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Huang L, Xu Y, Valcárcel V, Lutz S, Wen J, Ren Z. Three complete chloroplast genomes from two north American Rhus species and phylogenomics of Anacardiaceae. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38491489 PMCID: PMC10943888 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suamc genus Rhus (sensu stricto) includes two subgenera, Lobadium (ca. 25 spp.) and Rhus (ca. 10 spp.). Their members, R. glabra and R. typhina (Rosanae: Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), are two economic important species. Chloroplast genome information is of great significance for the study of plant phylogeny and taxonomy. RESULTS The three complete chloroplast genomes from two Rhus glabra and one R. typhina accessions were obtained with a total of each about 159k bp in length including a large single-copy region (LSC, about 88k bp), a small single-copy regions (SSC, about 19k bp) and a pair of inverted repeats regions (IRa/IRb, about 26k bp), to form a canonical quadripartite structure. Each genome contained 88 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes and two pseudogenes. The overall GC content of the three genomes all were same (37.8%), and RSCU values showed that they all had the same codon prefers, i.e., to use codon ended with A/U (93%) except termination codon. Three variable hotspots, i.e., ycf4-cemA, ndhF-rpl32-trnL and ccsA-ndhD, and a total of 152-156 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were identified. The nonsynonymous (Ka)/synonymous (Ks) ratio was calculated, and cemA and ycf2 genes are important indicators of gene evolution. The phylogenetic analyses of the family Anacardiaceae showed that the eight genera were grouped into three clusters, and supported the monophyly of the subfamilies and all the genera. The accessions of five Rhus species formed four clusters, while, one individual of R. typhina grouped with the R. glabra accessions instead of clustering into the two other individuals of R. typhina in the subgenus Rhus, which showed a paraphyletic relationship. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the complete chloroplast genomes of the Rhus species, it was found that most SSRs were A/T rich and located in the intergenic spacer, and the nucleotide divergence exhibited higher levels in the non-coding region than in the coding region. The Ka/Ks ratio of cemA gene was > 1 for species collected in America, while it was < 1 for other species in China, which dedicated that the Rhus species from North America and East Asia have different evolutionary pressure. The phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome clarified the Rhus placement and relationship. The results obtained in this study are expected to provide valuable genetic resources to perform species identification, molecular breeding, and intraspecific diversity of the Rhus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Geosciences, Qinghai Normal University, 810008, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidady Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sue Lutz
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 20013, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 20013, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Zhumei Ren
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Coca-de-la-Iglesia M, Gallego-Narbón A, Alonso A, Valcárcel V. High rate of species misidentification reduces the taxonomic certainty of European biodiversity databases of ivies (Hedera L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:4876. [PMID: 38418501 PMCID: PMC10902322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The digitization of natural history specimens and the popularization of citizen science are creating an unprecedented availability of large amounts of biodiversity data. These biodiversity inventories can be severely affected by species misidentification, a source of taxonomic uncertainty that is rarely acknowledged in biodiversity data management. For these reasons, taxonomists debate the use of online repositories to address biological questions at the species level. Hedera L. (ivies) provides an excellent case study as it is well represented in both herbaria and online repositories with thousands of records likely to be affected by high taxonomic uncertainty. We analyze the sources and extent of taxonomic errors in the identification of the European ivy species by reviewing herbarium specimens and find a high misidentification rate (18% on average), which varies between species (maximized in H. hibernica: 55%; H. azorica: 48%; H. iberica: 36%) and regions (maximized in the UK: 38% and Spain: 27%). We find a systematic misidentification of all European ivies with H. helix behind the high misidentification rates in herbaria and warn of even higher rates in online records. We compile a spatial database to overcome the large discrepancies we observed in species distributions between online and morphologically reviewed records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Coca-de-la-Iglesia
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- TRAGSATEC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Alonso
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Coca-De-La-Iglesia M, Valcárcel V, Medina NG. A Protocol to Retrieve and Curate Spatial and Climatic Data from Online Biodiversity Databases Using R. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4847. [PMID: 37900105 PMCID: PMC10603197 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary studies often require high quality biodiversity data. This information is readily available through the many online databases that have compiled biodiversity data from herbaria, museums, and human observations. However, the process of preparing this information for analysis is complex and time consuming. In this study, we have developed a protocol in R language to process spatial data (download, merge, clean, and correct) and extract climatic data, using some genera of the ginseng family (Araliaceae) as an example. The protocol provides an automated way to process spatial and climatic data for numerous taxa independently and from multiple online databases. The script uses GBIF, BIEN, and WorldClim as the online data sources, but can be easily adapted to include other online databases. The script also uses genera as the sampling unit but provides a way to use species as the target. The cleaning process includes a filter to remove occurrences outside the natural range of the taxa, gardens, and other human environments, as well as erroneous locations and a spatial correction for misplaced occurrences (i.e., occurrences within a distance buffer from the coastal boundary). Additionally, each step of the protocol can be run independently. Thus, the protocol can begin with data cleaning, if the database has already been compiled, or with climatic data extraction, if the database has already been parsed. Each line of the R script is commented so that it can also be run by users with little knowledge of R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Coca-De-La-Iglesia
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- TRAGSATEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Coca‐de‐la‐Iglesia M, Medina NG, Wen J, Valcárcel V. Evaluation of tropical-temperate transitions: An example of climatic characterization in the Asian Palmate group of Araliaceae. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1488-1507. [PMID: 36039662 PMCID: PMC9826302 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE There has been a great increase in using climatic data in phylogenetic studies over the past decades. However, compiling the high-quality spatial data needed to perform accurate climatic reconstructions is time-consuming and can result in poor geographical coverage. Therefore, researchers often resort to qualitative approximations. Our aim was to evaluate the climatic characterization of the genera of the Asian Palmate Group (AsPG) of Araliaceae as an exemplar lineage of plants showing tropical-temperate transitions. METHODS We compiled a curated worldwide spatial database of the AsPG genera and created five raster layers representing bioclimatic regionalizations of the world. Then, we crossed the database with the layers to climatically characterize the AsPG genera. RESULTS We found large disagreement in the climatic characterization of genera among regionalizations and little support for the climatic nature of the tropical-temperate distribution of the AsPG. Both results are attributed to the complexity of delimiting tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates in the world and to the distribution of the study group in regions with transitional climatic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The complexity in the climatic classification of this example of the tropical-temperate transitions calls for a general climatic revision of other tropical-temperate lineages. In fact, we argue that, to properly evaluate tropical-temperate transitions across the tree of life, we cannot ignore the complexity of distribution ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany/MRC 166Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUSA
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid28049Spain
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Alonso A, Gallego-Narbón A, Coca-de-la-Iglesia M, Monjas D, Medina NG, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Valcárcel V. Climatic niche pre-adaptation facilitated island colonization followed by budding speciation in the Madeiran ivy ( Hedera maderensis, Araliaceae). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:935975. [PMID: 35958224 PMCID: PMC9358290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The path followed by species in the colonization of remote oceanic islands ultimately depends on their phylogenetic constraints and ecological responses. In this study, we aim to evaluate the relative role of geographical and ecological forces in the origin and evolution of the Madeiran ivy (Hedera maderensis), a single-species endemic belonging to the western polyploid clade of Hedera. To determine the phylogenetic placement of H. maderensis within the western polyploid clade, we analyzed 40 populations (92 individuals) using genotyping-by-sequencing and including Hedera helix as outgroup. Climatic niche differences among the study species were evaluated using a database with 867 records representing the entire species ranges. To test species responses to climate, 13 vegetative and reproductive functional traits were examined for 70 populations (335 individuals). Phylogenomic results revealed a nested pattern with H. maderensis embedded within the south-western Iberian H. iberica. Gradual niche differentiation from the coldest and most continental populations of H. iberica to the warm and stable coastal population sister to H. maderensis parallels the geographical pattern observed in the phylogeny. Similarity in functional traits is observed for H. maderensis and H. iberica. The two species show leaves with higher specific leaf area (SLA), lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and thickness and fruits with lower pulp fraction than the other western polyploid species H. hibernica. Acquisition of a Macaronesian climatic niche and the associated functional syndrome in mainland European ivies (leaves with high SLA, and low LDMC and thickness, and fruits with less pulp content) was a key step in the colonization of Madeira by the H. iberica/H. maderensis lineage, which points to climatic pre-adaptation as key in the success of island colonization (dispersal and establishment). Once in Madeira, budding speciation was driven by geographical isolation, while ecological processes are regarded as secondary forces with a putative impact in the lack of further in situ diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alonso
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Monjas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC–UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Otero A, Vargas P, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Valcárcel V, Villa-Machío I, Hipp AL. A snapshot of progenitor-derivative speciation in Iberodes (Boraginaceae). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3192-3209. [PMID: 35390211 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional classification of speciation modes has focused on physical barriers to gene flow. Allopatric speciation with complete reproductive isolation is viewed as the most common mechanism of speciation. Parapatry and sympatry, by contrast, entail speciation in the face of ongoing gene flow, making them more difficult to detect. The genus Iberodes (Boraginaceae, NW Europe) comprises five species with contrasting morphological traits, habitats, and species distributions. Based on the predominance of narrow and geographically distant endemic species, we hypothesized that geographic barriers were responsible for most speciation events in Iberodes. We undertook an integrative study including: (i) phylogenomics through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, (ii) genetic structure analyses, (iii) demographic modeling, (iv) morphometrics, and (v) climatic niche modeling and niche overlap analysis. Results revealed a history of recurrent progenitor-derivative speciation manifested by a paraphyletic pattern of nested species differentiation. Budding speciation mediated by ecological differentiation is suggested for the coastal lineage, deriving from the inland widespread I. linifolia during Late Pliocene. Meanwhile, geographic isolation followed by niche shifts are suggested for the more recent differentiation of the coastland taxa. Our work provides a model for distinguishing speciation via ecological differentiation of peripheral, narrowly endemic I. kuzinskyanae and I. littoralis from a widespread extant ancestor, I. linifolia. Ultimately, our results illustrate a case of Pliocene speciation in the probable absence of geographic barriers and get away from the traditional cladistic perspective of speciation as producing two species from an extinct ancestor, thus reminding us that phylogenetic trees tell only part of the story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Otero
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Villa-Machío
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, 60532, Lisle, Illinois, USA
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Gao MZ, Dong YH, Valcárcel V, Ren ZM, Li YL. Complete chloroplast genome of the grain Chenopodium quinoa Willd., an important economical and dietary plant. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:40-42. [PMID: 33521261 PMCID: PMC7801064 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1845107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The grain Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is the main traditional food of Inca aboriginal, which was a native grain in South American Andes Mountains, the edible and cultivation history of which has been more than five thousand years. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of C. quinoa on the Illumina platform by shotgun genome skimming method. The complete chloroplast genome of C. quinoa was 152,087 bp in length with the GC content 37.2%, which was comprised of a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,570 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,107 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRA/IRB) of 25,205 bp. The chloroplast genome encoded 133 genes including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method strongly supported the monophyly of each genus in the family Chenopodiaceae, and the genus Chenopodium is sister to Spinacia as a cluster, which closely grouped to Dysphania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ze Gao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Hui Dong
- College of Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Department of Biology (Botany), Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhu-Mei Ren
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, China
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Otero A, Jiménez-Mejías P, Valcárcel V, Vargas P. Being in the right place at the right time? Parallel diversification bursts favored by the persistence of ancient epizoochorous traits and hidden factors in Cynoglossoideae. Am J Bot 2019; 106:438-452. [PMID: 30861101 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Long-distance dispersal (LDD) syndromes, especially endozoochory, facilitate plant colonization of new territories that trigger diversification. However, few studies have analyzed how epizoochorous fruits influence both range distribution and diversification rates. We examined the evolutionary history of a hyperdiverse clade of Boraginaceae (subfamily Cynoglossoideae, eight tribes, ~60 genera, ~1100 species) and the evolution of fruit traits. We evaluated the evolutionary history of diaspore syndromes correlated with geographic distribution and diversification rates over time. METHODS Plastid DNA regions and morphological traits associated with dispersal syndromes were analyzed for 71 genera (226 species). We employed trait-dependent diversification analysis (HiSSE) and biogeographic reconstruction (Lagrange) using a time-calibrated phylogeny. KEY RESULTS Our results indicate that (1) the earliest divergence events in Cynoglossoideae occurred in the central-northeastern Palearctic during the Paleogene (early to middle Eocene); (2) an epizoochorous trait (specialized hooks named glochids) is ancestral and has been maintained long term; and (3) glochids are correlated with increased diversification rates in two distantly related clades (Rochelieae and Cynoglossinae). Rapid speciation occurred for these two groups in the same area (central-eastern Palearctic) and same period (Oligocene-Miocene: Rochelieae, 30.82-13.69 mya; Cynoglossinae, 33.10-15.21 mya). Lower diversification rates were inferred for the remaining four glochid-bearing clades. CONCLUSIONS One more example of "biogeographic congruence" in angiosperms is supported by a shared geographic (central-northeastern Palearctic) and temporal (28.60-21.59 mya, late Oligocene) opportunity window for two main clades' diversification. Epizoochorous traits (fruit glochids) had an effect in higher diversification rates only with the joint effect of other unmeasured factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Otero
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC. Pza. de Murillo, 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC. Pza. de Murillo, 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
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Escudero M, Balao F, Martín-Bravo S, Valente L, Valcárcel V. Is the diversification of Mediterranean Basin plant lineages coupled to karyotypic changes? Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:166-175. [PMID: 28295874 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin region, home to 25,000 plant species, is included in the worldwide list of hotspots of biodiversity. Despite the indisputably important role of chromosome transitions in plant evolution and diversification, no reference study to date has dealt with the possible relationship between chromosome evolution and lineage diversification in the Mediterranean Basin. Here we study patterns of diversification, patterns of chromosome number transition (either polyploidy or dysploidy) and the relationship between the two for 14 Mediterranean Basin angiosperm lineages using previously published phylogenies. We found a mixed pattern, with half of the lineages displaying a change in chromosome transition rates after the onset of the Mediterranean climate (six increases, one decrease) and the other half (six) experiencing constant rates of chromosome transitions through time. We have also found a heterogeneous pattern regarding diversification rates, with lineages exhibiting moderate (five phylogenies) or low (six) initial diversification rates that either increased (six) or declined (five) through time. Our results reveal no clear link between diversification rates and chromosome number transition rates. By promoting the formation of new habitats and driving the extinction of many species, the Mediterranean onset and the posterior Quaternary climatic oscillations could have been key for the establishment of new chromosomal variants in some plant phylogenies but not in others. While the biodiversity of the Mediterranean Basin may be partly influenced by the chromosomal diversity of its lineages, this study concludes that lineage diversification in the region is largely decoupled from karyotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Escudero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - F Balao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - S Martín-Bravo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - L Valente
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Valcárcel
- Department of Biology (Botany), Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Valcárcel V, Guzmán B, Medina NG, Vargas P, Wen J. Phylogenetic and paleobotanical evidence for late Miocene diversification of the Tertiary subtropical lineage of ivies (Hedera L., Araliaceae). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:146. [PMID: 28641575 PMCID: PMC5480257 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedera (ivies) is one of the few temperate genera of the primarily tropical Asian Palmate group of the Araliaceae, which extends its range out of Asia to Europe and the Mediterranean basin. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic results suggested Asia as the center of origin and the western Mediterranean region as one of the secondary centers of diversification. The bird-dispersed fleshy fruits of ivies suggest frequent dispersal over long distances (e.g. Macaronesian archipelagos), although reducing the impact of geographic barriers to gene flow in mainland species. Genetic isolation associated with geographic barriers and independent polyploidization events have been postulated as the main driving forces of diversification. In this study we aim to evaluate past and present diversification patterns in Hedera within a geographic and temporal framework to clarify the biogeographic history of the genus. RESULTS Phylogenetic (biogeographic, time divergence and diversification) and phylogeographic (coalescence) analyses using four DNA regions (nrITS, trnH-psbA, trnT-trnL, rpl32) revealed a complex spatial pattern of lineage divergence. Scarce geographic limitation to gene flow and limited diversification are observed during the early-mid Miocene, followed by a diversification rate increase related to geographic divergence from the Tortonian/Messinian. Genetic and palaeobotanical evidence points the origin of the Hedera clade in Asia, followed by a gradual E-W Asian extinction and the progressive E-W Mediterranean colonization. The temporal framework for the E Asia - W Mediterranean westward colonization herein reported is congruent with the fossil record. Subsequent range expansion in Europe and back colonization to Asia is also inferred. Uneven diversification among geographic areas occurred from the Tortonian/Messinian onwards with limited diversification in the newly colonized European and Asian regions. Eastern and western Mediterranean regions acted as refugia for Miocene and post-Miocene lineages, with a similar role as consecutive centers of centrifugal dispersal (including islands) and speciation. CONCLUSIONS The Miocene Asian extinction and European survival of Hedera question the general pattern of Tertiary regional extinction of temperate angiosperms in Europe while they survived in Asia. The Tortonian/Messinian diversification increase of ivies in the Mediterranean challenges the idea that this aridity period was responsible for the extinction of the Mediterranean subtropical Tertiary flora. Differential responses of Hedera to geographic barriers throughout its evolutionary history, linked to spatial isolation related to historical geologic and climatic constraints may have shaped diversification of ivies in concert with recurrent polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valcárcel
- Department of Biology (Botany), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Guzmán
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - N G Medina
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - P Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Wen
- Department of Botany/MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Martín-Hernanz S, G Fernández de Castro A, Moreno-Saiz JC, Valcárcel V. Correction: Pre-Holocene Origin for the Coronopus navasii Disjunction: Conservation Implications from Its Long Isolation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173840. [PMID: 28273156 PMCID: PMC5342270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Escudero M, Martín-Bravo S, Mayrose I, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Fiz-Palacios O, Hipp AL, Pimentel M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Valcárcel V, Vargas P, Luceño M. Karyotypic changes through dysploidy persist longer over evolutionary time than polyploid changes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85266. [PMID: 24416374 PMCID: PMC3887030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome evolution has been demonstrated to have profound effects on diversification rates and speciation in angiosperms. While polyploidy has predated some major radiations in plants, it has also been related to decreased diversification rates. There has been comparatively little attention to the evolutionary role of gains and losses of single chromosomes, which may or not entail changes in the DNA content (then called aneuploidy or dysploidy, respectively). In this study we investigate the role of chromosome number transitions and of possible associated genome size changes in angiosperm evolution. We model the tempo and mode of chromosome number evolution and its possible correlation with patterns of cladogenesis in 15 angiosperm clades. Inferred polyploid transitions are distributed more frequently towards recent times than single chromosome gains and losses. This is likely because the latter events do not entail changes in DNA content and are probably due to fission or fusion events (dysploidy), as revealed by an analysis of the relationship between genome size and chromosome number. Our results support the general pattern that recently originated polyploids fail to persist, and suggest that dysploidy may have comparatively longer-term persistence than polyploidy. Changes in chromosome number associated with dysploidy were typically observed across the phylogenies based on a chi-square analysis, consistent with these changes being neutral with respect to diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcial Escudero
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- Herbarium, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, United States of America
- Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Santiago Martín-Bravo
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Itay Mayrose
- Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Andrew L. Hipp
- Herbarium, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, United States of America
- Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Manuel Pimentel
- Plant and Animal Biology and Ecology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Vargas
- Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Modesto Luceño
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
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Valcárcel V, Vargas P. Quantitative morphology and species delimitation under the general lineage concept: Optimization for Hedera (Araliaceae). Am J Bot 2010; 97:1555-73. [PMID: 21616907 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The use of continuous morphological characters in taxonomy is traditionally contingent on the existence of discrete diagnostic characters. When plant species are the result of recent divergence and gene flow and/or hybridization occur, the use of continuous morphological characters may help in species identification and delimitation. Between nine and 15 species have been recognized in the last treatments of Hedera. The recent divergence of the species and the involvement of allopolyploidization as the main force in this process may have greatly impeded the establishment of clear limits and contributed to multiple taxonomic proposals. • METHODS A multivariate statistical decision-making procedure was applied to 56 quantitative morphological characters and 602 specimens to identify and delimit Hedera species under the general lineage concept. Species' exclusive genetic ancestry was evaluated with the genealogical sorting index from the Bayesian inference trees of 30 Hedera ITS sequences. • KEY RESULTS The decision-making procedure allowed recognizing 12 species and two groups (stellate and scale-like trichome groups) in Hedera and provided statistical support for making decisions about long-standing taxonomic controversies. Common ancestry was detected for the populations of three species even in the absence of the species monophyly. • CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variation supports discrete variation and provides statistical support for the taxa recognized in some recent proposals of Hedera. The need of explicit analysis of quantitative data are claimed to reduce taxonomic subjectivity and ease decision-making when qualitative data fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Valcárcel
- Pablo de Olavide University, Environmental Science Faculty, Carretera, Utrera km-1, 41013-Sevilla, Spain
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Escudero M, Valcárcel V, Vargas P, Luceño M. Significance of ecological vicariance and long-distance dispersal in the diversification of Carex sect. Spirostachyae (Cyperaceae). Am J Bot 2009; 96:2100-2114. [PMID: 21622329 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant disjunctions have provided one of the most intriguing distribution patterns historically addressed by biogeographers. Carex sect. Spirostachyae (Cyperaceae) displays an interesting pattern of disjunction to evaluate these scenarios, with species occurring in the main continental landmasses and in oceanic islands of the two hemispheres. Internal transcribed spacer and 5'-trnK intron plastid gene sequences were analyzed to determine (1) the times of diversification using penalized likelihood, and (2) reconstructions of the regions using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches of origin of sect. Spirostachyae and internal main lineages. The times for the diversification of sect. Spirostachyae are dated to between the end of the Eocene and the Oligocene, whereas the two main lineages are dated to between the end of the Oligocene and the beginning of Miocene. The phylogenetic analyses reveal a Mediterranean-Eurasian center of differentiation for sect. Spirostachyae and subsection Spirostachyae, whereas no clear, single ancestral area could be inferred for subsection Elatae. Both long-distance dispersal and ecological vicariance appear to have been involved in the evolutionary history of the disjunct distribution of the main lineages of sect. Spirostachyae. These organisms appear to have a special ability to colonize remote areas (through transoceanic and interhemispherical colonizations), but special long-distance dispersal mechanisms are not evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcial Escudero
- Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, CSIC, Pza. Murillo n° 2, 28014-Madrid, Spain
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Escudero M, Vargas P, Valcárcel V, Luceño M. Strait of Gibraltar: an effective gene-flow barrier for wind-pollinated Carex helodes (Cyperaceae) as revealed by DNA sequences, AFLP, and cytogenetic variation. Am J Bot 2008; 95:745-755. [PMID: 21632400 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.2007342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Strait of Gibraltar is the most important barrier disconnecting the landmasses of Europe and Africa on the western Mediterranean extreme. Carex helodes is a wind-pollinated species endemic to the western Mediterranean. Because molecular and cytogenetic data allow the inference of its evolutionary history, we analyzed variations in chromosome number, including meiotic chromosome behavior, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints, and nucleotide substitutions in plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Cytogeographic results showed that the African populations have stabilized at a single chromosome number of 2n = 74, whereas the most frequent cytotype in Iberia is 2n = 72. Phylogenetic reconstructions of 17 sequences from nine closely related species revealed that C. helodes is monophyletic and that the Moroccan populations are embedded in the Iberian lineages. The haplotype network is also consistent with a European origin of the northern African haplotype. AFLP analysis also revealed hierarchical levels of genetic variation compatible with a founder effect process responsible for the African populations. All sources of evidence support the hypothesis that the Strait of Gibraltar has been an effective gene-flow barrier, generating two isolated evolutionary lineages after their dispersal. Recent connections between the two lineages appear unlikely, whereas active gene flow occurs among populations within the two lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcial Escudero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Martín-Bravo S, Meimberg H, Luceño M, Märkl W, Valcárcel V, Bräuchler C, Vargas P, Heubl G. Molecular systematics and biogeography of Resedaceae based on ITS and trnL-F sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 44:1105-20. [PMID: 17300965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Resedaceae, containing 6 genera and ca. 85 species, are widely distributed in the Old World, with a major center of species diversity in the Mediterranean basin. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and plastid trnL-trnF sequences of 66 species from all genera of the Resedaceae reveal (1) monophyly of the family, in congruence with preliminary phylogenetic studies; (2) molecular support for the traditional morphological subdivision of the Resedaceae into three tribes according to ovary and placentation types, and carpel number; (3) two monophyletic genera (Caylusea, Sesamoides), and one natural group (core Reseda), which includes the remaining four genera of the family (Ochradenus, Oligomeris, Randonia, Reseda); (4) a monophyletic origin for four of the six taxonomic sections recognized within Reseda (Leucoreseda, Luteola, Glaucoreseda, Phyteuma). Our results lead us to interpret an increment of the basic chromosome number in the family from x=5 to x=6 in at least two independent instances, and a broad representation of polyploids in multiple lineages across phylogenies, including association between octoploids and alien invasion in many parts of the world. Species diversity, endemism number, phylogenetic relationships and sequence divergence in Resedaceae suggest two major centers of differentiation, one in the western Mediterranean, and the other in the eastern Mediterranean and SW Asia. Two independent colonization events to the Canary Islands from Africa are indicated for the two Canarian Reseda endemics.
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Valcárcel V, Fiz O, Vargas P. Chloroplast and nuclear evidence for multiple origins of polyploids and diploids of Hedera (Araliaceae) in the Mediterranean basin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2003; 27:1-20. [PMID: 12679067 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast (trnT-L) and nuclear rDNA (ITS) sequence analyses of the Araliaceae provide strong molecular evidence for the monophyly of the genus Hedera. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest multiple origins and an active polyploidization process not only in the formation of tetraploids (2n = 96), hexaploids (2n = 144), and octoploids (2n = 192), but also of diploids (2n = 48). A high basic chromosome number of x = 24, extensive polyphyly in widespread diploids, and terminal placement of Hedera in phylogenies of the Araliaceae reveal that extant diploid taxa may be, in fact, assemblages of ancestral polyploids from plants of n = 12. Four major lineages containing four types of chloroplast (chlorotypes I, II, III, and IV), which are defined by different trnT-L nucleotide substitutions and two large insertions (50- and 30-bp), provide evidence for evolutionary processes and historical biogeography in Hedera. We propose a scenario where an initial colonization in the Mediterranean basin by Asian ancestors (carrying the ancestral Araliaceae chlorotype I) is followed by differentiation into the four chlorotypes of the Mediterranean region, and then recolonization of Asia and northern Europe only by chlorotype III. The Macaronesian taxa (Hedera azorica, Hedera maderensis ssp. maderensis, and Hedera canariensis) appear to have originated from a single-colonization event to each archipelago with no further contact either with continental or insular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Valcárcel
- Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, Plaza de Murillo 2, CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
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Fiz O, Valcárcel V, Vargas P. Phylogenetic position of Mediterranean Astereae and character evolution of daisies (Bellis, Asteraceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2002; 25:157-71. [PMID: 12383758 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of nrITS sequences of Asteraceae revealed that the Bellis group is a natural assemblage comprising all the species of Bellis and Bellium, but not Rhynchospermum. In contrast, we propose to include the genera Bellis, Bellium, and Bellidastrum in the subtribe Bellidinae in the interest of circumscribing natural groups. Our results also suggest an early diversification in the western Mediterranean Basin of two monophyletic lineages, Bellis and Bellium. Three major groups can be distinguished within BELLIS: (1) the B. perennis group, containing five annual and perennial species with three ploidy levels (diploid, octoploid, and decaploid), which are distributed throughout the Mediterranean Basin despite lack of pappus; (2) the Bellis sylvestris group, with five annual and perennial species primarily from the western Mediterranean, in which there are five ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octoploid, and decaploid); and (3) a basal grade consisting of three diploid, perennial species which displays remarkable diversification of morphologies. Striking characteristics, such as an annual life form, polyploidy, and loss of pappus, seem to have occurred in parallel several times and in different geographical areas during the early diversification of Bellis species in the western Mediterranean. Character evolution reconstructions allow us to describe a putative ancestor of the genus Bellis (proto-Bellis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Fiz
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
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