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Fang Y, Xiao X, Lin J, Lin Q, Wang J, Liu K, Li Z, Xing J, Liu Z, Wang B, Qi Y, Long X, Zeng X, Hu Y, Qi J, Qin Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ye D, Zhang J, Liu J, Tang C. Pan-genome and phylogenomic analyses highlight Hevea species delineation and rubber trait evolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7232. [PMID: 39174505 PMCID: PMC11341782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the world's sole commercial source of natural rubber, a vital industrial raw material. However, the narrow genetic diversity of this crop poses challenges for rubber breeding. Here, we generate high-quality de novo genome assemblies for three H. brasiliensis cultivars, two H. brasiliensis wild accessions, and three other Hevea species (H. nitida, H. pauciflora, and H. benthamiana). Through analyzing genomes of 94 Hevea accessions, we identify five distinct lineages that do not align with their previous species delineations. We discover multiple accessions with hybrid origins between these lineages, indicating incomplete reproductive isolation between them. Only two out of four wild lineages have been introduced to commercial rubber cultivars. Furthermore, we reveal that the rubber production traits emerged following the development of a large REF/SRPP gene cluster and its functional specialization in rubber-producing laticifers within this genus. These findings would enhance rubber breeding and benefit research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Jishan Lin
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - Kaiye Liu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhenglin Liu
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Baiyu Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBiological Resources and Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiying Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Long
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Yanshi Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - Yunxia Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya/Haikou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - De Ye
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBiological Resources and Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou, China.
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China.
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Hu B, Yang N, Zhou Z, Shi X, Qin Y, Fang Y, Long X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of rubber biosynthesis and laticifer differentiation during rubber seed germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1337451. [PMID: 38328702 PMCID: PMC10847244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1337451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation of natural rubber synthesis and laticifer differentiation have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted a time-series transcriptome analysis of five rubber tree tissues at four stages of seed germination. A total of 161,199 DEGs were identified between the two groups, including most 16,673 DEGs (A3 vs B3 and A3 vs C3) and lest 1,210 DEGs (C2 vs D2). We found that the maturation of the seed is accompanied by the formation of laticifer cells in cotyledon. Meanwhile, the analysis of hormones related genes expression may provide effective clues for us to promote the differentiation of laticifer cells in seeds by hormones in the future. In this study, hormone-related gene enrichment analyses revealed that IAA, GA, and CTK were activated in laticifer containing tissues. Similarly, GO and GEGG analysis showed that hormone pathways, especially the auxin pathway, are enriched. Gene expression clustering was analyzed using the short time-series expression miner (STEM), and the analysis revealed four distinct trends in the gene expression profiles. Moreover, we enriched transcription factor (TF) enrichment in cotyledon and embryonic axis tissues, and the MYB type exhibited the most significant difference. Furthermore, our findings revealed that genes related to rubber synthesis exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns during seed germination. Notably, key genes associated with rubber biosynthesis, specifically small rubber particle protein (SRPP) and cis-prenyltransferase (CPT), exhibited significant changes in expression in cotyledon and embryonic axis tissues, suggesting synchronous rubber synthesis with seed germination. Our staining results reveled that laticifer cells were exits in the cotyledon before seed imbibition stage. In conclusion, these results lay the foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying laticifer differentiation and rubber synthesis during seed germination, deepening our understanding of the initiation stages of rubber biosynthesis and laticifer differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Shi
- Danxin College, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangyu Long
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Mehdi F, Liu X, Riaz Z, Javed U, Aman A, Galani S. Expression of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in different sugarcane varieties under progressive heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269521. [PMID: 37908828 PMCID: PMC10614296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Studying the thermal stress effect on sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in sugarcane is of great importance for understanding acclimation to thermal stress. In this study, two varieties, S2003-US-633 and SPF-238, were grown at three different temperatures ( ± 2°C): 30°C as a control, 45°C for various episodes of high temperature treatments and recovery conditions at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Data showed that reducing sugar content increased until the grand growth stage but sharply declined at the maturity stage in both cultivars. On the other hand, sucrose is enhanced only at the maturity stage. The expression of all invertase isozymes declined prominently; however, the expression of SPS was high at the maturity stage. Hence, the sucrose accumulation in mature cane was due to increased SPS activity while decreased invertase isozymes (vacuolar, cytoplasmic and cell wall) activities at maturity stage in both cultivars. Heat shock decreased the sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sucrose content and sugar recovery rate in both cultivars. In contrast, heat-shock treatments induced maximum proline, MDA, H2O2 and EC in both cultivars. Notably, this is the first report of diverse invertase isozyme molecular weight proteins, such as those with 67, 134 and 160 kDa, produced under heat stress, suggesting that these enzymes have varied activities at different developmental stages. Overall, S2003-US-633 performs better than the cultivar SPF-238 under heat stress conditions at all development stages, with increased sucrose content, enzyme expression, proline and sugar recovery rate. This work will provide a new avenue regarding sugarcane molecular breeding programs with respect to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mehdi
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, China
- Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zunaira Riaz
- Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Javed
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saddia Galani
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Cheng H, Song X, Hu Y, Wu T, Yang Q, An Z, Feng S, Deng Z, Wu W, Zeng X, Tu M, Wang X, Huang H. Chromosome-level wild Hevea brasiliensis genome provides new tools for genomic-assisted breeding and valuable loci to elevate rubber yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1058-1072. [PMID: 36710373 PMCID: PMC10106855 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is grown in tropical regions and is the major source of natural rubber. Using traditional breeding approaches, the latex yield has increased by sixfold in the last century. However, the underlying genetic basis of rubber yield improvement is largely unknown. Here, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level genome sequence of the wild rubber tree, the first report on selection signatures and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of its yield traits. Population genomic analysis revealed a moderate population divergence between the Wickham clones and wild accessions. Interestingly, it is suggestive that H. brasiliensis and six relatives of the Hevea genus might belong to the same species. The selective sweep analysis found 361 obvious signatures in the domesticated clones associated with 245 genes. In a 15-year field trial, GWAS identified 155 marker-trait associations with latex yield, in which 326 candidate genes were found. Notably, six genes related to sugar transport and metabolism, and four genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signalling are associated with latex yield. The homozygote frequencies of the causal nonsynonymous SNPs have been greatly increased under selection, which may have contributed to the fast latex yield improvement during the short domestication history. Our study provides insights into the genetic basis of the latex yield trait and has implications for genomic-assisted breeding by offering valuable resources in this new domesticated crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Xiaoming Song
- School of Life Sciences/Center for Genomics and Bio‐computingNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Yanshi Hu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Tingkai Wu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Qihang Yang
- School of Life Sciences/Center for Genomics and Bio‐computingNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Zewei An
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Shuyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences/Center for Genomics and Bio‐computingNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Zhi Deng
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Wenguan Wu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Xia Zeng
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Min Tu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Huasun Huang
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
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Sui J, Xiao X, Yang J, Fan Y, Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhou B, Yu F, Tang C. The rubber tree RALF peptide hormone and its receptor protein kinase FER implicates in rubber production. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111510. [PMID: 36341879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs), which are secreted peptides serving as extracellular signals transduced to the inside of the cell, interact with the receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) and participates in various biological pathways. Here, we identified 23 RALF and 2 FER genes in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree), and characterized their expression patterns in different tissues, across the process of leaf development, and in response to the rubber yield-stimulating treatments of tapping and ethylene. Four Hevea latex (the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers)-abundant RALF isoforms, HbRALF19, HbRALF3, HbRALF22, and HbRALF16 were listed with descending expression levels. Of the four HbRALFs, expressions of HbRALF3 were markedly regulated in an opposite way by the treatments of tapping (depression) and ethylene (stimulation). All of the four latex-abundant RALFs specifically interacted with the extracellular domain of HbFER1. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing these HbRALFs displayed phenotypes similar to those reported for AtRALFs, such as shorter roots, smaller plant architecture, and delayed flowering. The application of HbRALF3 and HbRALF19 recombinant proteins significantly reduced the pH of Hevea latex, an important factor regulating latex metabolism. An in vitro rubber biosynthesis assay in a mixture of latex cytosol (C-serum) revealed a positive role of HbFER1 in rubber biosynthesis. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the participation of the HbRALF-FER module in rubber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Sui
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinheng Zhu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Huang W, Li Y, Du Y, Pan L, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Ruan YL, Dong Z, Jin W. Maize cytosolic invertase INVAN6 ensures faithful meiotic progression under heat stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2172-2188. [PMID: 36104957 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Faithful meiotic progression ensures the generation of viable gametes. Studies suggested the male meiosis of plants is sensitive to ambient temperature, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we characterized a maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) dominant male sterile mutant Mei025, in which the meiotic process of pollen mother cells (PMCs) was arrested after pachytene. An Asp-to-Asn replacement at position 276 of INVERTASE ALKALINE NEUTRAL 6 (INVAN6), a cytosolic invertase (CIN) that predominantly exists in PMCs and specifically hydrolyses sucrose, was revealed to cause meiotic defects in Mei025. INVAN6 interacts with itself as well as with four other CINs and seven 14-3-3 proteins. Although INVAN6Mei025 , the variant of INVAN6 found in Mei025, lacks hydrolytic activity entirely, its presence is deleterious to male meiosis, possibly in a dominant negative repression manner through interacting with its partner proteins. Notably, heat stress aggravated meiotic defects in invan6 null mutant. Further transcriptome data suggest INVAN6 has a fundamental role for sugar homeostasis and stress tolerance of male meiocytes. In summary, this work uncovered the function of maize CIN in male meiosis and revealed the role of CIN-mediated sugar metabolism and signalling in meiotic progression under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlu Shi
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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Zhou B, Fang Y, Xiao X, Yang J, Qi J, Qi Q, Fan Y, Tang C. Trehalose 6-Phosphate/SnRK1 Signaling Participates in Harvesting-Stimulated Rubber Production in the Hevea Tree. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2879. [PMID: 36365332 PMCID: PMC9655858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis and a signaling molecule, affects crop yield via targeting sucrose allocation and utilization. As there have been no reports of T6P signaling affecting secondary metabolism in a crop plant, the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis serves as an ideal model in this regard. Sucrose metabolism critically influences the productivity of natural rubber, a secondary metabolite of industrial importance. Here, we report on the characterization of the T6P synthase (TPS) gene family and the T6P/SNF1-related protein kinase1 (T6P/SnRK1) signaling components in Hevea laticifers under tapping (rubber harvesting), an agronomic manipulation that itself stimulates rubber production. A total of fourteen TPS genes were identified, among which a class II TPS gene, HbTPS5, seemed to have evolved with a function specialized in laticifers. T6P and trehalose increased when the trees were tapped, this being consistent with the observed enhanced activities of TPS and T6P phosphatase (TPP) and expression of an active TPS-encoding gene, HbTPS1. On the other hand, SnRK1 activities decreased, suggesting the inhibition of elevated T6P on SnRK1. Expression profiles of the SnRK1 marker genes coincided with elevated T6P and depressed SnRK1. Interestingly, HbTPS5 expression decreased significantly with the onset of tapping, suggesting a regulatory function in the T6P pathway associated with latex production in laticifers. In brief, transcriptional, enzymatic, and metabolic evidence supports the participation of T6P/SnRK1 signaling in rubber formation, thus providing a possible avenue to increasing the yield of a valuable secondary metabolite by targeting T6P in specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou 570228, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Haikou 570228, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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Wang YJ, Zhen XH, Zhou YJ, Wang YL, Hou JY, Wang X, Li RM, Liu J, Hu XW, Geng MT, Yao Y, Guo JC. MeNINV1: An Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene of Manihot esculenta, Enhanced Sucrose Catabolism and Promoted Plant Vegetative Growth in Transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070946. [PMID: 35406926 PMCID: PMC9003190 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV) is an invertase that irreversibly decomposes sucrose into fructose as well as glucose and plays a role in plant growth and development, starch synthesis, abiotic stress, and other plant-life activities. Cassava is an economically important starch crop in tropical regions. During the development of cassava tuber roots, A/N-INV activity is relatively high, which indicates that it may participate in sucrose metabolism and starch synthesis. In this study, MeNINV1 was confirmed to function as invertase to catalyze sucrose decomposition in yeast. The optimal enzymatic properties of MeNINV1 were a pH of 6.5, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, and sucrose as its specific catalytic substrate. VB6, Zn2+, and Pb2+ at low concentrations as well as EDTA, DTT, Tris, Mg2+, and fructose inhibited A/N-INV enzymic activity. In cassava, the MeNINV1 gene was mainly expressed in the fibrous roots and the tuber root phloem, and its expression decreased as the tuber root grew. MeNINV1 was confirmed to localize in chloroplasts. In Arabidopsis, MeNINV1-overexpressing Arabidopsis had higher A/N-INV activity, and the increased glucose, fructose, and starch content in the leaves promoted plant growth and delayed flowering time but did not change its resistance to abiotic stress. Our results provide new insights into the biological function of MeNINV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.W.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xing-Hou Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Yang-Jiao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Yun-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.W.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing-Yi Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Rui-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.W.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.W.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xin-Wen Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
| | - Meng-Ting Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.-J.W.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.); (J.-Y.H.); (X.W.); (X.-W.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.-T.G.); (Y.Y.); (J.-C.G.); Tel.: +86-898-6696-2953 (Y.Y.); +86-898-6696-2953 (J.-C.G.)
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.W.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.-T.G.); (Y.Y.); (J.-C.G.); Tel.: +86-898-6696-2953 (Y.Y.); +86-898-6696-2953 (J.-C.G.)
| | - Jian-Chun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Y.-L.W.); (R.-M.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.-T.G.); (Y.Y.); (J.-C.G.); Tel.: +86-898-6696-2953 (Y.Y.); +86-898-6696-2953 (J.-C.G.)
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Fan Y, Qi J, Xiao X, Li H, Lan J, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Tao J, Tang C. Transcript and Protein Profiling Provides Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Harvesting-Induced Latex Production in Rubber Tree. Front Genet 2022; 13:756270. [PMID: 35222526 PMCID: PMC8869608 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.756270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material with wide applications, is harvested in the form of latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) from Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree) by the way of tapping. Conspicuous stimulation on latex production is observed for the first few tappings conducted on virgin (untapped before) or resting (tapped before but no tapping for a period) rubber trees. To understand the underlying mechanisms, an integrative analysis of the latex transcriptome and proteome was conducted on virgin or resting Hevea trees for the first five tappings. A total of 505 non-redundant differentially expressed (DE) transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were identified by silver-staining cDNA-AFLP, with 217 exhibiting patterns of upregulated, 180 downregulated and 108 irregularly-regulated. Meanwhile, 117 two dimensional gel electrophoresis DE-protein spots were isolated and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, with 89 and 57 being successfully identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF, respectively. About 72.5% DE-TDFs and 76.1% DE-proteins were functionally annotated and categorized. Noteworthily, most of the DE-TDFs implicated in sugar transport and metabolism as well as rubber biosynthesis were upregulated by the tapping treatment. The importance of sugar metabolism in harvesting-induced latex production was reinforced by the identification of abundant relevant DE-protein spots. About 83.8% of the randomly selected DE-TDFs were validated for expression patterns by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and an 89.7% consistency for the 29 latex regeneration-related DE-TDFs examined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In brief, our results reveal extensive physiological and molecular changes in Hevea laticifers incurred by the tapping treatment, and the vast number of DE genes and proteins identified here contribute to unraveling the gene regulatory network of tapping-stimulated latex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Heping Li
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jixian Lan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yacheng Huang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Chaorong Tang,
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10
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Gorshkov V, Tsers I. Plant susceptible responses: the underestimated side of plant-pathogen interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:45-66. [PMID: 34435443 PMCID: PMC9291929 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant susceptibility to pathogens is usually considered from the perspective of the loss of resistance. However, susceptibility cannot be equated with plant passivity since active host cooperation may be required for the pathogen to propagate and cause disease. This cooperation consists of the induction of reactions called susceptible responses that transform a plant from an autonomous biological unit into a component of a pathosystem. Induced susceptibility is scarcely discussed in the literature (at least compared to induced resistance) although this phenomenon has a fundamental impact on plant-pathogen interactions and disease progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on plant susceptible responses and their regulation. We highlight two main categories of susceptible responses according to their consequences and indicate the relevance of susceptible response-related studies to agricultural practice. We hope that this review will generate interest in this underestimated aspect of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia.,Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Ivan Tsers
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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Zhang Y, Xin L, Pirrello J, Fang Y, Yang J, Qi J, Montoro P, Tang C. Ethylene response factors regulate expression of HbSUT3, the sucrose influx carrier in laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1278-1288. [PMID: 33554256 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber is an important industrial raw material and is commercially produced by rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). The sucrose transporter HbSUT3 plays an essential role in rubber production. Its expression in latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) is induced by bark treatment with Ethrel, an ethylene releaser, and the inducing effect correlates well with Ethrel-stimulated rubber yield increase. However, the mechanisms of ethylene induction on HbSUT3 expression are not known. Here, five Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) genes were identified from the cDNA library of Hevea latex by yeast one-hybrid screening with the promoter of HbSUT3 gene as bait. As revealed in a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplast transient expression system, these HbERFs were mainly localized in the nucleus and four of them exhibited apparent transactivation activity. Of the five HbERF genes, HbERF-IXc4 was the most frequently screened in yeast one-hybrid, accounting for 65% of the ERF clones obtained. Moreover, among the five HbERFs, HbERF-IXc4 showed the strongest transactivation capacity when expressed in tobacco protoplast, the highest transcript abundance in latex and a close expressional correlation with its target gene, HbSUT3, in response to the Ethrel treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that ERFs, especially HbERF-IXc4, are critically involved in the activation of HbSUT3 expression in latex after Ethrel treatment on Hevea bark, and thus the stimulated latex yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, 389 Avenue d'Agropolis - TA A-108/03, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 389 Avenue d'Agropolis - TA A-108/03, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 West Xueyuan Road, Haikou 570100, China; 5Corresponding authors C.Tang ( or ); P. Montoro
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 West Xueyuan Road, Haikou 570100, China; 5Corresponding authors C.Tang ( or ); P. Montoro
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pascal Montoro
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, 389 Avenue d'Agropolis - TA A-108/03, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 389 Avenue d'Agropolis - TA A-108/03, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
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12
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Fang P, Long X, Fang Y, Chen H, Yu M. A predominant isoform of fructokinase, HbFRK2, is involved in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree) latex yield and regeneration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:211-220. [PMID: 33706182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fructokinase (FRK) mediates fructose phosphorylation to regulate the carbon flow and its assignment to sink tissues. Out of five HbFRKs in the genome of the rubber tree, three (HbFRK1-3) that were highly expressed in latex (cytoplasm of laticifers) were isolated and examined. According to phylogenetic analysis and intracellular location experiment, both HbFRK2 and HbFRK3 were highly possible to be expressed in cytosol, while HbFRK1 was in plastid. As the predominant isoform in laticifers, HbFRK2 had the highest transcripts, followed by HbFRK3 and HbFRK1. In enzymatic function, HbFRK2 also showed the highest affinity for fructose. To examine the roles of FRKs in latex yield and regeneration, changes in HbFRKs were examined when latex outflow from the trees were increased through two experimental interventions. In the first approach, tapping was initiated on previously untapped trees, resulting in latex yield increasing with consecutive tapping at the initial stage before it stabilized. In the second approach, latex yield from trees that were already in regular tapping was stimulated by treatment with the ethylene-based yield stimulant, ethephon. Using either method to induce an increase in latex yield, the abundance of HbFRK2 and HbFRK3 in transcripts, was increased. This development, which was especially marked in HbFRK2, may reflect a strengthening of glycolysis to meet the carbon flux and energy demands for increased rubber biosynthesis to replace rubber lost in the increased latex yield. Our results, therefore, suggest that HbFRK2 plays a critical role in fructose catabolism to facilitate rubber regeneration in the commercially exploited rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchang Fang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Su T, Zhou B, Cao D, Pan Y, Hu M, Zhang M, Wei H, Han M. Transcriptomic Profiling of Populus Roots Challenged with Fusarium Reveals Differential Responsive Patterns of Invertase and Invertase Inhibitor-Like Families within Carbohydrate Metabolism. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020089. [PMID: 33513923 PMCID: PMC7911864 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium solani (Fs) is one of the notorious necrotrophic fungal pathogens that cause root rot and vascular wilt, accounting for the severe loss of Populus production worldwide. The plant-pathogen interactions have a strong molecular basis. As yet, the genomic information and transcriptomic profiling on the attempted infection of Fs remain unavailable in a woody model species, Populus trichocarpa. We used a full RNA-seq transcriptome to investigate the molecular interactions in the roots with a time-course infection at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) of Fs. Concomitantly, the invertase and invertase inhibitor-like gene families were further analyzed, followed by the experimental evaluation of their expression patterns using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme assay. The magnitude profiles of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at 72 hpi inoculation. Approximately 839 genes evidenced a reception and transduction of pathogen signals, a large transcriptional reprogramming, induction of hormone signaling, activation of pathogenesis-related genes, and secondary and carbohydrate metabolism changes. Among these, a total of 63 critical genes that consistently appear during the entire interactions of plant-pathogen had substantially altered transcript abundance and potentially constituted suitable candidates as resistant genes in genetic engineering. These data provide essential clues in the developing new strategies of broadening resistance to Fs through transcriptional or translational modifications of the critical responsive genes within various analyzed categories (e.g., carbohydrate metabolism) in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Biyao Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuting Pan
- College of Forest, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Mei Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haikun Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (B.Z.); (D.C.); (M.H.); (M.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-9598-9551
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Wang ZH, Liu S, Zhang Q, Jiang J. RNA interference silencing of the cytoplasmic invertases SlCIN7 leads to reduction in pollen viability and parthenocarpic fruit in tomato. Gene 2020; 771:145367. [PMID: 33346101 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-He Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China; Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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GhN/AINV13 positively regulates cotton stress tolerance by interacting with the 14-3-3 protein. Genomics 2020; 113:44-56. [PMID: 33276005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutral/alkaline invertases (N/AINVs) are sucrose hydrolases with important roles in plants. In this study, 15, 15, 15, 29, and 30 N/AINVs were identified in the Gossypium species, G. raimondii, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. Along with two previously discovered branches, α and β, a new clade γ was first discovered in our study. Investigation of gene collinearity showed that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and polyploidization were responsible for the expansion of the N/AINV gene family in allopolyploid Gossypium. Moreover, expression patterns revealed that GhN/AINV3/13/17/23/24/28 from the β clade is highly expressed during the period of fiber initiation. The invertase activity of GhN/AINV13 and GhN/AINV23 were confirmed by restoring defects of invertase-deficient yeast mutant SEY2102. Treatments of abiotic stress showed that most GhN/AINVs were induced in response to polyethylene glycol (PEG) or salt stress. A virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) experiment and yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that GhN/AINV13 may interact with their positive regulators Gh14-3-3 proteins and participate in the fiber initiation or stress tolerance of cotton. Our results provided fundamental information regarding N/AINVs and highlight their potential functions in cotton stress tolerance.
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Wang X, Wang S, Xue Y, Ren X, Xue J, Zhang X. Defoliation, not gibberellin, induces tree peony autumn reflowering regulated by carbon allocation and metabolism in buds and leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:545-555. [PMID: 32305821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short and concentrated natural fluorescence hinders tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) annual production, and defoliation and gibberellin (GA) application is used to induce its reflowering in autumn. Here, the individual roles of defoliation and GA treatment were determined by monitoring morphological and soluble sugar changes in buds and leaves, and by investigating carbon allocation- and metabolism-related gene expression. Both defoliation and GA treatment induced early bud development, but induction was faster using the GA treatment. Only defoliation, not GA treatment, induced the final reflowering, although their combination accelerated it. Furthermore, defoliation decreased the sucrose content in buds much faster than the GA treatment. This sucrose reduction may play a key role in tree peony reflowering, and the higher carbon metabolism activity in young leaves after defoliation may further help the reflowering process. Defoliation enhanced the expression of sucrose transporters PsSUT4 and PsSWEET12 in buds, and their expression in young leaves was greater than after GA treatment. This indicated that PsSUT4 and PsSWEET12 may help transport carbon into buds after defoliation. In addition, the invertases, PsCIN2 and PsCWIN1 in young leaves were more highly expressed after defoliation, indicating that they may contribute to reflowering after defoliation by accelerating sucrose hydrolysis in young leaves. In addition, the expression levels of PsVIN1 and PsVIN2 in leaves, and PsVIN2 in buds were more highly induced by GA treatment than by defoliation, indicating that PsVINs may mainly respond to GA treatment. These results may help improve the tree peony forcing culture technology and related industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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17
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Long X, Lu J, Kav NNV, Qin Y, Fang Y. Identification and evaluation of suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in rubber tree leaf. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1921-1933. [PMID: 32020426 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiles are increasingly applied to investigate molecular mechanism for which, normalization with suitable reference genes is critical. Previously we have reported several suitable reference genes for laticifer samples from rubber tree, however, little is known in leaf. The main objective of this current study was to identify some stable expression reference genes at various developmental stages of leaf, as well as during abiotic (high and low temperature extremes) and biotic stresses (pathogen stress). Gene expression profilings identified the ubiquitin-proteasome system as excellent potential as reference genes for rubber tree leaf. Among a total of 30 tested genes investigated, 24 new candidate (including 11 genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system), 4 previously identified and 2 specific genes, were further evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results indicated that the new candidate genes had better expression stability comparing with others. For instance, an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (RG0099) and three ubiquitin-protein ligases (RG0928, RG2190 and RG0118) expressed stably in all samples, and were confirmed to be suitable reference genes for rubber tree leaf under four different conditions. Finally, we suggest that using more than one reference gene may be appropriate in gene expression studies when employing different software to normalize gene expression data. Our findings have significant implications for the reliability of data obtained from genomics studies in rubber tree and perhaps in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Long
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Jilai Lu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yunxia Qin
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
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18
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Long X, Li H, Yang J, Xin L, Fang Y, He B, Huang D, Tang C. Characterization of a vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, from Hevea brasiliensis: involvement in latex production through regulation of intracellular sucrose transport in the bark and laticifers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:591. [PMID: 31881921 PMCID: PMC6935173 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose (Suc), as the precursor molecule for rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis, is transported via phloem-mediated long-distance transport from leaves to laticifers in trunk bark, where latex (cytoplasm of laticifers) is tapped for rubber. In our previous report, six Suc transporter (SUT) genes have been cloned in Hevea tree, among which HbSUT3 is verified to play an active role in Suc loading to the laticifers. In this study, another latex-abundant SUT isoform, HbSUT5, with expressions only inferior to HbSUT3 was characterized especially for its roles in latex production. RESULTS Both phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization identify HbSUT5 as a tonoplast-localized SUT protein under the SUT4-clade (=type III). Suc uptake assay in baker's yeast reveals HbSUT5 to be a typical Suc-H+ symporter, but its high affinity for Suc (Km = 2.03 mM at pH 5.5) and the similar efficiency in transporting both Suc and maltose making it a peculiar SUT under the SUT4-clade. At the transcript level, HbSUT5 is abundantly and preferentially expressed in Hevea barks. The transcripts of HbSUT5 are conspicuously decreased both in Hevea latex and bark by two yield-stimulating treatments of tapping and ethephon, the patterns of which are contrary to HbSUT3. Under the ethephon treatment, the Suc level in latex cytosol decreases significantly, but that in latex lutoids (polydispersed vacuoles) changes little, suggesting a role of the decreased HbSUT5 expression in Suc compartmentalization in the lutoids and thus enhancing the Suc sink strength in laticifers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the roles of a vacuolar sucrose transporter, HbSUT5, in Suc exchange between lutoids and cytosol in rubber-producing laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Heping Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou, 363005, Fujian, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Debao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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19
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Pan L, Guo Q, Chai S, Cheng Y, Ruan M, Ye Q, Wang R, Yao Z, Zhou G, Li Z, Deng M, Jin F, Liu L, Wan H. Evolutionary Conservation and Expression Patterns of Neutral/Alkaline Invertases in Solanum. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120763. [PMID: 31766568 PMCID: PMC6995568 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The invertase gene family in plants is composed of two subfamilies of enzymes, namely, acid- and neutral/alkaline invertases (cytosolic invertase, CIN). Both can irreversibly cleave sucrose into fructose and glucose, which are thought to play key roles in carbon metabolism and plant growth. CINs are widely found in plants, but little is reported about this family. In this paper, a comparative genomic approach was used to analyze the CIN gene family in Solanum, including Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum pennellii, Solanum pimpinellifolium, and Solanum melongena. A total of 40 CINs were identified in five Solanum plants, and sequence features, phylogenetic relationships, motif compositions, gene structure, collinear relationship, and expression profile were further analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed a remarkable conservation of CINs in sequence length, gene number, and molecular weight. The previously verified four amino acid residues (D188, E414, Arg430, and Ser547) were also observed in 39 out of 40 CINs in our study, showing to be deeply conserved. The CIN gene family could be distinguished into groups α and β, and α is further subdivided into subgroups α1 and α2 in our phylogenetic tree. More remarkably, each species has an average of four CINs in the α and β groups. Marked interspecies conservation and collinearity of CINs were also further revealed by chromosome mapping. Exon-intron configuration and conserved motifs were consistent in each of these α and β groups on the basis of in silico analysis. Expression analysis indicated that CINs were constitutively expressed and share similar expression profiles in all tested samples from S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum. In addition, in CIN genes of the tomato and potato in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, phytohormones also performed. Overall, CINs in Solanum were encoded by a small and highly conserved gene family, possibly reflecting structural and functional conservation in Solanum. These results lay the foundation for further expounding the functional characterization of CIN genes and are also significant for understanding the evolutionary profiling of the CIN gene family in Solanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhao Pan
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (L.P.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qinwei Guo
- Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Songlin Chai
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (L.P.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Meiying Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qingjing Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Rongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhuping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhimiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Minghua Deng
- College of Horticulture and landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Fengmei Jin
- Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tianjin 300192, China;
| | - Lecheng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (L.P.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.C.); (M.R.); (Q.Y.); (R.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.Z.); (Z.L.)
- China-Australia Research Centre for Crop Improvement, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-86407677; Fax: +86-571-86400997
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Su T, Han M, Min J, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Fang Y. Functional Characterization of Invertase Inhibitors PtC/VIF1 and 2 Revealed Their Involvements in the Defense Response to Fungal Pathogen in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1654. [PMID: 31969894 PMCID: PMC6960229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, cell wall invertase (CWI) and vacuolar invertase (VI) were considered to be essential coordinators in carbohydrate partitioning, sink strength determination, and stress responses. An increasing body of evidence revealed that the tight regulation of CWI and VI substantially depends on the post-translational mechanisms, which were mediated by small proteinaceous inhibitors (C/VIFs, Inhibitor of β-Fructosidases). As yet, the extensive survey of the molecular basis and biochemical property of C/VIFs remains largely unknown in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray), a model species of woody plants. In the present work, we have initiated a systematic review of the genomic structures, phylogenies, cis-regulatory elements, and conserved motifs as well as the tissue-specific expression, resulting in the identification of 39 genes encoding C/VIF in poplar genome. We characterized two putative invertase inhibitors PtC/VIF1 and 2, showing predominant transcript levels in the roots and highly divergent responses to the selected stress cues including fusarium wilt, drought, ABA, wound, and senescence. In silico prediction of the signal peptide hinted us that they both likely had the apoplastic targets. Based on the experimental visualization via the transient and stable transformation assays, we confirmed that PtC/VIF1 and 2 indeed secreted to the extracellular compartments. Further validation of their recombinant enzymes revealed that they displayed the potent inhibitory affinities on the extracted CWI, supporting the patterns that act as the typical apoplastic invertase inhibitors. To our knowledge, it is the first report on molecular characterization of the functional C/VIF proteins in poplar. Our results indicate that PtC/VIF1 and 2 may exert essential roles in defense- and stress-related responses. Moreover, novel findings of the up- and downregulated C/VIF genes and functional enzyme activities enable us to further unravel the molecular mechanisms in the promotion of woody plant performance and adapted-biotic stress, underlying the homeostatic control of sugar in the apoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Han, ;
| | - Jie Min
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaiye Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Forest, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- College of Forest, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Su T, Han M, Min J, Chen P, Mao Y, Huang Q, Tong Q, Liu Q, Fang Y. Genome-Wide Survey of Invertase Encoding Genes and Functional Characterization of an Extracellular Fungal Pathogen-Responsive Invertase in Glycine max. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2395. [PMID: 30110937 PMCID: PMC6121457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertases are essential enzymes that irreversibly catalyze the cleavage of sucrose into glucose and fructose. Cell wall invertase (CWI) and vacuolar invertase (VI) are glycosylated proteins and exert fundamental roles in plant growth as well as in response to environmental cues. As yet, comprehensive insight into invertase encoding genes are lacking in Glycine max. In the present study, the systematic survey of gene structures, coding regions, regulatory elements, conserved motifs, and phylogenies resulted in the identification of thirty⁻two putative invertase genes in soybean genome. Concomitantly, impacts on gene expression, enzyme activities, proteins, and soluble sugar accumulation were explored in specific tissues upon stress perturbation. In combination with the observation of subcellular compartmentation of the fluorescent fusion protein that indeed exported to apoplast, heterologous expression, and purification in using Pichia pastoris system revealed that GmCWI4 was a typical extracellular invertase. We postulated that GmCWI4 may play regulatory roles and be involved in pathogenic fungi defense. The experimental evaluation of physiological significance via phenotypic analysis of mutants under stress exposure has been initiated. Moreover, our paper provides theoretical basis for elucidating molecular mechanisms of invertase in association with inhibitors underlying the stress regime, and will contribute to the improvement of plant performance to a diverse range of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jie Min
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Peixian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yuxin Mao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiao Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qian Tong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiuchen Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Juárez-Colunga S, López-González C, Morales-Elías NC, Massange-Sánchez JA, Trachsel S, Tiessen A. Genome-wide analysis of the invertase gene family from maize. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:385-406. [PMID: 29948658 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent release of the maize genome (AGPv4) contains annotation errors of invertase genes and therefore the enzymes are bestly curated manually at the protein level in a comprehensible fashion The synthesis, transport and degradation of sucrose are determining factors for biomass allocation and yield of crop plants. Invertase (INV) is a key enzyme of carbon metabolism in both source and sink tissues. Current releases of the maize genome correctly annotates only two vacuolar invertases (ivr1 and ivr2) and four cell wall invertases (incw1, incw2 (mn1), incw3, and incw4). Our comprehensive survey identified 21 INV isogenes for which we propose a standard nomenclature grouped phylogenetically by amino acid similarity: three vacuolar (INVVR), eight cell wall (INVCW), and ten alkaline/neutral (INVAN) isogenes which form separate dendogram branches due to distinct molecular features. The acidic enzymes were curated for the presence of the DPN tripeptide which is coded by one of the smallest exons reported in plants. Particular attention was placed on the molecular role of INV in vascular tissues such as the nodes, internodes, leaf sheath, husk leaves and roots. We report the expression profile of most members of the maize INV family in nine tissues in two developmental stages, R1 and R3. INVCW7, INVVR2, INVAN8, INVAN9, INVAN10, and INVAN3 displayed the highest absolute expressions in most tissues. INVVR3, INVCW5, INVCW8, and INVAN1 showed low mRNA levels. Expressions of most INVs were repressed from stage R1 to R3, except for INVCW7 which increased significantly in all tissues after flowering. The mRNA levels of INVCW7 in the vegetative stem correlated with a higher transport rate of assimilates from leaves to the cob which led to starch accumulation and growth of the female reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Juárez-Colunga
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, C.P. 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Cristal López-González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, C.P. 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Norma Cecilia Morales-Elías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, C.P. 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julio Armando Massange-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, C.P. 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
- KWS Group, Grimsehlstrasse 31, 37574, Einbeck, Germany
| | - Samuel Trachsel
- Global Maize Program, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán, 56130, Texcoco, State Of Mexico, Mexico
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, C.P. 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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23
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Xie J, Hu H, Cai K, Xia L, Yang F, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Zhou C. Structural and enzymatic analyses ofAnabaenaheterocyst‐specific alkaline invertase InvB. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1589-1601. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Hai‐Xi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Kun Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Ling‐Yun Xia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Feng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yong‐Liang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Cong‐Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
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Romanov GA, Lomin SN, Schmülling T. Cytokinin signaling: from the ER or from the PM? That is the question! THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:41-53. [PMID: 29355964 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Content Summary 47 I. Introduction 47 II. Historical outline 48 III. Recent developments 49 IV. Towards an integrative concept for cytokinin receptor signaling 54 Acknowledgements 57 References 57 SUMMARY: Cytokinin signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development, and therefore its molecular characteristics are under extensive study. One characteristic is the subcellular localization of cytokinin signal initiation. This localization determines both the pathway for hormone delivery to the receptor, as well as molecular aspects of signal transfer to the primary cellular targets. Subcellular sites for the onset of cytokinin signaling are still uncertain and experimental data are in part controversial. A few years ago, cytokinin receptors were shown to be localized predominantly in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to possess some features, such as their pH activity profile, typical for intracellular proteins. Very recently, new data corroborating the functionality of ER-located cytokinin receptors were reported. However, other work argued for cytokinin perception to occur at the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we discuss in detail these partially conflicting data and present an integrative model for cytokinin perception and signaling. In our opinion, the prevailing evidence argues for the ER being the predominant site of cytokinin signal perception but also that signal initiation at the PM might be relevant in some circumstances as well. The roles of these pathways in long-distance, paracrine and autocrine cytokinin signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy A Romanov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Sergey N Lomin
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
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Zhu J, Qi J, Fang Y, Xiao X, Li J, Lan J, Tang C. Characterization of Sugar Contents and Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes in Developing Leaves of Hevea brasiliensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 29449852 PMCID: PMC5799706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in plant leaves have hitherto been investigated mainly in temperate plants, and rarely conducted in tandem with gene expression and sugar analysis. Here, we investigated the sugar content, gene expression, and the activity of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in the leaves of Hevea brasiliensis, a tropical tree widely cultivated for natural rubber. Sucrose, fructose and glucose were the major sugars detected in Hevea leaves at four developmental stages (I to IV), with starch and quebrachitol as minor saccharides. Fructose and glucose contents increased until stage III, but decreased strongly at stage IV (mature leaves). On the other hand, sucrose increased continuously throughout leaf development. Activities of all sucrose-cleaving enzymes decreased markedly at maturation, consistent with transcript decline for most of their encoding genes. Activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) was low in spite of its high transcript levels at maturation. Hence, the high sucrose content in mature leaves was not due to increased sucrose-synthesizing activity, but more to the decline in sucrose cleavage. Gene expression and activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in Hevea leaves showed striking differences compared with other plants. Unlike in most other species where vacuolar invertase predominates in sucrose cleavage in developing leaves, cytoplasmic invertase and sucrose synthase (cleavage direction) also featured prominently in Hevea. Whereas SPS is normally responsible for sucrose synthesis in plant leaves, sucrose synthase (synthesis direction) was comparable or higher than that of SPS in Hevea leaves. Mature Hevea leaves had an unusually high sucrose:starch ratio of about 11, the highest reported to date in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Zhu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jiuhui Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jixian Lan
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene Family in Pepper. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010224. [PMID: 29324672 PMCID: PMC5796173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline/neutral invertase (NINV) proteins irreversibly cleave sucrose into fructose and glucose, and play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and plant development. To investigate the role of NINVs in the development of pepper fruits, seven NINV genes (CaNINV1-7) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CaNINV family could be divided into α and β groups. CaNINV1-6 had typical conserved regions and similar protein structures to the NINVs of other plants, while CaNINV7 lacked amino acid sequences at the C-terminus and N-terminus ends. An expression analysis of the CaNINV genes in different tissues demonstrated that CaNINV5 is the dominant NINV in all the examined tissues (root, stem, leaf, bud, flower, and developmental pepper fruits stage). Notably, the expression of CaNINV5 was found to gradually increase at the pre-breaker stages, followed by a decrease at the breaker stages, while it maintained a low level at the post-breaker stages. Furthermore, the invertase activity of CaNINV5 was identified by functional complementation of the invertase-deficient yeast strain SEY2102, and the optimum pH of CaNINV5 was found to be ~7.5. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of CaNINV5 suggest that it might be the main NINV enzyme for hydrolysis of sucrose during pepper fruit development.
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Chao J, Yang S, Chen Y, Tian WM. Transcript Profiling of Hevea brasiliensis during Latex Flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1904. [PMID: 29163621 PMCID: PMC5682034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Latex exploitation enhances latex regeneration in rubber trees. The latex exploitation-caused latex flow lasts from 10 min to a few hours, which is convenient for exploring the transcript profiling of latex metabolism-related genes at the different stages of latex flow. In the present study, the expression pattern of 62 latex metabolism-related genes involved in water transportation, carbohydrate metabolism, natural rubber biosynthesis, hormone signaling, ROS generation and scavenging, and latex coagulum across three stages of latex flow between rubber tree clones CATAS7-33-97 and CATAS8-79 were comparatively analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The two clones show differences in latex regeneration and have a different duration of latex flow. The results showed that the expression levels of 38 genes were significantly higher in CATAS8-79 latex than in CATAS7-33-97 during latex regeneration, while 45 genes had a notably higher expression level in CATAS8-79 latex during latex flow. Together with the activation of the MEP pathway and jasmonate pathway in CATAS8-79 latex, HbPIP1;3, HbPIP1;4, HbSUT3, HbSus3, HbHMGS1-2, HbMK should contribute to the high latex regeneration ability. The up-regulation of ethylene signaling and Hb44KD and the down-regulation of latex coagulation-related genes in CATAS8-79 latex might contribute to its longer latex flow duration. This study provides some cues for revealing the regulation of latex metabolism in rubber trees.
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Ruan ZY, Chen XM, Yang P, Wang BY. Roles played by invertase and gene expression in the development of the horn-shaped gall on leaves of Rhus chinensis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1160-1170. [PMID: 32480641 DOI: 10.1071/fp16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the growth and development of the horn-shaped gall, which is induced by Schlechtendalia chinensis Bell. on leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. The relationship between gall formers and their host plants was investigated by means of the activities of various invertases, the expressions of the cell wall invertase gene (INV2), and vacuolar invertase gene (INV3) during gall development. Our results show that the increase in the sink strength of the galls required cell wall invertase and vacuolar invertase, and that vacuolar invertase had a particular impact during the early development. In addition, vacuolar invertase activity was always significantly higher in galls than in leaves. However, ionically bound cell wall invertase showed a slightly significant increased activity level when compared with the leaves after galls had entered the fast growing period. This result indicates that vacuolar invertase is related to the rapid expansion of the galls, but ionically bound cell wall invertase is involved in the rapid growth of tissues. The enhanced activity of cell wall invertase and the expression of INV2 may be a plant response to a gall-induced stress. Cytoplasmic invertase that acts as a maintenance enzyme, or takes part in the production of secondary metabolites, was elevated when intracellular acid invertase activity decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yuan Ruan
- The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailong Si, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailong Si, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, China
| | - Pu Yang
- The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailong Si, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, China
| | - Bing-Yi Wang
- The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailong Si, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, China
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Sui JL, Xiao XH, Qi JY, Fang YJ, Tang CR. The SWEET gene family in Hevea brasiliensis - its evolution and expression compared with four other plant species. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1943-1959. [PMID: 29226081 PMCID: PMC5715295 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SWEET proteins play an indispensable role as a sugar efflux transporter in plant development and stress responses. The SWEET genes have previously been characterized in several plants. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. There are 36 members of the SWEET gene family in this species, making it one of the largest families in plant genomes sequenced so far. Structure and phylogeny analyses of these genes in Hevea and in other species demonstrated broad evolutionary conservation. RNA‐seq analyses revealed that SWEET2, 16, and 17 might represent the main evolutionary direction of SWEET genes in plants. Our results in Hevea suggested the involvement of HbSWEET1a, 2e, 2f, and 3b in phloem loading, HbSWEET10a and 16b in laticifer sugar transport, and HbSWEET9a in nectary‐specific sugar transport. Parallel studies of RNA‐seq analyses extended to three other plant species (Manihot esculenta, Populus trichocarpa, and Arabidopsis thaliana) produced findings which implicated MeSWEET10a, 3a, and 15b in M. esculenta storage root development, and the involvement of PtSWEET16b and PtSWEET16d in P. trichocarpa xylem development. RT‐qPCR results further revealed that HbSWEET10a, 16b, and 1a play important roles in phloem sugar transport. The results from this study provide a foundation not only for further investigation into the functionality of the SWEET gene family in Hevea, especially in its sugar transport for latex production, but also for related studies of this gene family in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Sui
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan University Haikou Hainan China.,Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Xiao-Hu Xiao
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Ji-Yan Qi
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Yong-Jun Fang
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Chao-Rong Tang
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
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Lincoln L, More SS. Bacterial invertases: Occurrence, production, biochemical characterization, and significance of transfructosylation. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:803-813. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Lincoln
- Department of Biochemistry; Centre for Post Graduate Studies; Jain University; Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Sunil S. More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Dayananda Sagar University; Bengaluru Karnataka India
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31
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Tang X, Su T, Han M, Wei L, Wang W, Yu Z, Xue Y, Wei H, Du Y, Greiner S, Rausch T, Liu L. Suppression of extracellular invertase inhibitor gene expression improves seed weight in soybean (Glycine max). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:469-482. [PMID: 28204559 PMCID: PMC5441900 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall invertase (CWI) and vacuolar invertase (VI) play multiple functions in plant growth. As well as depending on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, there is growing evidence that CWI and VI are also subject to post-translational control by small inhibitory proteins. Despite the significance of this, genes encoding inhibitors, their molecular and biochemical properties, and their potential roles in regulating seed production have not been well documented in soybean (Glycine max). In this study, two invertase inhibitor isoforms, GmCIF1 and GmC/VIF2, were characterized to possess inhibitory activities in vitro via heterologous expression. Transcript analyses showed that they were predominantly expressed in developing seeds and in response to ABA. In accordance with this, surveys of primary targets showed subcellular localizations to the apoplast in tobacco epidermis after expressing YFP-fusion constructs. Investigations using RNAi transgenic plants demonstrated marked elevations of CWI activities and improvements in seed weight in conjunction with higher accumulations of hexoses, starch, and protein in mature seeds. Further co-expression analyses of GmCIF1 with several putative CWI genes corroborated the notion that GmCIF1 modulation of CWI that affects seed weight is mainly contingent on post-translational mechanisms. Overall, the results suggest that post-translational elevation of CWI by silencing of GmCIF1 expression orchestrates the process of seed maturation through fine-tuning sucrose metabolism and sink strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tang
- Soybean Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Soybean Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Soybean Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongguo Xue
- Soybean Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yejie Du
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Greiner
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rausch
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lijun Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Xie J, Cai K, Hu HX, Jiang YL, Yang F, Hu PF, Cao DD, Li WF, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Structural Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism and Substrate Specificity of Anabaena Alkaline Invertase InvA Reveals a Novel Glucosidase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25667-25677. [PMID: 27777307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertases catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thereby playing a key role in primary metabolism and plant development. According to the optimum pH, invertases are classified into acid invertases (Ac-Invs) and alkaline/neutral invertases (A/N-Invs), which share no sequence homology. Compared with Ac-Invs that have been extensively studied, the structure and catalytic mechanism of A/N-Invs remain unknown. Here we report the crystal structures of Anabaena alkaline invertase InvA, which was proposed to be the ancestor of modern plant A/N-Invs. These structures are the first in the GH100 family. InvA exists as a hexamer in both crystal and solution. Each subunit consists of an (α/α)6 barrel core structure in addition to an insertion of three helices. A couple of structures in complex with the substrate or products enabled us to assign the subsites -1 and +1 specifically binding glucose and fructose, respectively. Structural comparison combined with enzymatic assays indicated that Asp-188 and Glu-414 are putative catalytic residues. Further analysis of the substrate binding pocket demonstrated that InvA possesses a stringent substrate specificity toward the α1,2-glycosidic bond of sucrose. Together, we suggest that InvA and homologs represent a novel family of glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Cai
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hai-Xi Hu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Feng Yang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
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Long X, He B, Fang Y, Tang C. Identification and Characterization of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Family in the Para Rubber Tree, Hevea brasiliensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:215. [PMID: 26941770 PMCID: PMC4766392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) provides nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and intermediary metabolites for rubber biosynthesis, and plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, four Hevea brasiliensis (Para rubber tree) G6PDH genes (HbG6PDH1 to 4) were identified and cloned using a genome-wide scanning approach. All four HbG6PDH genes encode functional G6PDH enzymes as shown by heterologous expression in E. coli. Phylogeny analysis and subcellular localization prediction show that HbG6PDH3 is a cytosolic isoform, while the other three genes (HbG6PDH1, 2 and 4) are plastidic isoforms. The subcellular locations of HbG6PDH3 and 4, two latex-abundant isoforms were further verified by transient expression in rice protoplasts. Enzyme activity assay and expression analysis showed HbG6PDH3 and 4 were implicated in PPP during latex regeneration, and to influence rubber production positively in rubber tree. The cytosolic HbG6PDH3 is a predominant isoform in latex, implying a principal role for this isoform in controlling carbon flow and NADPH production in the PPP during latex regeneration. The expression pattern of plastidic HbG6PDH4 correlates well with the degree of tapping panel dryness, a physiological disorder that stops the flow of latex from affected rubber trees. In addition, the four HbG6PDHs responded to temperature and drought stresses in root, bark, and leaves, implicating their roles in maintaining redox balance and defending against oxidative stress.
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Li HL, Guo D, Zhu JH, Wang Y, Chen XT, Peng SQ. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Latex Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Increased Rubber Yield in Hevea brasiliensis Self-Rooting Juvenile Clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1204. [PMID: 27555864 PMCID: PMC4977288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) self-rooting juvenile clones (JCs) are promising planting materials for rubber production. In a comparative trial between self-rooting JCs and donor clones (DCs), self-rooting JCs exhibited better performance in rubber yield. To study the molecular mechanism associated with higher rubber yield in self-rooting JCs, we sequenced and comparatively analyzed the latex of rubber tree self-rooting JCs and DCs at the transcriptome level. Total raw reads of 34,632,012 and 35,913,020 bp were obtained from the library of self-rooting JCs and DCs, respectively, by using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology. De novo assemblies yielded 54689 unigenes from the library of self-rooting JCs and DCs. Among 54689 genes, 1716 genes were identified as differentially expressed between self-rooting JCs and DCs via comparative transcript profiling. Functional analysis showed that the genes related to the mass of categories were differentially enriched between the two clones. Several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, hormone metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging were up-regulated in self-rooting JCs, suggesting that the self-rooting JCs provide sufficient molecular basis for the increased rubber yielding, especially in the aspects of improved latex metabolisms and latex flow. Some genes encoding epigenetic modification enzymes were also differentially expressed between self-rooting JCs and DCs. Epigenetic modifications may lead to gene differential expression between self-rooting JCs and DCs. These data will provide new cues to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the improved rubber yield of H. brasiliensis self-rooting clones.
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Long X, He B, Gao X, Qin Y, Yang J, Fang Y, Qi J, Tang C. Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR during latex regeneration in rubber tree. Gene 2015; 563:190-5. [PMID: 25791491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In rubber tree, latex regeneration is one of the decisive factors influencing the rubber yield, although its molecular regulation is not well known. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a popular and powerful tool used to understand the molecular mechanisms of latex regeneration. However, the suitable reference genes required for qPCR are not available to investigate the expressions of target genes during latex regeneration. In this study, 20 candidate reference genes were selected and evaluated for their expression stability across the samples during the process of latex regeneration. All reference genes showed a relatively wide range of the threshold cycle values, and their stability was validated by four different algorithms (comparative delta Ct method, Bestkeeper, NormFinder and GeNorm). Three softwares (comparative delta Ct method, NormFinder and GeNorm) exported similar results that identify UBC4, ADF, UBC2a, eIF2 and ADF4 as the top five suitable references, and 18S as the least suitable one. The application of the screened references would improve accuracy and reliability of gene expression analysis in latex regeneration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China; College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China
| | - Yunxia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, PR China.
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