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Piotrowska J, Niemiro A, Sieńko M, Olszak M, Salamaga H, Wawrzyńska A, Sirko A. Generation and characterization of single and multigene Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in LSU1-4 (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112063. [PMID: 38467282 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are four members of the LSU (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) gene family which are tandemly located on chromosomes 3 (LSU1 and LSU3) and 5 (LSU2 and LSU4). The LSU proteins are small, with coiled-coil structures, and they are able to form homo- and heterodimers. LSUs are involved in plant responses to environmental challenges, such as sulfur deficiency, and plant immune responses. Assessment of the role and function of these proteins was challenging due to the absence of deletion mutants. Our work fulfills this gap through the construction of a set of LSU deletion mutants (single, double, triple, and quadruple) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The genomic deletion regions in the obtained lines were mapped and the level of expression of each LSUs was assayed in each mutant. All lines were viable and capable of seed production. Their growth and development were compared at several different stages with the wild-type. No significant and consistent differences in seedlings' growth and plant development were observed in the optimal conditions. In sulfur deficiency, the roots of 12-day-old wild-type seedlings exhibited increased length compared to optimal conditions; however, this difference in root length was not observed in the majority of lsu-KO mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piotrowska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Anna Niemiro
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marzena Sieńko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marcin Olszak
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Hubert Salamaga
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Anna Wawrzyńska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
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Miyaji S, Ito T, Kitaiwa T, Nishizono K, Agake SI, Harata H, Aoyama H, Umahashi M, Sato M, Inaba J, Fushinobu S, Yokoyama T, Maruyama-Nakashita A, Hirai MY, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. N 2-Acetylornithine deacetylase functions as a Cys-Gly dipeptidase in the cytosolic glutathione degradation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1603-1618. [PMID: 38441834 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is required for various physiological processes in plants, including redox regulation and detoxification of harmful compounds. GSH also functions as a repository for assimilated sulfur and is actively catabolized in plants. In Arabidopsis, GSH is mainly degraded initially by cytosolic enzymes, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase, and γ-glutamyl peptidase, which release cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly). However, the subsequent enzyme responsible for catabolizing this dipeptide has not been identified to date. In the present study, we identified At4g17830 as a Cys-Gly dipeptidase, namely cysteinylglycine peptidase 1 (CGP1). CGP1 complemented the phenotype of the yeast mutant that cannot degrade Cys-Gly. The Arabidopsis cgp1 mutant had lower Cys-Gly degradation activity than the wild type and showed perturbed concentrations of thiol compounds. Recombinant CGP1 showed reasonable Cys-Gly degradation activity in vitro. Metabolomic analysis revealed that cgp1 exhibited signs of severe sulfur deficiency, such as elevated accumulation of O-acetylserine (OAS) and the decrease in sulfur-containing metabolites. Morphological changes observed in cgp1, including longer primary roots of germinating seeds, were also likely associated with sulfur starvation. Notably, At4g17830 has previously been reported to encode an N2-acetylornithine deacetylase (NAOD) that functions in the ornithine biosynthesis. The cgp1 mutant did not show a decrease in ornithine content, whereas the analysis of CGP1 structure did not rule out the possibility that CGP1 has Cys-Gly dipeptidase and NAOD activities. Therefore, we propose that CGP1 is a Cys-Gly dipeptidase that functions in the cytosolic GSH degradation pathway and may play dual roles in GSH and ornithine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyaji
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitaiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishizono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Agake
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Harata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haruna Aoyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Minori Umahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Inaba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Zhu C, Yu H, Lu T, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Q. Deep learning-based association analysis of root image data and cucumber yield. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:696-716. [PMID: 38193347 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The root system is important for the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Cultivating and selecting a root system architecture (RSA) with good adaptability and ultrahigh productivity have become the primary goals of agricultural improvement. Exploring the correlation between the RSA and crop yield is important for cultivating crop varieties with high-stress resistance and productivity. In this study, 277 cucumber varieties were collected for root system image analysis and yield using germination plates and greenhouse cultivation. Deep learning tools were used to train ResNet50 and U-Net models for image classification and segmentation of seedlings and to perform quality inspection and productivity prediction of cucumber seedling root system images. The results showed that U-Net can automatically extract cucumber root systems with high quality (F1_score ≥ 0.95), and the trained ResNet50 can predict cucumber yield grade through seedling root system image, with the highest F1_score reaching 0.86 using 10-day-old seedlings. The root angle had the strongest correlation with yield, and the shallow- and steep-angle frequencies had significant positive and negative correlations with yield, respectively. RSA and nutrient absorption jointly affected the production capacity of cucumber plants. The germination plate planting method and automated root system segmentation model used in this study are convenient for high-throughput phenotypic (HTP) research on root systems. Moreover, using seedling root system images to predict yield grade provides a new method for rapidly breeding high-yield RSA in crops such as cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Apodiakou A, Alseekh S, Hoefgen R, Whitcomb SJ. Overexpression of SLIM1 transcription factor accelerates vegetative development in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1327152. [PMID: 38571711 PMCID: PMC10988502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1327152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sulfur Limitation 1 (SLIM1) belongs to the plant-specific Ethylene Insenstive3-Like transcription factor family and is known to coordinate gene expression in response to sulfur deficiency. However, the roles of SLIM1 in nutrient-sufficient conditions have not been characterized. Employing constitutive SLIM1 overexpression (35S::SLIM1) and CRISPR/Cas9 mutant plants (slim1-cr), we identified several distinct phenotypes in nutrient-sufficient conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of SLIM1 results in plants with approximately twofold greater rosette area throughout vegetative development. 35S::SLIM1 plants also bolt earlier and exhibit earlier downregulation of photosynthesis-associated genes and earlier upregulation of senescence-associated genes than Col-0 and slim1-cr plants. This suggests that overexpression of SLIM1 accelerates development in A. thaliana. Genome-wide differential gene expression analysis relative to Col-0 at three time points with slim1-cr and two 35S::SLIM1 lines allowed us to identify 1,731 genes regulated directly or indirectly by SLIM1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Apodiakou
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah J. Whitcomb
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, United States
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Zhang L, Sun W, Gao W, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Chen T, Yang D. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the GGCT gene family in wheat. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:32. [PMID: 38177998 PMCID: PMC10768367 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme to maintain glutathione homeostasis, plays a vital role in the response to plant growth and development as well as the adaptation to various stresses. Although the GGCT gene family analysis has been conducted in Arabidopsis and rice, the family genes have not yet been well identified and analyzed at the genome-wide level in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RESULTS In the present study, 20 TaGGCT genes were identified in the wheat genome and widely distributed on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7A, 7B, and 7D. Phylogenetic and structural analyses showed that these TaGGCT genes could be classified into three subfamilies: ChaC, GGGACT, and GGCT-PS. They exhibited similar motif compositions and distribution patterns in the same subgroup. Gene duplication analysis suggested that the expansion of TaGGCT family genes was facilitated by segmental duplications and tandem repeats in the wheat evolutionary events. Identification of diverse cis-acting response elements in TaGGCT promoters indicated their potential fundamental roles in response to plant development and abiotic stresses. The analysis of transcriptome data combined with RT-qPCR results revealed that the TaGGCTs genes exhibited ubiquitous expression across plant organs, with highly expressed in roots, stems, and developing grains. Most TaGGCT genes were up-regulated after 6 h under 20% PEG6000 and ABA treatments. Association analysis revealed that two haplotypes of TaGGCT20 gene displayed significantly different Thousand-kernel weight (TKW), Kernel length (KL), and Kernel width (KW) in wheat. The geographical and annual distribution of the two haplotypes of TaGGCT20 gene further revealed that the frequency of the favorable haplotype TaGGCT20-Hap-I was positively selected in the historical breeding process of wheat. CONCLUSION This study investigated the genome-wide identification, structure, evolution, and expression analysis of TaGGCT genes in wheat. The motifs of TaGGCTs were highly conserved throughout the evolutionary history of wheat. Most TaGGCT genes were highly expressed in roots, stems, and developing grains, and involved in the response to drought stresses. Two haplotypes were developed in the TaGGCT20 gene, where TaGGCT20-Hap-I, as a favorable haplotype, was significantly associated with higher TKW, KL, and KW in wheat, suggesting that the haplotype is used as a function marker for the selection in grain yield in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wanting Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Weidong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Delong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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Singh G, Le H, Ablordeppey K, Long S, Minocha R, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1 (CsGGCT2;1) reduces arsenic toxicity and accumulation in Camelina sativa (L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:14. [PMID: 38135793 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpressing CsGGCT2;1 in Camelina enhances arsenic tolerance, reducing arsenic accumulation by 40-60%. Genetically modified Camelina can potentially thrive on contaminated lands and help safeguard food quality and sustainable food and biofuel production. Environmental arsenic contamination is a serious global issue that adversely affects human health and diminishes the quality of harvested produce. Glutathione (GSH) is known to bind and detoxify arsenic and other toxic metals. A steady level of GSH is maintained within cells via the γ-glutamyl cycle. The γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCTs) have previously been shown to be involved in GSH degradation and increased tolerance to toxic metals in plants. In this study, we characterized the GGCT2;1 homolog from Camelina sativa for its role in arsenic tolerance and accumulation. Overexpression of CsGGCT2;1 in Camelina under CaMV35S constitutive promoter resulted in strong tolerance to arsenite (AsIII). The overexpression (OE) lines had 2.6-3.5-fold higher shoots and sevenfold to tenfold enhanced root biomass on media supplemented with AsIII, relative to wild-type plants. The CsGGCT2;1 OE lines accumulated 40-60% less arsenic in root and shoot tissues compared to wild-type plants. Further, the OE lines had ~ twofold higher chlorophyll content and 35% lesser levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of membrane damage via lipid peroxidation. There was a slight but non-significant increase in 5-oxoproline (5-OP), a product of GSH degradation, in OE lines. However, the transcript levels of Oxoprolinase 1 (OXP1) were upregulated, indicating the accelerated conversion of 5-OP to glutamate, which is further utilized for the resynthesis of GSH to maintain GSH homeostasis. Overall, this research suggests that genetically modified Camelina may have the potential for cultivation on contaminated marginal lands to reduce As accumulation; thereby could help in addressing food safety issues as well as future food and biofuel needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpal Singh
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Helen Le
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kenny Ablordeppey
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Long
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Rakesh Minocha
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Soto-Cerda BJ, Larama G, Cloutier S, Fofana B, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Aravena G. The Genetic Dissection of Nitrogen Use-Related Traits in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) at the Seedling Stage through the Integration of Multi-Locus GWAS, RNA-seq and Genomic Selection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17624. [PMID: 38139451 PMCID: PMC10743809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), the most important macro-nutrient for plant growth and development, is a key factor that determines crop yield. Yet its excessive applications pollute the environment and are expensive. Hence, studying nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops is fundamental for sustainable agriculture. Here, an association panel consisting of 123 flax accessions was evaluated for 21 NUE-related traits at the seedling stage under optimum N (N+) and N deficiency (N-) treatments to dissect the genetic architecture of NUE-related traits using a multi-omics approach integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptome analysis and genomic selection (GS). Root traits exhibited significant and positive correlations with NUE under N- conditions (r = 0.33 to 0.43, p < 0.05). A total of 359 QTLs were identified, accounting for 0.11% to 23.1% of the phenotypic variation in NUE-related traits. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1034 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under contrasting N conditions. DEGs involved in N metabolism, root development, amino acid transport and catabolism and others, were found near the QTLs. GS models to predict NUE stress tolerance index (NUE_STI) trait were tested using a random genome-wide SNP dataset and a GWAS-derived QTLs dataset. The latter produced superior prediction accuracy (r = 0.62 to 0.79) compared to the genome-wide SNP marker dataset (r = 0.11) for NUE_STI. Our results provide insights into the QTL architecture of NUE-related traits, identify candidate genes for further studies, and propose genomic breeding tools to achieve superior NUE in flax under low N input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio J. Soto-Cerda
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (C.I.-B.); (G.A.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;
| | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (C.I.-B.); (G.A.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Gabriela Aravena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (C.I.-B.); (G.A.)
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Ahmad N, Ibrahim S, Kuang L, Ze T, Wang X, Wang H, Dun X. Integrating genome-wide association study with transcriptomic data to predict candidate genes influencing Brassica napus root and biomass-related traits under low phosphorus conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:149. [PMID: 37789456 PMCID: PMC10548562 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an essential source of edible oil and livestock feed, as well as a promising source of biofuel. Breeding crops with an ideal root system architecture (RSA) for high phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is an effective way to reduce the use of phosphate fertilizers. However, the genetic mechanisms that underpin PUE in rapeseed remain elusive. To address this, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 327 rapeseed accessions to elucidate the genetic variability of 13 root and biomass traits under low phosphorus (LP; 0.01 mM P +). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing was performed in root among high/low phosphorus efficient groups (HP1/LP1) and high/low phosphorus stress tolerance groups (HP2/LP2) at two-time points under control and P-stress conditions. RESULTS Significant variations were observed in all measured traits, with heritabilities ranging from 0.47 to 0.72, and significant correlations were found between most of the traits. There were 39 significant trait-SNP associations and 31 suggestive associations, which integrated into 11 valid quantitative trait loci (QTL) clusters, explaining 4.24-24.43% of the phenotypic variance observed. In total, RNA-seq identified 692, 1076, 648, and 934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under P-stress and control conditions, respectively, while 761 and 860 DEGs common for HP1/LP1 and HP2/LP2 under both conditions. An integrated approach of GWAS, weighted co-expression network, and differential expression analysis identified 12 genes associated with root growth and development under LP stress. In this study, six genes (BnaA04g23490D, BnaA09g08440D, BnaA09g04320D, BnaA09g04350D, BnaA09g04930D, BnaA09g09290D) that showed differential expression were identified as promising candidate genes for the target traits. CONCLUSION 11 QTL clusters and 12 candidate genes associated with root and development under LP stress were identified in this study. Our study's phenotypic and genetic information may be exploited for genetic improvement of root traits to increase PUE in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, College of Physical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, 700006, Nigeria
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tian Ze
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Fehér A. A Common Molecular Signature Indicates the Pre-Meristematic State of Plant Calli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13122. [PMID: 37685925 PMCID: PMC10488067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to different degrees of mechanical injury, certain plant cells re-enter the division cycle to provide cells for tissue replenishment, tissue rejoining, de novo organ formation, and/or wound healing. The intermediate tissue formed by the dividing cells is called a callus. Callus formation can also be induced artificially in vitro by wounding and/or hormone (auxin and cytokinin) treatments. The callus tissue can be maintained in culture, providing starting material for de novo organ or embryo regeneration and thus serving as the basis for many plant biotechnology applications. Due to the biotechnological importance of callus cultures and the scientific interest in the developmental flexibility of somatic plant cells, the initial molecular steps of callus formation have been studied in detail. It was revealed that callus initiation can follow various ways, depending on the organ from which it develops and the inducer, but they converge on a seemingly identical tissue. It is not known, however, if callus is indeed a special tissue with a defined gene expression signature, whether it is a malformed meristem, or a mass of so-called "undifferentiated" cells, as is mostly believed. In this paper, I review the various mechanisms of plant regeneration that may converge on callus initiation. I discuss the role of plant hormones in the detour of callus formation from normal development. Finally, I compare various Arabidopsis gene expression datasets obtained a few days, two weeks, or several years after callus induction and identify 21 genes, including genes of key transcription factors controlling cell division and differentiation in meristematic regions, which were upregulated in all investigated callus samples. I summarize the information available on all 21 genes that point to the pre-meristematic nature of callus tissues underlying their wide regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 62 Temesvári Körút, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; or
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52 Közép Fasor, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Apodiakou A, Hoefgen R. New insights into the regulation of plant metabolism by O-acetylserine: sulfate and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3361-3378. [PMID: 37025061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of sulfur deprivation, O-acetylserine (OAS) accumulates, which leads to the induction of a common set of six genes, called OAS cluster genes. These genes are induced not only under sulfur deprivation, but also under other conditions where OAS accumulates, such as shift to darkness and stress conditions leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or methyl-jasmonate accumulation. Using the OAS cluster genes as a query in ATTED-II, a co-expression network is derived stably spanning several hundred conditions. This allowed us not only to describe the downstream function of the OAS cluster genes but also to score for functions of the members of the co-regulated co-expression network and hence the effects of the OAS signal on the sulfate assimilation pathway and co-regulated pathways. Further, we summarized existing knowledge on the regulation of the OAS cluster and the co-expressed genes. We revealed that the known sulfate deprivation-related transcription factor EIL3/SLIM1 exhibits a prominent role, as most genes are subject to regulation by this transcription factor. The role of other transcription factors in response to OAS awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Apodiakou
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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11
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Ito T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Degradation of glutathione and glutathione conjugates in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3313-3327. [PMID: 36651789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, abundant, and indispensable thiol for plants that participates in various biological processes, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, storage and transport of sulfur, detoxification of harmful substances, and metabolism of several compounds. Therefore knowledge of GSH metabolism is essential for plant science. Nevertheless, GSH degradation has been insufficiently elucidated, and this has hampered our understanding of plant life. Over the last five decades, the γ-glutamyl cycle has been dominant in GSH studies, and the exoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase has been regarded as the major GSH degradation enzyme. However, recent studies have shown that GSH is degraded in cells by cytosolic enzymes such as γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase or γ-glutamyl peptidase. Meanwhile, a portion of GSH is degraded after conjugation with other molecules, which has also been found to be carried out by vacuolar γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, γ-glutamyl peptidase, or phytochelatin synthase. These findings highlight the need to re-assess previous assumptions concerning the γ-glutamyl cycle, and a novel overview of the plant GSH degradation pathway is essential. This review aims to build a foundation for future studies by summarizing current understanding of GSH/glutathione conjugate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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12
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Dard A, Weiss A, Bariat L, Auverlot J, Fontaine V, Picault N, Pontvianne F, Riondet C, Reichheld JP. Glutathione-mediated thermomorphogenesis and heat stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2707-2725. [PMID: 36715641 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, the global rise of temperature and intense heat waves affect plant development and productivity. Among the molecular perturbations that high temperature induces in living cells is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which perturbs the cellular redox state. In plants, the dynamics of the cellular and subcellular redox state have been poorly investigated under high temperature. Glutathione plays a major role in maintaining the cellular redox state. We investigated its contribution in adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to contrasting high temperature regimes: high ambient temperature inducing thermomorphogenesis and heat stress affecting plant viability. Using the genetically encoded redox marker roGFP2, we show that high temperature regimes lead to cytoplasmic and nuclear oxidation and impact the glutathione pool. This pool is restored within a few hours, which probably contributes to plant adaptation to high temperatures. Moreover, low glutathione mutants fail to adapt to heat stress and to induce thermomorphogenesis, suggesting that glutathione is involved in both heat adaptation mechanisms. We also evaluate the transcriptomic signature in the two high temperature regimes and identified gene expression deviations in low glutathione mutants, which might contribute to their sensitivity to high temperature. Thus, we define glutathione as a major player in the adaptation of Arabidopsis to contrasting high temperature regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilien Dard
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Alizée Weiss
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Laetitia Bariat
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Juline Auverlot
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Valentine Fontaine
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Picault
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Frédéric Pontvianne
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Christophe Riondet
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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13
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Quan J, Li X, Li Z, Wu M, Zhu B, Hong SB, Shi J, Zhu Z, Xu L, Zang Y. Transcriptomic Analysis of Heat Stress Response in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis with Improved Thermotolerance through Exogenous Glycine Betaine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076429. [PMID: 37047402 PMCID: PMC10094913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is sensitive to high temperature, which will cause the B. rapa to remain in a semi-dormancy state. Foliar spray of GB prior to heat stress was proven to enhance B. rapa thermotolerance. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of GB-primed resistance or adaptation towards heat stress, we investigated the transcriptomes of GB-primed and non-primed heat-sensitive B. rapa ‘Beijing No. 3’ variety by RNA-Seq analysis. A total of 582 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from GB-primed plants exposed to heat stress relative to non-primed plants under heat stress and were assigned to 350 gene ontology (GO) pathways and 69 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. The analysis of the KEGG enrichment pathways revealed that the most abundantly up-regulated pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (14 genes), followed by plant hormone signal transduction (12 genes), ribosome (8 genes), MAPK signaling pathway (8 genes), homologous recombination (7 genes), nucleotide excision repair metabolism (5 genes), glutathione metabolism (4 genes), and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (4 genes). The most abundantly down-regulated pathways were plant-pathogen interaction (14 genes), followed by phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (7 genes); arginine and proline metabolism (6 genes); cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis (4 genes); and tryptophan metabolism (4 genes). Several calcium sensing/transducing proteins, as well as transcription factors associated with abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), auxin, and cytokinin hormones were either up- or down-regulated in GB-primed B. rapa plants under heat stress. In particular, expression of the genes for antioxidant defense, heat shock response, and DNA damage repair systems were highly increased by GB priming. On the other hand, many of the genes involved in the calcium sensors and cell surface receptors involved in plant innate immunity and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were down-regulated in the absence of pathogen elicitors in GB-primed B. rapa seedlings. Overall GB priming activated ABA and SA signaling pathways but deactivated auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways while suppressing the innate immunity in B. rapa seedlings exposed to heat stress. The present study provides a preliminary understanding of the thermotolerance mechanisms in GB-primed plants and is of great importance in developing thermotolerant B. rapa cultivars by using the identified DEGs through genetic modification.
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14
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Zhao Q, Zhao PX, Wu Y, Zhong CQ, Liao H, Li CY, Fu XD, Fang P, Xu P, Xiang CB. SUE4, a novel PIN1-interacting membrane protein, regulates acropetal auxin transport in response to sulfur deficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:78-87. [PMID: 36226797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants and a signaling molecule in abiotic stress responses. It is known that S availability modulates root system architecture; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We previously reported an Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant sulfate utilization efficiency4 (sue4) that could tolerate S deficiency during germination and early seedling growth with faster primary root elongation. Here, we report that SUE4, a novel plasma membrane-localized protein, interacts with the polar auxin transporter PIN1, resulting in reduced PIN1 protein levels and thus decreasing auxin transport to the root tips, which promotes primary root elongation. Moreover, SUE4 is induced by sulfate deficiency, consistent with its role in root elongation. Further analyses showed that the SUE4-PIN1 interaction decreased PIN1 levels, possibly through 26 S proteasome-mediated degradation. Taken together, our finding of SUE4-mediated root elongation is consistent with root adaptation to highly mobile sulfate in soil, thus revealing a novel component in the adaptive response of roots to S deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Ping-Xia Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Hong Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Chuan-You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ping Fang
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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15
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Inoue R, Nakamura N, Matsumoto C, Takase H, Sekiya J, Prieto R. Characterization of γ-glutamyltransferase- and phytochelatin synthase-mediated catabolism of glutathione and glutathione S-conjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:381-389. [PMID: 37283618 PMCID: PMC10240914 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH, γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) has been implicated in a multitude of cellular functions, such as protection of cells against oxidative stress, detoxification of xenobiotics via degradation of GSH S-conjugates, and disease resistance. Glutathione also serves as a precursor of phytochelatins, and thereby plays an essential role in heavy metal detoxification. The Arabidopsis genome encodes three functional γ-glutamyltransferase genes (AtGGT1, AtGGT2, AtGGT4) and two phytochelatin synthase genes (AtPCS1, AtPCS2). The function of plant GGT has not yet been clearly defined, although it is thought to be involved in GSH and GSH S-conjugate catabolism. On the other hand, besides its role in heavy metal detoxification, PCS has also been involved in GSH S-conjugate catabolism. Herein we describe the HPLC characterization of GSH and GSH S-conjugate catabolism in Arabidopsis mutants deficient in GSH biosynthesis (pad2-1/gsh1), atggt and atpcs1 T-DNA insertion mutants, atggt pad2-1, atggt atpcs1 double mutants, and the atggt1 atggt4 atpcs1 triple mutant. The results of our HPLC analysis confirm that AtGGT and AtPCS play important roles in two different pathways related with GSH and GSH S-conjugate (GS-bimane) catabolism in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Inoue
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Hisabumi Takase
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jiro Sekiya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Rafael Prieto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
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16
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Pavlů J, Kerchev P, Černý M, Novák J, Berka M, Jobe TO, López Ramos JM, Saiz-Fernández I, Rashotte AM, Kopriva S, Brzobohatý B. Cytokinin modulates the metabolic network of sulfur and glutathione. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7417-7433. [PMID: 36226742 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is implicated in a range of growth, developmental, and defense processes. A growing body of evidence supports a crosstalk between cytokinin and nutrient signaling pathways, such as nitrate availability. Cytokinin signaling regulates sulfur-responsive gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their impact on sulfur-containing metabolites have not been systematically explored. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools, we investigated the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. Exogenous cytokinin triggered sulfur starvation-like gene expression accompanied by a decrease in sulfate and glutathione content. This process was uncoupled from the activity of the major transcriptional regulator of sulfate starvation signaling SULFUR LIMITATION 1 and an important glutathione-degrading enzyme, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1, expression of which was robustly up-regulated by cytokinin. Conversely, glutathione accumulation was observed in mutants lacking the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 3 and in cytokinin-deficient plants. Cytokinin-deficient plants displayed improved root growth upon exposure to glutathione-depleting chemicals which was attributed to a higher capacity to maintain glutathione levels. These results shed new light on the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. They position cytokinin as an important modulator of sulfur uptake, assimilation, and remobilization in plant defense against xenobiotics and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - José Maria López Ramos
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron Michael Rashotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Jiang S, Zheng W, Li Z, Tan J, Wu M, Li X, Hong SB, Deng J, Zhu Z, Zang Y. Enhanced Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica rapa by Activating Host Immunity through Exogenous Verticillium dahliae Aspf2-like Protein (VDAL) Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213958. [PMID: 36430439 PMCID: PMC9694685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive diseases in Brassica rapa. Verticillium dahliae Aspf2-like protein (VDAL) is a secretory protein of V. dahliae which has been shown to enhance the resistance against fungal infections in several plants. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms of VDAL-primed disease resistance are still poorly understood. In this study, we performed physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses of Brassica rapa in order to understand how VDAL confers resistance to S. sclerotiorumn infections in plants. The results showed that foliar application of VDAL significantly reduced the plaque area on leaves inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. It also enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), and defense-related enzymes β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase during the infection periods. This occurred in parallel with significantly reduced relative conductivity at different periods and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content as compared to sole S. sclerotiorum inoculation. Transcriptomic analysis showed a total of 146 (81 up-regulated and 65 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in VDAL-treated leaves compared to the control. The most enriched three Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction, all of which were associated with plant immunity. DEGs associated with MAPK and hormone signal transduction pathways were ethylene response sensor ERS2, EIN3 (Ethylene Insensitive3)-binding F-box protein 2 (EBF2), ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF94, MAPK 9 (MKK9), protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C37), auxin-responsive proteins (AUX/IAA1 and 19), serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1, and abscisic acid receptors (PLY 4 and 5). Among the DEGs linked with the plant-pathogen interaction pathway were calmodulin-like proteins (CML5, 24, 27), PTI1-like tyrosine protein kinase 3 (Pti13) and transcription factor MYB30, all of which are known to play key roles in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) for hypersensitive response (HR), cell wall reinforcement, and stomatal closure in plants. Overall, VDLA treatment triggered repression of the auxin and ABA signaling pathways and de-repression of the ethylene signaling pathways in young B. rapa seedlings to increase plant innate immunity. Our results showed that VDAL holds great potential to enhance fungal disease resistance in B. rapa crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingru Tan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Jianyu Deng
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-63702335
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Yu Y, Zhong Z, Ma L, Xiang C, Chen J, Huang XY, Xu P, Xiong Y. Sulfate-TOR signaling controls transcriptional reprogramming for shoot apex activation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1326-1338. [PMID: 36028982 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants play a primary role for the global sulfur cycle in the earth ecosystems by reduction of inorganic sulfate from the soil to organic sulfur-containing compounds. How plants sense and transduce the sulfate availability to mediate their growth remains largely unclear. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of nutrient sensing and metabolic signaling to control cell proliferation and growth in all eukaryotes. By tissue-specific Western blotting and RNA-sequencing analysis, we investigated sulfate-TOR signal pathway in regulating shoot apex development. Here, we report that inorganic sulfate exhibits high potency activating TOR and cell proliferation to promote true leaf development in Arabidopsis in a glucose-energy parallel pathway. Genetic and metabolite analyses suggest that this sulfate activation of TOR is independent from the sulfate-assimilation process and glucose-energy signaling. Significantly, tissue specific transcriptome analyses uncover previously unknown sulfate-orchestrating genes involved in DNA replication, cell proliferation and various secondary metabolism pathways, which largely depends on TOR signaling. Systematic comparison between the sulfate- and glucose-TOR controlled transcriptome further reveals that TOR kinase, as the central growth integrator, responds to different nutrient signals to control both shared and unique transcriptome networks, therefore, precisely modulates plant proliferation, growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liuyin Ma
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chengbin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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19
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Wang Z, Yang L, Jander G, Bhawal R, Zhang S, Liu Z, Oakley A, Hua J. AIG2A and AIG2B limit the activation of salicylic acid-regulated defenses by tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4641-4660. [PMID: 35972413 PMCID: PMC9614473 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical defense systems involving tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites (TDSMs) and salicylic acid (SA) are induced by general nonself signals and pathogen signals, respectively, in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whether and how these chemical defense systems are connected and balanced is largely unknown. In this study, we identified the AVRRPT2-INDUCED GENE2A (AIG2A) and AIG2B genes as gatekeepers that prevent activation of SA defense systems by TDSMs. These genes also were identified as important contributors to natural variation in disease resistance among A. thaliana natural accessions. The loss of AIG2A and AIG2B function leads to upregulation of both SA and TDSM defense systems. Suppressor screens and genetic analysis revealed that a functional TDSM system is required for the upregulation of the SA pathway in the absence of AIG2A and AIG2B, but not vice versa. Furthermore, the AIG2A and AIG2B genes are co-induced with TDSM biosynthesis genes by general pathogen elicitors and nonself signals, thereby functioning as a feedback control of the TDSM defense system, as well as limiting activation of the SA defense system by TDSMs. Thus, this study uncovers an AIG2A- and AIG2B-mediated mechanism that fine-tunes and balances SA and TDSM chemical defense systems in response to nonpathogenic and pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Wang
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Leiyun Yang
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, New York 14853, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Aaron Oakley
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jian Hua
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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20
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Ito T, Kitaiwa T, Nishizono K, Umahashi M, Miyaji S, Agake S, Kuwahara K, Yokoyama T, Fushinobu S, Maruyama‐Nakashita A, Sugiyama R, Sato M, Inaba J, Hirai MY, Ohkama‐Ohtsu N. Glutathione degradation activity of γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 manifests its dual roles in primary and secondary sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1626-1642. [PMID: 35932489 PMCID: PMC9804317 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) functions as a major sulfur repository and hence occupies an important position in primary sulfur metabolism. GSH degradation results in sulfur reallocation and is believed to be carried out mainly by γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (GGCT2;1, GGCT2;2, and GGCT2;3), which, however, do not fully explain the rapid GSH turnover. Here, we discovered that γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 (GGP1) contributes to GSH degradation through a yeast complementation assay. Recombinant proteins of GGP1, as well as GGP3, showed high degradation activity of GSH, but not of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), in vitro. Notably, the GGP1 transcripts were highly abundant in rosette leaves, in agreement with the ggp1 mutants constantly accumulating more GSH regardless of nutritional conditions. Given the lower energy requirements of the GGP- than the GGCT-mediated pathway, the GGP-mediated pathway could be a more efficient route for GSH degradation than the GGCT-mediated pathway. Therefore, we propose a model wherein cytosolic GSH is degraded chiefly by GGP1 and likely also by GGP3. Another noteworthy fact is that GGPs are known to process GSH conjugates in glucosinolate and camalexin synthesis; indeed, we confirmed that the ggp1 mutant contained higher levels of O-acetyl-l-Ser, a signaling molecule for sulfur starvation, and lower levels of glucosinolates and their degradation products. The predicted structure of GGP1 further provided a rationale for this hypothesis. In conclusion, we suggest that GGP1 and possibly GGP3 play vital roles in both primary and secondary sulfur metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitaiwa
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishizono
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Minori Umahashi
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyaji
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Agake
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Kana Kuwahara
- Faculty of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural SciencesFukushima UniversityKanayagawa 1Fukushima‐shiFukushima960‐1296Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of BiotechnologyThe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1 YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative MicrobiologyThe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1 YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Akiko Maruyama‐Nakashita
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental ScienceKyushu University744 MotookaNishi‐kuFukuoka819‐0395Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugiyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Department of PharmacyNational University of Singapore4 Science Drive 2117544SingaporeSingapore
- Present address:
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1, Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Jun Inaba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22, Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8601Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama‐Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3‐5‐8, Saiwai‐choFuchuTokyo183‐8509Japan
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21
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Gao Y, Li H, Song Y, Zhang F, Yang Z, Yang Y, Grohmann T. Response of glutathione pools to cadmium stress and the strategy to translocate cadmium from roots to leaves (Daucus carota L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153575. [PMID: 35114244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carrots are one of the most highly consumed vegetables in the world. Due to the large area of cadmium (Cd) contaminated farmland, to abate the impact of Cd contamination on carrot quality and safety, a novel strategy is required to drive Cd translocation from the soil to the overground leafy tissues of carrots to protect the edible roots and thus ensure food security. To this end, this article presents an experimental study with mathematical models to assess the tolerance and accumulation capacity of Cd in inedible carrot leaves, as well as the regulatory factors affecting Cd distribution in carrots. The glutathione (GSH) pools were examined in carrot leaves in response to the oxidation stress induced by Cd exposures, and it was found that under low Cd stress (1 and 3 mg/L) the changes of GSH pools were dominated by the variation of GSH, showing higher GSH content and low levels of oxidized GSH content (GSSG). In contrast, both of these two indicator variables as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio all decreased under high Cd stress (5 and 9 mg/L). Combining this information with Cd concentrations in leaves, a model was established to predict the Cd accumulation capacity of leaves. The data showed that the potential Cd accumulation in carrot leaves could be as high as 514 μg/kg dry weight. Furthermore, the factors and primary physiological indicators affecting and regulating GSH pools by multiple stepwise regression were analyzed. The results showed that increasing chlorophyll a/b ratio and γ-glutamylcyclotransferase activity while inhibiting phytochelatin synthase activity could expand the tolerance of carrot leaves to Cd. These findings suggest a possible strategy for regulating the distribution of toxic metals in plants through a molecular-based approach and provide some important information that could be conducive to achieving food safety and phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Yang Song
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Teresa Grohmann
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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22
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Dorion S, Ouellet JC, Rivoal J. Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090641. [PMID: 34564457 PMCID: PMC8464934 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.
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23
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Müller-Schüssele SJ, Schwarzländer M, Meyer AJ. Live monitoring of plant redox and energy physiology with genetically encoded biosensors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:93-109. [PMID: 34623445 PMCID: PMC8154060 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors pave the way for understanding plant redox dynamics and energy metabolism on cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
- Author for communication:
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Specialized (secondary) metabolites have been largely considered bioactive “end” products synthesized from primary metabolites. We report biochemical evidence of a retrograde flow of sulfur atoms from specialized metabolites (glucosinolates) to primary metabolites (cysteine) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The reaction begins with glucosinolate breakdown by specific beta-glucosidases, which facilitates sulfur deficiency tolerance, demonstrating a physiological advantage of utilizing specialized metabolites as nutrient reservoirs. Our findings address the breadth of turnover systems in nature and enhance our understanding of how plants coordinate primary and specialized metabolism under different environmental conditions. Specialized (secondary) metabolic pathways in plants have long been considered one-way routes of leading primary metabolite precursors to bioactive end products. Conversely, endogenous degradation of such “end” products in plant tissues has been observed following environmental stimuli, including nutrition stress. Therefore, it is of general interest whether specialized metabolites can be reintegrated into primary metabolism to recover the invested resources, especially in the case of nitrogen- or sulfur-rich compounds. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous glucosinolates (GLs), a class of sulfur-rich plant metabolites, are exploited as a sulfur source by the reallocation of sulfur atoms to primary metabolites such as cysteine in Arabidopsis thaliana. Tracer experiments using 34S- or deuterium-labeled GLs depicted the catabolic processing of GL breakdown products in which sulfur is mobilized from the thioglucoside group in GL molecules, potentially accompanied by the release of the sulfate group. Moreover, we reveal that beta-glucosidases BGLU28 and BGLU30 are the major myrosinases that initiate sulfur reallocation by hydrolyzing particular GL species, conferring sulfur deficiency tolerance in A. thaliana, especially during early development. The results delineate the physiological function of GL as a sulfur reservoir, in addition to their well-known functions as defense chemicals. Overall, our findings demonstrate the bidirectional interaction between primary and specialized metabolism, which enhances our understanding of the underlying metabolic mechanisms via which plants adapt to their environments.
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25
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Jobe TO, Yu Q, Hauser F, Xie Q, Meng Y, Maassen T, Kopriva S, Schroeder JI. The SLIM1 transcription factor is required for arsenic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1696-1707. [PMID: 33960401 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators of arsenic-induced gene expression remain largely unknown. Sulfur assimilation is tightly linked with arsenic detoxification. Here, we report that mutant alleles in the SLIM1 transcription factor are substantially more sensitive to arsenic than cadmium. Arsenic treatment caused high levels of oxidative stress in the slim1 mutants, and slim1 alleles were impaired in both thiol accumulation and sulfate accumulation. We further found enhanced arsenic accumulation in roots of slim1 mutants. Transcriptome analyses indicate an important role for SLIM1 in arsenic-induced tolerance mechanisms. The present study identifies the SLIM1 transcription factor as an essential component in arsenic tolerance and arsenic-induced gene expression. Our results suggest that the severe arsenic sensitivity of the slim1 mutants is caused by altered redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Jobe
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Qi Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Felix Hauser
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qingqing Xie
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Meng
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tim Maassen
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Watanabe M, Chiba Y, Hirai MY. Metabolism and Regulatory Functions of O-Acetylserine, S-Adenosylmethionine, Homocysteine, and Serine in Plant Development and Environmental Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643403. [PMID: 34025692 PMCID: PMC8137854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of an organism is closely related to both its internal and external environments. Metabolites can act as signal molecules that regulate the functions of genes and proteins, reflecting the status of these environments. This review discusses the metabolism and regulatory functions of O-acetylserine (OAS), S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), homocysteine (Hcy), and serine (Ser), which are key metabolites related to sulfur (S)-containing amino acids in plant metabolic networks, in comparison to microbial and animal metabolism. Plants are photosynthetic auxotrophs that have evolved a specific metabolic network different from those in other living organisms. Although amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and common metabolites in all living organisms, their metabolism and regulation in plants have specific features that differ from those in animals and bacteria. In plants, cysteine (Cys), an S-containing amino acid, is synthesized from sulfide and OAS derived from Ser. Methionine (Met), another S-containing amino acid, is also closely related to Ser metabolism because of its thiomethyl moiety. Its S atom is derived from Cys and its methyl group from folates, which are involved in one-carbon metabolism with Ser. One-carbon metabolism is also involved in the biosynthesis of AdoMet, which serves as a methyl donor in the methylation reactions of various biomolecules. Ser is synthesized in three pathways: the phosphorylated pathway found in all organisms and the glycolate and the glycerate pathways, which are specific to plants. Ser metabolism is not only important in Ser supply but also involved in many other functions. Among the metabolites in this network, OAS is known to function as a signal molecule to regulate the expression of OAS gene clusters in response to environmental factors. AdoMet regulates amino acid metabolism at enzymatic and translational levels and regulates gene expression as methyl donor in the DNA and histone methylation or after conversion into bioactive molecules such as polyamine and ethylene. Hcy is involved in Met-AdoMet metabolism and can regulate Ser biosynthesis at an enzymatic level. Ser metabolism is involved in development and stress responses. This review aims to summarize the metabolism and regulatory functions of OAS, AdoMet, Hcy, and Ser and compare the available knowledge for plants with that for animals and bacteria and propose a future perspective on plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yukako Chiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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27
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The Versatile Roles of Sulfur-Containing Biomolecules in Plant Defense-A Road to Disease Resistance. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121705. [PMID: 33287437 PMCID: PMC7761819 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential plant macronutrient and the pivotal role of sulfur compounds in plant disease resistance has become obvious in recent decades. This review attempts to recapitulate results on the various functions of sulfur-containing defense compounds (SDCs) in plant defense responses to pathogens. These compounds include sulfur containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, the tripeptide glutathione, thionins and defensins, glucosinolates and phytoalexins and, last but not least, reactive sulfur species and hydrogen sulfide. SDCs play versatile roles both in pathogen perception and initiating signal transduction pathways that are interconnected with various defense processes regulated by plant hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, ROS-mediated reversible oxidation of cysteine residues on plant proteins have profound effects on protein functions like signal transduction of plant defense responses during pathogen infections. Indeed, the multifaceted plant defense responses initiated by SDCs should provide novel tools for plant breeding to endow crops with efficient defense responses to invading pathogens.
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28
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Aarabi F, Naake T, Fernie AR, Hoefgen R. Coordinating Sulfur Pools under Sulfate Deprivation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1227-1239. [PMID: 32800669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants display manifold metabolic changes on sulfate deficiency (S deficiency) with all sulfur-containing pools of primary and secondary metabolism affected. O-Acetylserine (OAS), whose levels are rapidly altered on S deficiency, is correlated tightly with novel regulators of plant sulfur metabolism that have key roles in balancing plant sulfur pools, including the Sulfur Deficiency Induced genes (SDI1 and SDI2), More Sulfur Accumulation1 (MSA1), and GGCT2;1. Despite the importance of OAS in the coordination of S pools under stress, mechanisms of OAS perception and signaling have remained elusive. Here, we put particular focus on the general OAS-responsive genes but also elaborate on the specific roles of SDI1 and SDI2 genes, which downregulate the glucosinolate (GSL) pool size. We also highlight the key open questions in sulfur partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayezeh Aarabi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas Naake
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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29
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Li Q, Gao Y, Yang A. Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8926. [PMID: 33255536 PMCID: PMC7727837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. S is majorly absorbed as sulfate from soil, and is then translocated to plastids in leaves, where it is assimilated into organic products. Cysteine (Cys) is the first organic product generated from S, and it is used as a precursor to synthesize many S-containing metabolites with important biological functions, such as glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). The reduction of sulfate takes place in a two-step reaction involving a variety of enzymes. Sulfate transporters (SULTRs) are responsible for the absorption of SO42- from the soil and the transport of SO42- in plants. There are 12-16 members in the S transporter family, which is divided into five categories based on coding sequence homology and biochemical functions. When exposed to S deficiency, plants will alter a series of morphological and physiological processes. Adaptive strategies, including cis-acting elements, transcription factors, non-coding microRNAs, and phytohormones, have evolved in plants to respond to S deficiency. In addition, there is crosstalk between S and other nutrients in plants. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying S homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.L.); (Y.G.)
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Cohen A, Hacham Y, Welfe Y, Khatib S, Avice JC, Amir R. Evidence of a significant role of glutathione reductase in the sulfur assimilation pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:246-261. [PMID: 31782847 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the objective of studying the role of glutathione reductase (GR) in the accumulation of cysteine and methionine, we generated transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the cytosolic AtGR1 and the plastidic AtGR2 genes. The transgenic plants had higher contents of cysteine and glutathione. To understand why cysteine levels increased in these plants, we also used gr1 and gr2 mutants. The results showed that the transgenic plants have higher levels of sulfite, cysteine, glutathione and methionine, which are downstream to adenosine 5' phosphosulfate reductase (APR) activity. However, the mutants had lower levels of these metabolites, while the sulfate content increased. A feeding experiment using 34 SO42- also showed that the levels of APR downstream metabolites increased in the transgenic lines and decreased in gr1 compared with their controls. These findings, and the results obtained from the expression levels of several genes related to the sulfur pathway, suggest that GR plays an essential role in the sulfur assimilation pathway by supporting the activity of APR, the key enzyme in this pathway. GR recycles the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) back to reduce glutathione (GSH), which serves as an electron donor for APR activity. The phenotypes of the transgenic plants and the mutants are not significantly altered under non-stress and oxidative stress conditions. However, when germinating on sulfur-deficient medium, the transgenic plants grew better, while the mutants were more sensitive than the control plants. The results give substantial evidence of the yet unreported function of GR in the sulfur assimilation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anner Cohen
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | - Yael Hacham
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | - Yochai Welfe
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | | | - Rachel Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
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31
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Zhang J, Qian Y, Chen Z, Amee M, Niu H, Du D, Yao J, Chen K, Chen L, Sun J. Lead-induced oxidative stress triggers root cell wall remodeling and increases lead absorption through esterification of cell wall polysaccharide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121524. [PMID: 31699479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) shows remarkable tolerance to lead (Pb), but the mechanisms involved in metal tolerance are not yet well understood. Here, tall fescue were firstly cultivated hydroponically with Pb2+ (0, 50, 200 and 1000 mg/L) for 14 days. The results showed that remodeling of root architecture plays important roles in tolerance of tall fescue to Pb2+ stress. Increased cell wall (CW) components contribute to restrict high amount of Pb2+ in roots. Additionally, the uronic acid contents of pectin, hemicellulose 1 (HC1) and hemicellulose 2 (HC2) increased under Pb2+ stress. We further observed that tall fescue cultivated with H2O2 showed similar remodeling of root architecture as Pb2+ treatment. Furthermore, pectin, HC1 and HC2 fractions were sequentially extracted from 0 and 10 mM H2O2 treated roots, and Pb2+ adsorption capacity and contents of carboxyl groups of pectin and HC2 fractions were steadily increased under H2O2 treatment in vitro. Our results suggest that degrees of esterification of pectin and HC2 are regulated by H2O2. High amount of low-esterified pectin and HC2 offer more carboxyl groups, provide more Pb2+ binding sites, and restrict more Pb2+ in the CW, which may enhance tolerance of tall fescue to Pb2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maurice Amee
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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Wagner S, Steinbeck J, Fuchs P, Lichtenauer S, Elsässer M, Schippers JHM, Nietzel T, Ruberti C, Van Aken O, Meyer AJ, Van Dongen JT, Schmidt RR, Schwarzländer M. Multiparametric real-time sensing of cytosolic physiology links hypoxia responses to mitochondrial electron transport. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:1668-1684. [PMID: 31386759 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia regularly occurs during plant development and can be induced by the environment through, for example, flooding. To understand how plant tissue physiology responds to progressing oxygen restriction, we aimed to monitor subcellular physiology in real time and in vivo. We establish a fluorescent protein sensor-based system for multiparametric monitoring of dynamic changes in subcellular physiology of living Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and exemplify its applicability for hypoxia stress. By monitoring cytosolic dynamics of magnesium adenosine 5'-triphosphate, free calcium ion concentration, pH, NAD redox status, and glutathione redox status in parallel, linked to transcriptional and metabolic responses, we generate an integrated picture of the physiological response to progressing hypoxia. We show that the physiological changes are surprisingly robust, even when plant carbon status is modified, as achieved by sucrose feeding or extended night. Inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain causes dynamics of cytosolic physiology that are remarkably similar to those under oxygen depletion, highlighting mitochondrial electron transport as a key determinant of the cellular consequences of hypoxia beyond the organelle. A broadly applicable system for parallel in vivo sensing of plant stress physiology is established to map out the physiological context under which both mitochondrial retrograde signalling and low oxygen signalling occur, indicating shared upstream stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wagner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janina Steinbeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Marlene Elsässer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thomas Nietzel
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joost T Van Dongen
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Romy R Schmidt
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
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Patel P, Yadav K, Srivastava AK, Suprasanna P, Ganapathi TR. Overexpression of native Musa-miR397 enhances plant biomass without compromising abiotic stress tolerance in banana. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16434. [PMID: 31712582 PMCID: PMC6848093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant micro RNAs (miRNAs) control growth, development and stress tolerance but are comparatively unexplored in banana, whose cultivation is threatened by abiotic stress and nutrient deficiencies. In this study, a native Musa-miR397 precursor harboring 11 copper-responsive GTAC motifs in its promoter element was identified from banana genome. Musa-miR397 was significantly upregulated (8-10) fold in banana roots and leaves under copper deficiency, correlating with expression of root copper deficiency marker genes such as Musa-COPT and Musa-FRO2. Correspondingly, target laccases were significantly downregulated (>-2 fold), indicating miRNA-mediated silencing for Cu salvaging. No significant expression changes in the miR397-laccase module were observed under iron stress. Musa-miR397 was also significantly upregulated (>2 fold) under ABA, MV and heat treatments but downregulated under NaCl stress, indicating universal stress-responsiveness. Further, Musa-miR397 overexpression in banana significantly increased plant growth by 2-3 fold compared with wild-type but did not compromise tolerance towards Cu deficiency and NaCl stress. RNA-seq of transgenic and wild type plants revealed modulation in expression of 71 genes related to diverse aspects of growth and development, collectively promoting enhanced biomass. Summing up, our results not only portray Musa-miR397 as a candidate for enhancing plant biomass but also highlight it at the crossroads of growth-defense trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanti Patel
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Karuna Yadav
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Thumballi Ramabhatta Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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34
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Boro P, Sultana A, Mandal K, Chattopadhyay S. Transcriptomic changes under stress conditions with special reference to glutathione contents. THE NUCLEUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-018-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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