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Tan WY, Chen JN, Lu SH, Liu CQ, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Song LQ, Miao CY, Smith GD. Latent profiles of academic resilience in undergraduate nursing students and their association with resilience and self-efficacy. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103949. [PMID: 38593563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of academic resilience among nursing students using latent profile analysis and its associated influencing factors. BACKGROUND Nursing students experience higher levels of stress compared to their peers in other professions, and the cultivation of academic resilience plays a pivotal role in their ability to effectively cope with this stress. Academic resilience not only facilitates success in the face of academic adversity but also contributes to the promotion of mental well-being among nursing students. However, the current research on the academic resilience of nursing students has predominantly focused on a scale-centered total score approach, disregarding individual variability, and hindering the development to inform personalized interventions for enhancing academic resilience. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sampling method was used to collect a total of 644 nursing students from two medical schools in Guangzhou City. The participants were recruited through an online survey conducted from January to March 2023. The questionnaires consisted of a general information form, the Chinese version of the Academic Resilience Scale-30 (C-ARS-30), the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct categories of academic resilience among nursing students, and influencing factors were examined through ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The academic resilience levels of nursing students can be divided into three potential categories: 'low academic resilience' (13.0%), 'moderate academic resilience' (70.0%), and 'high academic resilience' (17.0%). Level of grade, GPA, self-reported physical health level, resilience and self-efficacy were significantly influenced the different categories of academic resilience of nursing students (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The majority of undergraduate nursing students were placed in the moderate academic resilience group, however, educational institutions should pay special attention to nursing students demonstrating low levels. Regular assessments of academic resilience are recommended, and personalized interventions should be tailored to address specific academic resilience characteristics across different grades of nursing students. Strategies aimed at enhancing academic resilience among nursing students may include improvements in GPA performance, attention to physical health, and the reinforcement of resilience and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Tan
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Jia-Ni Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Sui-Hua Lu
- School of Guangzhou Health Science College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510450, China
| | - Chun-Qin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Li-Qin Song
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Chu-Yuan Miao
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Graeme D Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Ahluwalia M, Shillington KJ, Irwin JD. The relationship between resilience and mental health of undergraduate students: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37856363 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to examine what is known about the relationship between the resilience and mental health of undergraduate students enrolled in university or college programs, globally. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched, yielding a total of 1,498 articles that were screened independently by two researchers. Thirteen articles were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The mental health of undergraduate students in the studies reviewed ranged from low to moderate. Undergraduate students also reported high, moderate, and low levels of resilience. Further, resilience was positively correlated with mental well-being. CONCLUSION Findings revealed that the mental health of undergraduate students was poor. Given the established relationship between students' mental health and resilience, evidence-based approaches aimed at strengthening students' resilience, such as providing opportunities for social support, are warranted in order to improve students' mental health. Additional research to rigorously assess this relationship in representative student populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvir Ahluwalia
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie J Shillington
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lewańczyk AM, Langham-Walsh E, Edwards L, Branney P, Walters ER, Mitchell P, Vaportzis E. Back Onside protocol: A physical activity intervention to improve health outcomes in people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 97:102204. [PMID: 36529025 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the effects of physical activity on people's mental and physical health, a better understanding is needed of how physical activity interventions may impact the health of people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. This has added urgency in the context of rising rates of poverty-related unemployment in the UK in 2022. The current paper details the protocol used in the evaluation of the Back Onside Programme; a community-based programme delivered by the Bradford Bulls Foundation in the Bradford District. The Programme supports people from low socio-economic backgrounds who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment to maintain regular physical activity through a ten-week physical activity intervention. This pilot study evaluates how a physical activity intervention may impact the mental and physical health of people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment in an uncontrolled pragmatic pilot study. Four cohorts run back-to-back between May 2021 and May 2022, with separate groups for men (N = 100) and women (N = 60). Physical and wellbeing assessment at baseline and post-intervention is conducted. If the intervention works in this context for these individuals, it will be a promising low-cost community-based intervention for people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Edwards
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Peter Branney
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Walters
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Eleftheria Vaportzis
- University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK.
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Xiao W, Liu X, Wang H, Huang Y, Dai Z, Si M, Fu J, Chen X, Jia M, Leng Z, Cui D, Mak WWS, Dong L, Su X. Mediating role of resilience in the relationship between COVID-19 related stigma and mental health among COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 36978095 PMCID: PMC10043530 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused many negative effects on physical and mental health of patients who have survived COVID-19. Apart from some long-lasting physical sequelae, those COVID-19 survivors are also suffering stigma and discrimination at different levels around the world. The current study aims to assess the role resilience played in stigma and mental disorders among COVID-19 survivors. METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out among former COVID-19 patients in Jianghan District (Wuhan, China) from June 10 to July 25, 2021. The demographic questions, the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Resilience Style Questionnaire and the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale of 12 items were used to collect relevant information of the participants. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to make data description and analysis. RESULTS A total of 1541 out of 1601 COVID-19 survivors (887 females and 654 males) were included in the analysis. Perceived stigma of those COVID-19 survivors correlates significantly with anxiety (r = 0.335, P < 0.001), depression (r = 0.325, P < 0.001) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (r = 0.384, P < 0.001). It has a direct effect on COVID-19 survivors' anxiety (β = 0.326, P < 0.001), depression (β = 0.314, P < 0.001), PTSD (β = 0.385, P < 0.001) and their resilience (β = - 0.114, P < 0.01). Resilience partially mediated the association between perceived stigma and anxiety (β = 0.020, P < 0.01), depression (β = 0.020, P < 0.01), and PTSD (β = 0.014, P < 0.01) among COVID-19 survivors. CONCLUSION Stigma has a significant negative impact on mental health, while resilience plays a mediator role in the relationship between stigma and mental health among COVID-19 survivors. Based on our study, we suggested that when designing psychological interventions for COVID-19 survivors, consideration should be taken into account to reduce stigma and improve resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Diversity and Well-Being Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 31 BeiJiGe San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Chen M, Peng DY, Hou WX, Li Y, Li JK, Zhang HX. Study of quality of life and its correlated factors in patients after lumbar fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Front Surg 2023; 9:939591. [PMID: 36684249 PMCID: PMC9852631 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.939591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the present work, we aimed to explore the correlated factors of quality of life in patients receiving lumbar fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) in China. Methods A total of 180 patients treated with lumbar fusion were included in the present study. Their general demographic characteristics, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (MOS SF-36) were collected and evaluated preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. Results There were significant improvements in scores of VAS, JOA, and quality of life of patients from preoperation to 1-year postoperation after lumbar fusion. Marital status, with or without children, education level, economic pressure, and social support had significant predictive effects on the physical health of patients undergoing lumbar fusion. Marital status, education level, and economic pressure had significant predictive effects on the mental health of patients undergoing lumbar fusion. Conclusions Factors correlated with the physical health of patients after lumbar fusion included positive coping style, negative coping style, social support, age, education level (high school college), disease duration (5-10), suffering from other diseases (combined with two or more other disease) and the number of surgical segments (double and three or more). Factors correlated with the mental health included negative coping style, social support, age, education level (middle school and high school college) and the number of surgical segments (double and three or more). The results verify that these factors were correlated to the patient's quality of life after lumbar fusion. Emphasizing and selectively intervening these correlated factors can further improve the quality of life in patients receiving lumbar fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shangdong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Da-Yong Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shangdong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Kun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shangdong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shangdong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Rojas-Navarrete J, Leal-Costa C, de La Morena Valenzuela G, Morales-Moreno I, Jiménez-Ruiz I, Echevarría-Pérez P. Validity and reliability of the measurement instrument of the nursing outcome health-related Physical Fitness (2004), proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:340. [PMID: 36463204 PMCID: PMC9719198 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presently, physical inactivity is the main public health problem in many countries worldwide. Physical activity promotes the maintenance or improvement of one's physical condition. Physical fitness has been established as the main biological marker of the state of health of an individual, and therefore, there is a clear need to measure health-related physical fitness through the use of a reliable and valid instrument. This study is a continuation of the transcultural adaptation process and a new proposal of the nursing outcome Physical Fitness (2004), found in the 5th Edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification. The objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the nursing outcome Health-Related Physical Fitness survey, proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context. METHODS An instrumental study to validate the nursing outcome Physical Fitness (2004), from the 5th Edition of the Nursing Outcome Classification was carried out. It took place between the months of May, 2016 to May, 2017. On the first stage, the instrument proposed Health-Related Physical Fitness survey was administered to 160 adults who used the Health Services of Murcia, Spain by three independent evaluators. After 4 weeks, it was administered again to 33 participants to calculate the intra-rater reliability. Lastly, the SF-12v2 Health Survey was administered to obtain external evidence of validity. RESULTS The inter-rater reliability of the nursing outcome proposed obtained high values (between 0.91-0.99) in the evaluations performed by the three evaluators. As for the intra-rater reliability, high values were obtained (0.94-1), except for the item "balance", which was moderate (0.56). Lastly, a positive and statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was obtained between the Physical Component Summary, and the dimensions Physical Functioning and General Health from the SF-12v2 Health Survey, and the global score of the Health-Related Physical Fitness proposed instrument. CONCLUSIONS The validity and reliability results of the nursing outcome Health-Related Physical Fitness survey, proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context, were adequate for its use by nurses with adults who use the Health Services of Murcia. However, this instrument must be analyzed with more diverse samples of health services users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rojas-Navarrete
- grid.411967.c0000 0001 2288 3068Doctoral Program in Health Sciences, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, RN Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - César Leal-Costa
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Morales-Moreno
- grid.411967.c0000 0001 2288 3068Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Ruiz
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paloma Echevarría-Pérez
- grid.411967.c0000 0001 2288 3068Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Linden B, Ecclestone A, Stuart H. A scoping review and evaluation of instruments used to measure resilience among post-secondary students. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101227. [PMID: 36177483 PMCID: PMC9513163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As mental health problems continue to increase among post-secondary populations, the need to develop effective initiatives designed to bolster students’ resilience has increasingly been identified as a priority. Therefore, access to valid tools with which to measure the efficacy of these interventions is imperative. To date, a comprehensive assessment of existing instruments used to evaluate the construct of resilience among post-secondary student populations has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by conducting a scoping review of literature detailing the use of resilience instruments and evaluating their quality based on suitability for use in the post-secondary setting and associated psychometric evidence. We identified a total of 78 records published between 2010 and 2022, extracting a total of 12 instruments. Using detailed criteria frameworks, each instrument was assessed in terms of suitability and quality of associated psychometric evidence for validity and reliability. The results of our study suggest that many of the instruments currently being used to assess resilience among post-secondary students may not be appropriate. The majority of the instruments included in our review were developed for use among general adult populations and not specifically designed for use in the post-secondary setting. Most instruments did not assess resilience in a comprehensive, holistic matter that addressed the ability to bounce back from adversity by drawing upon psychological, social, cultural, and environmental resources, as defined by recent research. Further, no instruments included in our review had published evidence in support of a complete psychometric analysis. The results of our evaluation suggest that the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary populations due to its suitability, comprehensive assessment of the construct of resilience, and demonstrably strong psychometric properties for both the 25- and 10-item versions of the tool. There is a need for access to valid and appropriate tools with which to measure post-secondary students’ resilience. We identified a total of 12 instruments evaluating resilience among post-secondary student populations. The majority of the instruments were not designed for use in the post-secondary setting and were not comprehensive· We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable. We recommend the CD-RISC as the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Departments of Public Health Sciences, Psychiatry and School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Canada
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Chua JH, Cheng CKT, Cheng LJ, Ang WHD, Lau Y. Global prevalence of resilience in higher education students: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) Improves Fitness in Recruit Firefighters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413400. [PMID: 34949008 PMCID: PMC8704463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firefighting is a strenuous profession requiring adequate levels of fitness for effective job performance. Providing firefighters with a safe and effective fitness program is essential for optimal performance. The purpose of this project was to examine changes in various parameters of physical fitness and firefighter ability following a 7-week high intensity functional training (HIFT) program. METHODS Participants were male firefighter recruits (N = 89; age = 27.1 ± 4.2 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.1 m, BMI = 28.1 ± 4.2) enrolled in a Basic Operations Firefighter Academy. Fitness and firefighting ability (via the Academy Firefighter Challenge) were assessed at Weeks 1 and 7 of the Academy. RESULTS Significant improvements in both fitness and firefighter ability were seen following the HIFT program. Specifically, fitness (BMI, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance) improved significantly [Hotelling's T2 = 8.98, F(5, 84) = 150.92, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.90]. Firefighter ability also improved significantly [Hotelling's T2 = 3.95, F(7, 88) = 46.26, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.80]. CONCLUSIONS Following a 7-week Basic Operations Firefighter Academy that included daily HIFT, significant increases in fitness and firefighting ability were observed. These findings suggest that HIFT appears to be an effective means of improving fitness and firefighting ability in recruit firefighters.
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Fossati C, Torre G, Vasta S, Giombini A, Quaranta F, Papalia R, Pigozzi F. Physical Exercise and Mental Health: The Routes of a Reciprocal Relation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312364. [PMID: 34886090 PMCID: PMC8656946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sport participation and exercise practice are considered to be beneficial for mental status, yielding an improved mood and better quality of life. On the other hand, good mental fitness is thought to lead to better physical status and sport performance. The key aim of this narrative review is to provide an unstructured overview on the topic with special considerations on the role of mental and physical health to summarize the evidence on their reciprocal influence. While very few papers describe the role of mental health measures in affecting physical performance, more evidence is available concerning the effect of exercise and sport in improving mental health outcomes. Furthermore, there is a consistent role of depressive and anxiety symptoms in influencing the risk of sport injury in either recreational or elite athletes. Moreover, the importance of investigating mental health issues in elite and retired athletes is highlighted. On the basis of the available literature, several biases were found to affect the provided evidence mainly because of the complexity of a proper study design in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
| | - Guglielmo Torre
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastiano Vasta
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Arrigo Giombini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
| | - Federico Quaranta
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.G.); (F.Q.); (F.P.)
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Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Garrido-Miguel M, Redondo-Tébar A, Notario-Pacheco B, Rodríguez-Martín B, Sánchez-López M. The "Fat but Fit" Paradigm from a Children's Health-Related Quality of Life Perspective. Child Obes 2021; 17:449-456. [PMID: 34009010 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The fat but fit paradigm originally argues that the detrimental influence of obesity on cardiovascular risk and mortality could be counterbalanced by normal to high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between categories of the fat but fit conceptual model and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional cluster analyses of the MOVI-daFit! baseline data were conducted in 507 children aged 9 to 11 years in Cuenca, Spain. BMI, body fat percentage, VO2 max estimate, and HRQoL (measured by the KIDSCREEN questionnaire) were assessed. Results: The cluster analysis of BMI/body fat percentage and VO2 max estimate z-scores resulted in a four-cluster solution that fit the four categories included in the fat but fit paradigm: fat unfit (FU), unfat unfit (UU), fat but fit (FF), and unfat fit (UF). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models showed the expected mean trends by cluster category: an increasing trend (FU<UU<FF<UF) in terms of VO2 max estimate and, conversely, a decreasing trend (FU>FF>UU>UF) in terms of adiposity (p < 0.05). These models also indicated, in the whole sample, that schoolchildren in the FF and UF clusters scored higher on physical well-being, psychological well-being, and total HRQoL scores than their peers in the FU and UU clusters (p < 0.05). The results were similar regardless of gender and whether BMI or body fat percentage was used for clustering. Conclusions: This study reinforces the fat but fit paradigm with respect to a previously unexplored outcome, HRQoL, by indicating that CRF may be mediating in the relationship between obesity and HRQoL. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03236337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia Talca, Chile
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo-Tébar
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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12
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Li Y, Xia X, Meng F, Zhang C. The association of physical fitness with mental health in children: A serial multiple mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:7280-7289. [PMID: 33424199 PMCID: PMC7778564 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the association between physical fitness and mental health. This study aimed to extend current knowledge by investigating the potential mediating roles of resilience and anxiety in the association between physical fitness and mental health in children. A total of 269 children were selected by stratified random sampling from three primary schools in China. Physical fitness was scored using the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard. Resilience, anxiety, and mental health data were collected using the following questionnaires: Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and the Mental Health Test. The PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was used to conduct serial multiple mediation analysis. We found that physical fitness, resilience, anxiety, and mental health were significantly correlated. Children with higher physical fitness had lower mental health problems; however, this statistical significance was not detectable after controlling for resilience and anxiety. Serial multiple mediation analysis revealed that the association of physical fitness with mental health was partially mediated by resilience and anxiety. These results indicate that the positive association of physical fitness with mental health in children may be changed through resilience and anxiety, which appear to play serial multiple mediating roles in this association. These findings contribute to deeper understanding of the associations between these factors and suggest that promoting physical fitness independent of considering resilience and anxiety may be insufficient to achieve good mental health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanying Meng
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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13
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Martín-Espinosa NM, Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, González-García A, Redondo-Tébar A, Cobo-Cuenca AI. The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Physical Fitness of the Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in University Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3578. [PMID: 33266433 PMCID: PMC7700278 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in university students and to assess whether this relationship is mediated or moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year Spanish university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the HRQoL was evaluated with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test, and the handgrip strength was determined by dynamometry. ANCOVA models showed that participants with higher CRF and handgrip strength levels had significantly higher scores in the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 and in the MEDAS questionnaire than those with medium and low scores (p < 0.050). Additionally, the ANCOVA models showed that students with good adherence to the MD showed higher scores in the MCS of HRQoL than those with low adherence (p = 0.044, ES = 0.013), but these results did not appear for the PCS of HRQoL (p = 0.728, ES = 0.001). In the mediation analysis, it was found that CRF and handgrip strength acted as full mediators of the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In the moderation analysis, it was evidenced that CRF and handgrip strength did not act as moderators in the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In conclusion, adherence to the MD does not seem to have a direct effect on the MCS of HRQoL because this association seems to be fully mediated by CRF and handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia María Martín-Espinosa
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (N.M.M.-E.); (A.I.C.-C.)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (A.G.-G.); (A.R.-T.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (A.G.-G.); (A.R.-T.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 1101 Talca, Chile
| | - Alberto González-García
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (A.G.-G.); (A.R.-T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo-Tébar
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain; (V.M.-V.); (A.G.-G.); (A.R.-T.)
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (N.M.M.-E.); (A.I.C.-C.)
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinaren Cuidados (IMCU), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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14
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Yin K, Jung J, Coiera E, Laranjo L, Blandford A, Khoja A, Tai WT, Phillips DP, Lau AYS. Patient Work and Their Contexts: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16656. [PMID: 32484449 PMCID: PMC7298639 DOI: 10.2196/16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Having patients self-manage their health conditions is a widely promoted concept, but many patients struggle to practice it effectively. Moreover, few studies have analyzed the nature of work required from patients and how such work fits into the context of their daily life. Objective This study aimed to review the characteristics of patient work in adult patients. Patient work refers to tasks that health conditions impose on patients (eg, taking medications) within a system of contextual factors. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted using narrative synthesis. Data were extracted from PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO, including studies from August 2013 to August 2018. The included studies focused on adult patients and assessed one or more of the following: (1) physical health–related tasks, (2) cognitive health–related tasks, or (3) contextual factors affecting these tasks. Tasks were categorized according to the themes that emerged: (1) if the task is always visible to others or can be cognitive, (2) if the task must be conducted collaboratively or can be conducted alone, and (3) if the task was done with the purpose of creating resources. Contextual factors were grouped according to the level at which they exert influence (micro, meso, or macro) and where they fit in the patient work system (the macroergonomic layer of physical, social, and organizational factors; the mesoergonomic layer of household and community; and the microergonomic triad of person-task-tools). Results In total, 67 publications were included, with 58 original research articles and 9 review articles. A variety of patient work tasks were observed, ranging from physical and tangible tasks (such as taking medications and visiting health care professionals) to psychological and social tasks (such as creating coping strategies). Patient work was affected by a range of contextual factors on the micro, meso, or macro levels. Our results indicate that most patient work was done alone, in private, and often imposing cognitive burden with low amounts of support. Conclusions This review sought to provide insight into the work burden of health management from a patient perspective and how patient context influences such work. For many patients, health-related work is ever present, invisible, and overwhelming. When researchers and clinicians design and implement patient-facing interventions, it is important to understand how the extra work impacts one’s internal state and coping strategy, how such work fits into daily routines, and if these changes could be maintained in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Yin
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Joshua Jung
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Enrico Coiera
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Liliana Laranjo
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Ann Blandford
- UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adeel Khoja
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wan-Tien Tai
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Daniel Psillakis Phillips
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Annie Y S Lau
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia.,UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Velickovic K, Rahm Hallberg I, Axelsson U, Borrebaeck CAK, Rydén L, Johnsson P, Månsson J. Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a non-clinical population in Sweden. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:132. [PMID: 32398074 PMCID: PMC7216522 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most widely used scale which assesses psychological resilience. Although it is recommended to be applied as a unidimensional scale, its factor structure, reliability, as well as discriminant and predictive validity need to be assessed when used in a new context. Moreover, the original five-factor structure has not been replicated in previous investigations. This study aimed to explore psychometric properties of the scale in a Swedish context. Methods Construct validity of the five-factor model of CD-RISC was assessed using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Its discriminant validity was assessed in relation to a measure of emotion regulation (Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Predictive validity of CD-RISC was assessed in relation to measures of physical and mental health-related quality of life (The 12-Item Short Form Survey) using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. A population based sample cohort was employed (N = 2599). Results Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses suggested a 22-item unidimensional model of CD-RISC. Psychological resilience was found to be independent from the measure of emotion regulation. It was shown to predict both physical and mental health-related quality of life, being especially strongly associated with mental health aspects. Conclusions The study showed that the Swedish version of CD-RISC is an instrument with high discriminant and predictive validity, although the original factor structure does not apply in this context. CD-RISC can thus be used to identify individuals with a higher need of psychosocial support, especially relating to mental health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrika Axelsson
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl A K Borrebaeck
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Surgery, Lund University, Medicon Village, 223 81, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Södra Förstadsgatan 1, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Johnsson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Månsson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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16
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The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Resilience, Test Anxiety, Academic Stress and the Mediterranean Diet. A Study with University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062071. [PMID: 32245007 PMCID: PMC7143047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The academic transition to university is a turning point in young people’s lifestyles. However, studies to date have focused on student behaviour within the classroom context, rather than on the consequences it may have on their lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the influence of emotional intelligence of university students on their resilience, academic stress, exam anxiety, and eating habits related to the Mediterranean diet at the university stage. This study was carried out with the participation of 733 male and 614 female students from the University of Almeria, aged between 19 and 27. A structural equation model was made to explain the causal relationships between the variables. The results showed emotional intelligence positively predicted resilience. In turn, test anxiety and academic stress were negatively predicted by resilience. Finally, test anxiety and academic stress were negatively predicted by the Mediterranean diet. In short, the results of the present study have shown that academic transfer to university and grading pressure can generate maladaptive consequences for food consumption.
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17
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xie S, Wang X, Chen Q, Xia X. Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between Social Support and Quality of Life in Patients With Primary Glaucoma. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:22. [PMID: 30766493 PMCID: PMC6365462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glaucoma is a serious disease causing blindness, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Previous studies have reported that both resilience and social support play important roles in enhancing the quality of life of patients with some diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate if resilience mediates the relationship between social support and quality of life in patients with primary glaucoma. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 120 patients with primary glaucoma in China. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to measure resilience, and social support was measured by the Perceived Social Support Scale. The Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. Results: There were significant positive correlations between all dimensions and total scores on the resilience, social support, and quality of life scales (p < 0.01). Both resilience and social support could predict these patients' quality of life. A bootstrap test showed that resilience had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between social support and quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Resilience mediates the relationship between social support and quality of life in primary glaucoma patients. This finding suggests that increasing resilience and social support can improve the quality of life of primary glaucoma patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Eye Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Eye Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Eye Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Eye Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Štefan L, Sporiš G, Krističević T. Are lower levels of physical activity and self-rated fitness associated with higher levels of psychological distress in Croatian young adults? A cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4700. [PMID: 29736338 PMCID: PMC5935075 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous evidence has shown that physical activity and physical fitness lower the level of psychological distress, little is known of simultaneous associations between of physical activity and physical fitness and with psychological distress, especially in young adults. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to explore both separate and simultaneous association between physical activity and physical fitness with psychological distress. Methods Participants in this cross-sectional study were 2,100 university students (1,041 men and 1,059 women) chosen from eight faculties in the city of Zagreb. Physical activity, physical fitness and psychological distress were assessed using structured questionnaires. The associations were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results After adjusting for gender, body-mass index, self-rated health, material status, binge drinking, chronic disease/s and sleep quality, “insufficient” physical activity (OR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.92–3.52]) and “lower” levels of physical fitness (tertile 2; OR = 1.94; 95% CI [1.25–3.01] and tertile 1; OR = 2.59; 95% CI [1.65–4.08]) remained associated with “high” psychological distress. When physical activity and physical fitness were entered simultaneously into the model, “insufficient” physical activity (OR = 2.35; 95% CI [1.72–3.21]) and “lower” levels of physical fitness (tertile 2; OR = 1.77; 95% CI [1.24–2.77] and tertile 1; OR = 2.00; 95% CI [1.26–3.20]) remained associated with “high” psychological distress. Conclusion Our study shows that both “insufficient” physical activity and “lower” levels of physical fitness are associated with “high” psychological distress, even after adjusting for numerous covariates. Therefore, special policies aiming to increase the levels of physical activity and fitness are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Sporiš
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Krističević
- Department of Sports Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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