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Hill RC, Gold JAW, Lipner SR. Comprehensive Review of Tinea Capitis in Adults: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentations, and Management. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:357. [PMID: 38786712 PMCID: PMC11122068 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair caused by dermatophyte molds, that most often affects children and may also affect adults. Previous estimates suggest that between 3% and 11% of all tinea capitis cases worldwide occur in adults, although updated epidemiological studies are needed to reassess the prevalence of tinea capitis in adult populations specifically. Postmenopausal adult women are most often affected by tinea capitis, with African American or Black women particularly at risk. Adults who experience crowded living conditions, who live in close proximity to animals, who are immunosuppressed, and/or who live in households with affected children are at greatest risk of infection. Tinea capitis can be non-inflammatory or inflammatory in nature, and the subtype affects the extent and severity of clinical symptoms. Fungal culture and potassium hydroxide preparations are the most commonly used diagnostic tools. Trichoscopy, defined as dermoscopic imaging of the scalp and hair, is a useful adjunct to the physical examination. The mainstay of therapy is oral antifungal therapy, and topical therapy alone is not recommended. Since tinea capitis infection is uncommon in adults, there are no widely accepted treatment guidelines. Rather, the same medications used for tinea capitis infection among children are recommended for adults at varying doses, including griseofulvin, and terbinafine, and, less commonly, itraconazole and fluconazole. The prognosis for tinea capitis in adults is typically excellent when prompt and adequate treatment is administered; however, delayed diagnosis or inadequate treatment can result in scarring alopecia. Over the past decade, dermatophyte infections resistant to treatment with topical and oral antifungal agents have emerged. While tinea capitis infections resistant to antifungal therapy have been rarely reported to date, antifungal resistance is rising among superficial fungal infections in general, and antifungal stewardship is necessary to ensure that resistance to treatment does not develop among dermatophytes that cause tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy A. W. Gold
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shari R. Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Dascalu J, Zaaroura H, Renert-Yuval Y, Khamaysi Z, Avitan-Hersh E, Friedland R. Pediatric Tinea Capitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study from 2010 to 2021. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030366. [PMID: 36983534 PMCID: PMC10054890 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric tinea capitis displays a wide range of prevalence, with significant variability among populations. We retrospectively extracted the medical records of 456 pediatric patients diagnosed with tinea capitis during the years 2010–2021, from the dermatology outpatient clinics in two tertiary medical centers. Three species were isolated in 90% of patients: T. tonsurans, M. canis, and T. violaceum. While T. tonsurans presented a six-fold increase in incidence during the years 2019–2021, M. canis maintained stable incidence rates. Furthermore, terbinafine was the most efficient antifungal agent against T. tonsurans, achieving complete clinical clearance in 95% of patients, as compared to fluconazole (68%) and griseofulvin (38%) (p < 0.001). The mycological cure was recorded in 61/90 (68%) of patients with available data, at an average of 10 weeks. For patients with M. canis, griseofulvin and fluconazole were equally efficient (73% and 66%, respectively) (p = 0.44). Kerion was described in 36% and 14% of patients with T. tonsurans and M. canis, respectively, (p < 0.001). In conclusion, since 2019, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of T. tonsurans, establishing this pathogen as the most common cause for tinea capitis in our population. Our data suggest that terbinafine is effective and presents high cure rates for tinea capitis in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dascalu
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Hiba Zaaroura
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel;
| | - Ziyad Khamaysi
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
- Correspondence: (E.A.-H.); (R.F.)
| | - Rivka Friedland
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (E.A.-H.); (R.F.)
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Doumbo SN, Cissoko Y, Dama S, Niangaly A, Garango A, Konaté A, Koné A, Traoré B, Thera M, Djimde A, Denning DW. The estimated burden of fungal diseases in Mali. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101333. [PMID: 36270216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mali is a developing country facing several health challenges with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. Little is known or done about fungal diseases, yet they represent a significant public health problem in certain populations. The aim of this study was to estimate the national burden of fungal disease, and summarize data, diagnostic and treatment gaps. We used national demographics and PubMed searches to retrieve articles on published data on these infections and at-risk populations (pulmonary TB, HIV/AIDS patients, patients receiving critical care etc.) in Mali. The estimated Malian population was 21,251,000 in 2020 (UN), of which 45% were children <14 years. Among HIV patients, we estimate an annual incidence of 611 cryptococcosis, 1393 Pneumocystis pneumonia, 180 histoplasmosis and >5,700 esophageal candidiasis and some microsporidiosis cases. Our prevalence estimates for tinea capitis are 2.3 million, for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis 272,460, ∼60,000 fungal asthma and 7,290 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (often mistaken for TB). Less common acute fungal infections are probably invasive aspergillosis (n=1230), fungal keratitis (n=2820), candidaemia (>1,060) and mucormycosis (n=43). Histoplasmin was found in 6% in general population. A few cases of mycetoma are described in Mali. Many WHO Essential medicines and Diagnostics are not available in Mali. This shows a marked disparity in documented and estimated cases of fungal diseases in Mali. These infections are underestimated due to the lack of accurate diagnosis tools and lack of support for fungal diseases diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiatou Niaré Doumbo
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali.
| | - Yacouba Cissoko
- Infectious disease and tropical medicine Unit, CHU Point G Bamako, Mali
| | - Souleymane Dama
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Niangaly
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Adam Garango
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Ahmed Konaté
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Koné
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Traoré
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Thera
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Djimde
- Department of epidemiology in parasitic diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - David W Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Core Technology Facility Grafton Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Global Action for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
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de Almeida MTG, de Almeida BG, Siqueira JPZ, Byzynski Soares G, Sigari Morais V, Mitsue Yasuoka FM, Ghiglieno F. Ultraviolet-C Light-emitting Device Against Microorganisms in Beauty Salons. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:49-59. [PMID: 35795726 PMCID: PMC9249058 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i1.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is also known as germicidal radiation, and it is widely used for decontamination and disinfection of environments, water, and food. The ultraviolet source transfers electromagnetic energy from a mercury arc lamp to an organism's genetic material. When UV radiation penetrates the cell wall of an organism, it destroys the cell's ability to reproduce, through a physical and not chemical process. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of a new UV-C generating device (Asepsis) against clinically important microorganisms that may be present in beauty centers. Methods We present here a set of tests performed on tools easy to find in beauty salons (hair-brushes, nail pliers, makeup brushes, and, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, face mask samples). They were individually contaminated with bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur), and the Chikungunya virus. Different times of exposure were evaluated (1, 3, and 5 minutes). Results There was notable reduction in the microbial load in every test, in comparison with control groups. Best results were observed on face mask samples, while the makeup brush showed less reduction, even with longer periods of exposure. Conclusions Beauty salons present a risk of infections due to microbial exposure. The device tested can efficiently inactivate, in a short time, microorganisms contaminating most tools found in this setting. The device also showed promising results against enveloped virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Gottardo de Almeida
- Universidade Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), campus of São José do Rio Preto (Ibilce), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Filippo Ghiglieno
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) – Laboratório de Óptica, Laser e Fotônica (OLAF), São Carlos, Brazil
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Evaluation of the Multiplex Real-Time PCR DermaGenius ® Assay for the Detection of Dermatophytes in Hair Samples from Senegal. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010011. [PMID: 35049951 PMCID: PMC8781194 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the successful treatment of dermatophytoses, especially tinea capitis, there is a need for accurate and rapid diagnostic methods. A lot of recent literature has focused on the detection of dermatophytes directly on sample material such as nails, hair and skin scrapings. Molecular tools offer the ability to rapidly diagnose dermatophytosis within 48 h. This study aimed to compare the results of a commercial real-time PCR (real-time PCR) assay DermaGenius®(DG) 2.0 complete multiplex kit with those of conventional diagnostic methods (direct microscopy and culture). A total of 129 hair samples were collected in Dakar (Senegal) from patients suspected of dermatophytosis. DG was applied for the molecular detection of Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum/soudanense, T. interdigitale, T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes, T. violaceum, Microsporum canis, M. audouinii, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. benhamiae and T. verrucosum. Dermatophytes species and C. albicans were differentiated by melting curve analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay were 89.3% and 75.3%, respectively. DG PCR was significantly more sensitive than culture (p < 0.001). DG PCR is fast and robust to contamination. In this paper, the main questions discussed were the replacement of culture by a broad-spectrum fungal real-time PCR and the implementation of DG PCR into a routine laboratory in Senegal.
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Nowicka D, Nawrot U. Tinea pedis-An embarrassing problem for health and beauty-A narrative review. Mycoses 2021; 64:1140-1150. [PMID: 34145648 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections present with a broad spectrum of diseases in humans (from relatively mild superficial infections of the skin and mucous membranes to the invasive or chronic infections of internal organs, which have a high mortality rate). Globally, up to 1.6 million people die each year as a result of various types of mycoses. Currently, many scientific studies focus on the best possible understanding of the aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of invasive mycoses and effective methods to combat them. However, mycoses of the skin and its appendages remain a relatively less explored area. In some communities, superficial mycoses are a frequent problem as they affect nearly 70% of the population, an example of which is the athlete's foot. It involves the nails (onychomycosis) and skin (tinea pedis). It is mainly caused by keratin-decomposing dermatophyte fungi. Less often, infections are caused by non-dermatophyte moulds (Fusarium, Aspergillus, Scopulariopsis) or yeasts. Several factors have been listed as having substantial influence on the development of dermatophytosis, including those related to climate, season, geographical region, as well as to demography, socioeconomic and cultural customs, professions or contact with animals. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostics and therapy of tinea pedis with a special focus to the role of podologic management in spreading, prevention and therapy of mycoses. The article presents up-to-date knowledge on the management of the patient from the diagnosis, treatment and skincare, to counselling on how to prevent fungal skin infections in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Tinea Capitis Caused by Microsporum audouninii: A Report of Two Cases from Côte D'Ivoire, West Africa. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010009. [PMID: 33445615 PMCID: PMC7838880 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here two cases of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum (M.) audouinii in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. The patients were a three-year-old boy and a six-year-old girl who presented with scaly patches on the scalp. The causative fungus was isolated using an adhesive tape-sampling method and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. It was identified as M. audouinii both by its macroscopic and microscopic features, confirmed by DNA sequencing. These are the first documented cases of M. audouinii infections confirmed with DNA sequencing to be reported from Côte d’Ivoire. The practicality of the tape-sampling method makes it possible to carry out epidemiological surveys evaluating the distribution of these dermatophytic infections in remote, resource-limited settings.
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Müller VL, Kappa-Markovi K, Hyun J, Georgas D, Silberfarb G, Paasch U, Uhrlaß S, Nenoff P, Schaller J. Tinea capitis et barbae caused by Trichophyton tonsurans: A retrospective cohort study of an infection chain after shavings in barber shops. Mycoses 2020; 64:428-436. [PMID: 33341968 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by dermatophytes. In Central Europe, it is mainly caused by zoophilic dermatophytes, as, for example Microsporum (M) canis or Trichophyton (T) mentagrophytes and increasingly by anthropophilic fungi. T tonsurans was commonly related to the Tinea gladiatorum, where transmission occurred between infected persons or via contaminated floors. OBJECTIVE Reporting the transmission of this highly contagious dermatophyte for the first time via beard shaving and hairdressing in barber shops in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS 18 young male patients developed tinea capitis and/or barbae shortly after shavings of the beard and/or hair in a barber shop. Native, cultural and molecular diagnostics as well as tissue biopsies and resistance tests were performed of skin and hair samples. RESULTS In all samples, T tonsurans could be identified. The medical history and the clinical picture suggest a transmission through contaminated hairdressing tools. The patients were treated with terbinafine or itraconazole in combination with or exclusively with topical antimycotics. CONCLUSION The transmission and a resulting increase in the incidence of infections with T tonsurans may be due to shavings with direct skin contact of insufficiently disinfected hairdressing tools. This path of infection has already been observed in Africa and is now being described for the first time in Germany. Knowledge of the pathogen and its transmission ways are essential to interrupt the chain of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Laura Müller
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Helios Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Korina Kappa-Markovi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Helios Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hyun
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Helios Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Georgas
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Helios Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Paasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Uhrlaß
- Labor für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. P. Nenoff und Dr. C. Krüger, Rötha OT Mölbis, Germany
| | - Pietro Nenoff
- Labor für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. P. Nenoff und Dr. C. Krüger, Rötha OT Mölbis, Germany
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Dermatopathologie Duisburg, Prof. J. Schaller und Dr. C. Hendricks, Duisburg, Germany
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Faway É, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. In vitro models of dermatophyte infection to investigate epidermal barrier alterations. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:915-922. [PMID: 29957851 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections of the skin, known as dermatophytoses, are initiated at the epidermal barrier and lead to dysfunctions of the stratum corneum and cornified skin appendages. Dermatophytosis affects a significant part of the human population and, despite the availability of effective treatments, its prevalence is still increasing. Numerous dermatophyte species are able to induce lesions in both animals and humans, with different clinical pictures and host inflammatory responses. The understanding of the infectious process and of tissue responses has been impeded by discrepancies between observations in vivo or in research models. Indeed, cells cultured as monolayers do not undergo the keratinization process required to study the adherence and invasion of dermatophytes. Animal models lack relevance to study human dermatophytosis because of species-specific differences in the development of lesions and inflammatory responses. This review focuses on the recent development of cultured human skin equivalents, which partly overcomes those limitations and allows improved understanding of the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis in human being, especially the impacts of infection on epidermal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Faway
- URPhyM-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Yves Poumay
- URPhyM-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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da Cunha MM, Capote-Bonato F, Capoci IRG, Bonato DV, Ghizzi LG, Paiva-Lima P, Baeza LC, Svidzinski TIE. Epidemiological investigation and molecular typing of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in dogs and cats. Prev Vet Med 2019; 167:39-45. [PMID: 31027719 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was investigate the prevalence of dermatophytes in dogs, cats and environment floor through molecular epidemiology tools to identify the genetic profile of these infectious agents. This was an observational study with cross-sectional surveys design. Sample were collected from the hair and skin of 52 dogs and cats with the clinical suspicion of dermatophytosis, over a period of one year in Maringá, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Household samples (carpets and floor), were collected from animals that were positive for dermatophytosis by morphological colonies characteristics, and samples of dogs or cats living in the same household as with the positive animals were also collected. After mycological confirmation, molecular typing was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Microsporum canis was the unic dermatophyto isolated whose prevalence was 26.9% (14/52) in animals with the clinical suspicion of dermatophytosis and four other animals that lived with positive animals. As some animals had more than one lesion site, there were 22 total positive cultures from samples from animals and another ten from abiotic sources. The majority of the animals that provided positive cultures for M. canis were aged up to five months (77.8%) and were female (66.7%). Molecular typing using the P1 primer revealed genetically distinct profiles in the symptomatic, asymptomatic and environmental animal samples, or the same animal, furthermore, showed that M. canis could have microevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Milano da Cunha
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Francieli Capote-Bonato
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Isis Regina Grenier Capoci
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Denis Vinicius Bonato
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Ghedin Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Paiva-Lima
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Teaching Union of Southwest Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, 85605-040, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil.
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Melo P, Lança A, Mané BA, Regalla A, Ferreira da Silva MJ, Tavares L, Bernardo F, Oliveira M. Tinea corporis by Microsporum audouinii in a female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) from Guinea-Bissau: A case report. J Med Primatol 2018; 47:419-422. [PMID: 30142242 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a Microsporum audouinii infection in a female juvenile chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) presenting generalized dermatitis compatible with dermatophytosis. Dermatophyte was identified by macro- and microscopic characterization of skin and scales cultures in Mycosel Agar. The topical treatment applied was effective, having the potential for dermatophytosis treatment in immunocompetent primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anabela Lança
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Braima Amadeu Mané
- Serviço de Laboratório Nacional Veterinária-Bissau, Direcção Geral da Pecuária, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
| | - Aissa Regalla
- Departamento de Seguimento de Espécies e Habitats, Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
| | - Maria Joana Ferreira da Silva
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.,CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CAPP, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis Tavares
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Bernardo
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Gits-Muselli M, Benderdouche M, Hamane S, Mingui A, Feuilhade de Chauvin M, Guigue N, Picat MQ, Bourrat E, Petit A, Bagot M, Alanio A, Bretagne S. Continuous increase of Trichophyton tonsurans as a cause of tinea capitis in the urban area of Paris, France: a 5-year-long study. Med Mycol 2018; 55:476-484. [PMID: 27744309 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis (TC) is a highly contagious fungal infection of the scalp due to dermatophytes in children. To obtain information on the epidemiology of TC in the urban area of Paris, we analysed the microbiological results of 3090 patients seen with suspected TC from October 2010 to September 2015 at Saint Louis hospital, Paris, France. A peak of TC was observed in 3-6 year-old children, followed by a progressive decrease until 16 years of age. Of the 1311 positive cultures, 95% (1246) yielded one of the three anthropophilic species [Trichophyton tonsurans (33.5%), Trichophyton soudanense (38.3%), or Microsporum audouinii (28.2%)]. When considering one TC case per family, we observed a significant increase of T. tonsurans (P = .018) during these 5 years. The increase was more pronounced (P = .0047) in patients of West-African descent (n = 666), and was at the expense of M. audouinii and T. soudanense. On the other hand, the Caribbean patients (n = 85) remained predominantly (72.9%) infected by T. tonsurans. Our results show a better virulence of T. tonsurans over other species as already reported. Since T. tonsurans has not been reported in Africa, the infection of patients of West-African descent probably took place in the Paris area by exchanges with Caribbean patients. This increase of TC due to T. tonsurans was observed in the context of griseofulvin being the only licensed paediatric treatment for TC in France, which should deserve reappraisal because terbinafine may be more efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Gits-Muselli
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Mazouz Benderdouche
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal
| | - Samia Hamane
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal
| | - Anselme Mingui
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal
| | - Martine Feuilhade de Chauvin
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Nicolas Guigue
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal
| | - Marie-Quitterie Picat
- Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal
| | - Emmanuelle Bourrat
- Service de dermatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP
| | - Antoine Petit
- Service de dermatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP
| | - Martine Bagot
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité.,Service de dermatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, AP-HP
| | - Alexandre Alanio
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité.,Inserm U976.,Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Center of Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bretagne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité.,Inserm U976.,Institut Pasteur, Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Center of Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Paris, France
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Marcoux D, Dang J, Auguste H, McCuaig C, Powell J, Hatami A, Maari C, Le Meur JB. Emergence of African species of dermatophytes in tinea capitis: A 17-year experience in a Montreal pediatric hospital. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:323-328. [PMID: 29573445 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An increase in dermatophyte infections caused by African species is reported in countries receiving African immigrants. Our goal was to determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of tinea capitis in children infected with African species of dermatophytes in Montreal, Canada. METHODS Demographic and clinical data from medical records of children infected with African species of dermatophytes were retrieved retrospectively (2000-2016) at Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center. RESULTS In Montreal, the number of tinea capitis cases caused by African species of dermatophytes increased sixfold over 17 years. African immigrant children (84%), men and boys (61%), and preschoolers (2-5 years old) (51%) were the most frequently affected in our 315 cases. Family contamination was frequent (45%). Referring physicians prescribed systemic antifungal treatment in 39% of cases and pediatric dermatologist consultants in 90%. Treatment failure to oral terbinafine occurred in 39% of Microsporum audouinii infections. CONCLUSION In Montreal, there was a significant increase in tinea capitis caused by African species of dermatophytes. Microsporum audouinii is highly transmissible and often resistant to oral terbinafine. Recognizing tinea capitis trends in a given environment will improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Marcoux
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Dang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Catherine McCuaig
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Afshin Hatami
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Maari
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Le Meur
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Nenoff P, Krüger C, Schulze I, Koch D, Rahmig N, Hipler UC, Uhrlaß S. Tinea capitis und Onychomykose durch Trichophyton soudanense. Hautarzt 2018; 69:737-750. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How? Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:671-707. [PMID: 28490578 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00043-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping studies of medically important fungi have addressed elucidation of outbreaks, nosocomial transmissions, infection routes, and genotype-phenotype correlations, of which secondary resistance has been most intensively investigated. Two methods have emerged because of their high discriminatory power and reproducibility: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) using short tandem repeat (STR) markers. MLST relies on single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding regions of housekeeping genes. STR polymorphisms are based on the number of repeats of short DNA fragments, mostly outside coding regions, and thus are expected to be more polymorphic and more rapidly evolving than MLST markers. There is no consensus on a universal typing system. Either one or both of these approaches are now available for Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and endemic mycoses. The choice of the method and the number of loci to be tested depend on the clinical question being addressed. Next-generation sequencing is becoming the most appropriate method for fungi with no MLP or MLST typing available. Whatever the molecular tool used, collection of clinical data (e.g., time of hospitalization and sharing of similar rooms) is mandatory for investigating outbreaks and nosocomial transmission.
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Coulibaly O, L’Ollivier C, Piarroux R, Ranque S. Epidemiology of human dermatophytoses in Africa. Med Mycol 2017; 56:145-161. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brito-Santos F, Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Coelho RA, Sales A, Almeida-Paes R. Tinea Capitis by Microsporum audouinii: Case Reports and Review of Published Global Literature 2000-2016. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:1053-1060. [PMID: 28736794 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum audouinii is reported herein from two Brazilian schoolchildren, which are brothers. Arthroconidia were evidenced on direct examination of scalp hair, and a fungus of the genus Microsporum was isolated from cultures of each patient. The isolated fungi were classified as M. audouinii by visualization of species-specific structures, including: pectinate hyphae, chlamydospores, and fusiform macroconidia, sterile growth with characteristic brown pigment in rice grains, and through DNA sequencing of the internal transcriber spacer region. Patients were refractory to ketoconazole, but the two cases had a satisfactory response to oral terbinafine. All M. audouinii infections described in this century were reviewed, and to our knowledge, this is the first literature description of this species from South America. Misidentification of M. audouinii with Microsporum canis can occur in this area, leading to erroneous data about the occurrence of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Brito-Santos
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365 - Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rowena Alves Coelho
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365 - Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna Sales
- Souza Araujo Outpatient Clinics, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil 4365 - Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Zhan P, Liu W. The Changing Face of Dermatophytic Infections Worldwide. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:77-86. [PMID: 27783316 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes evolve along with the geography and socioeconomic conditions. Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton schoenleinii acted as the major pathogens of superficial fungal diseases 100 years ago, but their frequency decreased dramatically since the middle of the twentieth century and they are limited to some less-developed countries nowadays; meanwhile, frequency of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis increased gradually, and these fungi have become the major species globally. Some other dermatophytes, i.e., Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum, are mainly endemic in some parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. At present, T. rubrum is the leading pathogen for skin and nail fungal infections, whereas M. canis, T. tonsurans and T. violaceum present as the predominant dermatophytes involved in tinea capitis. Population mobility, changes in human lifestyle and advents of antifungal drugs will continually drive the dermatophyte evolution in the skin microenvironment. Comprehensive observation is needed to better understand this kind of organisms and prospect the trends of their changes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhan
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province and Dermatology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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Hayette MP, Sacheli R. Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-015-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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