1
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Cabrera JCB, Hirl RT, Schäufele R, Zhu J, Liu HT, Gong XY, Ogée J, Schnyder H. Half of the 18O enrichment of leaf sucrose is conserved in leaf cellulose of a C 3 grass across atmospheric humidity and CO 2 levels. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2274-2287. [PMID: 38488789 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
The 18O enrichment (Δ18O) of cellulose (Δ18OCel) is recognized as a unique archive of past climate and plant function. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the proportion of oxygen in cellulose (pex) that exchanges post-photosynthetically with medium water of cellulose synthesis. Particularly, recent research with C3 grasses demonstrated that the Δ18O of leaf sucrose (Δ18OSuc, the parent substrate for cellulose synthesis) can be much higher than predicted from daytime Δ18O of leaf water (Δ18OLW), which could alter conclusions on photosynthetic versus post-photosynthetic effects on Δ18OCel via pex. Here, we assessed pex in leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown at different atmospheric relative humidity (RH) and CO2 levels, by determinations of Δ18OCel in leaves, Δ18OLGDZW (the Δ18O of water in the leaf growth-and-differentiation zone) and both Δ18OSuc and Δ18OLW (adjusted for εbio, the biosynthetic fractionation between water and carbohydrates) as alternative proxies for the substrate for cellulose synthesis. Δ18OLGDZW was always close to irrigation water, and pex was similar (0.53 ± 0.02 SE) across environments when determinations were based on Δ18OSuc. Conversely, pex was erroneously and variably underestimated (range 0.02-0.44) when based on Δ18OLW. The photosynthetic signal fraction in Δ18OCel is much more constant than hitherto assumed, encouraging leaf physiological reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Baca Cabrera
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, Germany
| | - Regina T Hirl
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Crop Physiology Lab, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hai Tao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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2
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Pan Y, Li F, Lin W, Zhou Y, Song X. Quantifying isotope parameters associated with carbonyl-water oxygen exchange during sucrose translocation in tree phloem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:975-987. [PMID: 38439696 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Stable oxygen isotope ratio of tree-ring α-cellulose (δ18Ocel) yields valuable information on many aspects of tree-climate interactions. However, our current understanding of the mechanistic controls on δ18Ocel is incomplete, with a knowledge gap existent regarding the fractionation effect characterizing carbonyl-water oxygen exchange during sucrose translocation from leaf to phloem. To address this insufficiency, we set up an experimental system integrating a vapor 18O-labeling feature to manipulate leaf-level isotopic signatures in tree saplings enclosed within whole-canopy gas-exchange cuvettes. We applied this experimental system to three different tree species to determine their respective relationships between 18O enrichment of sucrose in leaf lamina (Δ18Ol_suc) and petiole phloem (Δ18Ophl_suc) under environmentally/physiologically stable conditions. Based on the determined Δ18Ophl_suc-Δ18Ol_suc relationships, we estimated that on average, at least 25% of the oxygen atoms in sucrose undergo isotopic exchange with water along the leaf-to-phloem translocation path and that the biochemical fractionation factor accounting for such exchange is c. 34‰, markedly higher than the conventionally assumed value of 27‰. Our study represents a significant step toward quantitative elucidation of the oxygen isotope dynamics during sucrose translocation in trees. This has important implications with respect to improving the δ18Ocel model and its related applications in paleoclimatic and ecophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Pan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Huzhou Vocational & Technical College, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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3
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Tikkasalo OP, Leppä K, Launiainen S, Peltoniemi M, Mäkipää R, Rinne-Garmston KT, Sahlstedt E, Young GHF, Bokareva A, Lohila A, Korkiakoski M, Schiestl-Aalto P, Lehtonen A. Modeling the response of Norway spruce tree-ring carbon and oxygen isotopes to selection harvest on a drained peatland forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad119. [PMID: 37756632 PMCID: PMC10993295 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cover forestry (CCF) has gained interest as an alternative to even-aged management particularly on drained peatland forests. However, relatively little is known about the physiological response of suppressed trees when larger trees are removed as a part of CCF practices. Consequently, studies concentrating on process-level modeling of the response of trees to selection harvesting are also rare. Here, we compared, modeled and measured harvest response of previously suppressed Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees to a selection harvest. We quantified the harvest response by collecting Norway spruce tree-ring samples in a drained peatland forest site and measuring the change in stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of wood formed during 2010-20, including five post-harvest years. The measured isotopic ratios were compared with ecosystem-level process model predictions for ${\kern0em }^{13}$C discrimination and ${\kern0em }^{18}$O leaf water enrichment. We found that the model predicted similar but lower harvest response than the measurements. Furthermore, accounting for mesophyll conductance was important for capturing the variation in ${\kern0em }^{13}$C discrimination. In addition, we performed sensitivity analysis on the model, which suggests that the modeled ${\kern0em }^{13}$C discrimination is sensitive to parameters related to CO2 transport through stomata to the mesophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Launiainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Peltoniemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raisa Mäkipää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja T Rinne-Garmston
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Sahlstedt
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giles H F Young
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksandra Bokareva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Korkiakoski
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Holloway-Phillips M, Cernusak LA, Nelson DB, Lehmann MM, Tcherkez G, Kahmen A. Covariation between oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes declines along the path from xylem water to wood cellulose across an aridity gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1758-1773. [PMID: 37680025 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of cellulose in plant biology are commonly used to infer environmental conditions, often from time series measurements of tree rings. However, the covariation (or the lack thereof) between δ18 O and δ2 H in plant cellulose is still poorly understood. We compared plant water, and leaf and branch cellulose from dominant tree species across an aridity gradient in Northern Australia, to examine how δ18 O and δ2 H relate to each other and to mean annual precipitation (MAP). We identified a decline in covariation from xylem to leaf water, and onwards from leaf to branch wood cellulose. Covariation in leaf water isotopic enrichment (Δ) was partially preserved in leaf cellulose but not branch wood cellulose. Furthermore, whilst δ2 H was well-correlated between leaf and branch, there was an offset in δ18 O between organs that increased with decreasing MAP. Our findings strongly suggest that postphotosynthetic isotope exchange with water is more apparent for oxygen isotopes, whereas variable kinetic and nonequilibrium isotope effects add complexity to interpreting metabolic-induced δ2 H patterns. Varying oxygen isotope exchange in wood and leaf cellulose must be accounted for when δ18 O is used to reconstruct climatic scenarios. Conversely, comparing δ2 H and δ18 O patterns may reveal environmentally induced shifts in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisha Holloway-Phillips
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem Ecology, Stable Isotope Research Centre, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmendsorf, Switzerland
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem Ecology, Stable Isotope Research Centre, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmendsorf, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Martínez-Sancho E, Cernusak LA, Fonti P, Gregori A, Ullrich B, Pannatier EG, Gessler A, Lehmann MM, Saurer M, Treydte K. Unenriched xylem water contribution during cellulose synthesis influenced by atmospheric demand governs the intra-annual tree-ring δ 18 O signature. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1743-1757. [PMID: 37753542 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen isotope composition (δ18 O) of tree-ring cellulose is used to evaluate tree physiological responses to climate, but their interpretation is still limited due to the complexity of the isotope fractionation pathways. We assessed the relative contribution of seasonal needle and xylem water δ18 O variations to the intra-annual tree-ring cellulose δ18 O signature of larch trees at two sites with contrasting soil water availability in the Swiss Alps. We combined biweekly δ18 O measurements of soil water, needle water, and twig xylem water with intra-annual δ18 O measurements of tree-ring cellulose, xylogenesis analysis, and mechanistic and structural equation modeling. Intra-annual cellulose δ18 O values resembled source water δ18 O mean levels better than needle water δ18 O. Large parts of the rings were formed under high proportional exchange with unenriched xylem water (pex ). Maximum pex values were achieved in August and imprinted on sections at 50-75% of the ring. High pex values were associated with periods of high atmospheric evaporative demand (VPD). While VPD governed needle water δ18 O variability, we estimated a limited Péclet effect at both sites. Due to a variable pex , source water has a strong influence over large parts of the intra-annual tree-ring cellulose δ18 O variations, potentially masking signals coming from needle-level processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Gregori
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Ullrich
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Graf Pannatier
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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6
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Baca Cabrera JC, Hirl RT, Zhu J, Schäufele R, Ogée J, Schnyder H. 18 O enrichment of sucrose and photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic leaf water in a C 3 grass-atmospheric drivers and physiological relations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37376738 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The 18 O enrichment (Δ18 O) of leaf water affects the Δ18 O of photosynthetic products such as sucrose, generating an isotopic archive of plant function and past climate. However, uncertainty remains as to whether leaf water compartmentation between photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissue affects the relationship between Δ18 O of bulk leaf water (Δ18 OLW ) and leaf sucrose (Δ18 OSucrose ). We grew Lolium perenne (a C3 grass) in mesocosm-scale, replicated experiments with daytime relative humidity (50% or 75%) and CO2 level (200, 400 or 800 μmol mol-1 ) as factors, and determined Δ18 OLW , Δ18 OSucrose and morphophysiological leaf parameters, including transpiration (Eleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ) and mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm ). The Δ18 O of photosynthetic medium water (Δ18 OSSW ) was estimated from Δ18 OSucrose and the equilibrium fractionation between water and carbonyl groups (εbio ). Δ18 OSSW was well predicted by theoretical estimates of leaf water at the evaporative site (Δ18 Oe ) with adjustments that correlated with gas exchange parameters (gs or total conductance to CO2 ). Isotopic mass balance and published work indicated that nonphotosynthetic tissue water was a large fraction (~0.53) of bulk leaf water. Δ18 OLW was a poor proxy for Δ18 OSucrose , mainly due to opposite Δ18 O responses of nonphotosynthetic tissue water (Δ18 Onon-SSW ) relative to Δ18 OSSW , driven by atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Baca Cabrera
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Regina T Hirl
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Hans Schnyder
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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7
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Yan Q, Zhao Y, Ma R, Wang B, Zhu Z, Li T, He D, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. Capping the hydroxyl groups (-OH) of α-cellulose to reduce Hy-groscopicity for accurate 18O/ 16O measurement by EA/Py/IRMS. Talanta 2023; 262:124698. [PMID: 37244243 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining an accurate measurement of 18O/16O at natural abundance level for land plants-derived α-cellulose with the currently popular EA/Py/IRMS (elemental analysis/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry) method is a challenge due to the hygroscopic nature of the exposed hydroxyl groups, as the 18O/16O of adsorbed moisture is usually different from that of the α-cellulose and the relative amount of adsorbed moisture is sample- and relative humidity-dependent. To minimize the hygroscopicity-related measurement error, we capped the hydroxyl groups of α-cellulose by benzylation to various degrees and found that the 18O/16O ratio of α-cellulose increased with the degree of benzyl substitution (DS), consistent with the theoretical prediction that a reduced presence of exposed hydroxyl groups should lead to a more accurate (and therefore more reliable) α-cellulose 18O/16O measurement. We propose the establishment of a moisture adsorption-degree of substitution or percentage of oxygen-18O/16O ratio equation, based on the measurement of C%, O% and δ18O of variably capped α-cellulose, so that a robust correction can be made in a plant species- and laboratory conditions-specific manner. Failure to do so will lead to an average underestimate of α-cellulose δ18O by 3.5 mUr under "average" laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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8
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Rani A, Zhao Y, Yan Q, Wang Y, Ma R, Zhu Z, Wang B, Li T, Zhou X, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. On the Chemical Purity and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of α-Cellulose Extractable from Higher Plants and the Implications for Climate, Metabolic, and Physiological Studies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4871-4879. [PMID: 36878693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The 18O/16O ratio of α-cellulose in land plants has proved of interest for climate, environmental, physiological, and metabolic studies. Reliable application of such a ratio may be compromised by the presence of hemicellulose impurities in the α-cellulose product obtainable with current extraction methods, as the impurities are known to be isotopically different from that of the α-cellulose. We first compared the quality of hydrolysates of "α-cellulose products" obtained with four representative extraction methods (Jayme and Wise; Brendel; Zhou; Loader) and quantified the hemicellulose-derived non-glucose sugars in the α-cellulose products from 40 land grass species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Second, we performed compound-specific isotope analysis of the hydrolysates using GC/Pyrolysis/IRMS. These results were then compared with the bulk isotope analysis using EA/Pyrolysis/IRMS of the α-cellulose products. We found that overall, the Zhou method afforded the highest purity α-cellulose as judged by the minimal presence of lignin and the second-lowest presence of non-glucose sugars. Isotopic analysis then showed that the O-2-O-6 of the α-cellulose glucosyl units were all depleted in 18O by 0.0-4.3 mUr (average, 1.9 mUr) in a species-dependent manner relative to the α-cellulose products. The positive isotopic bias of using the α-cellulose product instead of the glucosyl units stems mainly from the fact that the pentoses that dominate hemicellulose contamination in the α-cellulose product are relatively enriched in 18O (compared to hexoses) as they inherit only the relatively 18O-enriched O-2-O-5 moiety of sucrose, the common precursor of pentoses and hexoses in cellulose, and are further enriched in 18O by the (incomplete) hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Rani
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology (ICB), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Leppä K, Tang Y, Ogée J, Launiainen S, Kahmen A, Kolari P, Sahlstedt E, Saurer M, Schiestl‐Aalto P, Rinne‐Garmston KT. Explicitly accounting for needle sugar pool size crucial for predicting intra-seasonal dynamics of needle carbohydrates δ 18 O and δ 13 C. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2044-2060. [PMID: 35575976 PMCID: PMC9795997 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We explore needle sugar isotopic compositions (δ18 O and δ13 C) in boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) over two growing seasons. A leaf-level dynamic model driven by environmental conditions and based on current understanding of isotope fractionation processes was built to predict δ18 O and δ13 C of two hierarchical needle carbohydrate pools, accounting for the needle sugar pool size and the presence of an invariant pinitol pool. Model results agreed well with observed needle water δ18 O, δ18 O and δ13 C of needle water-soluble carbohydrates (sugars + pinitol), and needle sugar δ13 C (R2 = 0.95, 0.84, 0.60, 0.73, respectively). Relative humidity (RH) and intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci /Ca ) were the dominant drivers of δ18 O and δ13 C variability, respectively. However, the variability of needle sugar δ18 O and δ13 C was reduced on diel and intra-seasonal timescales, compared to predictions based on instantaneous RH and Ci /Ca , due to the large needle sugar pool, which caused the signal formation period to vary seasonally from 2 d to more than 5 d. Furthermore, accounting for a temperature-sensitive biochemical 18 O-fractionation factor and mesophyll resistance in 13 C-discrimination were critical. Interpreting leaf-level isotopic signals requires understanding on time integration caused by mixing in the needle sugar pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland00790HelsinkiFinland
| | - Yu Tang
- Natural Resources Institute Finland00790HelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences – BotanyUniversity of Basel4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research (WSL)8903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Pauliina Schiestl‐Aalto
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/PhysicsUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
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10
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Holloway-Phillips M, Baan J, Nelson DB, Lehmann MM, Tcherkez G, Kahmen A. Species variation in the hydrogen isotope composition of leaf cellulose is mostly driven by isotopic variation in leaf sucrose. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2636-2651. [PMID: 35609972 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental approaches to isolate drivers of variation in the carbon-bound hydrogen isotope composition (δ2 H) of plant cellulose are rare and current models are limited in their application. This is in part due to a lack in understanding of how 2 H-fractionations in carbohydrates differ between species. We analysed, for the first time, the δ2 H of leaf sucrose along with the δ2 H and δ18 O of leaf cellulose and leaf and xylem water across seven herbaceous species and a starchless mutant of tobacco. The δ2 H of sucrose explained 66% of the δ2 H variation in cellulose (R2 = 0.66), which was associated with species differences in the 2 H enrichment of sucrose above leaf water ( ε sucrose <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0001" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mtext>\unicode{x003B5}</mtext><mtext>sucrose</mtext></msub></mrow></math> : -126% to -192‰) rather than by variation in leaf water δ2 H itself. ε sucrose <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0002" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0002.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mtext>\unicode{x003B5}</mtext><mtext>sucrose</mtext></msub></mrow></math> was positively related to dark respiration (R2 = 0.27), and isotopic exchange of hydrogen in sugars was positively related to the turnover time of carbohydrates (R2 = 0.38), but only when ε sucrose <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0003" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0003.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">\unicode{x003B5}</mi><mtext>sucrose</mtext></msub></mrow></mrow></math> was fixed to the literature accepted value of - 171 <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0004" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0004.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo>\unicode{x02212}</mo><mn>171</mn></mrow></mrow></math> ‰. No relation was found between isotopic exchange of hydrogen and oxygen, suggesting large differences in the processes shaping post-photosynthetic fractionation between elements. Our results strongly advocate that for robust applications of the leaf cellulose hydrogen isotope model, parameterization utilizing δ2 H of sugars is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jochem Baan
- Department of Environmental Science-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- Department of Environmental Science-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem Ecology, Stable Isotope Research Centre, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmendsorf, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Science-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Casas C, Gundel PE, Deliens E, Iannone LJ, García Martinez G, Vignale MV, Schnyder H. Loss of fungal symbionts at the arid limit of the distribution range in a native Patagonian grass—Resource eco‐physiological relations. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Casas
- Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Universidad de Buenos Aires Cátedra de Edafología Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía IFEVA Universidad de Buenos Aires CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre Technische Universität München Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Pedro E. Gundel
- Facultad de Agronomía IFEVA Universidad de Buenos Aires CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Talca Talca Chile
| | - Eluney Deliens
- Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Universidad de Buenos Aires Cátedra de Edafología Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leopoldo J. Iannone
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Laboratorio de Micología Fitopatología y Liquenología Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Micología y Botánica (INMIBO) CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - María V. Vignale
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Laboratorio de Micología Fitopatología y Liquenología Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Micología y Botánica (INMIBO) CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones (InBioMis) Universidad Nacional de Misiones e Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad (IMiBio) Posadas Argentina
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre Technische Universität München Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
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12
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Baca Cabrera JC, Hirl RT, Schäufele R, Macdonald A, Schnyder H. Stomatal conductance limited the CO 2 response of grassland in the last century. BMC Biol 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33757496 PMCID: PMC7989024 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anthropogenic increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) is impacting carbon (C), water, and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland and other terrestrial biomes. Plant canopy stomatal conductance is a key player in these coupled cycles: it is a physiological control of vegetation water use efficiency (the ratio of C gain by photosynthesis to water loss by transpiration), and it responds to photosynthetic activity, which is influenced by vegetation N status. It is unknown if the ca-increase and climate change over the last century have already affected canopy stomatal conductance and its links with C and N processes in grassland. RESULTS Here, we assessed two independent proxies of (growing season-integrating canopy-scale) stomatal conductance changes over the last century: trends of δ18O in cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) in archived herbage from a wide range of grassland communities on the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted (U.K.) and changes of the ratio of yields to the CO2 concentration gradient between the atmosphere and the leaf internal gas space (ca - ci). The two proxies correlated closely (R2 = 0.70), in agreement with the hypothesis. In addition, the sensitivity of δ18Ocellulose changes to estimated stomatal conductance changes agreed broadly with published sensitivities across a range of contemporary field and controlled environment studies, further supporting the utility of δ18Ocellulose changes for historical reconstruction of stomatal conductance changes at Park Grass. Trends of δ18Ocellulose differed strongly between plots and indicated much greater reductions of stomatal conductance in grass-rich than dicot-rich communities. Reductions of stomatal conductance were connected with reductions of yield trends, nitrogen acquisition, and nitrogen nutrition index. Although all plots were nitrogen-limited or phosphorus- and nitrogen-co-limited to different degrees, long-term reductions of stomatal conductance were largely independent of fertilizer regimes and soil pH, except for nitrogen fertilizer supply which promoted the abundance of grasses. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that some types of temperate grassland may have attained saturation of C sink activity more than one century ago. Increasing N fertilizer supply may not be an effective climate change mitigation strategy in many grasslands, as it promotes the expansion of grasses at the disadvantage of the more CO2 responsive forbs and N-fixing legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Baca Cabrera
- Technical University of Munich, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Regina T Hirl
- Technical University of Munich, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Technical University of Munich, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andy Macdonald
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Technical University of Munich, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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