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Lu W, Wang Y, Shi Y, Liang Q, Lu X, Su D, Xu X, Pirrello J, Gao Y, Huang B, Li Z. Identification of SRS transcription factor family in Solanum lycopersicum, and functional characterization of their responses to hormones and abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:495. [PMID: 37833639 PMCID: PMC10576376 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The SHI RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) family plays a vital role in the development of multiple plant organs such as floral meristem determinacy, organ morphogenesis, and signal transduction. Nevertheless, there is little understanding of the biological significance of tomato SRS family at this point. Our research identified eight SlSRS family members and classified them into three subfamilies based on phylogenetics, conserved motifs, and characteristic domain analysis. The intraspecies and interspecies collinearity analysis revealed clues of SRS family evolution. Many cis-elements related to hormones, stresses, and plant development can be found in the promoter region of SlSRS genes. All of eight SlSRS proteins were located in the nucleus and possessed transcriptional activity, half of which were transcriptional activators, and the other half were transcriptional repressors. Except for SlSRS1, which showed high transcript accumulation in vegetative organs, most SlSRS genes expressed ubiquitously in all flower organs. In addition, all SlSRS genes could significantly respond to at least four different plant hormones. Further, expression of SlSRS genes were regulated by various abiotic stress conditions. In summary, we systematically analyzed and characterized the SlSRS family, reviewed the expression patterns and preliminarily investigated the protein function, and provided essential information for further functional research of the tomato SRS genes in the determination of reproductive floral organs and the development of plants, and possibly other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiangyin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratory of Plant Science Research, Fruit Genomics and Biotechnology, UMR5546, University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-NP, Toulouse, France
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Baowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Zhu D, Wen Y, Yao W, Zheng H, Zhou S, Zhang Q, Qu LJ, Chen X, Wu Z. Distinct chromatin signatures in the Arabidopsis male gametophyte. Nat Genet 2023; 55:706-720. [PMID: 36864100 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming in the germline contributes to the erasure of epigenetic inheritance across generations in mammals but remains poorly characterized in plants. Here we profiled histone modifications throughout Arabidopsis male germline development. We find that the sperm cell has widespread apparent chromatin bivalency, which is established by the acquisition of H3K27me3 or H3K4me3 at pre-existing H3K4me3 or H3K27me3 regions, respectively. These bivalent domains are associated with a distinct transcriptional status. Somatic H3K27me3 is generally reduced in sperm, while dramatic loss of H3K27me3 is observed at only ~700 developmental genes. The incorporation of the histone variant H3.10 facilitates the establishment of sperm chromatin identity without a strong impact on resetting of somatic H3K27me3. Vegetative nuclei harbor thousands of specific H3K27me3 domains at repressed genes, while pollination-related genes are highly expressed and marked by gene body H3K4me3. Our work highlights putative chromatin bivalency and restricted resetting of H3K27me3 at developmental regulators as key features in plant pluripotent sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sixian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Carey S, Zenchyzen B, Deneka AJ, Hall JC. Nectary development in Cleome violacea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1085900. [PMID: 36844906 PMCID: PMC9949531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nectaries are a promising frontier for plant evo-devo research, and are particularly fascinating given their diversity in form, position, and secretion methods across angiosperms. Emerging model systems permit investigations of the molecular basis for nectary development and nectar secretion across a range of taxa, which addresses fundamental questions about underlying parallelisms and convergence. Herein, we explore nectary development and nectar secretion in the emerging model taxa, Cleome violacea (Cleomaceae), which exhibits a prominent adaxial nectary. First, we characterized nectary anatomy and quantified nectar secretion to establish a foundation for quantitative and functional gene experiments. Next, we leveraged RNA-seq to establish gene expression profiles of nectaries across three key stages of development: pre-anthesis, anthesis, and post-fertilization. We then performed functional studies on five genes that were putatively involved in nectary and nectar formation: CvCRABSCLAW (CvCRC), CvAGAMOUS (CvAG), CvSHATTERPROOF (CvSHP), CvSWEET9, and a highly expressed but uncharacterized transcript. These experiments revealed a high degree of functional convergence to homologues from other core Eudicots, especially Arabidopsis. CvCRC, redundantly with CvAG and CvSHP, are required for nectary initiation. Concordantly, CvSWEET9 is essential for nectar formation and secretion, which indicates that the process is eccrine based in C. violacea. While demonstration of conservation is informative to our understanding of nectary evolution, questions remain. For example, it is unknown which genes are downstream of the developmental initiators CvCRC, CvAG, and CvSHP, or what role the TCP gene family plays in nectary initiation in this family. Further to this, we have initiated a characterization of associations between nectaries, yeast, and bacteria, but more research is required beyond establishing their presence. Cleome violacea is an excellent model for continued research into nectary development because of its conspicuous nectaries, short generation time, and close taxonomic distance to Arabidopsis.
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Fang D, Zhang W, Ye Z, Hu F, Cheng X, Cao J. The plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) proteins: Structure and functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:685-695. [PMID: 36565613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) protein is a transcription factor involved in the formation and development of early lateral organs in plants. However, research on the SHI/STY protein family is not focused enough. In this article, we review recent studies on SHI/STY genes and explore the evolution and structure of SHI/STY. The biological functions of SHI/STYs are discussed in detail in this review, and the application of each biological function to modern agriculture is discussed. All SHI/STY proteins contain typical conserved RING-like zinc finger domain and IGGH domain. SHI/STYs are involved in the formation and development of lateral root, stem extension, leaf morphogenesis, and root nodule development. They are also involved in the regulation of pistil and stamen development and flowering time. At the same time, the regulation of some GA, JA, and auxin signals also involves these family proteins. For each aspect, unanswered or poorly understood questions were identified to help define future research areas. This review will provide a basis for further functional study of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuzhu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Ma B, Nian L, Ain NU, Liu X, Yang Y, Zhu X, Haider FU, Lv Y, Bai P, Zhang X, Li Q, Mao Z, Xue Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the SRS Gene Family in Melilotus albus Reveals Functions in Various Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3101. [PMID: 36432830 PMCID: PMC9693462 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific SHI-related sequence (SRS) family of transcription factors plays a vital role in growth regulation, plant development, phytohormone biosynthesis, and stress response. However, the genome-wide identification and role in the abiotic stress-related functions of the SRS gene family were not reported in white sweet clover (Melilotus albus). In this study, nine M. albus SRS genes (named MaSRS01-MaSRS09) were identified via a genome-wide search method. All nine genes were located on six out of eight chromosomes in the genome of M. albus and duplication analysis indicated eight segmentally duplicated genes in the MaSRS family. These MaSRS genes were classified into six groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure and motif composition results indicated that MaSRS members in the same group contained analogous intron/exon and motif organizations. Further, promoter region analysis of MaSRS genes uncovered various growth, development, and stress-responsive cis-acting elements. Protein interaction networks showed that each gene has both functions of interacting with other genes and members within the family. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR was also performed to verify the expression patterns of nine MaSRS genes in the leaves of M. albus. The results showed that nine MaSRSs were up- and down-regulated at different time points after various stress treatments, such as salinity, low-temperature, salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). This is the first systematic study of the M. albus SRS gene family, and it can serve as a strong foundation for further elucidation of the stress response and physiological improvement of the growth functions in M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lili Nian
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Noor ul Ain
- Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuelu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengpeng Bai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quanxi Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zixuan Mao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zongyang Xue
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Fang D, Zhang W, Cheng X, Hu F, Ye Z, Cao J. Molecular evolutionary analysis of the SHI/STY gene family in land plants: A focus on the Brassica species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:958964. [PMID: 35991428 PMCID: PMC9386158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.958964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) proteins belong to a family of transcription factors that are involved in the formation and development of early lateral roots. However, the molecular evolution of this family is rarely reported. Here, a total of 195 SHI/STY genes were identified in 21 terrestrial plants, and the Brassica species is the focus of our research. Their physicochemical properties, chromosome location and duplication, motif distribution, exon-intron structures, genetic evolution, and expression patterns were systematically analyzed. These genes are divided into four clades (Clade 1/2/3/4) based on phylogenetic analysis. Motif distribution and gene structure are similar in each clade. SHI/STY proteins are localized in the nucleus by the prediction of subcellular localization. Collinearity analysis indicates that the SHI/STYs are relatively conserved in evolution. Whole-genome duplication is the main factor for their expansion. SHI/STYs have undergone intense purifying selection, but several positive selection sites are also identified. Most promoters of SHI/STY genes contain different types of cis-elements, such as light, stress, and hormone-responsive elements, suggesting that they may be involved in many biological processes. Protein-protein interaction predicted some important SHI/STY interacting proteins, such as LPAT4, MBOATs, PPR, and UBQ3. In addition, the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis were studied in detail in rape. As a result, SHI/STYs are highly expressed in root and bud, and can be affected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, drought, cold, and heat stresses. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses indicates that expression levels of BnSHI/STYs are significantly altered in different treatments (cold, salt, drought, IAA, auxin; ABA, abscisic acid; 6-BA, cytokinin). It provides a new understanding of the evolution and expansion of the SHI/STY family in land plants and lays a foundation for further research on their functions.
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DNA methylation-free Arabidopsis reveals crucial roles of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression and development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1335. [PMID: 35288562 PMCID: PMC8921224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A contribution of DNA methylation to defense against invading nucleic acids and maintenance of genome integrity is uncontested; however, our understanding of the extent of involvement of this epigenetic mark in genome-wide gene regulation and plant developmental control is incomplete. Here, we knock out all five known DNA methyltransferases in Arabidopsis, generating DNA methylation-free plants. This quintuple mutant exhibits a suite of developmental defects, unequivocally demonstrating that DNA methylation is essential for multiple aspects of plant development. We show that CG methylation and non-CG methylation are required for a plethora of biological processes, including pavement cell shape, endoreduplication, cell death, flowering, trichome morphology, vasculature and meristem development, and root cell fate determination. Moreover, we find that DNA methylation has a strong dose-dependent effect on gene expression and repression of transposable elements. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DNA methylation is dispensable for Arabidopsis survival but essential for the proper regulation of multiple biological processes. Our understanding of the extent of involvement of DNA methylation in genome-wide gene regulation and plant developmental control is incomplete. Here, the authors knock out all five known DNA methyltransferases and show the developmental and gene expression changes in the DNA methylation-free Arabidopsis plants.
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Yang Y, Qi L, Nian L, Zhu X, Yi X, Jiyu Z, Qiu J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SRS Gene Family in Medicago sativa. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1539-1553. [PMID: 34931872 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SHI-related sequence (SRS) transcription factors, specific to plants, act as crucial regulators of plant organ growth and development. Here, we examined the Medicago sativa (alfalfa) SRS gene family (MsSRSs) to analyze the structure and function of MsSRSs using bioinformatics methods, and verify their abiotic stress responses through growth experiments. Twenty-seven MsSRS genes were identified from the genome-wide data of nontransgenic alfalfa. MsSRSs were distributed on 16 chromosomes and classified into seven different subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Forty-five cis-regulatory elements related to stress and phytohormone responsiveness, and tissue-specific expression occurred in the promoter sequences of MsSRSs. Ks values and Ka/Ks ratios of duplicate gene pairs showed that purifying selection affected most duplicate genes during their evolutionary history, while rapid recent positive selection strongly influenced MsSRS25 and MsSRS01. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that MsSRS genes could be induced by cold and salt stress. Within 12 h of salt stress exposure, the expression levels of seven and nine MsSRSs showed significant upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Within 12 h of cold stress exposure, the expression levels of the 3 and 13 selected MsSRSs showed significant upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Thus, this study provides novel comprehensive information on the MsSRS gene family, helpful for the study of SRS-mediated tolerance in alfalfa and the functional characteristics of SRS genes in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Agricultural, Henan Science and Technology University, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Nian
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Zhang Jiyu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Qiu
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, China
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Ballester P, Martínez-Godoy MA, Ezquerro M, Navarrete-Gómez M, Trigueros M, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Ferrándiz C. A transcriptional complex of NGATHA and bHLH transcription factors directs stigma development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3645-3657. [PMID: 34586419 PMCID: PMC8643694 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The stigma is an angiosperm-specific tissue that is essential for pollination. In the last two decades, several transcription factors with key roles in stigma development in Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified. However, genetic analyses have thus far been unable to unravel the precise regulatory interactions among these transcription factors or the molecular basis for their selective roles in different spatial and temporal domains. Here, we show that the NGATHA (NGA) and HECATE (HEC) transcription factors, which are involved in different developmental processes but are both essential for stigma development, require each other to perform this function. This relationship is likely mediated by their physical interaction in the apical gynoecium. NGA/HEC transcription factors subsequently upregulate INDEHISCENT (IND) and SPATULA and are indispensable for the binding of IND to some of its targets to allow stigma differentiation. Our findings support a nonhierarchical regulatory scenario in which the combinatorial action of different transcription factors provides exquisite temporal and spatial specificity of their developmental outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Martínez-Godoy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ezquerro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Navarrete-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Trigueros
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Yagi H, Tamura K, Matsushita T, Shimada T. Spatiotemporal relationship between auxin dynamics and hydathode development in Arabidopsis leaf teeth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1989216. [PMID: 34696695 PMCID: PMC9208764 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1989216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydathode is a plant tissue of vascular plants involved in water release called guttation. Arabidopsis hydathodes are found at the tips of leaf teeth and contain three major components: water pores, xylem ends, and small cells. Leaf teeth are known as the main parts for auxin biosynthesis and accumulation during leaf development. However, the detailed spatiotemporal relationship between auxin dynamics and hydathode development is unknown. In this study, we show that auxin biosynthesis and accumulation precede hydathode development. A triple marker line (called YDE line) containing three leaf tooth markers: YUC4:nls-3xGFP (auxin biosynthesis), DR5rev:erRFP (auxin accumulation or maxima), and E325-GFP (hydathode development), was generated, and spatiotemporal confocal microscopic analysis was carried out. The expression area of these markers became larger during leaf development, implying that the hydathode size enlarges as the leaf tooth grows. Detailed observation revealed that the auxin-related markers YUC4:nls-GFP and DR5rev:erRFP were first expressed in the early stage of leaf tooth growth. Then, E325-GFP was expressed partly overlapping with the auxin markers at a later stage. These findings provide new insights into the spatiotemporal relationship between auxin dynamics and hydathode development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yagi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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OsARF11 Promotes Growth, Meristem, Seed, and Vein Formation during Rice Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084089. [PMID: 33920962 PMCID: PMC8071273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin acts as a mediator providing positional instructions in a range of developmental processes. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana L. show that auxin acts in large part via activation of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) that in turn regulate the expression of downstream genes. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) gene OsARF11 is of interest because of its expression in developing rice organs and its high sequence similarity with MONOPTEROS/ARF5, a gene with prominent roles in A. thaliana development. We have assessed the phenotype of homozygous insertion mutants in the OsARF11 gene and found that in relation to wildtype, osarf11 seedlings produced fewer and shorter roots as well as shorter and less wide leaves. Leaves developed fewer veins and larger areoles. Mature osarf11 plants had a reduced root system, fewer branches per panicle, fewer grains per panicle and fewer filled seeds. Mutants had a reduced sensitivity to auxin-mediated callus formation and inhibition of root elongation, and phenylboronic acid (PBA)-mediated inhibition of vein formation. Taken together, our results implicate OsARF11 in auxin-mediated growth of multiple organs and leaf veins. OsARF11 also appears to play a central role in the formation of lateral root, panicle branch, and grain meristems.
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Slavković F, Dogimont C, Morin H, Boualem A, Bendahmane A. The Genetic Control of Nectary Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:260-271. [PMID: 33246889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nectar is the most important reward offered by flowering plants to pollinators for pollination services. Since pollinator decline has emerged as a major threat for agriculture, and the food demand is growing globally, studying the nectar gland is of utmost importance. Although the genetic mechanisms that control the development of angiosperm flowers have been quite well understood for many years, the development and maturation of the nectar gland and the secretion of nectar in synchrony with the maturation of the sexual organs appears to be one of the flower's best-kept secrets. Here we review key findings controlling these processes. We also raise key questions that need to be addressed to develop crop ecological functions that take into consideration pollinators' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Slavković
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE, UR 1052, Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, BP 94, F-84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Halima Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Yagi H, Nagano AJ, Kim J, Tamura K, Mochizuki N, Nagatani A, Matsushita T, Shimada T. Fluorescent protein-based imaging and tissue-specific RNA-seq analysis of Arabidopsis hydathodes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1260-1270. [PMID: 33165567 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are typically found at leaf teeth in vascular plants and are involved in water release to the outside. Although morphological and physiological analysis of hydathodes has been performed in various plants, little is known about the genes involved in hydathode function. In this study, we performed fluorescent protein-based imaging and tissue-specific RNA-seq analysis in Arabidopsis hydathodes. We used the enhancer trap line E325, which has been reported to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) at its hydathodes. We found that E325-GFP was expressed in small cells found inside the hydathodes (named E cells) that were distributed between the water pores and xylem ends. No fluorescence of the phloem markers pSUC2:GFP and pSEOR1:SEOR1-YFP was observed in the hydathodes. These observations indicate that Arabidopsis hydathodes are composed of three major components: water pores, xylem ends, and E cells. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis of the hydathode using the E325-GFP line. Microsamples were collected from GFP-positive or -negative regions of E325 leaf margins with a needle-based device (~130 µm in diameter). RNA-seq was performed with each single microsample using a high-throughput library preparation method called Lasy-Seq. We identified 72 differentially expressed genes. Among them, 68 genes showed significantly higher and four genes showed significantly lower expression in the hydathode. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis for hydathode physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yagi
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Jaewook Kim
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonao Matsushita
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Shrestha A, Zhong S, Therrien J, Huebert T, Sato S, Mun T, Andersen SU, Stougaard J, Lepage A, Niebel A, Ross L, Szczyglowski K. Lotus japonicus Nuclear Factor YA1, a nodule emergence stage-specific regulator of auxin signalling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1535-1552. [PMID: 32978812 PMCID: PMC7984406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis of legume root nodules begins with the nodulation factor-dependent stimulation of compatible root cells to initiate divisions, signifying an early nodule primordium formation event. This is followed by cellular differentiation, including cell expansion and vascular bundle formation, and we previously showed that Lotus japonicus NF-YA1 is essential for this process, presumably by regulating three members of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (STY) transcription factor gene family. In this study, we used combined genetics, genomics and cell biology approaches to characterize the role of STY genes during root nodule formation and to test a hypothesis that they mediate nodule development by stimulating auxin signalling. We show here that L. japonicus STYs are required for nodule emergence. This is attributed to the NF-YA1-dependent regulatory cascade, comprising STY genes and their downstream targets, YUCCA1 and YUCCA11, involved in a local auxin biosynthesis at the post-initial cell division stage. An analogous NF-YA1/STY regulatory module seems to operate in Medicago truncatula in association with the indeterminate nodule patterning. Our data define L. japonicus and M. truncatula NF-YA1 genes as important nodule emergence stage-specific regulators of auxin signalling while indicating that the inductive stage and subsequent formation of early nodule primordia are mediated through an independent mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Shrestha
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondon Research and Development CentreLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5BFCanada
| | - Sihui Zhong
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondon Research and Development CentreLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
| | - Jasmine Therrien
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondon Research and Development CentreLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5BFCanada
| | - Terry Huebert
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondon Research and Development CentreLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
| | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku University2‐1‐1 KatahiraSendai980‐8577Japan
| | - Terry Mun
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Agnes Lepage
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes (LIPM)Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculturel’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Castanet‐Tolosan31326France
| | - Andreas Niebel
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes (LIPM)Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculturel’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Castanet‐Tolosan31326France
| | - Loretta Ross
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondon Research and Development CentreLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
| | - Krzysztof Szczyglowski
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondon Research and Development CentreLondonONN5V 4T3Canada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5BFCanada
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15
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Glowa D, Comelli P, Chandler JW, Werr W. Clonal sector analysis and cell ablation confirm a function for DORNROESCHEN-LIKE in founder cells and the vasculature in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2021; 253:27. [PMID: 33420666 PMCID: PMC7794208 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inducible lineage analysis and cell ablation via conditional toxin expression in cells expressing the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE transcription factor represent an effective and complementary adjunct to conventional methods of functional gene analysis. Classical methods of functional gene analysis via mutational and expression studies possess inherent limitations, and therefore, the function of a large proportion of transcription factors remains unknown. We have employed two complementary, indirect methods to obtain functional information for the AP2/ERF transcription factor DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL), which is dynamically expressed in flowers and marks lateral organ founder cells. An inducible, two-component Cre-Lox system was used to express beta-glucuronidase GUS in cells expressing DRNL, to perform a sector analysis that reveals lineages of cells that transiently expressed DRNL throughout plant development. In a complementary approach, an inducible system was used to ablate cells expressing DRNL using diphtheria toxin A chain, to visualise the phenotypic consequences. These complementary analyses demonstrate that DRNL functionally marks founder cells of leaves and floral organs. Clonal sectors also included the vasculature of the leaves and petals, implicating a previously unidentified role for DRNL in provasculature development, which was confirmed in cotyledons by closer analysis of drnl mutants. Our findings demonstrate that inducible gene-specific lineage analysis and cell ablation via conditional toxin expression represent an effective and informative adjunct to conventional methods of functional gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Glowa
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Comelli
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Yang J, Xu P, Yu D. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the SHI-Related Sequence Gene Family in Rice. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320941495. [PMID: 32963469 PMCID: PMC7488920 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320941495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) yield is correlated to various factors. Transcription regulators are important factors, such as the typical SHORT INTERNODES-related sequences (SRSs), which encode proteins with single zinc finger motifs. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding the evolutionary and functional characteristics of the SRS gene family members in rice is insufficient. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide screening and characterization of the OsSRS gene family in Oryza sativa japonica rice. We also examined the SRS proteins from 11 rice sub-species, consisting of 3 cultivars, 6 wild varieties, and 2 other genome types. SRS members from maize, sorghum, Brachypodium distachyon, and Arabidopsis were also investigated. All these SRS proteins exhibited species-specific characteristics, as well as monocot- and dicot-specific characteristics, as assessed by phylogenetic analysis, which was further validated by gene structure and motif analyses. Genome comparisons revealed that segmental duplications may have played significant roles in the recombination of the OsSRS gene family and their expression levels. The family was mainly subjected to purifying selective pressure. In addition, the expression data demonstrated the distinct responses of OsSRS genes to various abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments, indicating their functional divergence. Our study provides a good reference for elucidating the functions of SRS genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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17
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Wang W, Bai Y, Koilkonda P, Guan L, Zhuge Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Jia H, Wang C, Fang J. Genome-wide identification and characterization of gibberellin metabolic and signal transduction (GA MST) pathway mediating seed and berry development (SBD) in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:384. [PMID: 32825825 PMCID: PMC7441673 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape is highly sensitive to gibberellin (GA), which is crucial during seed and berry development (SBD) either by itself or by interacting with other hormones, such as auxin, Abscisic acid (ABA), and Cytokinin (CK). However, no systematic analysis of GA metabolic and signal transduction (MST) pathway has been undertaken in grapevine. RESULTS In this study, total endogenous GA3 content significantly decreased during SBD, and a total of 48 known genes in GA metabolic (GAM; 31) and signal transduction (ST; 17) pathways were identified in this process. In the GAM pathway, out of 31 genes, VvGA20ox1-1, VvGA3ox4-1, and VvGA2ox1-1 may be the major factors interacting at the green-berry stage (GBS) accompanied with higher accumulation rate. GA biosynthesis was greater than GA inactivation at GBS, confirming the importance of seeds in GA synthesis. The visible correlation between endogenous GA3 content and gene expression profiles suggested that the transcriptional regulation of GA biosynthesis pathway genes was a key mechanism of GA accumulation at the stone-hardening stage (SHS). Interestingly, we observed a negative feedback regulation between VvGA3oxs-VvGAI1-4, VvGA2oxs-VvGAI1-4, and VvGID1B-VvGAI1-4 in maintaining the balance of GA3 content in berries. Moreover, 11 miRNAs may be involved in the modulation of GA MST pathway by mediating their target genes, such as VvGA3ox, VvGID1B, and VvGAMYB. Many genes in auxin, ABA, and CK MST pathways were further identified and found to have a special pattern in the berry, and the crosstalk between GA and these hormones may modulate the complex process during SBD through the interaction gene network of the multihormone pathway. Lastly, based on the expression characterization of multihormone MST pathway genes, a proposed model of the GA-mediated multihormone regulatory network during SBD was proposed. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided novel insights into GA-mediated regulatory networks during SBD in grape. The complexity of GA-mediated multihormone ST in SBD was also elucidated, thereby providing valuable information for future functional characterizations of specific genes in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
- China Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yunhe Bai
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Padmalatha Koilkonda
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500059 India
| | - Le Guan
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Yaxian Zhuge
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing, 210095 PR China
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18
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Zhu J, Yao J, Yu Q, He W, Xu C, Qin G, Zhu Q, Fan D, Zhu H. A Fast and Automatic Method for Leaf Vein Network Extraction and Vein Density Measurement Based on Object-Oriented Classification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:499. [PMID: 32431721 PMCID: PMC7214732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly determining leaf vein network patterns and vein densities is biologically important and technically challenging. Current methods, however, are limited to vein contour extraction. Further image processing is difficult, and some leaf vein traits of interest therefore cannot be quantified. In this study, we proposed a novel method for the fast and accurate determination of leaf vein network patterns and vein density. Nine tree species with different leaf characteristics and vein types were applied to verify this method. To overcome the image processing difficulties at the microscopic scale, we adopted the remote object-oriented classification method applied comprehensively in the field of remote sensing research. The key to this approach is to determine the universally applicable leaf vein extraction threshold values (scale parameter, shape parameter, compactness parameter, brightness feature, spectral feature and geometric feature). Based on our analysis, the following recommended threshold values were determined: the scale parameter was 250, the shape parameter was 0.7, the compactness parameter was 0.3, the brightness feature value was 230∼280, the spectral feature value was 180∼230, and the geometric feature value was less than 2. With the optimal extraction parameters applied, the extraction precision was above 96.40% on average for the nine species studied. The leaf vein density calculation rate increased by more than 87.3% compared to that of the traditional methods. The results showed that this method is accurate, fast, flexible and complementary to existing technologies. It is an effective tool for the fast extraction of vein networks and the exploration of leaf vein characteristics, particularly for large-scale studies in plant vein physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyou Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangming Yao
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun He
- Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Qin
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhu
- Inspection Department of Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, China
| | - Dayong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Inspection Department of Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, China
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Zhao SP, Song XY, Guo LL, Zhang XZ, Zheng WJ. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Shi-Related Sequence Family and Functional Identification of GmSRS18 Involving in Drought and Salt Stresses in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1810. [PMID: 32155727 PMCID: PMC7084930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-special SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) family plays vital roles in various biological processes. However, the genome-wide analysis and abiotic stress-related functions of this family were less reported in soybean. In this work, 21 members of soybean SRS family were identified, which were divided into three groups (Group I, II, and III). The chromosome location and gene structure were analyzed, which indicated that the members in the same group may have similar functions. The analysis of stress-related cis-elements showed that the SRS family may be involved in abiotic stress signaling pathway. The analysis of expression patterns in various tissues demonstrated that SRS family may play crucial roles in special tissue-dependent regulatory networks. The data based on soybean RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) proved that SRS genes were induced by drought, NaCl, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). GmSRS18 significantly induced by drought and NaCl was selected for further functional verification. GmSRS18, encoding a cell nuclear protein, could negatively regulate drought and salt resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. It can affect stress-related physiological index, including chlorophyll, proline, and relative electrolyte leakage. Additionally, it inhibited the expression levels of stress-related marker genes. Taken together, these results provide valuable information for understanding the classification of soybean SRS transcription factors and indicates that SRS plays important roles in abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China; (S.-P.Z.); (X.-Z.Z.)
| | - Xin-Yuan Song
- Agro-biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Lin-Lin Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China; (S.-P.Z.); (X.-Z.Z.)
| | - Xiang-Zhan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China; (S.-P.Z.); (X.-Z.Z.)
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China; (S.-P.Z.); (X.-Z.Z.)
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20
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Yuan TT, Xu HH, Li J, Lu YT. Auxin abolishes SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE5-mediated inhibition of lateral root development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:297-309. [PMID: 31403703 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs), which form in the plant postembryonically, determine the architecture of the root system. While negative regulatory factors that inhibit LR formation and are counteracted by auxin exist in the pericycle, these factors have not been characterised. Here, we report that SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE5 (SRS5) is an intrinsic negative regulator of LR formation and that auxin signalling abolishes this inhibitory effect of SRS5. Whereas LR primordia (LRPs) and LRs were fewer and less dense in SRS5ox and Pro35S:SRS5-GFP plants than in the wild-type, they were more abundant and denser in the srs5-2 loss-of-function mutant. SRS5 inhibited LR formation by directly downregulating the expression of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) and LBD29. Auxin repressed SRS5 expression. Auxin-mediated repression of SRS5 expression was not observed in the arf7-1 arf19-1 double mutant, likely because ARF7 and ARF19 bind to the promoter of SRS5 and inhibit its expression in response to auxin. Taken together, our data reveal that SRS5 negatively regulates LR formation by repressing the expression of LBD16 and LBD29 and that auxin releases this inhibitory effect through ARF7 and ARF19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Heng-Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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21
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Singh S, Yadav S, Singh A, Mahima M, Singh A, Gautam V, Sarkar AK. Auxin signaling modulates LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM1 (LRP1) expression during lateral root development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:87-100. [PMID: 31483536 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Auxin signaling mediated by various auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAAs) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs) regulate lateral root (LR) development by controlling the expression of downstream genes. LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM1 (LRP1), a member of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family, was identified as an auxin-inducible gene. The precise developmental role and molecular regulation of LRP1 in root development remain to be understood. Here we show that LRP1 is expressed in all stages of LR development, besides the primary root. The expression of LRP1 is regulated by histone deacetylation in an auxin-dependent manner. Our genetic interaction studies showed that LRP1 acts downstream of auxin responsive Aux/IAAs-ARFs modules during LR development. We showed that auxin-mediated induction of LRP1 is lost in emerging LRs of slr-1 and arf7arf19 mutants roots. NPA treatment studies showed that LRP1 acts after LR founder cell specification and asymmetric division during LR development. Overexpression of LRP1 (LRP1 OE) showed an increased number of LR primordia (LRP) at stages I, IV and V, resulting in reduced emerged LR density, which suggests that it is involved in LRP development. Interestingly, LRP1-induced expression of YUC4, which is involved in auxin biosynthesis, contributes to the increased accumulation of endogenous auxin in LRP1 OE roots. LRP1 interacts with SHI, STY1, SRS3, SRS6 and SRS7 proteins of the SHI/STY family, indicating their possible redundant role during root development. Our results suggested that auxin and histone deacetylation affect LRP1 expression and it acts downstream of LR forming auxin response modules to negatively regulate LRP development by modulating auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alka Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mahima Mahima
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Archita Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ananda K Sarkar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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He B, Shi P, Lv Y, Gao Z, Chen G. Gene coexpression network analysis reveals the role of SRS genes in senescence leaf of maize (Zea mays L.). J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Cerutti A, Jauneau A, Laufs P, Leonhardt N, Schattat MH, Berthomé R, Routaboul JM, Noël LD. Mangroves in the Leaves: Anatomy, Physiology, and Immunity of Epithemal Hydathodes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:91-116. [PMID: 31100996 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are organs found on aerial parts of a wide range of plant species that provide almost direct access for several pathogenic microbes to the plant vascular system. Hydathodes are better known as the site of guttation, which is the release of droplets of plant apoplastic fluid to the outer leaf surface. Because these organs are only described through sporadic allusions in the literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of hydathode development, physiology, and immunity by compiling a historic and contemporary bibliography. In particular, we refine the definition of hydathodes.We illustrate their important roles in the maintenance of plant osmotic balance, nutrient retrieval, and exclusion of deleterious chemicals from the xylem sap. Finally, we present our current understanding of the infection of hydathodes by adapted vascular pathogens and the associated plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Cerutti
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA and CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Alain Jauneau
- Plateforme Imagerie, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA and AgroParisTech and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université and Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives and CNRS, UMR 7265, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France
| | - Martin H Schattat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse and INRA and CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Jean-Marc Routaboul
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse and INRA and CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Laurent D Noël
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse and INRA and CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
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24
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Schuetz M, Fidanza M, Mattsson J. Identification of Auxin Response Factor-Encoding Genes Expressed in Distinct Phases of Leaf Vein Development and with Overlapping Functions in Leaf Formation. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070242. [PMID: 31340490 PMCID: PMC6681221 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on mutant phenotypes the MONOPTEROS (MP)/Auxin Response Factor 5 (ARF5) gene acts in several developmental processes including leaf vein development. Since overlapping functions among ARF genes are common, we assessed the related ARF 3-8 and 19 genes for potential overlap in expression during vein development using in-situ hybridization. Like MP/ARF5, ARF3 was expressed in preprocambial and procambial cells. ARF7 was also expressed in procambial cells, close to and during vein differentiation. ARF19 was expressed in differentiating vessel elements. To assess if genes with vein expression have overlapping functions, double mutants were generated. While arf3, 5 and 7 mutants formed leaves normally, double mutant combinations of mp/arf5 with arf3 or arf7 resulted in a breakdown of leaf formation. Instead, novel structures not present in any of the single mutants formed. The results implicate ARF3 and ARF7 in rosette leaf formation and suggest that their functions overlap and act in parallel with MP/ARF5 in this process. The observed vascular expression patterns suggest unique functions (ARF7 and 19) and potentially overlapping functions (ARF3 and 5) in vein development. Since arf3 arf5 double mutants do not form leaves, assessment of their potential combined action in vein development will require the use of conditional mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schuetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mario Fidanza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jim Mattsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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25
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Min Y, Bunn JI, Kramer EM. Homologs of the STYLISH gene family control nectary development in Aquilegia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1090-1100. [PMID: 30145791 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectaries are an interesting example of a convergent trait in flowering plants, and are associated with the diversification of numerous angiosperm lineages, including the adaptive radiation of the New World Aquilegia species. However, we know very little as to what genes contribute to nectary development and evolution, particularly in noncore eudicot taxa. We analyzed expression patterns and used RNAi-based methods to investigate the functions of homologs from the STYLISH (STY) family in nectar spur development in Aquilegia coerulea. We found that AqSTY1 exhibits concentrated expression in the presumptive nectary of the growing spur tip, and triple gene silencing of the three STY-like genes revealed that they function in style and nectary development. Strong expression of STY homologs was also detected in the nectary-bearing petals of Delphinium and Epimedium. Our results suggest that the novel recruitment of STY homologs to control nectary development is likely to have occurred before the diversification of the Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. To date, the STY homologs of the Ranunculales are the only alternative loci for the control of nectary development in flowering plants, providing a critical data point in understanding the evolutionary origin and developmental basis of nectaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Min
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - J Imani Bunn
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Elena M Kramer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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26
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Yuan R, Lan J, Fang Y, Yu H, Zhang J, Huang J, Qin G. The Arabidopsis USL1 controls multiple aspects of development by affecting late endosome morphology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1388-1405. [PMID: 29897620 PMCID: PMC6099276 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The polar transport of auxin controls many aspects of plant development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying auxin tranport regulation remain to be further elucidated. We identified a mutant named as usl1 (unflattened and small leaves) in a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana. The usl1 displayed multiple aspects of developmental defects in leaves, embryogenesis, cotyledons, silique phyllotaxy and lateral roots in addition to abnormal leaves. USL1 encodes a protein orthologous to the yeast vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) 38p and human UV RADIATION RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED GENE (UVRAG). Cell biology, Co-IP/MS and yeast two-hybrid were used to identify the function of USL1. USL1 colocalizes at the subcellular level with VPS29, a key factor of the retromer complex that controls auxin transport. The morphology of the VPS29-associated late endosomes (LE) is altered from small dots in the wild-type to aberrant enlarged circles in the usl1 mutants. The usl1 mutant synergistically interacts with vps29. We also found that USL1 forms a complex with AtVPS30 and AtVPS34. We propose that USL1 controls multiple aspects of plant development by affecting late endosome morphology and by regulating the PIN1 polarity. Our findings provide a new layer of the understanding on the mechanisms of plant development regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- The Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yuxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jinzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jiaying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesSchool of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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27
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Jiménez-López D, Muñóz-Belman F, González-Prieto JM, Aguilar-Hernández V, Guzmán P. Repertoire of plant RING E3 ubiquitin ligases revisited: New groups counting gene families and single genes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203442. [PMID: 30169501 PMCID: PMC6118397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) mediate recognition of substrates and later transfer the ubiquitin (Ub). They are the most expanded components of the system. The Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain contains 40-60 residues that are highly represented among E3 ubiquitin ligases. The Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ubiquitin ligases with a RING finger primarily contain RING-HC or RING-H2 type domains or less frequently RING-v, RING-C2, RING-D, RING-S/T and RING-G type domains. Our previous work on three E3 ubiquitin ligase families with a RING-H2 type domain, ATL, BTL, and CTL, suggested that a phylogenetic distribution based on the RING domain allowed for the creation a catalog of known domains or unknown conserved motifs. This work provided a useful and comprehensive view of particular families of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. We updated the annotation of A. thaliana RING proteins and surveyed RING proteins from 30 species across eukaryotes. Based on domain architecture profile of the A. thaliana proteins, we catalogued 4711 RING finger proteins into 107 groups, including 66 previously described gene families or single genes and 36 novel families or undescribed genes. Forty-four groups were specific to a plant lineage while 41 groups consisted of proteins found in all eukaryotic species. Our present study updates the current classification of plant RING finger proteins and reiterates the importance of these proteins in plant growth and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto., México
- Biotecnología Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Francisco Muñóz-Belman
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto., México
| | - Juan Manuel González-Prieto
- Biotecnología Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Victor Aguilar-Hernández
- CONACYT, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Plinio Guzmán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto., México
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28
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Tameshige T, Ikematsu S, Torii KU, Uchida N. Stem development through vascular tissues: EPFL-ERECTA family signaling that bounces in and out of phloem. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:45-53. [PMID: 27965367 PMCID: PMC5854166 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells communicate with each other using a variety of signaling molecules. Recent studies have revealed that various types of secreted peptides, as well as phytohormones known since long ago, mediate cell-cell communication in diverse contexts of plant life. These peptides affect cellular activities, such as proliferation and cell fate decisions, through their perception by cell surface receptors located on the plasma membrane of target cells. ERECTA (ER), an Arabidopsis thaliana receptor kinase gene, was first identified as a stem growth regulator, and since then an increasing number of studies have shown that ER is involved in a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. In particular, molecular functions of ER have been extensively studied in stomatal patterning. Furthermore, the importance of ER signaling in vascular tissues of inflorescence stems, especially in phloem cells, has recently been highlighted. In this review article, first we briefly summarize the history of ER research including studies on stomatal development, then introduce ER functions in vascular tissues, and discuss its interactions with phytohormones and other receptor kinase signaling pathways. Future questions and challenges will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tameshige
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuka Ikematsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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29
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Hossain MS, Shrestha A, Zhong S, Miri M, Austin RS, Sato S, Ross L, Huebert T, Tromas A, Torres-Jerez I, Tang Y, Udvardi M, Murray JD, Szczyglowski K. Lotus japonicus NF-YA1 Plays an Essential Role During Nodule Differentiation and Targets Members of the SHI/STY Gene Family. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:950-964. [PMID: 27929718 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-16-0206-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants engage in intimate relationships with rhizobial bacteria to form nitrogen-fixing nodules, root-derived organs that accommodate the microsymbiont. Members of the Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) gene family, which have undergone significant expansion and functional diversification during plant evolution, are essential for this symbiotic liaison. Acting in a partially redundant manner, NF-Y proteins were shown, previously, to regulate bacterial infection, including selection of a superior rhizobial strain, and to mediate nodule structure formation. However, the exact mechanism by which these transcriptional factors exert their symbiotic functions has remained elusive. By carrying out detailed functional analyses of Lotus japonicus mutants, we demonstrate that LjNF-YA1 becomes indispensable downstream from the initial cortical cell divisions but prior to nodule differentiation, including cell enlargement and vascular bundle formation. Three affiliates of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH transcription factor gene family, called STY1, STY2, and STY3, are demonstrated to be among likely direct targets of LjNF-YA1, and our results point to their involvement in nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhawat Hossain
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Arina Shrestha
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Sihui Zhong
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Mandana Miri
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Ryan S Austin
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Shusei Sato
- 3 Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; and
| | - Loretta Ross
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Terry Huebert
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Ivone Torres-Jerez
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Yuhong Tang
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Michael Udvardi
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Krzysztof Szczyglowski
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
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30
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Youssef HM, Eggert K, Koppolu R, Alqudah AM, Poursarebani N, Fazeli A, Sakuma S, Tagiri A, Rutten T, Govind G, Lundqvist U, Graner A, Komatsuda T, Sreenivasulu N, Schnurbusch T. VRS2 regulates hormone-mediated inflorescence patterning in barley. Nat Genet 2016; 49:157-161. [PMID: 27841879 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant architecture has clear agronomic and economic implications for crops such as wheat and barley, as it is a critical factor for determining grain yield. Despite this, only limited molecular information is available about how grain-bearing inflorescences, called spikes, are formed and maintain their regular, distichous pattern. Here we elucidate the molecular and hormonal role of Six-rowed spike 2 (Vrs2), which encodes a SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) transcriptional regulator during barley inflorescence and shoot development. We show that Vrs2 is specifically involved in floral organ patterning and phase duration by maintaining hormonal homeostasis and gradients during normal spike development and similarly influences plant stature traits. Furthermore, we establish a link between the SHI protein family and sucrose metabolism during organ growth and development that may have implications for deeper molecular insights into inflorescence and plant architecture in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kai Eggert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Arash Fazeli
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shun Sakuma
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Geetha Govind
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Reliance R&D Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Andreas Graner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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31
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Robert HS, Crhak Khaitova L, Mroue S, Benková E. The importance of localized auxin production for morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5029-42. [PMID: 26019252 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant sexual reproduction involves highly structured and specialized organs: stamens (male) and gynoecia (female, containing ovules). These organs synchronously develop within protective flower buds, until anthesis, via tightly coordinated mechanisms that are essential for effective fertilization and production of viable seeds. The phytohormone auxin is one of the key endogenous signalling molecules controlling initiation and development of these, and other, plant organs. In particular, its uneven distribution, resulting from tightly controlled production, metabolism and directional transport, is an important morphogenic factor. In this review we discuss how developmentally controlled and localized auxin biosynthesis and transport contribute to the coordinated development of plants' reproductive organs, and their fertilized derivatives (embryos) via the regulation of auxin levels and distribution within and around them. Current understanding of the links between de novo local auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and/or signalling is presented to highlight the importance of the non-cell autonomous action of auxin production on development and morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos. An overview of transcription factor families, which spatiotemporally define local auxin production by controlling key auxin biosynthetic enzymes, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Crhak Khaitova
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Souad Mroue
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Konishi M, Yanagisawa S. Transcriptional repression caused by Dof5.8 is involved in proper vein network formation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:643-652. [PMID: 25794540 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants have a network of vasculature in their leaves, which supplies water and nutrients and exports photoassimilates to other tissues. The vascular network is patterned during the development of leaf primordia through the induction of provascular differentiation by auxin. Arabidopsis thaliana Dof5.8, encoding a Dof-type transcription factor, is expressed early in provascular cells under the control of the MONOPTEROS transcription factor, also known as auxin response factor 5 (ARF5). Here, we report the effect of overexpressing Dof5.8 in provascular cells on the formation of the vascular network. Overexpression of Dof5.8 inhibited the formation of higher-order veins in cotyledons and leaves, probably through transcriptional repression by Dof5.8. The expression of auxin-associated transcription factor genes, DORNRöSCHEN and SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE 5, was downregulated in the Dof5.8 overexpressors, and overexpression of these genes partially rescued the impaired formation of higher-order veins in Dof5.8-overexpressing lines, suggesting that the overexpression of Dof5.8 modulates the auxin response and leads to impaired vein formation in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineko Konishi
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Laureano-Marín AM, García I, Romero LC, Gotor C. Assessing the transcriptional regulation of L-cysteine desulfhydrase 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:683. [PMID: 25538717 PMCID: PMC4255504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule that functions as a physiological gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and CO in mammalian systems. In plants, numerous studies have shown that sulfide increases tolerance/resistance to stress conditions and regulates essential processes. The endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide in the cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana occurs by the enzymatic desulfuration of L-cysteine, which is catalyzed by the L-cysteine desulfhydrase enzyme DES1. To define the functional role of DES1 and the role that the sulfide molecule may play in the regulation of physiological processes in plants, we studied the localization of the expression of this gene at the tissue level. Transcriptional data reveal that DES1 is expressed at all developmental stages and is more abundant at the seedling stage and in mature plants. At the tissue level, we analyzed the expression of a GFP reporter gene fused to promoter of DES1. The GFP fluorescent signal was detected in the cytosol of both epidermal and mesophyll cells, including the guard cells. GFP fluorescence was highly abundant around the hydathode pores and inside the trichomes. In mature plants, fluorescence was detected in floral tissues; a strong GFP signal was detected in sepals, petals, and pistils. When siliques were examined, the highest GFP fluorescence was observed at the bases of the siliques and the seeds. The location of GFP expression, together with the identification of regulatory elements within the DES1 promoter, suggests that DES1 is hormonally regulated. An increase in DES1 expression in response to ABA was recently demonstrated; in the present work, we observe that in vitro auxin treatment significantly repressed the expression of DES1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecilia Gotor
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Gotor, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain e-mail:
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DePaoli HC, Dornelas MC, Goldman MHS. SCI1 is a component of the auxin-dependent control of cell proliferation in Arabidopsis upper pistil. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:122-130. [PMID: 25443839 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the recently described SCI1 (stigma/style cell cycle inhibitor 1) gene relationship with the auxin pathway, we have taken the advantage of the Arabidopsis model system and its available tools. At first, we have analyzed the At1g79200 T-DNA insertion mutants and constructed various transgenic plants. The loss- and gain-of-function plants displayed cell number alterations in upper pistils that were controlled by the amino-terminal domain of the protein. These data also confirmed that this locus holds the functional homolog (AtSCI1) of the Nicotiana tabacum SCI1 gene. Then, we have provided some evidences the auxin synthesis/signaling pathways are required for downstream proper AtSCI1 control of cell number: (a) its expression is downregulated in yuc2yuc6 and npy1 auxin-deficient mutants, (b) triple (yuc2yuc6sci1) and double (npy1sci1) mutants mimicked the auxin-deficient phenotypes, with no synergistic interactions, and (c) the increased upper pistil phenotype in these last mutants, which is a consequence of an increased cell number, was able to be complemented by AtSCI1 overexpression. Taken together, our data strongly suggests SCI1 as a component of the auxin signaling transduction pathway to control cell proliferation/differentiation in stigma/style, representing a molecular effector of this hormone on pistil development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Cestari DePaoli
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; PPG-Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena S Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil.
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Slane D, Kong J, Berendzen KW, Kilian J, Henschen A, Kolb M, Schmid M, Harter K, Mayer U, De Smet I, Bayer M, Jürgens G. Cell type-specific transcriptome analysis in the early Arabidopsis thaliana embryo. Development 2014; 141:4831-40. [PMID: 25411212 DOI: 10.1242/dev.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cellular differences in gene activity are a prerequisite for differentiation and establishment of cell types. In order to study transcriptome profiles, specific cell types have to be isolated from a given tissue or even the whole organism. However, whole-transcriptome analysis of early embryos in flowering plants has been hampered by their size and inaccessibility. Here, we describe the purification of nuclear RNA from early stage Arabidopsis thaliana embryos using fluorescence-activated nuclear sorting (FANS) to generate expression profiles of early stages of the whole embryo, the proembryo and the suspensor. We validated our datasets of differentially expressed candidate genes by promoter-reporter gene fusions and in situ hybridization. Our study revealed that different classes of genes with respect to biological processes and molecular functions are preferentially expressed either in the proembryo or in the suspensor. This method can be used especially for tissues with a limited cell population and inaccessible tissue types. Furthermore, we provide a valuable resource for research on Arabidopsis early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Slane
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jixiang Kong
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kenneth W Berendzen
- Department of Plant Physiology, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Joachim Kilian
- Department of Plant Physiology, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Agnes Henschen
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Martina Kolb
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Department of Plant Physiology, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mayer
- Microscopy facility, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Ghent B-9052, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent B-9052, Belgium Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin Bayer
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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De Rybel B, Breda AS, Weijers D. Prenatal plumbing--vascular tissue formation in the plant embryo. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:126-133. [PMID: 24032409 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The first vascular tissue precursors are specified early during embryogenesis. These precursors give rise to the multi-layered cylinder of hypocotyl and root through controlled, oriented divisions. Concomitant with its growth, the bundle is patterned into xylem and phloem tissues, and intervening procambial cells. These patterns are later maintained during post-embryonic growth and vascular cells will eventually differentiate, displaying characteristic secondary cell wall modifications. Given that the vascular system forms de novo in a simple yet predictable fashion, the embryo provides an excellent model system to study early developmental aspects of vascular tissue formation. However, the benefits of this model are only beginning to be exploited, and most knowledge about the vascular development is derived from growing post-embryonic tissues. Importantly, it is unclear how much of these established post-embryonic mechanisms can be extrapolated to tissue formation during embryogenesis. Here we review concepts established in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and focus on recent advances made in understanding embryonic vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert De Rybel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6703HA, the Netherlands
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Cohu CM, Muller O, Demmig-Adams B, Adams WW. Minor loading vein acclimation for three Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes in response to growth under different temperature and light regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:240. [PMID: 23847643 PMCID: PMC3701806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In light of the important role of foliar phloem as the nexus between energy acquisition through photosynthesis and distribution of the products of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant, as well as communication between the whole plant and its leaves, we examined whether foliar minor loading veins in three Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes undergo acclimation to the growth environment. As a winter annual exhibiting higher rates of photosynthesis in response to cooler vs. warmer temperatures, this species might be expected to adjust the structure of its phloem to accommodate greater fluxes of sugars in response to growth at low temperature. Minor (fourth- and third-order) veins had 14 or fewer sieve elements and phloem tissue comprised 50% or more of the cross-sectional area. The number of phloem cells per minor loading vein was greater in leaves grown under cool temperature and high light vs. warm temperature and moderate light. This effect was greatest in an ecotype from Sweden, in which growth under cool temperature and high light resulted in minor veins with an even greater emphasis on phloem (50% more phloem cells with more than 100% greater cross-sectional area of phloem) compared to growth under warm temperature and moderate light. Likewise, the number of sieve elements per minor vein increased linearly with growth temperature under moderate light, almost doubling over a 27°C temperature range (21°C leaf temperature range) in the Swedish ecotype. Increased emphasis on cells involved in sugar loading and transport may be critical for maintaining sugar export from leaves of an overwintering annual such as A. thaliana, and particularly for the ecotype from the northern-most population experiencing the lowest temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William W. Adams
- *Correspondence: William W. Adams III, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA e-mail:
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