenge in developing new and more biologically functional bone grafts. A better understanding of how blood vessels develop during bone formation and regeneration is needed. This knowledge can then be applied to develop new strategies for promoting both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis during the creation of engineered orthopedic tissues. This article summarizes the processes of bone and blood vessel development, with a focus on how endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells interact to form vascularized bone both during development and growth, as well as tissue healing. It is meant as a resource for tissue engineers who are interested in creating vascularized tissue, and in particular to those developing cell-based therapies for large, complex, and recalcitrant bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Schott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole E. Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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31
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Dessalles CA, Babataheri A, Barakat AI. Pericyte mechanics and mechanobiology. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/6/jcs240226. [PMID: 33753399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mural cells of the microvasculature, recognized by their thin processes and protruding cell body. Pericytes wrap around endothelial cells and play a central role in regulating various endothelial functions, including angiogenesis and inflammation. They also serve as a vascular support and regulate blood flow by contraction. Prior reviews have examined pericyte biological functions and biochemical signaling pathways. In this Review, we focus on the role of mechanics and mechanobiology in regulating pericyte function. After an overview of the morphology and structure of pericytes, we describe their interactions with both the basement membrane and endothelial cells. We then turn our attention to biophysical considerations, and describe contractile forces generated by pericytes, mechanical forces exerted on pericytes, and pericyte responses to these forces. Finally, we discuss 2D and 3D engineered in vitro models for studying pericyte mechano-responsiveness and underscore the need for more evolved models that provide improved understanding of pericyte function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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32
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Payne LB, Darden J, Suarez-Martinez AD, Zhao H, Hendricks A, Hartland C, Chong D, Kushner EJ, Murfee WL, Chappell JC. Pericyte migration and proliferation are tightly synchronized to endothelial cell sprouting dynamics. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 13:31-43. [PMID: 33515222 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are critical for microvascular stability and maintenance, among other important physiological functions, yet their involvement in vessel formation processes remains poorly understood. To gain insight into pericyte behaviors during vascular remodeling, we developed two complementary tissue explant models utilizing 'double reporter' animals with fluorescently-labeled pericytes and endothelial cells (via Ng2:DsRed and Flk-1:eGFP genes, respectively). Time-lapse confocal imaging of active vessel remodeling within adult connective tissues and embryonic skin revealed a subset of pericytes detaching and migrating away from the vessel wall. Vessel-associated pericytes displayed rapid filopodial sampling near sprouting endothelial cells that emerged from parent vessels to form nascent branches. Pericytes near angiogenic sprouts were also more migratory, initiating persistent and directional movement along newly forming vessels. Pericyte cell divisions coincided more frequently with elongating endothelial sprouts, rather than sprout initiation sites, an observation confirmed with in vivo data from the developing mouse brain. Taken together, these data suggest that (i) pericyte detachment from the vessel wall may represent an important physiological process to enhance endothelial cell plasticity during vascular remodeling, and (ii) pericyte migration and proliferation are highly synchronized with endothelial cell behaviors during the coordinated expansion of a vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ariana D Suarez-Martinez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alissa Hendricks
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Caitlin Hartland
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
| | - Diana Chong
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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33
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Vilela MA, Amaral CE, Ferreira MAT. Retinal vascular tortuosity: Mechanisms and measurements. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:1497-1506. [PMID: 33307777 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120979907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vessel tortuosity has been used in the diagnosis and management of different clinical situations. Notwithstanding, basic concepts, standards and tools of measurement, reliable normative data and clinical applications have many gaps or points of divergence. In this review we discuss triggering causes of retinal vessel tortuosity and resources used to assess and quantify it, as well as current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ap Vilela
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ev Amaral
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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34
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Abstract
Purpose of review Pericytes are essential components of capillaries in many tissues and organs, contributing to vessel stability and integrity, with additional contributions to microvascular function still being discovered. We review current and foundational studies identifying pericyte differentiation mechanics and their roles in the earliest stages of vessel formation. Recent findings Recent advances in pericyte-focused tools and models have illuminated critical aspects of pericyte biology including their roles in vascular development.Pericytes likely collaborate with endothelial cells undergoing vasculogenesis, initiating direct interactions during sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis. Pericytes also provide important regulation of vascular growth including mechanisms underlying vessel pruning, rarefaction, and subsequent regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Maruf Hoque
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Clifton Houk
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Previous Affiliations
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Previous Affiliations
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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35
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Wilton DK, Stevens B. The contribution of glial cells to Huntington's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104963. [PMID: 32593752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play critical roles in the normal development and function of neural circuits, but in many neurodegenerative diseases, they become dysregulated and may contribute to the development of brain pathology. In Huntington's disease (HD), glial cells both lose normal functions and gain neuropathic phenotypes. In addition, cell-autonomous dysfunction elicited by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) expression in specific glial cell types is sufficient to induce both pathology and Huntington's disease-related impairments in motor and cognitive performance, suggesting that these cells may drive the development of certain aspects of Huntington's disease pathogenesis. In support of this imaging studies in pre-symptomatic HD patients and work on mouse models have suggested that glial cell dysfunction occurs at a very early stage of the disease, prior to the onset of motor and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, selectively ablating mHTT from specific glial cells or correcting for HD-induced changes in their transcriptional profile rescues some HD-related phenotypes, demonstrating the potential of targeting these cells for therapeutic intervention. Here we review emerging research focused on understanding the involvement of different glial cell types in specific aspects of HD pathogenesis. This work is providing new insight into how HD impacts biological functions of glial cells in the healthy brain as well as how HD induced dysfunction in these cells might change the way they integrate into biological circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Wilton
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Stanley Center, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Butcher JT, Murfee WL, Stapleton PA. Emerging topics in microvascular research: Advancing our understanding by interdisciplinary exploration. Microcirculation 2020; 26:e12558. [PMID: 31090984 PMCID: PMC6916537 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Historically, major advances in microvascular research have been made by integrating physiology and bioengineering approaches. This Special Topics Issue focuses on providing a spotlight on emerging areas of microvascular research, showcasing how interdisciplinary collaborations and application of novel techniques can impact our understanding of tissue‐specific microvascular remodeling by integrating cell behaviors across scales. The authors in this issue investigate pericyte physiology, perturbations to uteroplacental blood flow, bone microvascular alterations in aging, molecular markers of revascularization, and microfluidic devices to mimic the lymphatic system. The articles highlight the continued importance of expanding our understanding of the microvascular system in health, and disease extends microvascular boundaries in the face of current paradigms, and illustrates how emerging leaders in the field are creating new scientific niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Butcher
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgia
| | - Walter L. Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Phoebe A. Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyErnest Mario School of PharmacyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew Jersey
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences InstituteRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew Jersey
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37
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Hong JM, Hu YD, Chai XQ, Tang CL. Role of activin receptor-like kinase 1 in vascular development and cerebrovascular diseases. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1807-1813. [PMID: 32246621 PMCID: PMC7513971 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor superfamily. ALK1 is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells, and its dynamic changes are closely related to the proliferation of endothelial cells, the recruitment of pericytes to blood vessels, and functional differentiation during embryonic vascular development. The pathophysiology of many cerebrovascular diseases is today understood as a disorder of endothelial cell function and an imbalance in the proportion of vascular cells. Indeed, mutations in ALK1 and its co-receptor endoglin are major genetic risk factors for vascular arteriovenous malformation. Many studies have shown that ALK1 is closely related to the development of cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and cerebral atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe the various roles of ALK1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and in the maintenance of cerebral vascular homeostasis, and we discuss its relationship to functional dysregulation in cerebrovascular diseases. This review should provide new perspectives for basic research on cerebrovascular diseases and offer more effective targets and strategies for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mou Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Da Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao-Liang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Coelho‐Santos V, Shih AY. Postnatal development of cerebrovascular structure and the neurogliovascular unit. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e363. [PMID: 31576670 PMCID: PMC7027551 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The unceasing metabolic demands of brain function are supported by an intricate three-dimensional network of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, designed to effectively distribute blood to all neurons and to provide shelter from harmful molecules in the blood. The development and maturation of this microvasculature involves a complex interplay between endothelial cells with nearly all other brain cell types (pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons), orchestrated throughout embryogenesis and the first few weeks after birth in mice. Both the expansion and regression of vascular networks occur during the postnatal period of cerebrovascular remodeling. Pial vascular networks on the brain surface are dense at birth and are then selectively pruned during the postnatal period, with the most dramatic changes occurring in the pial venular network. This is contrasted to an expansion of subsurface capillary networks through the induction of angiogenesis. Concurrent with changes in vascular structure, the integration and cross talk of neurovascular cells lead to establishment of blood-brain barrier integrity and neurovascular coupling to ensure precise control of macromolecular passage and metabolic supply. While we still possess a limited understanding of the rules that control cerebrovascular development, we can begin to assemble a view of how this complex process evolves, as well as identify gaps in knowledge for the next steps of research. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho‐Santos
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashington
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Andy Y. Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashington
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
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Ota T, Komiyama M. Pathogenesis of non-hereditary brain arteriovenous malformation and therapeutic implications. Interv Neuroradiol 2020; 26:244-253. [PMID: 32024399 DOI: 10.1177/1591019920901931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations have a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, which is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Although a variety of genetic factors leading to hereditary brain arteriovenous malformations have been extensively investigated, their pathogenesis is still not well elucidated, especially in sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. The authors have reviewed the updated data of not only the genetic aspects of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations, but also the architecture of microvasculature, the roles of the angiogenic factors, and the signaling pathways. This knowledge may allow us to infer the pathogenesis of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations and develop pre-emptive treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Komiyama
- Department of Neurointervention, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Bordenave J, Tu L, Berrebeh N, Thuillet R, Cumont A, Le Vely B, Fadel E, Nadaud S, Savale L, Humbert M, Huertas A, Guignabert C. Lineage Tracing Reveals the Dynamic Contribution of Pericytes to the Blood Vessel Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:766-782. [PMID: 31969018 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive accumulation of resident cells within the pulmonary vascular wall represents the hallmark feature of the remodeling occurring in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that pulmonary arterioles are excessively covered by pericytes in PAH, but this process is not fully understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the dynamic contribution of pericytes in PAH vascular remodeling. Approach and Results: In this study, we performed in situ, in vivo, and in vitro experiments. We isolated primary cultures of human pericytes from controls and PAH lung specimens then performed functional studies (cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation). In addition, to follow up pericyte number and fate, a genetic fate-mapping approach was used with an NG2CreER;mT/mG transgenic mice in a model of pulmonary arteriole muscularization occurring during chronic hypoxia. We identified phenotypic and functional abnormalities of PAH pericytes in vitro, as they overexpress CXCR (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor)-7 and TGF (transforming growth factor)-βRII and, thereby, display a higher capacity to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells than controls. In an in vivo model of chronic hypoxia, we found an early increase in pericyte number in a CXCL (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand)-12-dependent manner whereas later, from day 7, activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway induces pericytes to differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a pivotal role of pulmonary pericytes in PAH and identify CXCR-7 and TGF-βRII as 2 intrinsic abnormalities in these resident progenitor vascular cells that foster the onset and maintenance of PAH structural changes in blood lung vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bordenave
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Ly Tu
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Nihel Berrebeh
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Amélie Cumont
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Benjamin Le Vely
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Elie Fadel
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Facultê de mêdecine Pitiê Salpêtriêre, Paris, France (S.N.)
| | - Laurent Savale
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., M.H., A.H.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., M.H., A.H.)
| | - Alice Huertas
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., M.H., A.H.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.).,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (J.B., L.T., N.B., R.T., A.C., B.L.V., E.F., L.S., M.H., A.H., C.G.)
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