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Meigas E, Uusküla B, Merilo E. Abscisic acid induces stomatal closure in horsetails. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:513-518. [PMID: 38263706 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
See also the Commentary on this article by Chater, 243: 503–505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Meigas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Benelote Uusküla
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Wuyun T, Niinemets Ü, Hõrak H. Species-specific stomatal ABA responses in juvenile ferns grown from spores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1722-1728. [PMID: 37635267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tana Wuyun
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Gattmann M, McAdam SAM, Birami B, Link R, Nadal-Sala D, Schuldt B, Yakir D, Ruehr NK. Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:252-264. [PMID: 36250901 PMCID: PMC9806622 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cause of reduced leaf-level transpiration under elevated CO2 remains largely elusive. Here, we assessed stomatal, hydraulic, and morphological adjustments in a long-term experiment on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedlings germinated and grown for 22-40 months under elevated (eCO2; c. 860 ppm) or ambient (aCO2; c. 410 ppm) CO2. We assessed if eCO2-triggered reductions in canopy conductance (gc) alter the response to soil or atmospheric drought and are reversible or lasting due to anatomical adjustments by exposing eCO2 seedlings to decreasing [CO2]. To quantify underlying mechanisms, we analyzed leaf abscisic acid (ABA) level, stomatal and leaf morphology, xylem structure, hydraulic efficiency, and hydraulic safety. Effects of eCO2 manifested in a strong reduction in leaf-level gc (-55%) not caused by ABA and not reversible under low CO2 (c. 200 ppm). Stomatal development and size were unchanged, while stomatal density increased (+18%). An increased vein-to-epidermis distance (+65%) suggested a larger leaf resistance to water flow. This was supported by anatomical adjustments of branch xylem having smaller conduits (-8%) and lower conduit lumen fraction (-11%), which resulted in a lower specific conductivity (-19%) and leaf-specific conductivity (-34%). These adaptations to CO2 did not change stomatal sensitivity to soil or atmospheric drought, consistent with similar xylem safety thresholds. In summary, we found reductions of gc under elevated CO2 to be reflected in anatomical adjustments and decreases in hydraulic conductivity. As these water savings were largely annulled by increases in leaf biomass, we do not expect alleviation of drought stress in a high CO2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Gattmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Roman Link
- Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Daniel Nadal-Sala
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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4
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Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Lima VF, Freire FBS, de Souza LP, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Metabolism-mediated mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:296-311. [PMID: 34800300 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent results suggest that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure mechanisms are important to regulate differentially the stomatal speediness between ferns and angiosperms. However, evidence directly linking mesophyll metabolism and the slower stomatal conductance (gs ) in ferns is missing. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose and mannitol on stomatal kinetics and carried out a metabolic fingerprinting analysis of ferns and angiosperms leaves harvested throughout a diel course. Fern stomata did not respond to ABA in the time period analysed. No differences in the relative decrease in gs was observed between ferns and the angiosperm following provision of sucrose or mannitol. However, ferns have slower gs responses to these compounds than angiosperms. Metabolomics analysis highlights that ferns have a higher accumulation of secondary rather than primary metabolites throughout the diel course, with the opposite being observed in angiosperms. Our results indicate that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms, in which the slower stomatal closure in ferns is associated with the lack of ABA-responsiveness, to a reduced capacity to respond to mesophyll-derived sucrose and to a higher carbon allocation toward secondary metabolism, which likely modulates both photosynthesis-gs and growth-stress tolerance trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Valéria F Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Francisco B S Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Leonardo P de Souza
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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5
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Plackett ARG, Emms DM, Kelly S, Hetherington AM, Langdale JA. Conditional stomatal closure in a fern shares molecular features with flowering plant active stomatal responses. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4560-4570.e5. [PMID: 34450089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stomata evolved as plants transitioned from water to land, enabling carbon dioxide uptake and water loss to be controlled. In flowering plants, the most recently divergent land plant lineage, stomatal pores actively close in response to drought. In this response, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) triggers signaling cascades that lead to ion and water loss in the guard cells of the stomatal complex, causing a reduction in turgor and pore closure. Whether this stimulus-response coupling pathway acts in other major land plant lineages is unclear, with some investigations reporting that stomatal closure involves ABA but others concluding that closure is passive. Here, we show that in the model fern Ceratopteris richardii active stomatal closure is conditional on sensitization by pre-exposure to either low humidity or exogenous ABA and is promoted by ABA. RNA-seq analysis and de novo transcriptome assembly reconstructed the protein-coding complement of the C. richardii genome, with coverage comparable to other plant models, enabling transcriptional signatures of stomatal sensitization and closure to be inferred. In both cases, changes in abundance of homologs of ABA, Ca2+, and ROS-related signaling components were observed, suggesting that the closure-response pathway is conserved in ferns and flowering plants. These signatures further suggested that sensitization is achieved by lowering the threshold required for a subsequent closure-inducing signal to trigger a response. We conclude that the canonical signaling network for active stomatal closure functioned in at least a rudimentary form in the stomata of the last common ancestor of ferns and flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R G Plackett
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - David M Emms
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Steven Kelly
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Jane A Langdale
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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6
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Jalakas P, Takahashi Y, Waadt R, Schroeder JI, Merilo E. Molecular mechanisms of stomatal closure in response to rising vapour pressure deficit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:468-475. [PMID: 34197630 PMCID: PMC8455429 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vapour pressure deficit (VPD), the difference between the saturation and actual air vapour pressures, indicates the level of atmospheric drought and evaporative pressure on plants. VPD increases during climate change due to changes in air temperature and relative humidity. Rising VPD induces stomatal closure to counteract the VPD-mediated evaporative water loss from plants. There are important gaps in our understanding of the molecular VPD-sensing and signalling mechanisms in stomatal guard cells. Here, we discuss recent advances, research directions and open questions with respect to the three components that participate in VPD-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis, including: (1) abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and (2) ABA-independent regulation of the protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), and (3) the passive hydraulic stomatal response. In the ABA-dependent component, two models are proposed: ABA may be rapidly synthesised or its basal levels may be involved in the stomatal VPD response. Further studies on stomatal VPD signalling should clarify: (1) whether OST1 activation above basal activity is needed for VPD responses, (2) which components are involved in ABA-independent regulation of OST1, (3) the role of other potential OST1 targets in VPD signalling, and (4) to which extent OST1 contributes to stomatal VPD sensitivity in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirko Jalakas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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7
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Impacts of Canopy and Understory Nitrogen Additions on Stomatal Conductance and Carbon Assimilation of Dominant Tree Species in a Temperate Broadleaved Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Kubásek J, Hájek T, Duckett J, Pressel S, Šantrůček J. Moss stomata do not respond to light and CO 2 concentration but facilitate carbon uptake by sporophytes: a gas exchange, stomatal aperture, and 13 C-labelling study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1815-1828. [PMID: 33458818 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stomata exert control on fluxes of CO2 and water (H2 O) in the majority of vascular plants and thus are pivotal for planetary fluxes of carbon and H2 O. However, in mosses, the significance and possible function of the sporophytic stomata are not well understood, hindering understanding of the ancestral function and evolution of these key structures of land plants. Infrared gas analysis and 13 CO2 labelling, with supporting data from gravimetry and optical and scanning electron microscopy, were used to measure CO2 assimilation and water exchange on young, green, ± fully expanded capsules of 11 moss species with a range of stomatal numbers, distributions, and aperture sizes. Moss sporophytes are effectively homoiohydric. In line with their open fixed apertures, moss stomata, contrary to those in tracheophytes, do not respond to light and CO2 concentration. Whereas the sporophyte cuticle is highly impermeable to gases, stomata are the predominant sites of 13 CO2 entry and H2 O loss in moss sporophytes, and CO2 assimilation is closely linked to total stomatal surface areas. Higher photosynthetic autonomy of moss sporophytes, consequent on the presence of numerous stomata, may have been the key to our understanding of evolution of large, gametophyte-independent sporophytes at the onset of plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760/31, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760/31, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey Duckett
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Silvia Pressel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760/31, Czech Republic
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9
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Cai S, Huang Y, Chen F, Zhang X, Sessa E, Zhao C, Marchant DB, Xue D, Chen G, Dai F, Leebens‐Mack JH, Zhang G, Shabala S, Christie JM, Blatt MR, Nevo E, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Franks PJ, Wu F, Chen Z. Evolution of rapid blue-light response linked to explosive diversification of ferns in angiosperm forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1201-1213. [PMID: 33280113 PMCID: PMC8048903 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ferns appear in the fossil record some 200 Myr before angiosperms. However, as angiosperm-dominated forest canopies emerged in the Cretaceous period there was an explosive diversification of modern (leptosporangiate) ferns, which thrived in low, blue-enhanced light beneath angiosperm canopies. A mechanistic explanation for this transformative event in the diversification of ferns has remained elusive. We used physiological assays, transcriptome analysis and evolutionary bioinformatics to investigate a potential connection between the evolution of enhanced stomatal sensitivity to blue light in modern ferns and the rise of angiosperm-dominated forests in the geological record. We demonstrate that members of the largest subclade of leptosporangiate ferns, Polypodiales, have significantly faster stomatal response to blue light than more ancient fern lineages and a representative angiosperm. We link this higher sensitivity to levels of differentially expressed genes in blue-light signaling, particularly in the cryptochrome (CRY) signaling pathway. Moreover, CRYs of the Polypodiales examined show gene duplication events between 212.9-196.9 and 164.4-151.8 Ma, when angiosperms were emerging, which are lacking in other major clades of extant land plants. These findings suggest that evolution of stomatal blue-light sensitivity helped modern ferns exploit the shady habitat beneath angiosperm forest canopies, fueling their Cretaceous hyperdiversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguan Cai
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Emily Sessa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - D. Blaine Marchant
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Guang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain IndustryCollege of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhou434025China
| | - Fei Dai
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | | | - Guoping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS7004Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane BiologyFoshan UniversityFoshan528041China
| | - John M. Christie
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of EvolutionUniversity of HaifaMount CarmelHaifa34988384Israel
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Peter J. Franks
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Feibo Wu
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhong‐Hua Chen
- School of ScienceWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
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10
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Haworth M, Marino G, Loreto F, Centritto M. Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops. Oecologia 2021; 197:867-883. [PMID: 33515295 PMCID: PMC8591009 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss and CO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. The conductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (the number, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in response to environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty are linked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediated by physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These differences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density—[CO2] relationship between species influence the efficacy of the ‘stomatal method’ that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed. Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the ‘overall picture’ as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Consideration of the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history, plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efficient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haworth
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Marino
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (CNR-DiSBA), National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- ENI-CNR Water Research Center "Hypatia of Alexandria", Research Center Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto, Italy
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11
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McAdam SAM, Sussmilch FC. The evolving role of abscisic acid in cell function and plant development over geological time. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:39-45. [PMID: 32571626 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is found in a wide diversity of organisms, yet we know most about the hormonal action of this compound in the ecologically dominant and economically important angiosperms. In angiosperms, ABA regulates a suite of critical responses from desiccation tolerance through to seed dormancy and stomatal closure. Work exploring the function of key genes in the ABA signalling pathway of angiosperms has revealed that this signal transduction pathway is ancient, yet considerable change in the physiological roles of this hormone have occurred over geological time. With recent advances in our capacity to characterise gene function in non-angiosperms we are on the cusp of revealing the origins of this critical hormonal signalling pathway in plants, and understanding how a simple hormone may have shaped land plant diversity, ecology and adaptation over the past 500 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
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12
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Johansson KSL, El-Soda M, Pagel E, Meyer RC, Tõldsepp K, Nilsson AK, Brosché M, Kollist H, Uddling J, Andersson MX. Genetic controls of short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:179-190. [PMID: 32296835 PMCID: PMC7304471 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The stomatal conductance (gs) of most plant species decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. This response could have a significant impact on plant water use in a future climate. However, the regulation of the CO2-induced stomatal closure response is not fully understood. Moreover, the potential genetic links between short-term (within minutes to hours) and long-term (within weeks to months) responses of gs to increased atmospheric CO2 have not been explored. METHODS We used Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines originating from accessions Col-0 (strong CO2 response) and C24 (weak CO2 response) to study short- and long-term controls of gs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to identify loci controlling short- and long-term gs responses to elevated CO2, as well as other stomata-related traits. KEY RESULTS Short- and long-term stomatal responses to elevated CO2 were significantly correlated. Both short- and long-term responses were associated with a QTL at the end of chromosome 2. The location of this QTL was confirmed using near-isogenic lines and it was fine-mapped to a 410-kb region. The QTL did not correspond to any known gene involved in stomatal closure and had no effect on the responsiveness to abscisic acid. Additionally, we identified numerous other loci associated with stomatal regulation. CONCLUSIONS We identified and confirmed the effect of a strong QTL corresponding to a yet unknown regulator of stomatal closure in response to elevated CO2 concentration. The correlation between short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses and the genetic link between these traits highlight the importance of understanding guard cell CO2 signalling to predict and manipulate plant water use in a world with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This study demonstrates the power of using natural variation to unravel the genetic regulation of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S L Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ellen Pagel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhonda C Meyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Kadri Tõldsepp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Kübarsepp L, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü, Talts E, Tosens T. Are stomata in ferns and allies sluggish? Stomatal responses to CO 2 , humidity and light and their scaling with size and density. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:183-195. [PMID: 31479517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast stomatal reactions enable plants to successfully cope with a constantly changing environment yet there is an ongoing debate on the stomatal regulation mechanisms in basal plant groups. We measured stomatal morphological parameters in 29 fern and allied species from temperate to tropical biomes and two outgroup angiosperm species. Stomatal dynamic responses to environmental drivers were measured in 16 ferns and the two angiosperms using a gas-exchange system. Principal components analyses were used to further reveal the structure-function relationships in stomata. We show a > 10-fold variation for stomatal opening delays and 20-fold variation for stomatal closing delays in ferns. Across species, stomatal responses to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were the fastest, while light and [CO2 ] responses were slower. In most cases the outgroup species' reaction speeds to changes in environmental variables were similar to those of ferns. Correlations between stomatal response rate and size were apparent for stomatal opening in light and low [CO2 ] while not evident for closing reactions and changes in VPD. No correlations between stomatal density and response speed were observed. Together, this study demonstrates different mechanisms controlling stomatal reactions in ferns at different environmental stimuli, which should be considered in future studies relating stomatal morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kübarsepp
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
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14
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Buckley TN. How do stomata respond to water status? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:21-36. [PMID: 31069803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal responses to humidity, soil moisture and other factors that influence plant water status are critical drivers of photosynthesis, productivity, water yield, ecohydrology and climate forcing, yet we still lack a thorough mechanistic understanding of these responses. Here I review historical and recent advances in stomatal water relations. Clear evidence now implicates a metabolically mediated response to leaf water status ('hydroactive feedback') in stomatal responses to evaporative demand and soil drought, possibly involving abscisic acid production in leaves. Other hypothetical mechanisms involving vapor and heat transport within leaves may contribute to humidity, light and temperature responses, but require further theoretical clarification and experimental validation. Variation and dynamics in hydraulic conductance, particularly within leaves, may contribute to water status responses. Continuing research to fully resolve mechanisms of stomatal responses to water status should focus on several areas: validating and quantifying the mechanism of leaf-based hydroactive feedback, identifying where in leaves water status is actively sensed, clarifying the role of leaf vapor and energy transport in humidity and temperature responses, and verifying foundational but minimally replicated results of stomatal hydromechanics across species. Clarity on these matters promises to deliver modelers with a tractable and reliable mechanistic model of stomatal responses to water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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15
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Lima VF, Anjos LD, Medeiros DB, Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Souza LP, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. The sucrose-to-malate ratio correlates with the faster CO 2 and light stomatal responses of angiosperms compared to ferns. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1873-1887. [PMID: 31099898 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal responses to environmental signals differ substantially between ferns and angiosperms. However, the mechanisms that lead to such different responses remain unclear. Here we investigated the extent to which leaf metabolism contributes to coordinate the differential stomatal behaviour among ferns and angiosperms. Stomata from all species were responsive to light and CO2 transitions. However, fern stomatal responses were slower and minor in both absolute and relative terms. Angiosperms have higher stomatal density, but this is not correlated with speed of stomatal closure. The metabolic responses throughout the diel course and under different CO2 conditions differ substantially among ferns and angiosperms. Higher sucrose content and an increased sucrose-to-malate ratio during high CO2 -induced stomatal closure was observed in angiosperms compared to ferns. Furthermore, the speed of stomatal closure was positively and negatively correlated with sugars and organic acids, respectively, suggesting that the balance between sugars and organic acids aids in explaining the faster stomatal responses of angiosperms. Our results suggest that mesophyll-derived metabolic signals, especially those associated with sucrose and malate, may also be important to modulate the differential stomatal behaviour between ferns and angiosperms, providing important new information that helps in understanding the metabolism-mediated mechanisms regulating stomatal movements across land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria F Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60451-970, Brasil
| | - Letícia Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60451-970, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, 37200-000, Brasil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60451-970, Brasil
| | - Leonardo P Souza
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Jorge Gago
- Grupo de Biología de las Plantas en Condiciones Mediterráneas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de las Islas Baleares/Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Islas Baleares, España
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60451-970, Brasil
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16
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Grantz DA, Linscheid BS, Grulke NE. Differential responses of stomatal kinetics and steady-state conductance to abscisic acid in a fern: comparison with a gymnosperm and an angiosperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1883-1892. [PMID: 30740702 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Origins of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated metabolic control of stomatal conductance have been suggested to be recent, based on a gradualistic model of stomatal evolution. In ferns, steady-state stomatal conductance (gs ) was unresponsive to ABA in some studies, supporting this model. Stomatal kinetic responses to ABA have not been considered. We used dynamic gas exchange methods to characterise half times of stomatal opening and closing in response to step changes in light, across a range of ABA exposures in three diverse taxa. All taxa had asymmetric kinetics, with closure slower than opening in fern and cedar, but faster than opening in soybean. Closing was fastest in soybean but opening was slowest. Stomatal kinetics, particularly for closure, responded to ABA in all three taxa. Steady-state gs did not respond significantly to ABA in fern or cedar but responded strongly in soybean. Stomatal kinetics were responsive to ABA in fern. This finding supports a contrasting, single origin model, with ABA-mediated regulation of stomata arising early, in conjunction with stomata themselves. Stomatal kinetics are underutilised. Differential responses of opening and closing rates to environmental and hormonal stimuli may provide insights into phylogeny and stomatal regulatory strategies with potential application to selection for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Grantz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California at Riverside, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Brandon S Linscheid
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California at Riverside, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Nancy E Grulke
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Bend, OR, 97702, USA
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17
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Gimeno TE, Saavedra N, Ogée J, Medlyn BE, Wingate L. A novel optimization approach incorporating non-stomatal limitations predicts stomatal behaviour in species from six plant functional types. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1639-1651. [PMID: 30715494 PMCID: PMC6411372 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of stomata is to minimize plant water loss while maintaining CO2 assimilation. Stomatal water loss incurs an indirect cost to photosynthesis in the form of non-stomatal limitations (NSL) via reduced carboxylation capacity (CAP) and/or mesophyll conductance (MES). Two optimal formulations for stomatal conductance (gs) arise from the assumption of each type of NSL. In reality, both NSL could coexist, but one may prevail for a given leaf ontogenetic stage or plant functional type, depending on leaf morphology. We tested the suitability of two gs formulations (CAP versus MES) on species from six plant functional types (C4 crop, C3 grass, fern, conifer, evergreen, and deciduous angiosperm trees). MES and CAP parameters (the latter proportional to the marginal water cost to carbon gain) decreased with water availability only in deciduous angiosperm trees, while there were no clear differences between leaf ontogenetic stages. Both CAP and MES formulations fit our data in most cases, particularly under low water availability. For ferns, stomata appeared to operate optimally only when subjected to water stress. Overall, the CAP formulation provided a better fit across all species, suggesting that sub-daily stomatal responses minimize NSL by reducing carboxylation capacity predominantly, regardless of leaf morphology and ontogenetic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Gimeno
- INRA, UMR ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Noelia Saavedra
- INRA, UMR ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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18
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Hu Y, Zhao P, Zhu L, Zhao X, Ni G, Ouyang L, Schäfer KVR, Shen W. Responses of sap flux and intrinsic water use efficiency to canopy and understory nitrogen addition in a temperate broadleaved deciduous forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:325-336. [PMID: 30121032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could profoundly impact structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, we conducted a two-year (2014-2015) experiment to assess the responses of tree sap flux density (Js) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of dominant tree species (Liquidambar formosana, Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis) to increased N deposition at a manipulative experiment with canopy and understory N addition in a deciduous broadleaved forest. Five treatments were administered including N addition of 25 kg ha-1 year-1 and 50 kg ha-1 year-1 onto canopy (C25 and C50) and understory (U25 and U50), and control treatment (CK, without N addition). Our results showed neither canopy nor understory N addition had an impact on leaf N content and C:N ratio (P > 0.05). Due to the distinct influencing ways, canopy and understory N addition generated different impacts on Js and WUEi of the dominant tree species. Canopy N addition increased WUEi of Q. variabilis, whereas understory addition treatment had a minimal impact on WUEi. Both N additions did not exert impacts on WUEi of L. formosana and Q. acutissima. Canopy N addition exerted negative impacts on Js and its sensitivity to micrometeorological factors of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis in 2014, while understory addition showed no effect. Neither canopy nor understory N addition had an influence on Js of L. formosana in 2014. Probably owing to the increased soil acidification as the experiment proceeded, Js of L. formosana and Q. variabilis was decreased by understory N addition while canopy addition had a minimal effect in 2015. Thus, the traditional understory addition approach could not fully reflect the effects of increased N deposition on the canopy-associated transpiration process indicated by the different responses of Js and WUEi to canopy and understory N addition, and exaggerated its influences induced by the variation of soil chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Road Xingke 723, District Tianhe, Guangzhou 510650, China
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19
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Voss LJ, McAdam SAM, Knoblauch M, Rathje JM, Brodribb T, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Guard cells in fern stomata are connected by plasmodesmata, but control cytosolic Ca 2+ levels autonomously. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:206-215. [PMID: 29655174 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that some responses of fern stomata to environmental signals differ from those of their relatives in seed plants. However, it is unknown whether the biophysical properties of guard cells differ fundamentally between species of both clades. Intracellular micro-electrodes and the fluorescent Ca2+ reporter FURA2 were used to study voltage-dependent cation channels and Ca2+ signals in guard cells of the ferns Polypodium vulgare and Asplenium scolopendrium. Voltage clamp experiments with fern guard cells revealed similar properties of voltage-dependent K+ channels as found in seed plants. However, fluorescent dyes moved within the fern stomata, from one guard cell to the other, which does not occur in most seed plants. Despite the presence of plasmodesmata, which interconnect fern guard cells, Ca2+ signals could be elicited in each of the cells individually. Based on the common properties of voltage-dependent channels in ferns and seed plants, it is likely that these key transport proteins are conserved in vascular plants. However, the symplastic connections between fern guard cells in mature stomata indicate that the biophysical mechanisms that control stomatal movements differ between ferns and seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Voss
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Jan M Rathje
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Brodribb
- School of Biological Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Xiong D, Douthe C, Flexas J. Differential coordination of stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and leaf hydraulic conductance in response to changing light across species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:436-450. [PMID: 29220546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs ) and mesophyll conductance (gm ) represent major constraints to photosynthetic rate (A), and these traits are expected to coordinate with leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) across species, under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. However, empirical information about their coordination is scarce. In this study, Kleaf , gas exchange, stomatal kinetics, and leaf anatomy in 10 species including ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms were investigated to elucidate the correlation of H2 O and CO2 diffusion inside leaves under varying light conditions. Gas exchange, Kleaf , and anatomical traits varied widely across species. Under light-saturated conditions, the A, gs , gm , and Kleaf were strongly correlated across species. However, the response patterns of A, gs , gm , and Kleaf to varying light intensities were highly species dependent. Moreover, stomatal opening upon light exposure of dark-adapted leaves in the studied ferns and gymnosperms was generally faster than in the angiosperms; however, stomatal closing in light-adapted leaves after darkening was faster in angiosperms. The present results show that there is a large variability in the coordination of leaf hydraulic and gas exchange parameters across terrestrial plant species, as well as in their responses to changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
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21
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Lima VF, Medeiros DB, Dos Anjos L, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Toward multifaceted roles of sucrose in the regulation of stomatal movement. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1494468. [PMID: 30067434 PMCID: PMC6149408 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1494468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant atmospheric CO2 fixation depends on the aperture of stomatal pores at the leaf epidermis. Stomatal aperture or closure is regulated by changes in the metabolism of the two surrounding guard cells, which respond directly to environmental and internal cues such as mesophyll-derived metabolites. Sucrose has been shown to play a dual role during stomatal movements. The sucrose produced in the mesophyll cells can be transported to the vicinity of the guard cells via the transpiration stream, inducing closure in periods of high photosynthetic rate. By contrast, sucrose breakdown within guard cells sustains glycolysis and glutamine biosynthesis during light-induced stomatal opening. Here, we provide an update regarding the role of sucrose in the regulation of stomatal movement highlighting recent findings from metabolic and systems biology studies. We further explore how sucrose-mediated mechanisms of stomatal movement regulation could be useful to understand evolution of stomatal physiology among different plant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. F. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
- CONTACT Danilo M. Daloso Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - D. B. Medeiros
- Central metabolism group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - L. Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brasil
| | - J. Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions. Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears)/Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Illes Balears, Spain
| | - A. R. Fernie
- Central metabolism group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - D. M. Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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22
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Shtein I, Popper ZA, Harpaz-Saad S. Permanently open stomata of aquatic angiosperms display modified cellulose crystallinity patterns. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1339858. [PMID: 28718691 PMCID: PMC5586356 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1339858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Most floating aquatic plants have stomata on their upper leaf surfaces, and usually their stomata are permanently open. We previously identified 3 distinct crystallinity patterns in stomatal cell walls, with angiosperm kidney-shaped stomata having the highest crystallinity in the polar end walls as well as the adjacent polar regions of the guard cells. A numerical bio-mechanical model suggested that the high crystallinity areas are localized to regions where the highest stress is imposed. Here, stomatal cell wall crystallinity was examined in 4 floating plants from 2 different taxa: basal angiosperms from the ANITA grade and monocots. It appears that the non-functional stomata of floating plants display reduced crystallinity in the polar regions as compared with high crystallinity of the ventral (inner) walls. Thus their guard cells are both less flexible and less stress resistant. Our findings suggest that the pattern of cellulose crystallinity in stomata of floating plants from different families was altered as a consequence of similar evolutionary pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Shtein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zoë A. Popper
- Botany and Plant Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- CONTACT Smadar Harpaz-Saad Plant Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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23
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Becklin KM, Walker SM, Way DA, Ward JK. CO 2 studies remain key to understanding a future world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:34-40. [PMID: 27891618 PMCID: PMC5329069 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Contents 34 I. 34 II. 36 III. 37 IV. 37 V. 38 38 References 38 SUMMARY: Characterizing plant responses to past, present and future changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2 ]) is critical for understanding and predicting the consequences of global change over evolutionary and ecological timescales. Previous CO2 studies have provided great insights into the effects of rising [CO2 ] on leaf-level gas exchange, carbohydrate dynamics and plant growth. However, scaling CO2 effects across biological levels, especially in field settings, has proved challenging. Moreover, many questions remain about the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving plant responses to [CO2 ] and other global change factors. Here we discuss three examples of topics in which significant questions in CO2 research remain unresolved: (1) mechanisms of CO2 effects on plant developmental transitions; (2) implications of rising [CO2 ] for integrated plant-water dynamics and drought tolerance; and (3) CO2 effects on symbiotic interactions and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. Addressing these and other key questions in CO2 research will require collaborations across scientific disciplines and new approaches that link molecular mechanisms to complex physiological and ecological interactions across spatiotemporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Becklin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas University, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - S. Michael Walker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas University, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Danielle A. Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joy K. Ward
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas University, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Sussmilch FC, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:240-260. [PMID: 28093875 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA-mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior to the divergence of bryophyte and vascular plant lineages. In contrast, a gradualistic model for stomatal control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Shtein I, Shelef Y, Marom Z, Zelinger E, Schwartz A, Popper ZA, Bar-On B, Harpaz-Saad S. Stomatal cell wall composition: distinctive structural patterns associated with different phylogenetic groups. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:1021-1033. [PMID: 28158449 PMCID: PMC5604698 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Stomatal morphology and function have remained largely conserved throughout ∼400 million years of plant evolution. However, plant cell wall composition has evolved and changed. Here stomatal cell wall composition was investigated in different vascular plant groups in attempt to understand their possible effect on stomatal function. Methods A renewed look at stomatal cell walls was attempted utilizing digitalized polar microscopy, confocal microscopy, histology and a numerical finite-elements simulation. The six species of vascular plants chosen for this study cover a broad structural, ecophysiological and evolutionary spectrum: ferns ( Asplenium nidus and Platycerium bifurcatum ) and angiosperms ( Arabidopsis thaliana and Commelina erecta ) with kidney-shaped stomata, and grasses (angiosperms, family Poaceae) with dumbbell-shaped stomata ( Sorghum bicolor and Triticum aestivum ). Key Results Three distinct patterns of cellulose crystallinity in stomatal cell walls were observed: Type I (kidney-shaped stomata, ferns), Type II (kidney-shaped stomata, angiosperms) and Type III (dumbbell-shaped stomata, grasses). The different stomatal cell wall attributes investigated (cellulose crystallinity, pectins, lignin, phenolics) exhibited taxon-specific patterns, with reciprocal substitution of structural elements in the end-walls of kidney-shaped stomata. According to a numerical bio-mechanical model, the end walls of kidney-shaped stomata develop the highest stresses during opening. Conclusions The data presented demonstrate for the first time the existence of distinct spatial patterns of varying cellulose crystallinity in guard cell walls. It is also highly intriguing that in angiosperms crystalline cellulose appears to have replaced lignin that occurs in the stomatal end-walls of ferns serving a similar wall strengthening function. Such taxon-specific spatial patterns of cell wall components could imply different biomechanical functions, which in turn could be a consequence of differences in environmental selection along the course of plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Shtein
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaniv Shelef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ziv Marom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The Interdepartmental Equipment Unit, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Amnon Schwartz
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zoë A. Popper
- Botany and Plant Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Benny Bar-On
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Tardieu F. Too many partners in root-shoot signals. Does hydraulics qualify as the only signal that feeds back over time for reliable stomatal control? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:802-804. [PMID: 27874989 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, INRA, Place Viala, Montpellier, F-34060, France
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Plackett ARG, Coates JC. Life's a beach - the colonization of the terrestrial environment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:831-835. [PMID: 27874985 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R G Plackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Juliet C Coates
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Chaves MM, Costa JM, Zarrouk O, Pinheiro C, Lopes CM, Pereira JS. Controlling stomatal aperture in semi-arid regions-The dilemma of saving water or being cool? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 251:54-64. [PMID: 27593463 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal regulation of leaf gas exchange with the atmosphere is a key process in plant adaptation to the environment, particularly in semi-arid regions with high atmospheric evaporative demand. Development of stomata, integrating internal signaling and environmental cues sets the limit for maximum diffusive capacity of stomata, through size and density and is under a complex genetic control, thus providing multiple levels of regulation. Operational stomatal conductance to water vapor and CO2 results from feed-back and/or feed-forward mechanisms and is the end-result of a plethora of signals originated in leaves and/or in roots at each moment. CO2 assimilation versus water vapor loss, proposed to be the subject of optimal regulation, is species dependent and defines the water use efficiency (WUE). WUE has been a topic of intense research involving areas from genetics to physiology. In crop plants, especially in semi-arid regions, the question that arises is how the compromise of reducing transpiration to save water will impact on plant performance through leaf temperature. Indeed, plant transpiration by providing evaporative cooling, is a major component of the leaf energy balance. In this paper we discuss the dilemma of 'saving water or being cool' bringing about recent findings from molecular genetics, to development and physiology of stomata. The question of 'how relevant is screening for high/low WUE in crops for semi-arid regions, where drought and heat co-occur' is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Chaves
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, ITQBNOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - J M Costa
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, ITQBNOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - O Zarrouk
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, ITQBNOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Pinheiro
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, ITQBNOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - C M Lopes
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J S Pereira
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
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Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R. Do stomata of evolutionary distant species differ in sensitivity to environmental signals? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:767-770. [PMID: 27397524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
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