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Otero A, Vargas P, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Valcárcel V, Villa-Machío I, Hipp AL. A snapshot of progenitor-derivative speciation in Iberodes (Boraginaceae). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3192-3209. [PMID: 35390211 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional classification of speciation modes has focused on physical barriers to gene flow. Allopatric speciation with complete reproductive isolation is viewed as the most common mechanism of speciation. Parapatry and sympatry, by contrast, entail speciation in the face of ongoing gene flow, making them more difficult to detect. The genus Iberodes (Boraginaceae, NW Europe) comprises five species with contrasting morphological traits, habitats, and species distributions. Based on the predominance of narrow and geographically distant endemic species, we hypothesized that geographic barriers were responsible for most speciation events in Iberodes. We undertook an integrative study including: (i) phylogenomics through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, (ii) genetic structure analyses, (iii) demographic modeling, (iv) morphometrics, and (v) climatic niche modeling and niche overlap analysis. Results revealed a history of recurrent progenitor-derivative speciation manifested by a paraphyletic pattern of nested species differentiation. Budding speciation mediated by ecological differentiation is suggested for the coastal lineage, deriving from the inland widespread I. linifolia during Late Pliocene. Meanwhile, geographic isolation followed by niche shifts are suggested for the more recent differentiation of the coastland taxa. Our work provides a model for distinguishing speciation via ecological differentiation of peripheral, narrowly endemic I. kuzinskyanae and I. littoralis from a widespread extant ancestor, I. linifolia. Ultimately, our results illustrate a case of Pliocene speciation in the probable absence of geographic barriers and get away from the traditional cladistic perspective of speciation as producing two species from an extinct ancestor, thus reminding us that phylogenetic trees tell only part of the story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Otero
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Villa-Machío
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, 60532, Lisle, Illinois, USA
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2
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Pinto-Carrasco D, Delgado L, Sánchez Agudo JA, Rico E, Martínez-Ortega MM. Phylogeography and ecological differentiation of strictly Mediterranean taxa: the case of the Iberian endemic Odontites recordonii. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:166-183. [PMID: 34668187 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ecological drivers for genetic differentiation in Mediterranean climates are still underexplored. We have used the strictly Mediterranean endemic Odontites recordonii as a model species to address this question. This species is one of the three Iberian representatives of the O. vernus group, which are morphologically similar. Thus, it was additionally necessary to clarify their phylogenetic relationships. METHODS We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms to reveal phylogenetic relationships within O. vernus group, and to reconstruct the phylogeographic patterns within O. recordonii. Additionally, ecological niche models were generated to detect refugia along the Quaternary climatic oscillations. And finally, alleles under natural selection were identified, and correlations between allele presences and environmental variables were calculated in order to shed light on the ecological drivers promoting differentiation. RESULTS The three species from the O. vernus group were recovered as distinct species. Three genetic groups were found within O. recordonii and a putative refugium was detected for each one. Eighty-one alleles could be under diversifying selection, and 58 alleles showed significant correlations with environmental variables, especially with temperature and precipitation seasonality and summer drought. CONCLUSIONS The three Iberian species of the O. vernus group are reciprocal monophyletic taxa. The three genetic groups of O. recordonii could have been restricted to narrow refugia during the Quaternary and displayed present distributions in accordance with bioclimatic conditions. Temperature and precipitation seasonality and the intensity of summer drought are definitory climatic parameters of Mediterranean-type climates, and they could have acted as drivers of genetic differentiation on O. recordonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pinto-Carrasco
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Biobanco de ADN vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Espejo s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Delgado
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez Agudo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Rico
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Biobanco de ADN vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Espejo s/n, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain
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3
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Criado Ruiz D, Villa Machío I, Herrero Nieto A, Nieto Feliner G. Hybridization and cryptic speciation in the Iberian endemic plant genus Phalacrocarpum (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 156:107024. [PMID: 33271372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role and impact of reticulation in phylogenetic inquiry has improved with extended use of high throughput sequencing data. Yet, due to the dynamism of genomes over evolutionary time, disentangling old hybridization events remains a serious challenge. Phalacrocarpum (DC.) Willk. is one of the 27 Iberian endemic plant genera, currently considered monotypic but including three subspecies. Its uncertain phylogenetic relationships within tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) point to an Early Miocene divergence from its sister group, and its persistent taxonomic instability has been proposed to be due to hybridization. We aim at understanding the evolutionary history of this genus using SNPs called from a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis, Sanger sequences-from three plastid DNA regions (psbJ-petA, petB-petD, trnH-psbA) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions (cloned)-as well as leaf morphometric multivariate analysis. SNP data and Sanger sequences strongly support the unforeseen existence of a cryptic species in the eastern populations of P. oppositifolium subsp. anomalum. Broad molecular and morphometric patterns of variation found in conflictive populations from the Sanabria Valley region convincingly identify a recent previously undocumented hybrid zone. By contrast, evidence is less conclusive on relationships between subspecies hoffmannseggii, oppositifolium and a second conflictive group distributed along the Galician-Portuguese border (Orense massifs). Although genetic clustering analysis of SNP data suggests that the former subspecies was the maternal progenitor in hybridization events that gave rise to the other two groups, we found considerable uniqueness of ITS ribotypes and plastid haplotypes in them. This result, in the context of Pleistocene climatically-driven range shifts in NW Iberian Peninsula, can be due to periods of isolation, genetic bottlenecks and drift superimposed on old hybridization events. Our study confirms the idea that unravelling old hybridization events may be compromised by the suite of evolutionary processes accumulated subsequently, particularly in areas with a history of climatic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Criado Ruiz
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Villa Machío
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Castro M, Loureiro J, Figueiredo A, Serrano M, Husband BC, Castro S. Different Patterns of Ecological Divergence Between Two Tetraploids and Their Diploid Counterpart in a Parapatric Linear Coastal Distribution Polyploid Complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32265966 PMCID: PMC7098452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a widespread mechanism of evolutionary divergence in flowering plants. Ecological divergence of polyploid lineages has been proposed as a key process shaping the distribution of cytotypes in nature (niche shift hypothesis); however, evidence for the role of niche separation in replicated diploid-polyploid species pairs is still needed. This study aimed to assess the role of abiotic factors shaping current cytotype distributions. For that, we examined the distribution and environmental niches of two varieties recognized in diploid-tetraploid Jasione maritima across the species range and within a putative contact zone on the Iberian Peninsula. We counted chromosomes, screened for ploidy across Iberian Peninsula and characterized environmental requirements using niche modeling tools. We found that J. maritima var. maritima is composed by diploids with disjunct distribution in the west coast of France and northwest Iberian Peninsula, and by tetraploids in Iberian Peninsula, while var. sabularia is tetraploid. In the Iberian Peninsula, two parapatric contact zones along a linear coastal distribution were detected, one between diploid and tetraploid var. maritima, and the other between tetraploids of the two varieties. Environmental variables of diploid populations from France are distinct from those of southern diploid populations, which are more similar to tetraploids. In general, niche modeling results are congruent with the observed distribution patterns, although the results suggest a wider contact zone between varieties and cytotypes. Tetraploids of both varieties revealed different degrees of environmental divergence in comparison with their diploid counterpart. Tetraploid var. sabularia differed environmentally from diploids suggesting niche divergence. In contrast, tetraploid var. maritima overlapped with diploid environmental niche and currently occupies its entire predicted range, whereas diploids are restricted to northern areas of their suitable environment. Differences in ecological envelopes facilitate the recognition of functional units of biodiversity within polyploid groups, allowing the study of factors related to post-polyploidization divergence. Thus, whereas changes in environmental requirements may have allowed tetraploid var. sabularia to spread in habitats not favorable to diploids, other factors are involved with the distribution of diploid and tetraploid var. maritima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Albano Figueiredo
- Centre for Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, Department of Geography and Tourism, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Serrano
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Brian C. Husband
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sílvia Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Soley-Guardia M, Carnaval AC, Anderson RP. Sufficient versus optimal climatic stability during the Late Quaternary: using environmental quality to guide phylogeographic inferences in a Neotropical montane system. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractQuaternary climatic oscillations affected species distributions worldwide, creating cycles of connectivity and isolation that impacted population demography and promoted lineage divergence. These effects have been well studied in temperate regions. Taxa inhabiting mesic montane habitats in tropical ecosystems show high levels of endemism and diversification in the distinct mountain ranges they inhabit; such a pattern has commonly been ascribed to past climatic oscillations, but few phylogeographic studies have tested this hypothesis. Here, we combine ecological niche models of species distributions with molecular data to study phylogeographic patterns in two rodents endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Reithrodontomys creper and Nephelomys devius). In so doing, we apply a novel approach that incorporates a basic ecological principle: the expected positive relationship between environmental suitability and population abundance. Specifically, we use niche models to predict potential patterns of population connectivity and stability of different suitability levels during climatic extremes of the last glacial–interglacial cycle; we then test these predictions with population genetic analyses of a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker. The detailed predictions arising from the different levels of suitability were moderately to highly congruent with the molecular data depending on the species. Overall, results suggest that in these tropical montane ecosystems, cycles of population connectivity and isolation followed a pattern opposite to that typically described for temperate or lowland tropical ecosystems: namely, higher connectivity during the colder glacials, with isolation in montane refugia during the interglacials, including today. Nevertheless, the individualistic patterns for each species indicate a potentially wide gamut of phylogeographic histories reflecting particularities of their niches. Taken together, this study illustrates how phylogeographic inferences may benefit from niche model outputs that provide more detailed predictions of connectivity and finer characterizations of potential refugia through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Soley-Guardia
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Anderson
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Rocha-Méndez A, Sánchez-González LA, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Navarro-Sigüenza AG. Phylogeography indicates incomplete genetic divergence among phenotypically differentiated montane forest populations of Atlapetesalbinucha (Aves, Passerellidae). Zookeys 2019:125-148. [PMID: 30598618 PMCID: PMC6306474 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.809.28743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The White-naped Brushfinch (Atlapetesalbinucha) comprises up to eight allopatric subspecies mainly identified by the color of the underparts (gray vs. yellow belly). Yellow and gray bellied forms were long considered two different species (A.albinucha and A.gutturalis), but they are presently considered as one polytypic species. Previous studies in the genus Atlapetes have shown that the phylogeny, based on molecular data, is not congruent with characters such as coloration, ecology, or distributional patterns. The phylogeography of A.albinucha was analyzed using two mitochondrial DNA regions from samples including 24 different localities throughout montane areas from eastern Mexico to Colombia. Phylogeographic analyses using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and haplotype network revealed incomplete geographic structure. The genetic diversity pattern is congruent with a recent process of expansion, which is also supported by Ecological Niche Models (ENM) constructed for the species and projected into three past scenarios. Overall, the results revealed an incomplete genetic divergence among populations of A.albinucha in spite of the species’ ample range, which contrasts with previous results of phylogeographic patterns in other Neotropical montane forest bird species, suggesting idiosyncratic evolutionary histories for different taxa throughout the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rocha-Méndez
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-399, México City 04510, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City Mexico
| | - Luis A Sánchez-González
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-399, México City 04510, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City Mexico
| | - Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés
- Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27 Calle 9. Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Adolfo G Navarro-Sigüenza
- Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-399, México City 04510, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City Mexico
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7
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Maguilla E, Escudero M, Hipp AL, Luceño M. Allopatric speciation despite historical gene flow: Divergence and hybridization in Carex furva and C. lucennoiberica (Cyperaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear RAD-seq data. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5646-5662. [PMID: 28742230 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene flow among incipient species can act as a creative or destructive force in the speciation process, generating variation on which natural selection can act while, potentially, undermining population divergence. The flowering plant genus Carex exhibits a rapid and relatively recent radiation with many species limits still unclear. This is the case with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)-endemic C. lucennoiberica, which lay unrecognized within Carex furva until its recent description as a new species. In this study, we test how these species were impacted by interspecific gene flow during speciation. We sampled the full range of distribution of C. furva (15 individuals sampled) and C. lucennoiberica (88 individuals), sequenced two cpDNA regions (atpI-atpH, psbA-trnH) and performed genomic sequencing of 45,100 SNPs using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). We utilized a set of partitioned D-statistic tests and demographic analyses to study the degree and direction of introgression. Additionally, we modelled species distributions to reconstruct changes in range distribution during glacial and interglacial periods. Plastid, nuclear and morphological data strongly support divergence between species with subsequent gene flow. Combined with species distribution modelling, these data support a scenario of allopatry leading to species divergence, followed by secondary contact and gene flow due to long-distance dispersal and/or range expansions and contractions in response to Quaternary glacial cycles. We conclude that this is a case of allopatric speciation despite historical secondary contacts, which could have temporally influenced the speciation process, contributing to the knowledge of forces that are driving or counteracting speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA.,Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Casazza G, Grassi F, Zecca G, Minuto L. Phylogeographic Insights into a Peripheral Refugium: The Importance of Cumulative Effect of Glaciation on the Genetic Structure of Two Endemic Plants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166983. [PMID: 27870888 PMCID: PMC5117763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary glaciations and mostly last glacial maximum have shaped the contemporary distribution of many species in the Alps. However, in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps a more complex picture is suggested by the presence of many Tertiary paleoendemisms and by the divergence time between lineages in one endemic species predating the Late Pleistocene glaciation. The low number of endemic species studied limits the understanding of the processes that took place within this region. We used species distribution models and phylogeographical methods to infer glacial refugia and to reconstruct the phylogeographical pattern of Silene cordifolia All. and Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris. The predicted suitable area for last glacial maximum roughly fitted current known distribution. Our results suggest that separation of the major clades predates the last glacial maximum and the following repeated glacial and interglacial periods probably drove differentiations. The complex phylogeographical pattern observed in the study species suggests that both populations and genotypes extinction was minimal during the last glacial maximum, probably due to the low impact of glaciations and to topographic complexity in this area. This study underlines the importance of cumulative effect of previous glacial cycles in shaping the genetic structure of plant species in Maritime and Ligurian Alps, as expected for a Mediterranean mountain region more than for an Alpine region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Casazza
- DISTAV, Università degli studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrizio Grassi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zecca
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Minuto
- DISTAV, Università degli studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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9
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Rešetnik I, Baričevič D, Batîr Rusu D, Carović-Stanko K, Chatzopoulou P, Dajić-Stevanović Z, Gonceariuc M, Grdiša M, Greguraš D, Ibraliu A, Jug-Dujaković M, Krasniqi E, Liber Z, Murtić S, Pećanac D, Radosavljević I, Stefkov G, Stešević D, Šoštarić I, Šatović Z. Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of Wild and Cultivated/Naturalised Plant Populations: Evidence from Dalmatian Sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159545. [PMID: 27441834 PMCID: PMC4956250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is a well-known aromatic and medicinal Mediterranean plant that is native in coastal regions of the western Balkan and southern Apennine Peninsulas and is commonly cultivated worldwide. It is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Knowledge of its genetic diversity and spatiotemporal patterns is important for plant breeding programmes and conservation. We used eight microsatellite markers to investigate evolutionary history of indigenous populations as well as genetic diversity and structure within and among indigenous and cultivated/naturalised populations distributed across the Balkan Peninsula. The results showed a clear separation between the indigenous and cultivated/naturalised groups, with the cultivated material originating from one restricted geographical area. Most of the genetic diversity in both groups was attributable to differences among individuals within populations, although spatial genetic analysis of indigenous populations indicated the existence of isolation by distance. Geographical structuring of indigenous populations was found using clustering analysis, with three sub-clusters of indigenous populations. The highest level of gene diversity and the greatest number of private alleles were found in the central part of the eastern Adriatic coast, while decreases in gene diversity and number of private alleles were evident towards the northwestern Adriatic coast and southern and eastern regions of the Balkan Peninsula. The results of Ecological Niche Modelling during Last Glacial Maximum and Approximate Bayesian Computation suggested two plausible evolutionary trajectories: 1) the species survived in the glacial refugium in southern Adriatic coastal region with subsequent colonization events towards northern, eastern and southern Balkan Peninsula; 2) species survived in several refugia exhibiting concurrent divergence into three genetic groups. The insight into genetic diversity and structure also provide the baseline data for conservation of S. officinalis genetic resources valuable for future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rešetnik
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dea Baričevič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Gonceariuc
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Chişinău, Moldova
| | - Martina Grdiša
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alban Ibraliu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Elez Krasniqi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Pristina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Zlatko Liber
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senad Murtić
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Pećanac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Gjoshe Stefkov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Danijela Stešević
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ivan Šoštarić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zlatko Šatović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Fernández-Mazuecos M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Martín-Bravo S, Buide ML, Álvarez I, Vargas P. Narrow endemics on coastal plains: Miocene divergence of the critically endangered genus Avellara (Compositae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:729-38. [PMID: 27039878 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Critically endangered species representing ancient, evolutionarily isolated lineages must be given priority when allocating resources for conservation projects. Sound phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimations are required to detect them, and studies on their population genetics, ecological requirements and breeding system are needed to understand their evolutionary history and to design efficient conservation strategies. Here we present the paradigmatic case of Avellara, a critically endangered monotypic genus of Compositae inhabiting a few swamps in the west-southwest Iberian coastal plains. Our phylogenetic and dating analyses based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK) DNA sequences support a Miocene (>8.6 Ma) divergence between Avellara and closely related genera, resulting in marked morphological and ecological differentiation. We found alarmingly low levels of genetic diversity, based on AFLPs and plastid DNA sequences, and confirmed the prevalence of clonal reproduction. Species distribution modelling suggested a large macroclimatically suitable area for Avellara in the western Iberian Peninsula, but its apparently narrow microecological requirements restrict its distribution to peatlands with low-mineralised waters. Although five populations have been recorded from Spain and Portugal in the past, its current distribution may be reduced to only one population, recurrently found in the last decade but threatened by herbivory and habitat degradation. All this confirms the consideration of Avellara as a threatened species with high phylogenetic singularity, and makes it a flagship species for plant conservation in both Spain and Portugal that should be given priority in the design of in situ and ex situ conservation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Mazuecos
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Jiménez-Mejías
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - S Martín-Bravo
- Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M L Buide
- Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Álvarez
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Wachter GA, Papadopoulou A, Muster C, Arthofer W, Knowles LL, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC. Glacial refugia, recolonization patterns and diversification forces in Alpine-endemicMegabunusharvestmen. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2904-19. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor A. Wachter
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 USA
- Department of Integrative Ecology; Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC); 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Christoph Muster
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Straße 11/12 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 USA
| | - Florian M. Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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12
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Mandák B, Vít P, Krak K, Trávníček P, Havrdová A, Hadincová V, Zákravský P, Jarolímová V, Bacles CFE, Douda J. Flow cytometry, microsatellites and niche models reveal the origins and geographical structure of Alnus glutinosa populations in Europe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:107-20. [PMID: 26467247 PMCID: PMC4701152 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyploidy in plants has been studied extensively. In many groups, two or more cytotypes represent separate biological entities with distinct distributions, histories and ecology. This study examines the distribution and origins of cytotypes of Alnus glutinosa in Europe, North Africa and western Asia. METHODS A combined approach was used involving flow cytometry and microsatellite analysis of 12 loci in 2200 plants from 209 populations combined with species distribution modelling using MIROC and CCSM climatic models, in order to analyse (1) ploidy and genetic variation, (2) the origin of tetraploid A. glutinosa, considering A. incana as a putative parent, and (3) past distributions of the species. KEY RESULTS The occurrence of tetraploid populations of A. glutinosa in Europe is determined for the first time. The distribution of tetraploids is far from random, forming two geographically well-delimited clusters located in the Iberian Peninsula and the Dinaric Alps. Based on microsatellite analysis, both tetraploid clusters are probably of autopolyploid origin, with no indication that A. incana was involved in their evolutionary history. A projection of the MIROC distribution model into the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) showed that (1) populations occurring in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa were probably interconnected during the LGM and (2) populations occurring in the Dinaric Alps did not exist throughout the last glacial periods, having retreated southwards into lowland areas of the Balkan Peninsula. CONCLUSIONS Newly discovered tetraploid populations are situated in the putative main glacial refugia, and neither of them was likely to have been involved in the colonization of central and northern Europe after glacial withdrawal. This could mean that neither the Iberian Peninsula nor the western part of the Balkan Peninsula served as effective refugial areas for northward post-glacial expansion of A. glutinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Mandák
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Vít
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Krak
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic and
| | - Alena Havrdová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Věroslava Hadincová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zákravský
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Jarolímová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Cecile Fanny Emilie Bacles
- University of Pau and Pays Adour, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Departement de Biologie, F-64100 Pau, France
| | - Jan Douda
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
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13
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Gutiérrez EE, Maldonado JE, Radosavljevic A, Molinari J, Patterson BD, Martínez-C. JM, Rutter AR, Hawkins MTR, Garcia FJ, Helgen KM. The Taxonomic Status of Mazama bricenii and the Significance of the Táchira Depression for Mammalian Endemism in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129113. [PMID: 26121688 PMCID: PMC4488270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the taxonomy and biogeography of Mazama bricenii, a brocket deer classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, drawing on qualitative and quantitative morphology and sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. We used Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) to evaluate the hypothesis that M. bricenii of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (CM) might have become isolated from populations of its putative sister species, Mazama rufina, in the Colombian Cordillera Oriental (CO). This hypothesis assumes that warm, dry climatic conditions in the Táchira Depression were unsuitable for the species. Our analyses did not reveal morphological differences between specimens geographically attributable to M. bricenii and M. rufina, and phylogenetic analyses of molecular data recovered M. bricenii nested within the diversity of M. rufina. These results indicate that M. bricenii should be regarded as a junior synonym of M. rufina. ENM analyses revealed the existence of suitable climatic conditions for M. rufina in the Táchira Depression during the last glacial maximum and even at present, suggesting that gene flow between populations in the CO and CM may have occurred until at least the beginning of the current interglacial period and may continue today. Because this pattern might characterize other mammals currently considered endemic to the CM, we examined which of these species match two criteria that we propose herein to estimate if they can be regarded as endemic to the CM with confidence: (1) that morphological or molecular evidence exists indicating that the putative endemic taxon is distinctive from congeneric populations in the CO; and (2) that the putative endemic taxon is restricted to either cloud forest or páramo, or both. Only Aepeomys reigi, Cryptotis meridensis, and Nasuella meridensis matched both criteria; hence, additional research is necessary to assess the true taxonomic status and distribution of the remaining species thought to be CM endemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliécer E. Gutiérrez
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jesús E. Maldonado
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Aleksandar Radosavljevic
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jesús Molinari
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Martínez-C.
- Instituto de Biología, Grupo Mastozoología & Colección Teriológica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Amy R. Rutter
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melissa T. R. Hawkins
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Franger J. Garcia
- Laboratorio Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
| | - Kristofer M. Helgen
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
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14
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Ornelas JF, González C. Interglacial genetic diversification of Moussonia deppeana (Gesneriaceae), a hummingbird-pollinated, cloud forest shrub in northern Mesoamerica. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4119-36. [PMID: 24954419 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent empirical work on cloud forest-adapted species supports the role of both old divergences across major geographical areas and more recent divergences attributed to Pleistocene climate changes. The shrub Moussonia deppeana is distributed in northern Mesoamerica, with geographically disjunct populations. Based on sampling throughout the species range and employing plastid and nuclear markers, we (i) test whether the fragmented distribution is correlated with main evolutionary lineages, (ii) reconstruct its phylogeographical history to infer the history of cloud forest in northern Mesoamerica and (iii) evaluate a set of refugia/vicariance scenarios for the region and demographic patterns of the populations whose ranges expanded and tracked cloud forest conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum. We found a deep evolutionary split in M. deppeana about 6-3 Ma, which could be consistent with a Pliocene divergence. Comparison of variation in plastid and nuclear markers revealed several lineages mostly congruent with their isolated geographical distribution and restricted gene flow among groups. Results of species distribution modelling and coalescent simulations fit a model of multiple refugia diverging during interglacial cycles. The demographic history of M. deppeana is not consistent with an expanding-contracting cloud forest archipelago model during the Last Glacial Maximum. Instead, our data suggest that populations persisted across the geographical range throughout the glacial cycles, and experienced isolation and divergence during interglacial periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología AC, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México
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15
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Liberal IM, Burrus M, Suchet C, Thébaud C, Vargas P. The evolutionary history of Antirrhinum in the Pyrenees inferred from phylogeographic analyses. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:146. [PMID: 24970688 PMCID: PMC4099501 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin and colonisation history after the Quaternary ice ages remain largely unresolved for many plant lineages, mainly owing to a lack of fine-scale studies. Here, we present a molecular phylogeny and a phylogeographic analysis of Antirrhinum, an important model system in plant biology, in the Pyrenees range. Our goal was to reconstruct the evolutionary and colonisation history of four taxa endemic to this region (A. majus subsp. majus, A. majus. subsp. striatum, A. molle, and A. sempervirens) by using a dense sampling strategy, with a total of 452 individuals from 99 populations whose collective distribution spans nearly the entirety of the Pyrenees and adjacent mountains. RESULTS Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of the sequences of two plastid (trnS-trnG and trnK-matK) regions revealed the following: (i) historical relationship between the Pyrenees and Iberia (but not with the Alps); (ii) the long persistence of populations in the Pyrenees, at least since the Late Pleistocene; (iii) three different colonisation histories for populations from the Western, Central, and Eastern Pyrenees; (iv) the deep phylogeographic separation of the eastern and western populations; and (v) the colonisation of southern France from the Eastern Pyrenees. CONCLUSIONS The present study underlines the enormous influence of the glacial history of the mountain ranges on the current configuration of intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity in Antirrhinum, as well as the importance of periglacial areas for the survival of species during glacial periods of the Quaternary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Liberal
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid E-28014, Spain
| | - Monique Burrus
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS - Université de Toulouse (UPS)- ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, Cedex 9 31062, France
| | - Claire Suchet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS - Université de Toulouse (UPS)- ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, Cedex 9 31062, France
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS - Université de Toulouse (UPS)- ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, Cedex 9 31062, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid E-28014, Spain
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16
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Salas-Leiva DE, Meerow AW, Francisco-Ortega J, Calonje M, Griffith MP, Stevenson DW, Nakamura K. Conserved genetic regions across angiosperms as tools to develop single-copy nuclear markers in gymnosperms: an example using cycads. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:831-45. [PMID: 24444413 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several individuals of the Caribbean Zamia clade and other cycad genera were used to identify single-copy nuclear genes for phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies in Cycadales. Two strategies were employed to select target loci: (i) a tblastX search of Arabidopsis conserved ortholog sequence (COS) set and (ii) a tblastX search of Arabidopsis-Populus-Vitis-Oryza Shared Single-Copy genes (APVO SSC) against the EST Zamia databases in GenBank. From the first strategy, 30 loci were selected, and from the second, 16 loci. In both cases, the matching GenBank accessions of Zamia were used as a query for retrieving highly similar sequences from Cycas, Picea, Pinus species or Ginkgo biloba. After retrieving and aligning all the sequences in each locus, intron predictions were completed to assist in primer design. PCR was carried out in three rounds to detect paralogous loci. A total of 29 loci were successfully amplified as a single band of which 20 were likely single-copy loci. These loci showed different diversity and divergence levels. A preliminary screening allowed us to select 8 promising loci (40S, ATG2, BG, GroES, GTP, LiSH, PEX4 and TR) for the Zamia pumila complex and 4 loci (COS26, GroES, GTP and HTS) for all other cycad genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana E Salas-Leiva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL, 33158, USA; Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
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17
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Fernández-Mazuecos M, Blanco-Pastor JL, Gómez JM, Vargas P. Corolla morphology influences diversification rates in bifid toadflaxes (Linaria sect. Versicolores). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1705-22. [PMID: 24142920 PMCID: PMC3838546 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of flower specialization in plant speciation and evolution remains controversial. In this study the evolution of flower traits restricting access to pollinators was analysed in the bifid toadflaxes (Linaria sect. Versicolores), a monophyletic group of ~30 species and subspecies with highly specialized corollas. METHODS A time-calibrated phylogeny based on both nuclear and plastid DNA sequences was obtained using a coalescent-based method, and flower morphology was characterized by means of morphometric analyses. Directional trends in flower shape evolution and trait-dependent diversification rates were jointly analysed using recently developed methods, and morphological shifts were reconstructed along the phylogeny. Pollinator surveys were conducted for a representative sample of species. KEY RESULTS A restrictive character state (narrow corolla tube) was reconstructed in the most recent common ancestor of Linaria sect. Versicolores. After its early loss in the most species-rich clade, this character state has been convergently reacquired in multiple lineages of this clade in recent times, yet it seems to have exerted a negative influence on diversification rates. Comparative analyses and pollinator surveys suggest that the narrow- and broad-tubed flowers are evolutionary optima representing divergent strategies of pollen placement on nectar-feeding insects. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that different forms of floral specialization can lead to dissimilar evolutionary success in terms of diversification. It is additionally suggested that opposing individual-level and species-level selection pressures may have driven the evolution of pollinator-restrictive traits in bifid toadflaxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - José Luis Blanco-Pastor
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Blanco-Pastor JL, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Vargas P. Past and future demographic dynamics of alpine species: limited genetic consequences despite dramatic range contraction in a plant from the Spanish Sierra Nevada. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4177-4195. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
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