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Stojanović M, Jocher G, Kowalska N, Szatniewska J, Zavadilová I, Urban O, Čáslavský J, Horáček P, Acosta M, Pavelka M, Marshall JD. Disaggregation of canopy photosynthesis among tree species in a mixed broadleaf forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae064. [PMID: 38864558 PMCID: PMC11240116 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere is commonly assessed using the eddy covariance method. Its net flux signal can be decomposed into gross primary production and ecosystem respiration components, but these have seldom been tested against independent methods. In addition, eddy covariance lacks the ability to partition carbon sequestration among individual trees or species within mixed forests. Therefore, we compared gross primary production from eddy covariance versus an independent method based on sap flow and water-use efficiency, as measured by the tissue heat balance method and δ13C of phloem contents, respectively. The latter measurements were conducted on individual trees throughout a growing season in a mixed broadleaf forest dominated by three tree species, namely English oak, narrow-leaved ash and common hornbeam (Quercus robur L., Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, and Carpinus betulus L., respectively). In this context, we applied an alternative ecophysiological method aimed at verifying the accuracy of a state-of-the-art eddy covariance system while also offering a solution to the partitioning problem. We observed strong agreement in the ecosystem gross primary production estimates (R2 = 0.56; P < 0.0001), with correlation being especially high and nearly on the 1:1 line in the period before the end of July (R2 = 0.85; P < 0.0001). After this period, the estimates of gross primary production began to diverge. Possible reasons for the divergence are discussed, focusing especially on phenology and the limitation of the isotopic data. English oak showed the highest per-tree daily photosynthetic rates among tree species, but the smaller, more abundant common hornbeam contributed most to the stand-level summation, especially early in the spring. These findings provide a rigorous test of the methods and the species-level photosynthesis offers avenues for enhancing forest management aimed at carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Jocher
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Thünen-Institut für Agrarklimaschutz Bundesallee 68 38116 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Natalia Kowalska
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Justyna Szatniewska
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ina Zavadilová
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horáček
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - John D Marshall
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno 603 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung, Isotope Geochemistry and Gas Fluxes, Müncheberg 15374, Germany
- Department of Geological Sciences, Box 460, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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Fernandez-Tschieder E, Marshall JD, Binkley D. Carbon budget at the individual-tree scale: dominant Eucalyptus trees partition less carbon belowground. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38641865 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Large trees in plantations generally produce more wood per unit of resource use than small trees. Two processes may account for this pattern: greater photosynthetic resource use efficiency or greater partitioning of carbon to wood production. We estimated gross primary production (GPP) at the individual scale by combining transpiration with photosynthetic water-use efficiency of Eucalyptus trees. Aboveground production fluxes were estimated using allometric equations and modeled respiration; total belowground carbon fluxes (TBCF) were estimated by subtracting aboveground fluxes from GPP. Partitioning was estimated by dividing component fluxes by GPP. Dominant trees produced almost three times as much wood as suppressed trees. They used 25 ± 10% (mean ± SD) of their photosynthates for wood production, whereas suppressed trees only used 12 ± 2%. By contrast, dominant trees used 27 ± 19% of their photosynthate belowground, whereas suppressed trees used 58 ± 5%. Intermediate trees lay between these extremes. Photosynthetic water-use efficiency of dominant trees was c. 13% greater than the efficiency of suppressed trees. Suppressed trees used more than twice as much of their photosynthate belowground and less than half as much aboveground compared with dominant trees. Differences in carbon partitioning were much greater than differences in GPP or photosynthetic water-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Fernandez-Tschieder
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Agricultural Experimental Station of Delta del Paraná, Campana, B2804, Argentina
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung, Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
- Department of Geological Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Energy and Matter Fluxes, Czech Globe, Belidla, 603 00, Czechia
| | - Dan Binkley
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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Marshall J. Laser ablation of tree-ring isotopes: pinpoint precision. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:691-693. [PMID: 36807985 PMCID: PMC10177000 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Marshall
- Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czechia
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Tang Y, Sahlstedt E, Young G, Schiestl‐Aalto P, Saurer M, Kolari P, Jyske T, Bäck J, Rinne‐Garmston KT. Estimating intraseasonal intrinsic water-use efficiency from high-resolution tree-ring δ 13 C data in boreal Scots pine forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1606-1619. [PMID: 36451527 PMCID: PMC10108005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), a key index for carbon and water balance, has been widely estimated from tree-ring δ13 C at annual resolution, but rarely at high-resolution intraseasonal scale. We estimated high-resolution iWUE from laser-ablation δ13 C analysis of tree-rings (iWUEiso ) and compared it with iWUE derived from gas exchange (iWUEgas ) and eddy covariance (iWUEEC ) data for two Pinus sylvestris forests from 2002 to 2019. By carefully timing iWUEiso via modeled tree-ring growth, iWUEiso aligned well with iWUEgas and iWUEEC at intraseasonal scale. However, year-to-year patterns of iWUEgas , iWUEiso , and iWUEEC were different, possibly due to distinct environmental drivers on iWUE across leaf, tree, and ecosystem scales. We quantified the modification of iWUEiso by postphotosynthetic δ13 C enrichment from leaf sucrose to tree rings and by nonexplicit inclusion of mesophyll and photorespiration terms in photosynthetic discrimination model, which resulted in overestimation of iWUEiso by up to 11% and 14%, respectively. We thus extended the application of tree-ring δ13 C for iWUE estimates to high-resolution intraseasonal scale. The comparison of iWUEgas , iWUEiso , and iWUEEC provides important insights into physiological acclimation of trees across leaf, tree, and ecosystem scales under climate change and improves the upscaling of ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 2700014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina Sahlstedt
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Giles Young
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Pauliina Schiestl‐Aalto
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6800014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)Zürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6800014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems UnitNatural Resources Institute FinlandTietotie 202150EspooFinland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 2700014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Katja T. Rinne‐Garmston
- Bioeconomy and Environment UnitNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Latokartanonkaari 900790HelsinkiFinland
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Tang Y, Schiestl-Aalto P, Lehmann MM, Saurer M, Sahlstedt E, Kolari P, Leppä K, Bäck J, Rinne-Garmston KT. Estimating intra-seasonal photosynthetic discrimination and water use efficiency using δ13C of leaf sucrose in Scots pine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:321-335. [PMID: 36255219 PMCID: PMC9786842 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose has a unique role in recording environmental and physiological signals during photosynthesis in its carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and transport of the signal to tree rings. Yet, instead of sucrose, total organic matter (TOM) or water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are typically analysed in studies that follow δ13C signals within trees. To study how the choice of organic material may bias the interpretation of δ13C records, we used mature field-grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to compare for the first time δ13C of different leaf carbon pools with δ13C of assimilates estimated by a chamber-Picarro system (δ13CA_Picarro), and a photosynthetic discrimination model (δ13CA_model). Compared with sucrose, the other tested carbon pools, such as TOM and WSC, poorly recorded the seasonal trends or absolute values of δ13CA_Picarro and δ13CA_model. Consequently, in comparison with the other carbon pools, sucrose δ13C was superior for reconstructing changes in intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), agreeing in both absolute values and intra-seasonal variations with iWUE estimated from gas exchange. Thus, deriving iWUE and environmental signals from δ13C of bulk organic matter can lead to misinterpretation. Our findings underscore the advantage of using sucrose δ13C to understand plant physiological responses in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Schiestl-Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Elina Sahlstedt
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kersti Leppä
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja T Rinne-Garmston
- Bioeconomy and Environment Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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Leppä K, Tang Y, Ogée J, Launiainen S, Kahmen A, Kolari P, Sahlstedt E, Saurer M, Schiestl‐Aalto P, Rinne‐Garmston KT. Explicitly accounting for needle sugar pool size crucial for predicting intra-seasonal dynamics of needle carbohydrates δ 18 O and δ 13 C. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2044-2060. [PMID: 35575976 PMCID: PMC9795997 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We explore needle sugar isotopic compositions (δ18 O and δ13 C) in boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) over two growing seasons. A leaf-level dynamic model driven by environmental conditions and based on current understanding of isotope fractionation processes was built to predict δ18 O and δ13 C of two hierarchical needle carbohydrate pools, accounting for the needle sugar pool size and the presence of an invariant pinitol pool. Model results agreed well with observed needle water δ18 O, δ18 O and δ13 C of needle water-soluble carbohydrates (sugars + pinitol), and needle sugar δ13 C (R2 = 0.95, 0.84, 0.60, 0.73, respectively). Relative humidity (RH) and intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci /Ca ) were the dominant drivers of δ18 O and δ13 C variability, respectively. However, the variability of needle sugar δ18 O and δ13 C was reduced on diel and intra-seasonal timescales, compared to predictions based on instantaneous RH and Ci /Ca , due to the large needle sugar pool, which caused the signal formation period to vary seasonally from 2 d to more than 5 d. Furthermore, accounting for a temperature-sensitive biochemical 18 O-fractionation factor and mesophyll resistance in 13 C-discrimination were critical. Interpreting leaf-level isotopic signals requires understanding on time integration caused by mixing in the needle sugar pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland00790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Yu Tang
- Natural Resources Institute Finland00790HelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences – BotanyUniversity of Basel4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research (WSL)8903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Pauliina Schiestl‐Aalto
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
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Ubierna N, Holloway‐Phillips M, Farquhar GD. Scaling from fluxes to organic matter: interpreting 13 C isotope ratios of plant material using flux models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2003-2008. [PMID: 36385264 PMCID: PMC9827853 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Leppä et al. (2022), 236: 2044–2060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | | | - Graham D. Farquhar
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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Integrated physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of pecan cultivar 'Pawnee' adaptation to salt stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1841. [PMID: 35115595 PMCID: PMC8814186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pecan is a salt-alkali-tolerant plant, and its fruit and wood have high economic value. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for salt stress tolerance in the pecan grown under hydroponic conditions to simulate salt stress. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate (Pn) was reduced in response to salt stress, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentrations (Ci) increased. The response of the pecan to salt stress was measured using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantitation) and LC/MS (liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) non-targeted metabolomics technology. A total of 198 differentially expressed proteins (65 down-regulated and 133 up-regulated) and 538 differentially expressed metabolites (283 down-regulated and 255 up-regulated) were identified after exposure to salt stress for 48 h. These genes were associated with 21 core pathways, shown by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and enrichment, including the metabolic pathways involved in nucleotide sugar and amino sugar metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropane biosynthesis. In addition, analysis of interactions between the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites showed that two key nodes of the salt stress regulatory network, L-fucose and succinate, were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, suggesting that these metabolites may be significant for adaptations to salt stress. Finally, several key proteins were further verified by parallel reaction monitoring. In conclusion, this study used physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic methods to provide an important preliminary foundation for improving the salt tolerance of pecans.
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Stangl ZR, Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Marshall JD. Limits to photosynthesis: seasonal shifts in supply and demand for CO 2 in Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1108-1120. [PMID: 34775610 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests undergo a strong seasonal photosynthetic cycle; however, the underlying processes remain incompletely characterized. Here, we present a novel analysis of the seasonal diffusional and biochemical limits to photosynthesis (Anet ) relative to temperature and light limitations in high-latitude mature Pinus sylvestris, including a high-resolution analysis of the seasonality of mesophyll conductance (gm ) and its effect on the estimation of carboxylation capacity ( VCmax ). We used a custom-built gas-exchange system coupled to a carbon isotope analyser to obtain continuous measurements for the estimation of the relevant shoot gas-exchange parameters and quantified the biochemical and diffusional controls alongside the environmental controls over Anet . The seasonality of Anet was strongly dependent on VCmax and the diffusional limitations. Stomatal limitation was low in spring and autumn but increased to 31% in June. By contrast, mesophyll limitation was nearly constant (19%). We found that VCmax limited Anet in the spring, whereas daily temperatures and the gradual reduction of light availability limited Anet in the autumn, despite relatively high VCmax . We describe for the first time the role of mesophyll conductance in connection with seasonal trends in net photosynthesis of P. sylvestris, revealing a strong coordination between gm and Anet , but not between gm and stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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