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Liu L, Chen X, Ciais P, Yuan W, Maignan F, Wu J, Piao S, Wang YP, Wigneron JP, Fan L, Gentine P, Yang X, Gong F, Liu H, Wang C, Tang X, Yang H, Ye Q, He B, Shang J, Su Y. Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1583-1595. [PMID: 34854168 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time-series records of remotely sensed Ku-band vegetation optical depth (Ku-VOD), a proxy of top-canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku-VOD changes into drought-induced reductions and subsequent non-drought gains. Both drought-induced reductions and non-drought increases in Ku-VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku-VOD reductions during drought and larger non-drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta-analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem-transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku-VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height-dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Wenping Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lei Fan
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanxi Gong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Tang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Qing Ye
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Shang
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongxian Su
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Nakamura T, Ishida A, Kawai K, Minagi K, Saiki S, Yazaki K, Yoshimura J. Tree hazards compounded by successive climate extremes after masting in a small endemic tree, Distylium lepidotum, on subtropical islands in Japan. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5094-5108. [PMID: 34170598 PMCID: PMC8518126 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming increases the frequency and severity of tropical typhoons and prolonged drought, leading to forest degradation. Simultaneous and/or successive masting events and climatic extremes may thus occur frequently in the near future. If these climatic extremes occur immediately after mass seed reproduction, their effects on individual trees are expected to be very severe because mass reproduction decreases carbohydrate reserves. While the effects of either a single climate extreme or masting alone on tree resilience/growth have received past research attention, understanding the cumulative effects of such multiple events remains challenging and is crucial for predicting future forest changes. Here, we report tree hazards compound by two successive climate extremes, a tropical typhoon and prolonged drought, after mass reproduction in an endemic tree species (Distylium lepidotum Nakai) on oceanic islands. Across individual trees, the starch stored within the sapwood of branchlets significantly decreased with reproductive efforts (fruit mass/shoot mass ratio). Typhoon damage significantly decreased not only the total leaf area of apical shoots but also the maximum photosynthetic rates. During the 5-month period after the typhoon, the mortality of large branchlets (8-10-mm diameter) increased with decreasing stored starch when the typhoon hit. During the prolonged summer drought in the next year, the recovery of total leaf area, stored starch, and hydraulic conductivity was negatively correlated with the stored starch at the typhoon. These data indicate that the level of stored starch within branchlets is the driving factor determining tree regrowth or dieback, and the restoration of carbohydrates after mass reproduction is synergistically delayed by such climate extremes. Stored carbohydrates are the major cumulative factor affecting individual tree resilience, resulting in their historical effects. Because of highly variable carbohydrate levels among individual trees, the resultant impacts of such successive events on forest dieback will be fundamentally different among trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakamura
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Kiyosada Kawai
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kanji Minagi
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Shin‐Taro Saiki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteSapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical MedicineNagasaki UniversityNagasakiNagasakiJapan
- Faculty of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachiojiTokyoJapan
- The University MuseumThe University of TokyoBunkyoTokyoJapan
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3
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Unmanned Aerial System and Machine Learning Techniques Help to Detect Dead Woody Components in a Tropical Dry Forest. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Increased frequency and intensity of drought events are predicted to occur throughout the world because of climate change. These extreme climate events result in higher tree mortality and fraction of dead woody components, phenomena that are currently being reported worldwide as critical indicators of the impacts of climate change on forest diversity and function. In this paper, we assess the accuracy and processing times of ten machine learning (ML) techniques, applied to multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data to detect dead canopy woody components. Materials and Methods: This work was conducted on five secondary dry forest plots located at the Santa Rosa National Park Environmental Monitoring Super Site, Costa Rica. Results: The coverage of dead woody components at the selected secondary dry forest plots was estimated to range from 4.8% to 16.1%, with no differences between the successional stages. Of the ten ML techniques, the support vector machine with radial kernel (SVMR) and random forests (RF) provided the highest accuracies (0.982 vs. 0.98, respectively). Of these two ML algorithms, the processing time of SVMR was longer than the processing time of RF (8735.64 s vs. 989 s). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that it is feasible to detect and quantify dead woody components, such as dead stands and fallen trees, using a combination of high-resolution UAV data and ML algorithms. Using this technology, accuracy values higher than 95% were achieved. However, it is important to account for a series of factors, such as the optimization of the tuning parameters of the ML algorithms, the environmental conditions and the time of the UAV data acquisition.
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González-Cásares M, Pompa-García M, Venegas-González A, Domínguez-Calleros P, Hernández-Díaz J, Carrillo-Parra A, González-Tagle M. Hydroclimatic variations reveal differences in carbon capture in two sympatric conifers in northern Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7085. [PMID: 31218130 PMCID: PMC6568252 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forest ecosystems are considered among the largest terrestrial carbon sinks. The dynamics of forest carbon depend on where the carbon is stored and its responses to environmental factors, as well as the physiology of the trees. Thus, threatened forest regions with high biodiversity have great scientific importance, such as the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. A comparative analysis of tree species can expand the knowledge of the carbon cycle dynamics and ecological processes in this region. Here, we examined the growth, wood density, and carbon accumulation of two threatened species (Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cupressus lusitanica) to evaluate their hydroclimatic responsiveness. Methods The temporal variations in the carbon accumulation patterns of two co-occurring species (P. menziesii and C. lusitanica) and their sensitivity to the local climate were studied using dendroecological techniques, X-ray densitometry, and allometric equations. Results The results show that the annual carbon accumulation in C. lusitanica is positively associated with the temperature during the current fall, while the carbon accumulation in P. menziesii is correlated with the rainfall during the winter of the previous year. The climatic responses are associated with the intra-annual variations of wood density and ring widths for each species. The ring width was strongly correlated with carbon accumulation in C. lusitanica, while the mean wood density was linked to carbon accumulation in P. menziesii. Discussion This study has implications for the carbon accumulation rates of both species, revealing differences in the carbon capture patterns in response to climatic variations. Although the species coexist, there are variation in the hydroclimatic sensitivity of the annual carbon sequestered by trunks of trees, which would be associated with tree-ring width and/or wood density, i.e., directly by anatomical features. The results are relevant to analyze the response to the variability of climatic conditions expected in the near future of the tree communities of Sierra Madre Occidental. Therefore, this study provides a basis for modeling the long-term carbon budget projections in terrestrial ecosystems in northern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos González-Cásares
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México.,Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Marín Pompa-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Alejandro Venegas-González
- Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - José Hernández-Díaz
- Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Artemio Carrillo-Parra
- Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
| | - Marco González-Tagle
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, México
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Kono Y, Ishida A, Saiki ST, Yoshimura K, Dannoura M, Yazaki K, Kimura F, Yoshimura J, Aikawa SI. Initial hydraulic failure followed by late-stage carbon starvation leads to drought-induced death in the tree Trema orientalis. Commun Biol 2019; 2:8. [PMID: 30623104 PMCID: PMC6323055 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought-induced tree death has become a serious problem in global forest ecosystems. Two nonexclusive hypotheses, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, have been proposed to explain tree die-offs. To clarify the mechanisms, we investigated the physiological processes of drought-induced tree death in saplings with contrasting Huber values (sapwood area/total leaf area). First, hydraulic failure and reduced respiration were found in the initial process of tree decline, and in the last stage carbon starvation led to tree death. The carbohydrate reserves at the stem bases, low in healthy trees, accumulated at the beginning of the declining process due to phloem transport failure, and then decreased just before dying. The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates at the stem bases are a good indicator of tree damage. The physiological processes and carbon sink-source dynamics that occur during lethal drought provide important insights into the adaptive measures underlying forest die-offs under global warming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kono
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113 Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113 Japan
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555 Japan
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan
| | - Fuku Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880 Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology and Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu Shizuoka, 432-8561 Japan
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
- Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa, Chiba 299-5502 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Aikawa
- Japan Forest Technology Association, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-5281 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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Van Camp J, Hubeau M, Van den Bulcke J, Van Acker J, Steppe K. Cambial pinning relates wood anatomy to ecophysiology in the African tropical tree Maesopsis eminii. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:232-242. [PMID: 29194496 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding and prediction of the impact of changing climate on tree stem growth could greatly benefit from the combination of anatomical and ecophysiological knowledge, yet the majority of studies focus on one research field only. We propose an approach that combines the method of pinning (cambial wounding) to timestamp anatomical X-ray computed microtomography images with continuous measurements of sap flow and stem diameter variations. By pinning the cambium of well-watered and drought-treated young African tropical trees of the species Maesopsis eminii Engl. we could quantify wood formation during a specific period of time and relate it to tree physiology and prevailing microclimate. Integrating continuous plant measurements and high-frequency pinning proved very useful to visualize and quantify the effects on stem growth of drought in M. eminii. Wood formation completely stopped during drought, and was associated with a strong shrinkage in stem diameter. Next, an unexpected increase in stem diameter was observed during drought, probably caused by root pressure, but not accompanied by wood formation. Our proposed approach of combining continuous plant measurements with cambial pinning is very promising to relate ecophysiology to stem anatomy and to understand the mechanisms underlying tree stem growth and bridge the gaps between the two research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Van Camp
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Michiel Hubeau
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Ward EJ. Measuring water fluxes in forests: the need for integrative platforms of analysis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:929-931. [PMID: 27506437 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Ward
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008 MS6301, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301, USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695-8008, USA
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8
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Yoshimura K, Saiki ST, Yazaki K, Ogasa MY, Shirai M, Nakano T, Yoshimura J, Ishida A. The dynamics of carbon stored in xylem sapwood to drought-induced hydraulic stress in mature trees. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24513. [PMID: 27079677 PMCID: PMC4832204 DOI: 10.1038/srep24513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-induced forest die-off is widespread in multiple biomes, strongly affecting the species composition, function and primary production in forest ecosystems. Hydraulic failure and carbon starvation in xylem sapwood are major hypotheses to explain drought-induced tree mortality. Because it is difficult to obtain enough field observations on drought-induced mortality in adult trees, the current understanding of the physiological mechanisms for tree die-offs is still controversial. However, the simultaneous examination of water and carbon uses throughout dehydration and rehydration processes in adult trees will contribute to clarify the roles of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation in tree wilting. Here we show the processes of the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) of distal branches in woody plants with contrasting water use strategy. Starch was converted to soluble sugar during PLC progression under drought, and the hydraulic conductivity recovered following water supply. The conversion of NSCs is strongly associated with PLC variations during dehydration and rehydration processes, indicating that stored carbon contributes to tree survival under drought; further carbon starvation can advance hydraulic failure. We predict that even slow-progressing drought degrades forest ecosystems via carbon starvation, causing more frequent catastrophic forest die-offs than the present projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yoshimura
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Mayumi Y. Ogasa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Makoto Shirai
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government. Fuji-Yoshida, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa, Chiba 299-5502, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY13210, USA
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
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9
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Acoustic Emissions to Measure Drought-Induced Cavitation in Plants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Vandegehuchte MW, Bloemen J, Vergeynst LL, Steppe K. Woody tissue photosynthesis in trees: salve on the wounds of drought? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:998-1002. [PMID: 26226885 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurits W Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Bloemen
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Ecology, Research Group Ecophysiology and Ecosystem Processes, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraβe 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lidewei L Vergeynst
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Eitzel MV, Battles J, York R, de Valpine P. Can't see the trees for the forest: complex factors influence tree survival in a temperate second growth forest. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00105.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Steppe K, Vandegehuchte MW, Tognetti R, Mencuccini M. Sap flow as a key trait in the understanding of plant hydraulic functioning. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:341-5. [PMID: 25926534 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Maurits W Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Universita' degli Studi del Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK; ICREA at CREAF, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Pangle RE, Limousin JM, Plaut JA, Yepez EA, Hudson PJ, Boutz AL, Gehres N, Pockman WT, McDowell NG. Prolonged experimental drought reduces plant hydraulic conductance and transpiration and increases mortality in a piñon-juniper woodland. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1618-38. [PMID: 25937906 PMCID: PMC4409411 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hydraulic conductance (ks) is a critical control on whole-plant water use and carbon uptake and, during drought, influences whether plants survive or die. To assess long-term physiological and hydraulic responses of mature trees to water availability, we manipulated ecosystem-scale water availability from 2007 to 2013 in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) woodland. We examined the relationship between ks and subsequent mortality using more than 5 years of physiological observations, and the subsequent impact of reduced hydraulic function and mortality on total woody canopy transpiration (EC) and conductance (GC). For both species, we observed significant reductions in plant transpiration (E) and ks under experimentally imposed drought. Conversely, supplemental water additions increased E and ks in both species. Interestingly, both species exhibited similar declines in ks under the imposed drought conditions, despite their differing stomatal responses and mortality patterns during drought. Reduced whole-plant ks also reduced carbon assimilation in both species, as leaf-level stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (An) declined strongly with decreasing ks. Finally, we observed that chronically low whole-plant ks was associated with greater canopy dieback and mortality for both piñon and juniper and that subsequent reductions in woody canopy biomass due to mortality had a significant impact on both daily and annual canopy EC and GC. Our data indicate that significant reductions in ks precede drought-related tree mortality events in this system, and the consequence is a significant reduction in canopy gas exchange and carbon fixation. Our results suggest that reductions in productivity and woody plant cover in piñon–juniper woodlands can be expected due to reduced plant hydraulic conductance and increased mortality of both piñon pine and juniper under anticipated future conditions of more frequent and persistent regional drought in the southwestern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Pangle
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE, UMR5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jennifer A Plaut
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
| | - Enrico A Yepez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, 85000, Mexico
| | - Patrick J Hudson
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
| | - Amanda L Boutz
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
| | - Nathan Gehres
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545
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Cano FJ, López R, Warren CR. Implications of the mesophyll conductance to CO2 for photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during long-term water stress and recovery in two contrasting Eucalyptus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2470-90. [PMID: 24635724 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water stress (WS) slows growth and photosynthesis (A(n)), but most knowledge comes from short-time studies that do not account for longer term acclimation processes that are especially relevant in tree species. Using two Eucalyptus species that contrast in drought tolerance, we induced moderate and severe water deficits by withholding water until stomatal conductance (g(sw)) decreased to two pre-defined values for 24 d, WS was maintained at the target g(sw) for 29 d and then plants were re-watered. Additionally, we developed new equations to simulate the effect on mesophyll conductance (g(m)) of accounting for the resistance to refixation of CO(2). The diffusive limitations to CO(2), dominated by the stomata, were the most important constraints to A(n). Full recovery of A(n) was reached after re-watering, characterized by quick recovery of gm and even higher biochemical capacity, in contrast to the slower recovery of g(sw). The acclimation to long-term WS led to decreased mesophyll and biochemical limitations, in contrast to studies in which stress was imposed more rapidly. Finally, we provide evidence that higher gm under WS contributes to higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and reduces the leaf oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of gm as a target for breeding/genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Cano
- Unidad Docente de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Wang LF. Physiological and molecular responses to drought stress in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:243-9. [PMID: 25194774 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant drought stress response and tolerance are complex biological processes. In order to reveal the drought tolerance mechanism in rubber tree, physiological responses and expressions of genes involved in energy biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were systematically analyzed following drought stress treatment. Results showed that relative water content (RWC) in leaves was continuously decreased with the severity of drought stress. Wilting leaves were observed at 7 day without water (dww). Total chlorophyll content was increased at 1 dww, but decreased from 3 dww. However, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were significantly increased under drought stress. Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were markedly enhanced at 1 and 3 dww, respectively. Meanwhile, the soluble sugar content was constant under drought stress. These indicated that photosynthetic activity and membrane lipid integrity were quickly attenuated by drought stress in rubber tree, and osmoregulation participated in drought tolerance mechanism in rubber tree. Expressions of energy biosynthesis and ROS scavenging systems related genes, including HbCuZnSOD, HbMnSOD, HbAPX, HbCAT, HbCOA, HbATP, and HbACAT demonstrated that these genes were significantly up-regulated by drought stress, and reached a maximum at 3 dww, then followed by a decrease from 5 dww. These results suggested that drought stress adaption in rubber tree was governed by energy biosynthesis, antioxidative enzymes, and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-feng Wang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
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17
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Hicke JA, Zeppel MJB. Climate-driven tree mortality: insights from the piñon pine die-off in the United States. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:301-303. [PMID: 24050632 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Hicke
- Department of Geography, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Melanie J B Zeppel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Nardini A, Battistuzzo M, Savi T. Shoot desiccation and hydraulic failure in temperate woody angiosperms during an extreme summer drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:322-329. [PMID: 23593942 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant water status and hydraulics were measured in six woody angiosperms growing in a karstic woodland, during an extreme summer drought. Our aim was to take advantage of an unusual climatic event to identify key traits related to species-specific drought damage. The damage suffered by different species was assessed in terms of percentage of individuals showing extensive crown desiccation. Stem water potential (Ψstem ) and percent loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) were measured in healthy and desiccated individuals. Vulnerability to cavitation was assessed in terms of stem water potential inducing 50% PLC (Ψ50 ). Stem density (ρstem ) was also measured. Species-specific percentage of desiccated individuals was correlated to Ψ50 and ρstem . Crown desiccation was more widespread in species with less negative Ψ50 and lower ρstem . Desiccated individuals had lower Ψstem and higher PLC than healthy ones, suggesting that hydraulic failure was an important mechanism driving shoot dieback. Drought-vulnerable species showed lower safety margins (Ψstem - Ψ50 ) than resistant ones. The Ψ50 , safety margins and ρstem values emerge as convenient traits to be used for tentative predictions of differential species-specific impact of extreme drought events on a local scale. The possibility that carbohydrate depletion was also involved in induction of desiccation symptoms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta Battistuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tadeja Savi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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