1
|
Kim J, Yeon GH, Kim MJ, Bae JH, Sohn JH, Sung BH. Systems Metabolic Engineering to Elucidate and Enhance Intestinal Metabolic Activities of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39087623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is one of the most widely used probiotics to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, many studies have engineered EcN to release therapeutic proteins to treat specific diseases. However, because EcN exhibits intestinal metabolic activities, it is difficult to predict outcomes after administration. In silico and fermentation profiles revealed mucin metabolism of EcN. Multiomics revealed that fucose metabolism contributes to the intestinal colonization of EcN by enhancing the synthesis of flagella and nutrient uptake. The multiomics results also revealed that excessive intracellular trehalose synthesis in EcN, which is responsible for galactose metabolism, acts as a metabolic bottleneck, adversely affecting growth. To improve the ability of EcN to metabolize galactose, otsAB genes for trehalose synthesis were deleted, resulting in the ΔotsAB strain; the ΔotsAB strain exhibited a 1.47-fold increase in the growth rate and a 1.37-fold increase in the substrate consumption rate relative to wild-type EcN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwi Yeon
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sinha R, LeVeque RM, Callahan SM, Chatterjee S, Stopnisek N, Kuipel M, Johnson JG, DiRita VJ. Gut metabolite L-lactate supports Campylobacter jejuni population expansion during acute infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316540120. [PMID: 38170751 PMCID: PMC10786315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316540120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
How the microaerobic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni establishes its niche and expands in the gut lumen during infection is poorly understood. Using 6-wk-old ferrets as a natural disease model, we examined this aspect of C. jejuni pathogenicity. Unlike mice, which require significant genetic or physiological manipulation to become colonized with C. jejuni, ferrets are readily infected without the need to disarm the immune system or alter the gut microbiota. Disease after C. jejuni infection in ferrets reflects closely how human C. jejuni infection proceeds. Rapid growth of C. jejuni and associated intestinal inflammation was observed within 2 to 3 d of infection. We observed pathophysiological changes that were noted by cryptic hyperplasia through the induction of tissue repair systems, accumulation of undifferentiated amplifying cells on the colon surface, and instability of HIF-1α in colonocytes, which indicated increased epithelial oxygenation. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that lactate levels in colon content were elevated in infected animals. A C. jejuni mutant lacking lctP, which encodes an L-lactate transporter, was significantly decreased for colonization during infection. Lactate also influences adhesion and invasion by C. jejuni to a colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116). The oxygenation required for expression of lactate transporter (lctP) led to identification of a putative thiol-based redox switch regulator (LctR) that may repress lctP transcription under anaerobic conditions. Our work provides better insights into the pathogenicity of C. jejuni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Sinha
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Rhiannon M. LeVeque
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Sean M. Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996
| | - Shramana Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Nejc Stopnisek
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Matti Kuipel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | | | - Victor J. DiRita
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou B, Garber JM, Vlach J, Azadi P, Ng KKS, Escalante-Semerena JC, Szymanski CM. Campylobacter jejuni uses energy taxis and a dehydrogenase enzyme for l-fucose chemotaxis. mBio 2023; 14:e0273223. [PMID: 38032212 PMCID: PMC10746189 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02732-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, we identify a separate role for the Campylobacter jejuni l-fucose dehydrogenase in l-fucose chemotaxis and demonstrate that this mechanism is not only limited to C. jejuni but is also present in Burkholderia multivorans. We now hypothesize that l-fucose energy taxis may contribute to the reduction of l-fucose-metabolizing strains of C. jejuni from the gastrointestinal tract of breastfed infants, selecting for isolates with increased colonization potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jolene M. Garber
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiri Vlach
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth K. S. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sinha R, LeVeque RM, Callahan SM, Chatterjee S, Stopnisek N, Kuipel M, Johnson JG, DiRita VJ. Gut metabolite L-lactate supports Campylobacter jejuni population expansion during acute infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560557. [PMID: 37873437 PMCID: PMC10592923 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
How the microaerobic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni establishes its niche and expands in the gut lumen during infection is poorly understood. Using six-week-old ferrets as a natural disease model, we examined this aspect of C. jejuni pathogenicity. Unlike mice, which require significant genetic or physiological manipulation to become colonized with C. jejuni , ferrets are readily infected without the need to disarm the immune system or alter the gut microbiota. Disease after C. jejuni infection in ferrets reflects closely how human C. jejuni infection proceeds. Rapid growth of C. jejuni and associated intestinal inflammation was observed within two-three days of infection. We observed pathophysiological changes that were noted by cryptic hyperplasia through the induction of tissue repair systems, accumulation of undifferentiated amplifying cells on the colon surface, and instability of HIF-1α in colonocytes, which indicated increased epithelial oxygenation. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that lactate levels in colon content were elevated in infected animals. A C. jejuni mutant lacking lctP , which encodes an L-lactate transporter, was significantly decreased for colonization during infection. Lactate also influences adhesion and invasion by C. jejuni to a colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116). The oxygenation required for expression of lactate transporter ( lctP ) led to discovery of a putative thiol based redox switch regulator (LctR) that may repress lctP transcription under anaerobic conditions. Our work provides new insights into the pathogenicity of C. jejuni . Significance There is a gap in knowledge about the mechanisms by which C. jejuni populations expand during infection. Using an animal model which accurately reflects human infection without the need to alter the host microbiome or the immune system prior to infection, we explored pathophysiological alterations of the gut after C. jejuni infection. Our study identified the gut metabolite L-lactate as playing an important role as a growth substrate for C. jejuni during acute infection. We identified a DNA binding protein, LctR, that binds to the lctP promoter and may repress lctP expression, resulting in decreased lactate transport under low oxygen levels. This work provides new insights about C. jejuni pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou B, Szymanski CM, Baylink A. Bacterial chemotaxis in human diseases. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:453-467. [PMID: 36411201 PMCID: PMC11238666 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To infect and cause disease, bacterial pathogens must localize to specific regions of the host where they possess the metabolic and defensive acumen for survival. Motile flagellated pathogens exercise control over their localization through chemotaxis to direct motility based on the landscape of exogenous nutrients, toxins, and molecular cues sensed within the host. Here, we review advances in understanding the roles chemotaxis plays in human diseases. Chemotaxis drives pathogen colonization to sites of inflammation and injury and mediates fitness advantages through accessing host-derived nutrients from damaged tissue. Injury tropism may worsen clinical outcomes through instigating chronic inflammation and subsequent cancer development. Inhibiting bacterial chemotactic systems could act synergistically with antibacterial medicines for more effective and specific eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Zhou
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- University of Georgia, Department of Microbiology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arden Baylink
- Washington State University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Structure and function of microbial α-l-fucosidases: a mini review. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:399-414. [PMID: 36805644 PMCID: PMC10154630 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Fucose is a monosaccharide commonly found in mammalian, insect, microbial and plant glycans. The removal of terminal α-l-fucosyl residues from oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is catalysed by α-l-fucosidases. To date, glycoside hydrolases (GHs) with exo-fucosidase activity on α-l-fucosylated substrates (EC 3.2.1.51, EC 3.2.1.-) have been reported in the GH29, GH95, GH139, GH141 and GH151 families of the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZy) database. Microbes generally encode several fucosidases in their genomes, often from more than one GH family, reflecting the high diversity of naturally occuring fucosylated structures they encounter. Functionally characterised microbial α-l-fucosidases have been shown to act on a range of substrates with α-1,2, α-1,3, α-1,4 or α-1,6 fucosylated linkages depending on the GH family and microorganism. Fucosidases show a modular organisation with catalytic domains of GH29 and GH151 displaying a (β/α)8-barrel fold while GH95 and GH141 show a (α/α)6 barrel and parallel β-helix fold, respectively. A number of crystal structures have been solved in complex with ligands, providing structural basis for their substrate specificity. Fucosidases can also be used in transglycosylation reactions to synthesise oligosaccharides. This mini review provides an overview of the enzymatic and structural properties of microbial α-l-fucosidases and some insights into their biological function and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Duan C, Hou L, Deng X, Wu J, Qian W, Han C, Hou X. Fucose ameliorates the proinflammatory property of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colitis via altering its metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1190602. [PMID: 37197204 PMCID: PMC10183584 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1190602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies reported that fucose plays a protective role in inhibiting pathogens. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) was recently found to promote the progression of colitis. However, the effects of fucose on Fn are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore whether fucose could ameliorate the proinflammatory property of Fn in colitis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods To validate our hypothesis, mice were administrated with Fn and fucose-treated Fn (Fnf) before dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment to establish Fn related colitis model. The metabolism variation of Fn was detected by metabolomic analysis. To verify the effects of bacterial metabolites on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), Caco-2 cells were treated with bacterial supernatant. Results More severe inflammation, intestinal barrier damage, autophagy block, and apoptosis in the colon were noted in DSS mice that were administrated with Fn or Fnf. However, the severity degree in Fnf+DSS group was less compared to Fn+DSS group. Metabolic pathways of Fn were altered after fucose treatment and proinflammatory metabolites were decreased. The supernatant of Fnf induced a lower level of inflammation than Fn in Caco-2 cells. One of the decreased metabolites, homocysteine thiolactone (HT), was proven to induce inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. Discussion In conclusion, fucose ameliorates the proinflammatory property of Fn via altering its metabolism and these findings provide evidence for the application of fucose as functional food or prebiotic in the treatment of Fn related colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihan Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingzhi Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- Hubei Center of Industrial Culture Collection and Research, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoqun Han, ; Xiaohua Hou,
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoqun Han, ; Xiaohua Hou,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deblais L, Jang H, Kauffman M, Gangiredla J, Sawyer M, Basa S, Poelstra JW, Babu US, Harrison LM, Hiett KL, Balan KV, Rajashekara G. Whole genome characterization of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from dairy manure in small specialty crop farms of Northeast Ohio. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1074548. [PMID: 37025625 PMCID: PMC10071015 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1074548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With more public interest in consuming locally grown produce, small specialty crop farms (SSCF) are a viable and growing segment of the food production chain in the United States. Methods The goal of this study was to investigate the genomic diversity of Campylobacter isolated from dairy manure (n = 69) collected from 10 SSCF in Northeast Ohio between 2018 and 2020. Results A total of 56 C. jejuni and 13 C. coli isolates were sequenced. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) identified 22 sequence types (STs), with ST-922 (18%) and ST-61 (13%) predominant in C. jejuni and ST-829 (62%) and ST-1068 (38%) predominant in C. coli. Interestingly, isolates with similar genomic and gene contents were detected within and between SSCF over time, suggesting that Campylobacter could be transmitted between farms and may persist in a given SSCF over time. Virulence-associated genes (n = 35) involved in the uptake and utilization of potassium and organic compounds (succinate, gluconate, oxoglutarate, and malate) were detected only in the C. jejuni isolates, while 45 genes associated with increased resistance to environmental stresses (capsule production, cell envelope integrity, and iron uptake) were detected only in the C. coli isolates. Campylobacter coli isolates were also sub-divided into two distinct clusters based on the presence of unique prophages (n = 21) or IncQ conjugative plasmid/type-IV secretion system genes (n = 15). Campylobacter coli isolates harbored genes associated with resistance to streptomycin (aadE-Cc; 54%) and quinolone (gyrA-T86I; 77%), while C. jejuni had resistance genes for kanamycin (aph3'-IIIa; 20%). Both species harbored resistance genes associated with β-lactam (especially, blaOXA-193; up to 100%) and tetracycline (tetO; up to 59%). Discussion/Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Campylobacter genome plasticity associated with conjugative transfer might provide resistance to certain antimicrobials and viral infections via the acquisition of protein-encoding genes involved in mechanisms such as ribosomal protection and capsule modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loic Deblais
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Hyein Jang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Mike Kauffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jayanthi Gangiredla
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Marianne Sawyer
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Saritha Basa
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Jelmer W. Poelstra
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Uma S. Babu
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M. Harrison
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Kelli L. Hiett
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Kannan V. Balan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Gireesh Rajashekara,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taha, Elgamoudi BA, Andrianova EP, Haselhorst T, Day CJ, Hartley-Tassell LE, King RM, Najnin T, Zhulin IB, Korolik V. Diverse Sensory Repertoire of Paralogous Chemoreceptors Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4 in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0364622. [PMID: 36374080 PMCID: PMC9769880 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni responds to extracellular stimuli via transducer-like chemoreceptors (Tlps). Here, we describe receptor-ligand interactions of a unique paralogue family of dCache_1 (double Calcium channels and chemotaxis) chemoreceptors: Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4 receptors may have arisen through domain duplications, followed by a divergent evolutionary drift, with Tlp3 emerging more recently, and unexpectedly, responded to glycans, as well as multiple organic and amino acids with overlapping specificities. All three Tlps interacted with five monosaccharides and complex glycans, including Lewis's antigens, P antigens, and fucosyl GM1 ganglioside, indicating a potential role in host-pathogen interactions. Analysis of chemotactic motility of single, double, and triple mutants indicated that these chemoreceptors are likely to work together to balance responses to attractants and repellents to modulate chemotaxis in C. jejuni. Molecular docking experiments, in combination with saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and competition surface plasmon resonance analysis, illustrated that the ligand-binding domain of Tlp3 possess one major binding pocket with two overlapping, but distinct binding sites able to interact with multiple ligands. A diverse sensory repertoire could provide C. jejuni with the ability to modulate responses to attractant and repellent signals and allow for adaptation in host-pathogen interactions. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni responds to extracellular stimuli via transducer-like chemoreceptors (Tlps). This remarkable sensory perception mechanism allows bacteria to sense environmental changes and avoid unfavorable conditions or to maneuver toward nutrient sources and host cells. Here, we describe receptor-ligand interactions of a unique paralogue family of chemoreceptors, Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4, that may have arisen through domain duplications, followed by a divergent evolutionary drift, with Tlp3 emerging more recently. Unlike previous reports of ligands interacting with sensory proteins, Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4 responded to many types of chemical compounds, including simple and complex sugars such as those present on human blood group antigens and gangliosides, indicating a potential role in host-pathogen interactions. Diverse sensory repertoire could provide C. jejuni with the ability to modulate responses to attractant and repellent signals and allow for adaptation in host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bassam A. Elgamoudi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ekaterina P. Andrianova
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca M. King
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tahria Najnin
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Igor B. Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mo R, Ma W, Zhou W, Gao B. Polar localization of CheO under hypoxia promotes Campylobacter jejuni chemotactic behavior within host. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010953. [PMID: 36327346 PMCID: PMC9665402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen of worldwide concern and the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease. In contrast to other enteric pathogens, C. jejuni has strict growth and nutritional requirements but lacks many virulence factors that have evolved for pathogenesis or interactions with the host. It is unclear how this bacterium has adapted to an enteric lifestyle. Here, we discovered that the CheO protein (CJJ81176_1265) is required for C. jejuni colonization of mice gut through its role in chemotactic control of flagellar rotation in oxygen-limiting environments. CheO interacts with the chemotaxis signaling proteins CheA and CheZ, and also with the flagellar rotor components FliM and FliY. Under microaerobic conditions, CheO localizes at the cellular poles where the chemosensory array and flagellar machinery are located in C. jejuni and its polar localization depends on chemosensory array formation. Several chemoreceptors that mediate energy taxis coordinately determine the bipolar distribution of CheO. Suppressor screening for a ΔcheO mutant identified that a single residue variation in FliM can alleviate the phenotype caused by the absence of CheO, confirming its regulatory role in the flagellar rotor switch. CheO homologs are only found in species of the Campylobacterota phylum, mostly species of host-associated genera Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Wolinella. The CheO results provide insights into the complexity of chemotaxis signal transduction in C. jejuni and closely related species. Importantly, the recruitment of CheO into chemosensory array to promote chemotactic behavior under hypoxia represents a new adaptation strategy of C. jejuni to human and animal intestines. Bacteria use chemotaxis to navigate their flagellar motility towards or away from a variety of environmental stimuli. For many pathogens, chemotactic motility plays an important role in infection and disease. Understanding the mechanism of chemotaxis behavior in pathogens can help the development of therapeutic strategies by interfering with chemotactic signal transduction. In this study, we identified a novel chemotaxis protein CheO in Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. We demonstrated that CheO is directly involved in chemotactic control of the flagellar motor switch, the reason that it is required for colonization of different animal models. We also provide evidences that CheO is responsive to environmental oxygen variation, with a more prominent role in energy taxis under low oxygen levels. Therefore, CheO presents a novel mechanism for C. jejuni adaptation to hypoxia conditions such as those existing in human and animal intestines. Targeting CheO and other chemotaxis regulators could reduce the survival of C. jejuni within hosts and in the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beile Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Sanya, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bio-responsive composite liposomes against Campylobacter jejuni in vitro and its application in chicken preservation. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Middendorf PS, Jacobs-Reitsma WF, Zomer AL, den Besten HMW, Abee T. Comparative Analysis of L-Fucose Utilization and Its Impact on Growth and Survival of Campylobacter Isolates. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872207. [PMID: 35572645 PMCID: PMC9100392 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were previously considered asaccharolytic, but are now known to possess specific saccharide metabolization pathways, including L-fucose. To investigate the influence of the L-fucose utilization cluster on Campylobacter growth, survival and metabolism, we performed comparative genotyping and phenotyping of the C. jejuni reference isolate NCTC11168 (human isolate), C. jejuni Ca1352 (chicken meat isolate), C. jejuni Ca2426 (sheep manure isolate), and C. coli Ca0121 (pig manure isolate), that all possess the L-fucose utilization cluster. All isolates showed enhanced survival and prolonged spiral cell morphology in aging cultures up to day seven in L-fucose-enriched MEMα medium (MEMαF) compared to MEMα. HPLC analysis indicated L-fucose utilization linked to acetate, lactate, pyruvate and succinate production, confirming the activation of the L-fucose pathway in these isolates and its impact on general metabolism. Highest consumption of L-fucose by C. coli Ca0121 is conceivably linked to its enhanced growth performance up to day 7, reaching 9.3 log CFU/ml compared to approximately 8.3 log CFU/ml for the C. jejuni isolates. Genetic analysis of the respective L-fucose clusters revealed several differences, including a 1 bp deletion in the Cj0489 gene of C. jejuni NCTC11168, causing a frameshift in this isolate resulting in two separate genes, Cj0489 and Cj0490, while no apparent phenotype could be linked to the presumed frameshift in this isolate. Additionally, we found that the L-fucose cluster of C. coli Ca0121 was most distant from C. jejuni NCTC11168, but confirmation of links to L-fucose metabolism associated phenotypic traits in C. coli versus C. jejuni isolates requires further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pjotr S. Middendorf
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Aldert L. Zomer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Heidy M. W. den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Heidy M. W. den Besten,
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Tjakko Abee,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li J, Chen J, Wang L, Lin Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang F. Characterization of the response of
Escherichia coli
to
l
‐fucose in bacterial swimming motility. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:584-592. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Fangbin Wang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Review of the Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of Chemotaxis Assays for Campylobacter spp. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031576. [PMID: 35163499 PMCID: PMC8836060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducible qualitative and quantitative assessment of bacterial chemotactic motility, particularly in response to chemorepellent effectors, is experimentally challenging. Here we compare several established chemotaxis assays currently used to investigate Campylobacter jejuni chemotaxis, with the aim of improving the correlation between different studies and establishing the best practices. We compare the methodologies of capillary, agar, and chamber-based assays, and discuss critical technical points, in terms of reproducibility, accuracy, and the advantages and limitations of each.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen F, Zhang J, Ji HJ, Kim MK, Kim KW, Choi JI, Han SH, Lim S, Seo HS, Ahn KB. Deinococcus radiodurans Exopolysaccharide Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:712086. [PMID: 35002990 PMCID: PMC8739996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremely resistant bacterium against extracellular stress owing to on its unique physiological functions and the structure of its cellular constituents. Interestingly, it has been reported that the pattern of alteration in Deinococcus proportion on the skin is negatively correlated with skin inflammatory diseases, whereas the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus was increased in patients with chronic skin inflammatory diseases. However, the biological mechanisms of deinococcal interactions with other skin commensal bacteria have not been studied. In this study, we hypothesized that deinococcal cellular constituents play a pivotal role in preventing S. aureus colonization by inhibiting biofilm formation. To prove this, we first isolated cellular constituents, such as exopolysaccharide (DeinoPol), cell wall (DeinoWall), and cell membrane (DeinoMem), from D. radiodurans and investigated their inhibitory effects on S. aureus colonization and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Among them, only DeinoPol exhibited an anti-biofilm effect without affecting bacterial growth and inhibiting staphylococcal colonization and inflammation in a mouse skin infection model. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was impaired in the Δdra0033 strain, a mutant that cannot produce DeinoPol. Remarkably, DeinoPol not only interfered with S. aureus biofilm formation at early and late stages but also disrupted a preexisting biofilm by inhibiting the production of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), a key molecule required for S. aureus biofilm formation. Taken together, the present study suggests that DeinoPol is a key molecule in the negative regulation of S. aureus biofilm formation by D. radiodurans. Therefore, DeinoPol could be applied to prevent and/or treat infections or inflammatory diseases associated with S. aureus biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjia Chen
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Whun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Vliet AHM, Charity OJ, Reuter M. A Campylobacter integrative and conjugative element with a CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting competing plasmids: a history of plasmid warfare? Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34766904 PMCID: PMC8743540 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial genomes are highly adaptable, with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) mediating the dissemination of new genetic information throughout bacterial populations. This is countered by defence mechanisms such as CRISPR-Cas systems, which limit invading MGEs by sequence-specific targeting. Here we report the distribution of the pVir, pTet and PCC42 plasmids and a new 70–129 kb ICE (CampyICE1) in the foodborne bacterial pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. CampyICE1 contains a degenerated Type II-C CRISPR system consisting of a sole Cas9 protein, which is distinct from the previously described Cas9 proteins from C. jejuni and C. coli. CampyICE1 is conserved in structure and gene order, containing blocks of genes predicted to be involved in recombination, regulation and conjugation. CampyICE1 was detected in 134/5829 (2.3 %) C. jejuni genomes and 92/1347 (6.8 %) C. coli genomes. Similar ICEs were detected in a number of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter species, although these lacked a CRISPR-Cas system. CampyICE1 carries three separate short CRISPR spacer arrays containing a combination of 108 unique spacers and 16 spacer-variant families. A total of 69 spacers and 10 spacer-variant families (63.7 %) were predicted to target Campylobacter plasmids. The presence of a functional CampyICE1 Cas9 protein and matching anti-plasmid spacers was associated with the absence of the pVir, pTet and pCC42 plasmids (188/214 genomes, 87.9 %), suggesting that the CampyICE1-encoded CRISPR-Cas has contributed to the exclusion of competing plasmids. In conclusion, the characteristics of the CRISPR-Cas9 system on CampyICE1 suggests a history of plasmid warfare in Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Oliver J Charity
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Reuter
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Microbes in the Food Chain programme, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Design and in situ biosynthesis of precision therapies against gastrointestinal pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Reduced Infection Efficiency of Phage NCTC 12673 on Non-Motile Campylobacter jejuni Strains Is Related to Oxidative Stress. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101955. [PMID: 34696385 PMCID: PMC8540345 DOI: 10.3390/v13101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative foodborne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease and is associated with severe post-infectious sequelae. Bacteriophages (phages) are a possible means of reducing Campylobacter colonization in poultry to prevent downstream human infections. However, the factors influencing phage-host interactions must be better understood before this strategy can be predictably employed. Most studies have focused on Campylobacter phage binding to the host surface, with all phages classified as either capsule- or flagella-specific. Here we describe the characterization of a C. jejuni phage that requires functional flagellar glycosylation and motor genes for infection, without needing the flagella for adsorption to the cell surface. Through phage infectivity studies of targeted C. jejuni mutants, transcriptomic analysis of phage-resistant mutants, and genotypic and phenotypic analysis of a spontaneous phage variant capable of simultaneously overcoming flagellar gene dependence and sensitivity to oxidative stress, we have uncovered a link between oxidative stress, flagellar motility, and phage infectivity. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of understanding phage-host interactions beyond the cell surface and point to host oxidative stress state as an important and underappreciated consideration for future phage-host interaction studies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Meza-Torres J, Auria E, Dupuy B, Tremblay YDN. Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1922. [PMID: 34576818 PMCID: PMC8470499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract provide several critical functions to its host. Microorganisms found at the mucosal layer form organized three-dimensional structures which are considered to be biofilms. Their development and functions are influenced by host factors, host-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. These structures can dictate the health of their host by strengthening the natural defenses of the gut epithelium or cause disease by exacerbating underlying conditions. Biofilm communities can also block the establishment of pathogens and prevent infectious diseases. Although these biofilms are important for colonization resistance, new data provide evidence that gut biofilms can act as a reservoir for pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. In this review, we will look at the biofilms of the intestinal tract, their contribution to health and disease, and the factors influencing their formation. We will then focus on the factors contributing to biofilm formation in C. difficile, how these biofilms are formed, and their properties. In the last section, we will look at how the gut microbiota and the gut biofilm influence C. difficile biofilm formation, persistence, and transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Meza-Torres
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
| | - Emile Auria
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
| | - Yannick D. N. Tremblay
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France; (J.M.-T.); (E.A.)
- Health Sciences Building, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haas DJ, Barbieri JDM, Dorneles EMS, Lage AP. Chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter fetus subspecies towards cervical mucus, bovine placenta and selected substances and ion. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210008. [PMID: 34394754 PMCID: PMC8356073 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotaxis of C. fetus subsp. venerealis and C. fetus subsp. fetus was determined in the presence of bovine cervical mucus and bovine placental extract. Some reported substances and ion in those materials, such amino acids, ferrous iron, hormones, sugars and organic acids were also investigated. Bovine cervical mucus, bovine placenta extracts and some substances and ion of these materials namely L–fucose, L– aspartate, L–glutamate, L–serine, ferrous iron, fumarate, pyruvate and succinate were chemoattractants. The chemottraction was significantly larger in higher concentrations of the tested substances and ion and significant differences among tested strains were also observed. Meso-erythritol and hormones bovine placental lactogen, 17β-estradiol, and progesterone did not elicit chemotactical response. In conclusion, this chemotactic behavior may guide the C. fetus navigation in the bovine host's genital tract and be an important cofactor of tissue tropism for this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionei Joaquim Haas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jonata de Melo Barbieri
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shah T, Baloch Z, Shah Z, Cui X, Xia X. The Intestinal Microbiota: Impacts of Antibiotics Therapy, Colonization Resistance, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126597. [PMID: 34202945 PMCID: PMC8235228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes exist in the human body, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. The main role of the intestinal microbiome is the fermentation of non-digestible substrates and increased growth of beneficial microbes that produce key antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, etc., to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes besides other functions. Intestinal microbiota can prevent pathogen colonization through the mechanism of colonization resistance. A wide range of resistomes are present in both beneficial and pathogenic microbes. Giving antibiotic exposure to the intestinal microbiome (both beneficial and hostile) can trigger a resistome response, affecting colonization resistance. The following review provides a mechanistic overview of the intestinal microbiome and the impacts of antibiotic therapy on pathogen colonization and diseases. Further, we also discuss the epidemiology of immunocompromised patients who are at high risk for nosocomial infections, colonization and decolonization of multi-drug resistant organisms in the intestine, and the direct and indirect mechanisms that govern colonization resistance to the pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Zahir Shah
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reuter M, Ultee E, Toseafa Y, Tan A, van Vliet AHM. Inactivation of the core cheVAWY chemotaxis genes disrupts chemotactic motility and organised biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:6017310. [PMID: 33264398 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellar motility plays a central role in the bacterial foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, as flagellar motility is required for reaching the intestinal epithelium and subsequent colonisation or disease. Flagellar proteins also contribute strongly to biofilm formation during transmission. Chemotaxis is the process directing flagellar motility in response to attractant and repellent stimuli, but its role in biofilm formation of C. jejuni is not well understood. Here we show that inactivation of the core chemotaxis genes cheVAWY in C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 affects both chemotactic motility and biofilm formation. Inactivation of any of the core chemotaxis genes (cheA, cheY, cheV or cheW) impaired chemotactic motility but did not affect flagellar assembly or growth. The ∆cheY mutant swam in clockwise loops, while complementation restored normal motility. Inactivation of the core chemotaxis genes interfered with the ability to form a discrete biofilm at the air-media interface, and the ∆cheY mutant displayed reduced dispersal/shedding of bacteria into the planktonic fraction. This suggests that while the chemotaxis system is not required for biofilm formation per se, it is necessary for organized biofilm formation. Hence interference with the Campylobacter chemotaxis system at any level disrupts optimal chemotactic motility and transmission modes such as biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Reuter
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Eveline Ultee
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Yasmin Toseafa
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andrew Tan
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Motta JP, Wallace JL, Buret AG, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:314-334. [PMID: 33510461 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao D, Yang J, Liu T, Lu D, Zhang S, Yan L, Ni Y. Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans XJFY6S-08 Reveals Environmental Adaptation to Alpine Acid Mine Drainage. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1488-1498. [PMID: 33660044 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work reported the complete genome sequence analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans strain XJFY6S-08 isolated from acid mine drainage in Fuyun copper mine in Xinjiang, China, revealing the potential for extreme environmental adaptation. The strain XJFY6S-08 possesses 3,161,380 bp in length and 56.55% GC content. Genomic analysis revealed that this strain harbors metal-tolerant genes coding for the mer operon, arsRBC operon and a variety of metal assimilation and efflux proteins. Genes coding for K+/H+ transporting ATPase and the Na+/H+ antiporter gene nhaA for pH adaptation were identified. The presence of genes associated with various DNA repair enzymes and the synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids precursor support the UVR resistance mechanisms. The genes related to membrane modifications (ppiBCD, slyD, surA, cfa and fabF) and resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family can play a crucial role in organic solvents tolerance. The strain XJFY6S-08 resists low-temperature conditions by a set of mechanisms such as changes of RNA metabolism, transmembrane transport, compatible solutes and transport, biofilm and EPS formation, chemotaxis and motility and ROS scavenging. These findings can provide important information for further studying the comparative genome and environmental adaptation mechanism of A. ferrivorans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli can be frequently isolated from poultry and poultry-derived products, and in combination these two species cause a large portion of human bacterial gastroenteritis cases. While birds are typically colonized by these Campylobacter species without clinical symptoms, in humans they cause (foodborne) infections at high frequencies, estimated to cost billions of dollars worldwide every year. The clinical outcome of Campylobacter infections comprises malaise, diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever. Symptoms may continue for up to two weeks and are generally self-limiting, though occasionally the disease can be more severe or result in post-infection sequelae. The virulence properties of these pathogens have been best-characterized for C. jejuni, and their actions are reviewed here. Various virulence-associated bacterial determinants include the flagellum, numerous flagellar secreted factors, protein adhesins, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), lipooligosaccharide (LOS), serine protease HtrA and others. These factors are involved in several pathogenicity-linked properties that can be divided into bacterial chemotaxis, motility, attachment, invasion, survival, cellular transmigration and spread to deeper tissue. All of these steps require intimate interactions between bacteria and host cells (including immune cells), enabled by the collection of bacterial and host factors that have already been identified. The assortment of pathogenicity-associated factors now recognized for C. jejuni, their function and the proposed host cell factors that are involved in crucial steps leading to disease are discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
27
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021. [PMID: 33620656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though Campylobacter spp. are known to be fastidious organisms, they can survive within the natural environment. One mechanism to withstand unfavourable conditions is the formation of biofilms, a multicellular structure composed of different bacterial and other microbial species which are embedded in an extracellular matrix. High oxygen levels, low substrate concentrations and the presence of external DNA stimulate the biofilm formation by C. jejuni. These external factors trigger internal adaptation processes, e.g. via regulating the expression of genes encoding proteins required for surface structure formation, as well as motility, stress response and antimicrobial resistance. Known genes impacting biofilm formation will be summarized in this review. The formation of biofilms as well as the expression of virulence genes is often regulated in a cell density depending manner by quorum sensing, which is mediated via small signalling molecules termed autoinducers. Even though quorum sensing mechanisms of other bacteria are well understood, knowledge on the role of these mechanisms in C. jejuni biofilm formation is still scarce. The LuxS enzyme involved in generation of autoinducer-2 is present in C. jejuni, but autoinducer receptors have not been identified so far. Phenotypes of C. jejuni strains lacking a functional luxS like reduced growth, motility, oxygen stress tolerance, biofilm formation, adhesion, invasion and colonization are also summarized within this chapter. However, these phenotypes are highly variable in distinct C. jejuni strains and depend on the culture conditions applied.
Collapse
|
28
|
Garber JM, Hennet T, Szymanski CM. Significance of fucose in intestinal health and disease. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1086-1093. [PMID: 33434389 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deoxyhexose sugar L-fucose is important for many biological processes within the human body and the associated microbiota. This carbohydrate is abundant in host gut mucosal surfaces, numerous microbial cell surface structures, and some dietary carbohydrates. Fucosylated oligosaccharides facilitate the establishment of a healthy microbiota and provide protection from infection. However, there are instances where pathogens can also exploit these fucosylated structures to cause infection. Furthermore, deficiencies in host fucosylation are associated with specific disease outcomes. This review focuses on our current understanding of the impact of fucosylation within the mucosal environment of the gastrointestinal tract with a specific emphasis on the mediatory effects in host-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolene M Garber
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Elmi A, Nasher F, Dorrell N, Wren B, Gundogdu O. Revisiting Campylobacter jejuni Virulence and Fitness Factors: Role in Sensing, Adapting, and Competing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607704. [PMID: 33614526 PMCID: PMC7887314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis world wide and represents a major public health concern. Over the past two decades, significant progress in functional genomics, proteomics, enzymatic-based virulence profiling (EBVP), and the cellular biology of C. jejuni have improved our basic understanding of this important pathogen. We review key advances in our understanding of the multitude of emerging virulence factors that influence the outcome of C. jejuni–mediated infections. We highlight, the spatial and temporal dynamics of factors that promote C. jejuni to sense, adapt and survive in multiple hosts. Finally, we propose cohesive research directions to obtain a comprehensive understanding of C. jejuni virulence mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fauzy Nasher
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elgamoudi BA, Andrianova EP, Shewell LK, Day CJ, King RM, Taha, Rahman H, Hartley-Tassell LE, Zhulin IB, Korolik V. The Campylobacter jejuni chemoreceptor Tlp10 has a bimodal ligand-binding domain and specificity for multiple classes of chemoeffectors. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/664/eabc8521. [PMID: 33402336 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterial pathogen that is a common cause of enteritis in humans. We identified a previously uncharacterized type of sensory domain in the periplasmic region of the C. jejuni chemoreceptor Tlp10, termed the DAHL domain, that is predicted to have a bimodular helical architecture. Through two independent ligand-binding sites in this domain, Tlp10 responded to molecular aspartate, isoleucine, fumarate, malate, fucose, and mannose as attractants and to arginine, galactose, and thiamine as repellents. Tlp10 also recognized glycan ligands when present as terminal and intermediate residues of complex structures, such as the fucosylated human ganglioside GM1 and Lewisa antigen. A tlp10 mutant strain lacking the ligand-binding sites was attenuated in its ability to colonize avian caeca and to adhere to cultured human intestinal cells, indicating the potential involvement of the DAHL domain in host colonization and disease. The Tlp10 intracellular signaling domain interacted with the scaffolding proteins CheV and CheW, which couple chemoreceptors to intracellular signaling machinery, and with the signaling domains of other chemoreceptors, suggesting a key role for Tlp10 in signal transduction and incorporation into sensory arrays. We identified the DAHL domain in other bacterial signal transduction proteins, including the essential virulence induction protein VirA from the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens Together, these results suggest a potential link between Tlp10 and C. jejuni virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam A Elgamoudi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Lucy K Shewell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Rebecca M King
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Taha
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Hossinur Rahman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Igor B Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang C, Liu LZ, Kong HK, Law COK, Hoa PQ, Ho PL, Lau TCK. A novel incompatibility group X3 plasmid carrying bla NDM-1 encodes a small RNA that regulates host fucose metabolism and biofilm formation. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1767-1776. [PMID: 32594845 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1780040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) has become a major health threat to clinical managements of gram-negative bacteria infections. A novel incompatibility group X3 plasmid (IncX3) pNDM-HN380 carrying bla NDM-1 has recently been found to epidemiologically link with multiple geographical areas in China. In this paper, we studied the metabolic responses of host bacteria E. coli J53 upon introduction of pNDM-HN380. A reduction of bacterial motility was observed in J53/pNDM-HN380. We profiled the RNA repertoires of the transconjugants and found a downregulation of genes involved in flagella and chemotaxis metabolic pathways at logarithmic (log) phase. We also identified a novel intragenic region (IGR) small RNA plas2. The plasmid-transcribed sRNA IGR plas2 was further characterized as a regulator of fucRwhich controls the fucose metabolism. By knockdown of IGR plas2 using an antisense decoy, we managed to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm of the host. Our study demonstrated a potential way of utilizing plasmid-transcribed sRNA against infectious bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Liang-Zhe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hoi-Kuan Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Carmen O K Law
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pham Quynh Hoa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pak-Leung Ho
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Terrence C K Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Assigning a role for chemosensory signal transduction in Campylobacter jejuni biofilms using a combined omics approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6829. [PMID: 32321947 PMCID: PMC7176700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of the gastroenteric pathogen C. jejuni may serve an important role in the transmission of infection from reservoirs of infection to humans. Herein, we undertook a combinatorial approach examining differential gene expression and protein abundance during biofilm formation in C. jejuni. Biofilms induced a substantial rearrangement of the C. jejuni transcriptome and proteome, with ~600 genes differentially expressed when compared to planktonic cells. Genes and proteins induced in biofilms were involved in iron metabolism and acquisition, cell division, glycan production and attachment, while those repressed were associated with metabolism, amino acid usage, and large tracts of the chemotaxis pathway. We further examined the role of chemotaxis in C. jejuni biofilm formation by examining isogenic strains with deletions of the cheV and cheW signal transduction genes. Both ∆cheV and ∆cheW exhibited a significant decrease in directed motility when compared to wild-type C. jejuni as well as demonstrating an increase in autoagglutination ability and biofilm formation. A subtle difference was also observed between the phenotypes of ∆cheV and ∆cheW mutants, both in motility and biofilm formation. This suggests roles for CheV and CheW and may present signal transduction as a potential method for modulating C. jejuni biofilm formation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mehat JW, La Ragione RM, van Vliet AHM. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli autotransporter genes exhibit lineage-associated distribution and decay. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:314. [PMID: 32306949 PMCID: PMC7168839 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are major global causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. Whilst several individual colonisation and virulence factors have been identified, our understanding of their role in the transmission, pathogenesis and ecology of Campylobacter has been hampered by the genotypic and phenotypic diversity within C. jejuni and C. coli. Autotransporter proteins are a family of outer membrane or secreted proteins in Gram-negative bacteria such as Campylobacter, which are associated with virulence functions. In this study we have examined the distribution and predicted functionality of the previously described capC and the newly identified, related capD autotransporter gene families in Campylobacter. Results Two capC-like autotransporter families, designated capC and capD, were identified by homology searches of genomes of the genus Campylobacter. Each family contained four distinct orthologs of CapC and CapD. The distribution of these autotransporter genes was determined in 5829 C. jejuni and 1347 C. coli genomes. Autotransporter genes were found as intact, complete copies and inactive formats due to premature stop codons and frameshift mutations. Presence of inactive and intact autotransporter genes was associated with C. jejuni and C. coli multi-locus sequence types, but for capC, inactivation was independent from the length of homopolymeric tracts in the region upstream of the capC gene. Inactivation of capC or capD genes appears to represent lineage-specific gene decay of autotransporter genes. Intact capC genes were predominantly associated with the C. jejuni ST-45 and C. coli ST-828 generalist lineages. The capD3 gene was only found in the environmental C. coli Clade 3 lineage. These combined data support a scenario of inter-lineage and interspecies exchange of capC and subsets of capD autotransporters. Conclusions In this study we have identified two novel, related autotransporter gene families in the genus Campylobacter, which are not uniformly present and exhibit lineage-specific associations and gene decay. The distribution and decay of the capC and capD genes exemplifies the erosion of species barriers between certain lineages of C. jejuni and C. coli, probably arising through co-habitation. This may have implications for the phenotypic variability of these two pathogens and provide opportunity for new, hybrid genotypes to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai W Mehat
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tram G, Day CJ, Korolik V. Bridging the Gap: A Role for Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E452. [PMID: 32210099 PMCID: PMC7143964 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. Cases of Campylobacteriosis are common, as the organism is an avian commensal and is passed on to humans through contaminated poultry meat, water, and food preparation areas. Although typically a fastidious organism, C. jejuni can survive outside the avian intestinal tract until it is able to reach a human host. It has long been considered that biofilms play a key role in transmission of this pathogen. The aim of this review is to examine factors that trigger biofilm formation in C. jejuni. A range of environmental elements have been shown to initiate biofilm formation, which are then affected by a suite of intrinsic factors. We also aim to further investigate the role that biofilms may play in the life cycle of this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia;
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bian X, Garber JM, Cooper KK, Huynh S, Jones J, Mills MK, Rafala D, Nasrin D, Kotloff KL, Parker CT, Tennant SM, Miller WG, Szymanski CM. Campylobacter Abundance in Breastfed Infants and Identification of a New Species in the Global Enterics Multicenter Study. mSphere 2020; 5:e00735-19. [PMID: 31941810 PMCID: PMC6968651 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00735-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is associated with high rates of mortality and growth stunting in children inhabiting low- to middle-resource countries. To better understand the impact of breastfeeding on Campylobacter infection in infants in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we examined fecal microbial compositions, bacterial isolates, and their carbohydrate metabolic pathways in Campylobacter-positive infants <1 year of age from the Global Enterics Multicenter Study. Exclusively breastfed infants with diarrhea exhibited high Campylobacter abundances, and this negatively correlated with bacterial carbohydrate metabolism. Although C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli are prevalent among these infants, the second most abundant Campylobacter species was a new species, which we named "Candidatus Campylobacter infans." Asymptomatic Campylobacter carriers also possess significantly different proportions of specific gut microbes compared to diarrheal cases. These findings provide insight into Campylobacter infections in infants in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and help inform strategies aimed at eliminating campylobacteriosis in these areas.IMPORTANCECampylobacter is the primary cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United States and can lead to the development of the postinfectious autoimmune neuropathy known as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Also, drug-resistant campylobacters are becoming a serious concern both locally and abroad. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), infection with Campylobacter is linked to high rates of morbidity, growth stunting, and mortality in children, and breastfeeding is important for infant nutrition, development, and protection against infectious diseases. In this study, we examined the relationship between breastfeeding and Campylobacter infection and demonstrate the increased selection for C. jejuni and C. coli strains unable to metabolize fucose. We also identify a new Campylobacter species coinfecting these infants with a high prevalence in five of the seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia examined. These findings indicate that more detailed studies are needed in LMICs to understand the Campylobacter infection process in order to devise a strategy for eliminating this pathogenic microbe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bian
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jolene M Garber
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kerry K Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael K Mills
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Rafala
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dilruba Nasrin
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni metabolizes sugars with potential help from commensal Bacteroides vulgatus. Commun Biol 2020; 3:2. [PMID: 31925306 PMCID: PMC6946681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was considered asaccharolytic, >50% of sequenced isolates possess an operon for L-fucose utilization. In C. jejuni NCTC11168, this pathway confers L-fucose chemotaxis and competitive colonization advantages in the piglet diarrhea model, but the catabolic steps remain unknown. Here we solved the putative dehydrogenase structure, resembling FabG of Burkholderia multivorans. The C. jejuni enzyme, FucX, reduces L-fucose and D-arabinose in vitro and both sugars are catabolized by fuc-operon encoded enzymes. This enzyme alone confers chemotaxis to both sugars in a non-carbohydrate-utilizing C. jejuni strain. Although C. jejuni lacks fucosidases, the organism exhibits enhanced growth in vitro when co-cultured with Bacteroides vulgatus, suggesting scavenging may occur. Yet, when excess amino acids are available, C. jejuni prefers them to carbohydrates, indicating a metabolic hierarchy exists. Overall this study increases understanding of nutrient metabolism by this pathogen, and identifies interactions with other gut microbes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Burnham PM, Hendrixson DR. Campylobacter jejuni: collective components promoting a successful enteric lifestyle. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 16:551-565. [PMID: 29892020 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoeal disease in many areas of the world. The high incidence of sporadic cases of disease in humans is largely due to its prevalence as a zoonotic agent in animals, both in agriculture and in the wild. Compared with many other enteric bacterial pathogens, C. jejuni has strict growth and nutritional requirements and lacks many virulence and colonization determinants that are typically used by bacterial pathogens to infect hosts. Instead, C. jejuni has a different collection of factors and pathways not typically associated together in enteric pathogens to establish commensalism in many animal hosts and to promote diarrhoeal disease in the human population. In this Review, we discuss the cellular architecture and structure of C. jejuni, intraspecies genotypic variation, the multiple roles of the flagellum, specific nutritional and environmental growth requirements and how these factors contribute to in vivo growth in human and avian hosts, persistent colonization and pathogenesis of diarrhoeal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Burnham
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David R Hendrixson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cain JA, Dale AL, Niewold P, Klare WP, Man L, White MY, Scott NE, Cordwell SJ. Proteomics Reveals Multiple Phenotypes Associated with N-linked Glycosylation in Campylobacter jejuni. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:715-734. [PMID: 30617158 PMCID: PMC6442361 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major gastrointestinal pathogen generally acquired via consumption of poorly prepared poultry. N-linked protein glycosylation encoded by the pgl gene cluster targets >80 membrane proteins and is required for both nonsymptomatic chicken colonization and full human virulence. Despite this, the biological functions of N-glycosylation remain unknown. We examined the effects of pgl gene deletion on the C. jejuni proteome using label-based liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and validation using data independent acquisition (DIA-SWATH-MS). We quantified 1359 proteins corresponding to ∼84% of the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 genome, and 1080 of these were validated by DIA-SWATH-MS. Deletion of the pglB oligosaccharyltransferase (ΔpglB) resulted in a significant change in abundance of 185 proteins, 137 of which were restored to their wild-type levels by reintroduction of pglB (Δaaz.batpglB::ΔpglB). Deletion of pglB was associated with significantly reduced abundances of pgl targets and increased stress-related proteins, including ClpB, GroEL, GroES, GrpE and DnaK. pglB mutants demonstrated reduced survival following temperature (4 °C and 46 °C) and osmotic (150 mm NaCl) shock and altered biofilm phenotypes compared with wild-type C. jejuni Targeted metabolomics established that pgl negative C. jejuni switched from aspartate (Asp) to proline (Pro) uptake and accumulated intracellular succinate related to proteome changes including elevated PutP/PutA (proline transport and utilization), and reduced DctA/DcuB (aspartate import and succinate export, respectively). ΔpglB chemotaxis to some substrates (Asp, glutamate, succinate and α-ketoglutarate) was reduced and associated with altered abundance of transducer-like (Tlp) proteins. Glycosylation negative C. jejuni were depleted of all respiration-associated proteins that allow the use of alternative electron acceptors under low oxygen. We demonstrate for the first time that N-glycosylation is required for a specific enzyme activity (Nap nitrate reductase) that is associated with reduced abundance of the NapAB glycoproteins. These data indicate a multifactorial role for N-glycosylation in C. jejuni physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Cain
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Ashleigh L Dale
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Paula Niewold
- §Charles Perkins Centre,; ¶Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006
| | - William P Klare
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Lok Man
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Melanie Y White
- §Charles Perkins Centre,; ¶Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006
| | | | - Stuart J Cordwell
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre,; ¶Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006;; ‖Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Iacob S, Iacob DG, Luminos LM. Intestinal Microbiota as a Host Defense Mechanism to Infectious Threats. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3328. [PMID: 30761120 PMCID: PMC6362409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex microbial community, with diverse and stable populations hosted by the gastrointestinal tract since birth. This ecosystem holds multiple anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulating roles decisive for intestinal homeostasis. Among these, colonization resistance refers to the dynamic antagonistic interactions between commensals and pathogenic flora. Hence, gut bacteria compete for the same intestinal niches and substrates, while also releasing antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocines and changing the environmental conditions. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated in anaerobic conditions prompt epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that favor a tolerogenic immune response. In addition, the commensal flora is involved in the synthesis of bactericidal products, namely secondary biliary acids or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cathellicidin-LL37, an immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing peptide. Gut microbiota is protected through symbiotic relations with the hosting organism and by quorum sensing, a specific cell-to-cell communication system. Any alterations of these relationships favor the uncontrollable multiplication of the resident pathobionts or external entero-pathogens, prompting systemic translocations, inflammatory reactions, or exacerbations of bacterial virulence mechanisms (T6SS, T3SS) and ultimately lead to gastrointestinal or systemic infections. The article describes the metabolic and immunological mechanisms through which the intestinal microbiota is both an ally of the organism against enteric pathogens and an enemy that favors the development of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Monica Luminos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mannion A, Shen Z, Fox JG. Comparative genomics analysis to differentiate metabolic and virulence gene potential in gastric versus enterohepatic Helicobacter species. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:830. [PMID: 30458713 PMCID: PMC6247508 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Helicobacter are gram-negative, microaerobic, flagellated, mucus-inhabiting bacteria associated with gastrointestinal inflammation and classified as gastric or enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) according to host species and colonization niche. While there are over 30 official species, little is known about the physiology and pathogenic mechanisms of EHS, which account for most in the genus, as well as what genetic factors differentiate gastric versus EHS, given they inhabit different hosts and colonization niches. The objective of this study was to perform a whole-genus comparative analysis of over 100 gastric versus EHS genomes in order to identify genetic determinants that distinguish these Helicobacter species and provide insights about their evolution/adaptation to different hosts, colonization niches, and mechanisms of virulence. Results Whole-genome phylogeny organized Helicobacter species according to their presumed gastric or EHS classification. Analysis of orthologs revealed substantial heterogeneity in physiological and virulence-related genes between gastric and EHS genomes. Metabolic reconstruction predicted that unlike gastric species, EHS appear asaccharolytic and dependent on amino/organic acids to fuel metabolism. Additionally, gastric species lack de novo biosynthetic pathways for several amino acids and purines found in EHS and instead rely on environmental uptake/salvage pathways. Comparison of virulence factor genes between gastric and EHS genomes identified overlapping yet distinct profiles and included canonical cytotoxins, outer membrane proteins, secretion systems, and survival factors. Conclusions The major differences in predicted metabolic function suggest gastric species and EHS may have evolved for survival in the nutrient-rich stomach versus the nutrient-devoid environments, respectively. Contrasting virulence factor gene profiles indicate gastric species and EHS may utilize different pathogenic mechanisms to chronically infect hosts and cause inflammation and tissue damage. The findings from this study provide new insights into the genetic differences underlying gastric versus EHS and support the need for future experimental studies to characterize these pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5171-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu J, Liu G, Sun Y, Wang X, Fang H, Jiang H, Guo Z, Dong J. The role of regulator FucP in Edwardsiella tarda pathogenesis and the inflammatory cytokine response in tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:624-630. [PMID: 29886137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The animal intestine provides a competitive environment for the microbiota. Successful colonization by pathogens requires sensing chemical signals to regulate the expression of virulence genes. Some bacteria rely on a two-component chemical signal transduction system, named FusKR, to regulate virulence genes expression by intestinal fucose. Here we construct the fucP gene deletion strain prove FucP regulation of the T3SS in E. tarda. The result showed that the mutant strain had down-regulated significantly the gene expression of FusKR and T3SS compared to the wild-type strain (P < 0.05). This mutant strain significantly increased LD50 in zebrafish compared to the wild-type strain (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased penetration and motility in mucin than the wild-type strain (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, tilapia infected with mutant strain show significantly reduced E. tarda adherence and colonization than those infected with the wild-type strain (P < 0.05). Fish infected with EIB202 and ΔfucP showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β and HSP-70 in head kidney than fish treated with PBS in the whole observed period; however CPP-3 did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) in all groups. Fish infected with EIB202 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) gene expression of TGF-β in head kidney than fish treated with ΔfucP in the whole observed period; however other cytokines did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) in the whole observed period. In addition, Fish infected with EIB202 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β in spleen than fish treated with ΔfucP in the whole observed period, however IFN-γ, CPP-3, and HSP-70 did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) in the whole observed period. Although the gene expression of cytokines was induced similarly by both strains, all results indicate that the fucP gene deletion down-regulates the key gene expression of FucKR and T3SS, reduces the pathogenicity of E. tarda in fish, particularly decreases inducing the gene expression of TGF-β in the head kidney and IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β in the spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 272000, PR China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, PR China
| | - Yongcan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 272000, PR China.
| | - Hao Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Jinggang Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilm formation: a comparative assessment from farm to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4014-4032. [PMID: 29424050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It takes several steps to bring food from the farm to the fork (dining table), and contamination with food-borne pathogens can occur at any point in the process. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the main microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease in the EU. These two pathogens are able to persist throughout the food supply chain thanks to their ability to form biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence of Salmonella and especially of Campylobacter in the food supply chain and the huge efforts of food authorities to reduce these levels, it is of great importance to fully understand their mechanisms of persistence. Diverse studies have evaluated the biofilm-forming capacity of foodborne pathogens isolated at different steps of food production. Nonetheless, the principal obstacle of these studies is to reproduce the real conditions that microorganisms encounter in the food supply chain. While there are a wide number of Salmonella biofilm studies, information on Campylobacter biofilms is still limited. A comparison between the two microorganisms could help to develop new research in the field of Campylobacter biofilms. Therefore, this review evaluates relevant work in the field of Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilms and the applicability of the data obtained from these studies to real working conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sicard JF, Vogeleer P, Le Bihan G, Rodriguez Olivera Y, Beaudry F, Jacques M, Harel J. N-Acetyl-glucosamine influences the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:26. [PMID: 29977346 PMCID: PMC6013987 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal mucous layer is a physical barrier that limits the contact between bacteria and host epithelial cells. There is growing evidence that microbiota-produced metabolites can also be specifically sensed by gut pathogens as signals to induce or repress virulence genes. Many E. coli, including adherent and invasive (AIEC) strains, can form biofilm. This property can promote their intestinal colonization and resistance to immune mechanisms. We sought to evaluate the impact of mucus-derived sugars on biofilm formation of E. coli. Results We showed that the mucin sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) can reduce biofilm formation of AIEC strain LF82. We demonstrated that the inactivation of the regulatory protein NagC, by addition of NAG or by mutation of nagC gene, reduced the biofilm formation of LF82 in static condition. Interestingly, real-time monitoring of biofilm formation of LF82 using microfluidic system showed that the mutation of nagC impairs the early process of biofilm development of LF82. Thus, NAG sensor NagC is involved in the early steps of biofilm formation of AIEC strain LF82 under both static and dynamic conditions. Its implication is partly due to the activation of type 1 fimbriae. NAG can also influence biofilm formation of other intestinal E. coli strains. Conclusions This study highlights how catabolism can be involved in biofilm formation of E. coli. Mucus-derived sugars can influence virulence properties of pathogenic E. coli and this study will help us better understand the mechanisms used to prevent colonization of the intestinal mucosa by pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-018-0252-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Félix Sicard
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Philippe Vogeleer
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Guillaume Le Bihan
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Yaindrys Rodriguez Olivera
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- 2Regroupement de Recherche Pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Josée Harel
- 1Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Allaire JM, Morampudi V, Crowley SM, Stahl M, Yu H, Bhullar K, Knodler LA, Bressler B, Jacobson K, Vallance BA. Frontline defenders: goblet cell mediators dictate host-microbe interactions in the intestinal tract during health and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G360-G377. [PMID: 29122749 PMCID: PMC5899238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00181.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) are the predominant secretory epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Best known for their apical release of mucin 2 (Muc2), which is critical for the formation of the intestinal mucus barrier, GCs have often been overlooked for their active contributions to intestinal protection and host defense. In part, this oversight reflects the limited tools available to study their function but also because GCs have long been viewed as relatively passive players in promoting intestinal homeostasis and host defense. In light of recent studies, this perspective has shifted, as current evidence suggests that Muc2 as well as other GC mediators are actively released into the lumen to defend the host when the GI tract is challenged by noxious stimuli. The ability of GCs to sense and respond to danger signals, such as bacterial pathogens, has recently been linked to inflammasome signaling, potentially intrinsic to the GCs themselves. Moreover, further work suggests that GCs release Muc2, as well as other mediators, to modulate the composition of the gut microbiome, leading to both the expansion as well as the depletion of specific gut microbes. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which GCs actively defend the host from noxious stimuli, as well as describe advanced technologies and new approaches by which their responses can be addressed. Taken together, we will highlight current insights into this understudied, yet critical, aspect of intestinal mucosal protection and its role in promoting gut defense and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joannie M. Allaire
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijay Morampudi
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Crowley
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongbing Yu
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirandeep Bhullar
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leigh A. Knodler
- 2Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Brian Bressler
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Giallourou N, Medlock GL, Bolick DT, Medeiros PHQS, Ledwaba SE, Kolling GL, Tung K, Guerry P, Swann JR, Guerrant RL. A novel mouse model of Campylobacter jejuni enteropathy and diarrhea. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007083. [PMID: 29791507 PMCID: PMC5988333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infections are among the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea and of 'environmental enteropathy' (EE) and growth failure worldwide. However, the lack of an inexpensive small animal model of enteric disease with Campylobacter has been a major limitation for understanding its pathogenesis, interventions or vaccine development. We describe a robust standard mouse model that can exhibit reproducible bloody diarrhea or growth failure, depending on the zinc or protein deficient diet and on antibiotic alteration of normal microbiota prior to infection. Zinc deficiency and the use of antibiotics create a niche for Campylobacter infection to establish by narrowing the metabolic flexibility of these mice for pathogen clearance and by promoting intestinal and systemic inflammation. Several biomarkers and intestinal pathology in this model also mimic those seen in human disease. This model provides a novel tool to test specific hypotheses regarding disease pathogenesis as well as vaccine development that is currently in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Giallourou
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory L. Medlock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - David T. Bolick
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Pedro HQS Medeiros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Solanka E. Ledwaba
- Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Glynis L. Kolling
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Tung
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Patricia Guerry
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Elgamoudi BA, Ketley JM, Korolik V. New approach to distinguishing chemoattractants, chemorepellents and catabolised chemoeffectors for Campylobacter jejuni. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 146:83-91. [PMID: 29428740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotactic behaviour is an important part of the lifestyle of motile bacteria and enables cells to respond to various environmental stimuli. The Hard Agar Plug (HAP) method is used to study the chemotactic behaviour of bacteria, including the fastidious microaerophile Campylobacter jejuni, an intestinal pathogen of humans. However, the traditional HAP assay is not quantitative, is unsuitable for chemotaxis observation over short time periods and for the investigation of repellent taxis, and is prone to false-positive and -negative results. Here we report an accurate, rapid, and quantitative HAP-based chemotaxis assay, tHAP, for the investigation of bacterial chemotactic responses. The critical component of the new assay is the addition of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Enzymatic reduction of TTC to TFP-Red (1, 3, 5-Triphenylformazan) enables colourimetric detection of actively metabolising bacterial cells. Quantitative assessment of chemotaxis is achieved by colourimetric measurement or viability count over a period of 10 min to 3 h. Using the tHAP assay, we observed the dose-responsive chemotactic motility of C. jejuni cells along different concentrations of attractants aspartate and serine. Importantly, we have also designed a competitive tHAP assay to differentiate between repellents and attractants and to identify chemoeffectors that do not activate metabolism. IMPORTANCE The modified tHAP assay described here enables the exploration of the chemoresponse of Campylobacter jejuni towards chemorepellents, and catabolizable and non-catabolizable chemoattractants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam A Elgamoudi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Australia; Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M Ketley
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Clark CG, Chen CY, Berry C, Walker M, McCorrister SJ, Chong PM, Westmacott GR. Comparison of genomes and proteomes of four whole genome-sequenced Campylobacter jejuni from different phylogenetic backgrounds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190836. [PMID: 29293692 PMCID: PMC5749857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to assess the phylogenetic relationships, virulence and metabolic differences, and the relationship between gene carriage and host or niche differentiation among populations of C. jejuni isolates. We previously characterized the presence and expression of CJIE4 prophage proteins in four C. jejuni isolates using WGS and comparative proteomics analysis, but the isolates were not assessed further. In this study we compare the closed, finished genome sequences of these isolates to the total proteome. Genomes of the four isolates differ in phage content and location, plasmid content, capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis loci, a type VI secretion system, orientation of the ~92 kb invertible element, and allelic differences. Proteins with 99% sequence identity can be differentiated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) comparative proteomic methods. GO enrichment analysis and the type of artefacts produced in comparative proteomic analysis depend on whether proteins are encoded in only one isolate or common to all isolates, whether different isolates have different alleles of the proteins analyzed, whether conserved and variable regions are both present in the protein group analyzed, and on how the analysis is done. Several proteins encoded by genes with very high levels of sequence identity in all four isolates exhibited preferentially higher protein expression in only one of the four isolates, suggesting differential regulation among the isolates. It is possible to analyze comparative protein expression in more distantly related isolates in the context of WGS data, though the results are more complex to interpret than when isolates are clonal or very closely related. Comparative proteomic analysis produced log2 fold expression data suggestive of regulatory differences among isolates, indicating that it may be useful as a hypothesis generation exercise to identify regulated proteins and regulatory pathways for more detailed analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G. Clark
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Chih-yu Chen
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Bioinformatics Core, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Chrystal Berry
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew Walker
- Division of Enteric Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stuart J. McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick M. Chong
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Garrett R. Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Chemoreceptors in bacteria detect a variety of signals and feed this information into chemosensory pathways that represent a major mode of signal transduction. The five chemoreceptors from Escherichia coli have served as traditional models in the study of this protein family. Genome analyses revealed that many bacteria contain much larger numbers of chemoreceptors with broader sensory capabilities. Chemoreceptors differ in topology, sensing mode, cellular location, and, above all, the type of ligand binding domain (LBD). Here, we highlight LBD diversity using well-established and emerging model organisms as well as genomic surveys. Nearly a hundred different types of protein domains that are found in chemoreceptor sequences are known or predicted LBDs, but only a few of them are ubiquitous. LBDs of the same class recognize different ligands, and conversely, the same ligand can be recognized by structurally different LBDs; however, recent studies began to reveal common characteristics in signal-LBD relationships. Although signals can stimulate chemoreceptors in a variety of different ways, diverse LBDs appear to employ a universal transmembrane signaling mechanism. Current and future studies aim to establish relationships between LBD types, the nature of signals that they recognize, and the mechanisms of signal recognition and transduction.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sicard JF, Le Bihan G, Vogeleer P, Jacques M, Harel J. Interactions of Intestinal Bacteria with Components of the Intestinal Mucus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:387. [PMID: 28929087 PMCID: PMC5591952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by a variety of large amounts of microbes that are collectively called intestinal microbiota. Most of these microbial residents will grow within the mucus layer that overlies the gut epithelium and will act as the first line of defense against both commensal and invading microbes. This mucus is essentially formed by mucins, a family of highly glycosylated protein that are secreted by specialize cells in the gut. In this Review, we examine how commensal members of the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria use mucus to their advantage to promote their growth, develop biofilms and colonize the intestine. We also discuss how mucus-derived components act as nutrient and chemical cues for adaptation and pathogenesis of bacteria and how bacteria can influence the composition of the mucus layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Félix Sicard
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de MontréalSaint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Le Bihan
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de MontréalSaint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Vogeleer
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de MontréalSaint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Regroupement de Recherche Pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de MontréalSaint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Harel
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de MontréalSaint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Modulate Expression of Campylobacter jejuni Determinants Required for Commensalism and Virulence. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00407-17. [PMID: 28487428 PMCID: PMC5424204 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00407-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni promotes commensalism in the intestinal tracts of avian hosts and diarrheal disease in humans, yet components of intestinal environments recognized as spatial cues specific for different intestinal regions by the bacterium to initiate interactions in either host are mostly unknown. By analyzing a C. jejuni acetogenesis mutant defective in converting acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) to acetate and commensal colonization of young chicks, we discovered evidence for in vivo microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids as cues recognized by C. jejuni that modulate expression of determinants required for commensalism. We identified a set of C. jejuni genes encoding catabolic enzymes and transport systems for amino acids required for in vivo growth whose expression was modulated by SCFAs. Transcription of these genes was reduced in the acetogenesis mutant but was restored upon supplementation with physiological concentrations of the SCFAs acetate and butyrate present in the lower intestinal tracts of avian and human hosts. Conversely, the organic acid lactate, which is abundant in the upper intestinal tract where C. jejuni colonizes less efficiently, reduced expression of these genes. We propose that microbiota-generated SCFAs and lactate are cues for C. jejuni to discriminate between different intestinal regions. Spatial gradients of these metabolites likely allow C. jejuni to locate preferred niches in the lower intestinal tract and induce expression of factors required for intestinal growth and commensal colonization. Our findings provide insights into the types of cues C. jejuni monitors in the avian host for commensalism and likely in humans to promote diarrheal disease. Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal of the intestinal tracts of avian species and other animals and a leading cause of diarrheal disease in humans. The types of cues sensed by C. jejuni to influence responses to promote commensalism or infection are largely lacking. By analyzing a C. jejuni acetogenesis mutant, we discovered a set of genes whose expression is modulated by lactate and short-chain fatty acids produced by the microbiota in the intestinal tract. These genes include those encoding catabolic enzymes and transport systems for amino acids that are required by C. jejuni for in vivo growth and intestinal colonization. We propose that gradients of these microbiota-generated metabolites are cues for spatial discrimination between areas of the intestines so that the bacterium can locate niches in the lower intestinal tract for optimal growth for commensalism in avian species and possibly infection of human hosts leading to diarrheal disease.
Collapse
|