1
|
Mo Q, Nawaz S, Kulyar MF, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Rahim MF, Ahmed AE, Ijaz F, Li J. Exploring the intricacies of Pasteurella multocida dynamics in high-altitude livestock and its consequences for bovine health: A Personal Exploration of the yak paradox. Microb Pathog 2024:106799. [PMID: 39025382 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pasturella multocida (P. multocida), a gram-negative bacterium, has long been a focus of interest in animal health because of its capacity to cause different infections, including hemorrhagic septicemia. Yaks, primarily found in high-altitude environments, are among the several livestock animals affected by these bacteria. Yaks are essential to the socioeconomic life of the people who depend on them since they are adapted to the cold and hypoxic conditions of highland environments. Nevertheless, these terrains exhibit a greater incidence of P. multocida despite the severe environmental complications. This predominance has been linked to the possible attenuation of the yak's immunological responses in such circumstances and the evolution of some bacterial strains to favor survival in the respiratory passages of the animals. Moreover, these particular strains threaten other cattle populations that interact with yaks, which might result in unanticipated outbreaks in areas previously thought to be low risk. Considering these findings, designing and executing preventative and control strategies suited explicitly for these distinct biological environments is imperative. Through such strategies, yaks' health will be guaranteed, and a larger bovine population will be safeguarded against unanticipated epidemics. The current review provides thorough insights that were previously dispersed among several investigations. Its distinct method of connecting the ecology of yaks with the dynamics of infection offers substantial background information for further studies and livestock management plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Md F Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Rahim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Ijaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu T, Yan R, Xin X, Zhang X, Yin G. Simulation of the nutritional requirements and energy balance of adult cows in a northern temperate grassland. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1414096. [PMID: 38962709 PMCID: PMC11220270 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1414096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The forage-livestock balance is an important component of natural grassland management, and realizing a balance between the nutrient energy demand of domestic animals and the energy supply of grasslands is the core challenge in forage-livestock management. This study was performed at the Xieertala Ranch in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia. Using the GRAZPLAN and GrazFeed models, we examined the forage-livestock energy balance during different grazing periods and physiological stages of livestock growth under natural grazing conditions. Data on pasture conditions, climatic factors, supplemental feeding, and livestock characteristics, were used to analyze the metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm), and total metabolizable energy intake (MEItotal) of grazing livestock. The results showed that the energy balance between forage and animals differed for adult cows at different physiological stages. In the early lactation period, although the MEItotal was greater than MEm, it did not meet the requirement for ME. MEItotal was greater than ME during mid-lactation, but there was still an energy imbalance in the early and late lactation periods. In the late lactation period, MEItotal could meet ME requirements from April-September. Adult gestational lactating cows with or without calves were unable to meet their ME requirement, especially in the dry period, even though MEItotal was greater than MEm. Adult cows at different physiological stages exhibited differences in daily forage intake and rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) metabolism, and the forage intake by nonpregnant cows decreased as follows: early lactation > mid-lactation > late lactation, pregnant cows' lactation > dry period. For the degradation, digestion and synthesis of rumen MCP, early-lactation cows were similar to those in the mid-lactation group, but both were higher than those in the late-lactation group, while pregnant cows had greater degradation, digestion, and synthesis of MCP in the lactation period relative to the dry period. For lactating cows, especially those with calves, grazing energy requirements, methane emission metabolism and heat production were highest in August, with increased energy expenditure in winter. Overall, grazing energy, methane emissions and heat production by dry cows were low. In the context of global climate change and grassland degradation, managers must adopt different strategies according to the physiological stages of livestock to ensure a forage-livestock balance and the sustainable utilization and development of grasslands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruirui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Hulun Buir Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hailar, China
| | - Guomei Yin
- Grassland Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sperdouli I, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydın T, Bayçu G, Moustakas M. Mechanistic Insights on Salicylic Acid-Induced Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Basil Plants under Non-Stress or Mild Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5728. [PMID: 38891916 PMCID: PMC11171592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) functions were investigated in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants sprayed with 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) under non-stress (NS) or mild drought-stress (MiDS) conditions. Under MiDS, SA-sprayed leaves retained significantly higher (+36%) chlorophyll content compared to NS, SA-sprayed leaves. PSII efficiency in SA-sprayed leaves under NS conditions, evaluated at both low light (LL, 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and high light (HL, 900 μmol photons m-2 s-1), increased significantly with a parallel significant decrease in the excitation pressure at PSII (1-qL) and the excess excitation energy (EXC). This enhancement of PSII efficiency under NS conditions was induced by the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) that reduced singlet oxygen (1O2) production, as indicated by the reduced quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO). Under MiDS, the thylakoid structure of water-sprayed leaves appeared slightly dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to NS conditions. In contrast, the thylakoid structure of SA-sprayed leaves did not change under MiDS, while PSII functionality was retained, similar to NS plants at HL. This was due to the photoprotective heat dissipation by NPQ, which was sufficient to retain the same percentage of open PSII reaction centers (qp), as in NS conditions and HL. We suggest that the redox status of the plastoquinone pool (qp) under MiDS and HL initiated the acclimation response to MiDS in SA-sprayed leaves, which retained the same electron transport rate (ETR) with control plants. Foliar spray of SA could be considered as a method to improve PSII efficiency in basil plants under NS conditions, at both LL and HL, while under MiDS and HL conditions, basil plants could retain PSII efficiency similar to control plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tuğba Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Li F, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li H, Zhou B, Shen B, Hou L, Xu D, Ding L, Chen S, Liu X, Peng J. Spatial and temporal patterns of above- and below- ground biomass over the Tibet Plateau grasslands and their sensitivity to climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170900. [PMID: 38354804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The sensitivity of grassland above- (AGB, gC m-2) and below-ground biomass (BGB, gC m-2) to climate has been shown to be significant on the Tibetan Plateau, however, the spatial patterns and sensitivity of biomass with altitudinal change needs to be quantitated. In this study, large data sets of AGB and BGB during the peak growth season, and the corresponding geographical and climate conditions in the grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau between 2001 and 2020 were analyzed, and modelled using a Cubist regression trees algorithm. The mean values for AGB and BGB were 61.3 and 1304.3 gC m-2, respectively, for the whole region over the two decades. There was a significant change in spatial AGB of 64.8 % on the Plateau (P < 0.05, with areas where AGB increased being twice as large as areas where AGB decreased), while BGB did not change significantly in majority the of the region (≥ 90.1 %, P > 0.05). In general, the areas where AGB showed positive partial correlations with precipitation were larger than the areas where AGB had positive correlations with temperature (P < 0.05). However, these trends varied depending on the climatic conditions: in the wetter regions, temperature had a greater effect on the size of the areas with positive AGB responses than precipitation (P < 0.05), while precipitation had a greater effect on the size of areas with positive BGB changes than temperature (P < 0.05). In the drier areas, however, precipitation affected the AGB response significantly compared to temperature (P < 0.05), while temperature influenced the BGB response greater than precipitation (P < 0.05). The response and sensitivity of grassland biomass to temperature and precipitation varied according to the altitude of the Plateau: the response and sensitivity were stronger and more sensitive at medium altitudes, and weak at the higher or lower altitudes. Likely, this phenomenon was resulted from the natural selection of plants to maintain the efficient use of resources during un-favourable and stressed conditions for maximum plant development and growth. These findings will help assess the ecological consequences of global climate change for the grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau, particularly in those regions with highly variable altitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yatang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fu Li
- Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Remote Sensing Center of China, No. 8A Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China
| | - YiLiang Liu
- National Remote Sensing Center of China, No. 8A Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Han Li
- National Remote Sensing Center of China, No. 8A Liulinguan Nanli, Haidian District, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Bingrong Zhou
- Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Beibei Shen
- Aerospace Science and Industry (Beijing) Spatial Information Application Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jinbang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Wennberg PO. An emergent constraint on the thermal sensitivity of photosynthesis and greenness in the high latitude northern forests. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6189. [PMID: 38485968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the general consensus that the warming over the high latitudes northern forests (HLNF) has led to enhanced photosynthetic activity and contributed to the greening trend, isolating the impact of temperature increase on photosynthesis and greenness has been difficult due to the concurring influence of the CO2 fertilization effect. Here, using an ensemble of simulations from biogeochemical models that have contributed to the Trends in Net Land Atmosphere Carbon Exchange project (TRENDY), we identify an emergent relationship between the simulation of the climate-driven temporal changes in both gross primary productivity (GPP) and greenness (Leaf Area Index, LAI) and the model's spatial sensitivity of these quantities to growing-season (GS) temperature. Combined with spatially-resolved observations of LAI and GPP, we estimate that GS-LAI and GS-GPP increase by 17.0 ± 2.4% and 24.0 ± 3.0% per degree of warming, respectively. The observationally-derived sensitivities of LAI and GPP to temperature are about 40% and 71% higher, respectively, than the mean of the ensemble of simulations from TRENDY, primarily due to the model underestimation of the sensitivity of light use efficiency to temperature. We estimate that the regional mean GS-GPP increased 28.2 ± 5.1% between 1983-1986 and 2013-2016, much larger than the 5.8 ± 1.4% increase from the CO2 fertilization effect implied by Wenzel et al. This suggests that warming, not CO2 fertilization, is primarily responsible for the observed dramatic changes in the HLNF biosphere over the last century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jing H, Xiong X, Jiang F, Pu X, Ma W, Li D, Liu Z, Wang Z. Climate change filtered out resource-acquisitive plants in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:403-413. [PMID: 37606847 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems, changing community composition and ecosystem functions. However, we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies (different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits, including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy) would change in response to climate change, and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity. Here, using long-term (1982-2017) observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness (SR) and functional richness (FRic) for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies. Specifically, based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum (leaf carbon concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf phosphorus concentration, and specific leaf area), we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive, medium, and resource-conservative species. We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies. We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate, which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species. However, community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change. Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heying Jing
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xingshuo Xiong
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xucai Pu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhong Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Zhongling Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Y, Chang S, Huang X, Wang W, Hou F, Wang Y, Nan Z. Assembly of typical steppe community and functional groups along the precipitation gradient from 1985 to 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167545. [PMID: 37793455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term observations have shown that structure and function of grasslands have changed due to climate change over the past decades. However, little is known about how grasslands respond to climate change along the precipitation gradient, and potential mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we utilize a long-term experiment in typical steppe to explore universal and differential mechanisms of community and functional groups assembly along the precipitation gradient. Our results indicated that the sensitivity of community and functional groups assembly to climate change was related to local precipitation. The strength of the positive effects of climate change on aboveground biomass, species richness, and their relationship of community decreased modestly with local precipitation. The mechanism behind this was the change in plant community composition of the precipitation-induced, annuals that was more responsive to climate change decreased as increased local precipitation. Furthermore, current and past climate both drove community and functional group assembly, and the role of past climate diminished with increasing local precipitation. Among them, climate fluctuation, average climate and current climate were the most critical climate indicators affecting community and functional groups assembly in low, medium and high precipitation sites, respectively. In conclusion, climatic change do not always exert identical effects on grasslands along the precipitation gradient. This could be critical importance for improving our ability to predict future changes in grassland ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang A, Yin J, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhou X, Guo H. Plants alter their aboveground and belowground biomass allocation and affect community-level resistance in response to snow cover change in Central Asia, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166059. [PMID: 37543343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
It is important to elucidate the changing distribution pattern of net primary productivity (NPP) to mechanistically understand the changes in aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions. In water-scarce desert environments, snow provides a crucial supply of water for plant development and the spread of herbaceous species. Yet uncertainty persists regarding how herbaceous plants' NPP allocation responds to variation in snow cover. The goal of this study was to investigate how variation in snow cover in a temperate desert influenced the NPP allocation dynamics of herbaceous species and their resistance to environmental change in terms aboveground and belowground productivity. In the Gurbantunggut Desert, wintertime snow cover depth was adjusted in plots by applying four treatments: snow removal (-S), ambient snow, double snow (+S), and triple snow (+2S). We examined their species richness, aboveground NPP (ANPP), belowground NPP (BNPP), and the resistance of ANPP and BNPP. We found that species diversity of the aboveground community increased significantly with increasing snow cover and decreased significantly Pielou evenness in plots. This resulted in greater ANPP with increasing snow cover; meanwhile, BNPP first increased and then decreased with increasing snow cover. However, this productivity in different soil layers responded differently to changed snow cover. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, productivity first rose and then declined, while it declined linearly in both the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, whereas in the 30-40 cm soil layer it showed an increasing trend. Belowground resistance would increase given that greater snow cover improved the BNPP in deeper soil and maintained the resource provisioning for plant growth, thus improving overall belowground stability. These results can serve as a promising research foundation for future work on how the functioning of desert ecosystems becomes altered due to changes in plant community expansion and, in particular, changes in snow cover driven by global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jinfei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Ruzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qiqige B, Wei B, Wei Y, Liu M, Bi Y, Xu R, Liu N, Yang G, Zhang Y. Climate, not grazing, influences soil microbial diversity through changes in vegetation and abiotic factors on geographical patterns in the Eurasian steppe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238077. [PMID: 37745991 PMCID: PMC10511900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing has a significant impact on the biodiversity of nature grassland ecosystems, which is mainly regulated by climate factors. Soil microbes are essential components of biogeochemical cycles. However, the coupling effects of grazing with MAT (mean annual temperature) and MAP (mean annual precipitation) on soil microbial communities remain inconsistent. Our study considered the various climates in four grasslands as natural temperature and precipitation gradients combined with grazing intensity (GI). We collected and analyzed vegetation and soil physiochemical properties from four grasslands. Our results showed that climate factors (CF) changed β diversity of soil bacteria and fungi while grazing intensity and their interaction merely affected fungi β diversity. Furthermore, climate factors and grazing intensity impacted changes in vegetation and soil physiochemical properties, with their interaction leading to changes in EC and MBC. Our analysis revealed that climate factors contributed 13.1% to bacteria community variation while grazing intensity contributed 3.01% to fungi community variation. Piecewise SEM analysis demonstrated that MAT and MAP were essential predictors of bacteria β diversity, which was significantly affected by vegetation and soil carbon and nitrogen. At the same time, MAP was an essential factor of fungi β diversity and was mainly affected by soil nitrogen. Our study indicated that bacteria and fungi β diversity was affected by different environmental processes and can adapt to specific grazing intensities over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bademu Qiqige
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Wei
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yixian Bi
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Gaowen Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Grasslands Management and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sperdouli I, Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M. Hormesis Responses of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana under Water Deficit Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119573. [PMID: 37298524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since drought stress is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the molecular mechanisms of photosynthetic responses to water deficit stress is, therefore, fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis, we evaluated the responses of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (cv Columbia-0) at the onset of water deficit stress (OnWDS) and under mild water deficit stress (MiWDS) and moderate water deficit stress (MoWDS). Moreover, we tried to illuminate the underlying mechanisms in the differential response of PSII in young and mature leaves to water deficit stress in the model plant A. thaliana. Water deficit stress induced a hormetic dose response of PSII function in both leaf types. A U-shaped biphasic response curve of the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) in A. thaliana young and mature leaves was observed, with an inhibition at MiWDS that was followed by an increase in ΦPSII at MoWDS. Young leaves exhibited lower oxidative stress, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and higher levels of anthocyanin content compared to mature leaves under both MiWDS (+16%) and MoWDS (+20%). The higher ΦPSII of young leaves resulted in a decreased quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), under both MiWDS (-13%) and MoWDS (-19%), compared to mature leaves. Since ΦNO represents singlet-excited oxygen (1O2) generation, this decrease resulted in lower excess excitation energy at PSII, in young leaves under both MiWDS (-10%) and MoWDS (-23%), compared to mature leaves. The hormetic response of PSII function in both young and mature leaves is suggested to be triggered, under MiWDS, by the intensified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is considered to be beneficial for activating stress defense responses. This stress defense response that was induced at MiWDS triggered an acclimation response in A. thaliana young leaves and provided tolerance to PSII when water deficit stress became more severe (MoWDS). We concluded that the hormesis responses of PSII in A. thaliana under water deficit stress are regulated by the leaf developmental stage that modulates anthocyanin accumulation in a stress-dependent dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Ouzounidou
- Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, GR-14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Feng Y, Xu K, Cao M, Hu S, Yang Q, Liu X, Ma Q, Hu T, Kelly M, Guo Q, Su Y. Canopy structure: An intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:179-187. [PMID: 38932927 PMCID: PMC11197697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands are one of the largest coupled human-nature terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, and severe anthropogenic-induced grassland ecosystem function declines have been reported recently. Understanding factors influencing grassland ecosystem functions is critical for making sustainable management policies. Canopy structure is an important factor influencing plant growth through mediating within-canopy microclimate (e.g., light, water, and wind), and it is found coordinating tightly with plant species diversity to influence forest ecosystem functions. However, the role of canopy structure in regulating grassland ecosystem functions along with plant species diversity has been rarely investigated. Here, we investigated this problem by collecting field data from 170 field plots distributed along an over 2000 km transect across the northern agro-pastoral ecotone of China. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and resilience, two indicators of grassland ecosystem functions, were measured from field data and satellite remote sensing data. Terrestrial laser scanning data were collected to measure canopy structure (represented by mean height and canopy cover). Our results showed that plant species diversity was positively correlated to canopy structural traits, and negatively correlated to human activity intensity. Canopy structure was a significant indicator for ANPP and resilience, but their correlations were inconsistent under different human activity intensity levels. Compared to plant species diversity, canopy structural traits were better indicators for grassland ecosystem functions, especially for ANPP. Through structure equation modeling analyses, we found that plant species diversity did not have a direct influence on ANPP under human disturbances. Instead, it had a strong indirect effect on ANPP by altering canopy structural traits. As to resilience, plant species diversity had both a direct positive contribution and an indirect contribution through mediating canopy cover. This study highlights that canopy structure is an important intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances, which should be included in future grassland monitoring and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhao Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, China National Intellectual Property Administration, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
| | - Mengqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maggi Kelly
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu Z, Wang H, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Qiao S, Tan S. Optimality principles explaining divergent responses of alpine vegetation to environmental change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:126-142. [PMID: 36176241 PMCID: PMC10092415 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in vegetation greenness over much of the world reflect increasing CO2 globally and warming in cold areas. However, the strength of the response to both CO2 and warming in those areas appears to be declining for unclear reasons, contributing to large uncertainties in predicting how vegetation will respond to future global changes. Here, we investigated the changes of satellite-observed peak season absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Fmax ) on the Tibetan Plateau between 1982 and 2016. Although climate trends are similar across the Plateau, we identified robust divergent responses (a greening of 0.31 ± 0.14% year-1 in drier regions and a browning of 0.12 ± 0.08% year-1 in wetter regions). Using an eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) concept of plant acclimation/adaptation, we propose a parsimonious modelling framework that quantitatively explains these changes in terms of water and energy limitations. Our model captured the variations in Fmax with a correlation coefficient (r) of .76 and a root mean squared error of .12 and predicted the divergent trends of greening (0.32 ± 0.19% year-1 ) and browning (0.07 ± 0.06% year-1 ). We also predicted the observed reduced sensitivities of Fmax to precipitation and temperature. The model allows us to explain these changes: Enhanced growing season cumulative radiation has opposite effects on water use and energy uptake. Increased precipitation has an overwhelmingly positive effect in drier regions, whereas warming reduces Fmax in wetter regions by increasing the cost of building and maintaining leaf area. Rising CO2 stimulates vegetation growth by enhancing water-use efficiency, but its effect on photosynthesis saturates. The large decrease in the sensitivity of vegetation to climate reflects a shift from water to energy limitation. Our study demonstrates the potential of EEO approaches to reveal the mechanisms underlying recent trends in vegetation greenness and provides further insight into the response of alpine ecosystems to ongoing climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES)University of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shengchao Qiao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shen Tan
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Melatonin in Micro-Tom Tomato: Improved Drought Tolerance via the Regulation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Membrane Stability, Osmoprotectants, and Root System. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111922. [PMID: 36431057 PMCID: PMC9696799 DOI: 10.3390/life12111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variations caused by global climate change significantly affect plant yield and productivity. Because water scarcity is one of the most significant risks to agriculture's future, improving the performance of plants to cope with water stress is critical. Our research scrutinized the impact of melatonin application on the photosynthetic machinery, photosynthetic physiology, root system, osmoprotectant accumulation, and oxidative stress in tomato plants during drought. The results showed that melatonin-treated tomato plants had remarkably higher water levels, gas exchange activities, root system morphological parameters (average diameter, root activity, root forks, projected area, root crossings, root volume, root surface area, root length, root tips, and root numbers), osmoprotectant (proline, trehalose, fructose, sucrose, and GB) accumulation, and transcript levels of the photosynthetic genes SlPsb28, SlPetF, SlPsbP, SlPsbQ, SlPetE, and SlPsbW. In addition, melatonin effectively maintained the plants' photosynthetic physiology. Moreover, melatonin treatment maintained the soluble protein content and antioxidant capacity during drought. Melatonin application also resulted in membrane stability, evidenced by less electrolyte leakage and lower H2O2, MDA, and O2- levels in the drought-stress environment. Additionally, melatonin application enhanced the antioxidant defense enzymes and antioxidant-stress-resistance-related gene (SlCAT1, SlAPX, SlGR, SlDHAR, SlPOD, and SOD) transcript levels in plants. These outcomes imply that the impacts of melatonin treatment on improving drought resistance could be ascribed to the mitigation of photosynthetic function inhibition, the enhancement of the water status, and the alleviation of oxidative stress in tomato plants. Our study findings reveal new and incredible aspects of the response of melatonin-treated tomato plants to drought stress and provide a list of candidate targets for increasing plant tolerance to the drought-stress environment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng X, Hu Z, Chen A, Yuan W, Hou G, Han D, Liang M, Di K, Cao R, Luo D. The global decline in the sensitivity of vegetation productivity to precipitation from 2001 to 2018. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6823-6833. [PMID: 36054066 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of vegetation productivity to precipitation (Sppt ) is a key metric for understanding the variations in vegetation productivity under changing precipitation and predicting future changes in ecosystem functions. However, a comprehensive assessment of Sppt over all the global land is lacking. Here, we investigated spatial patterns and temporal changes of Sppt across the global land from 2001 to 2018 with multiple streams of satellite observations. We found consistent spatial patterns of Sppt with different satellite products: Sppt was highest in dry regions while low in humid regions. Grassland and shrubland showed the highest Sppt , and evergreen needle-leaf forest and wetland showed the lowest. Temporally, Sppt showed a generally declining trend over the past two decades (p < .05), yet with clear spatial heterogeneities. The decline in Sppt was especially noticeable in North America and Europe, likely due to the increase in precipitation. In central Russia and Australia, however, Sppt showed an increasing trend. Biome-wise, most ecosystem types exhibited significant decrease in Sppt , while grassland, evergreen broadleaf forest, and mixed forest showed slight increases or non-significant changes in Sppt . Our finding of the overall decline in Sppt implies a potential stabilization mechanism for ecosystem productivity under climate change. However, the revealed Sppt increase for some regions and ecosystem types, in particular global grasslands, suggests that grasslands might be increasingly vulnerable to climatic variability with continuing global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong, China
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Guolong Hou
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daorui Han
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqi Liang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Di
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruochen Cao
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengnan Luo
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911232. [PMID: 36232535 PMCID: PMC9569477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of Salvia sclarea plants to excess Zn for 8 days resulted in increased Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations, but decreased Mg, in the aboveground tissues. The significant increase in the aboveground tissues of Mn, which is vital in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), contributed to the higher efficiency of the OEC, and together with the increased Fe, which has a fundamental role as a component of the enzymes involved in the electron transport process, resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR). The decreased Mg content in the aboveground tissues contributed to decreased chlorophyll content that reduced excess absorption of sunlight and operated to improve PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), decreasing excess energy at PSII and lowering the degree of photoinhibition, as judged from the increased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The molecular mechanism by which Zn-treated leaves displayed an improved PSII photochemistry was the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) and, mainly, the increased efficiency of the reaction centers (Fv′/Fm′) that enhanced ETR. Elemental bioimaging of Zn and Ca by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) revealed their co-localization in the mid-leaf veins. The high Zn concentration was located in the mid-leaf-vein area, while mesophyll cells accumulated small amounts of Zn, thus resembling a spatiotemporal heterogenous response and suggesting an adaptive strategy. These findings contribute to our understanding of how exposure to excess Zn triggered a hormetic response of PSII photochemistry. Exposure of aromatic and medicinal plants to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate the deficiency of Fe and Zn, which are essential micronutrients for human health.
Collapse
|
16
|
Qian R, Hao Y, Li L, Zheng Z, Wen F, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhao T, Tang Z, Du J, Xue K. Joint control of seasonal timing and plant function types on drought responses of soil respiration in a semiarid grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974418. [PMID: 36046587 PMCID: PMC9421296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, droughts are the most widespread climate factor impacting carbon (C) cycling. However, as the second-largest terrestrial C flux, the responses of soil respiration (Rs) to extreme droughts co-regulated by seasonal timing and PFT (plant functional type) are still not well understood. Here, a manipulative extreme-duration drought experiment (consecutive 30 days without rainfall) was designed to address the importance of drought timing (early-, mid-, or late growing season) for Rs and its components (heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra)) under three PFT treatments (two graminoids, two shrubs, and their combination). The results suggested that regardless of PFT, the mid-drought had the greatest negative effects while early-drought overall had little effect on Rh and its dominated Rs. However, PFT treatments had significant effects on Rh and Rs in response to the late drought, which was PFT-dependence: reduction in shrubs and combination but not in graminoids. Path analysis suggested that the decrease in Rs and Rh under droughts was through low soil water content induced reduction in MBC and GPP. These findings demonstrate that responses of Rs to droughts depend on seasonal timing and communities. Future droughts with different seasonal timing and induced shifts in plant structure would bring large uncertainty in predicting C dynamics under climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqi Wen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Tang
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Yanshan Mountains Earth Critical Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu M, Zhao Z, Zhou H, Ma L, Liu X. Plant Allometric Growth Enhanced by the Change in Soil Stoichiometric Characteristics With Depth in an Alpine Meadow Under Climate Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860980. [PMID: 35615124 PMCID: PMC9125202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global warming have warmed the climate of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) leading to changes in plant growth and soil nutrients in the alpine meadows. However, few studies have addressed the effects of warming on plant allometric growth and soil stoichiometry in these meadows on a long-term scale. Therefore, the effects of soil stoichiometry on plant allometric growth remain unclear under long-term warming in the alpine meadows. This study adopted infrared radiators to conduct an 8-year warming experiment in a permafrost region on the QTP starting in 2010, and surveyed growth indices of the plant community during the growing season. Soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) in an alpine meadow were measured. We initially learned that the aboveground part of the alpine meadow vegetation in the warming treatment changed from an isometric to an allometric growth pattern while the allometric growth pattern of the belowground part was further strengthened. Second, the contents of soil C, N, and P decreased at the 0-20 cm depth and increased at the 20-30 cm depth in warming. The ratios of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P showed increasing trends at different soil depths with artificial warming, and their amplitudes increased with soil depths. Warming promoted the migration of soil stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P to deep soil. Finally, the correlations of plant growth with soil stoichiometric characteristics were weakened by warming, demonstrating that the downward migration of soil stoichiometric characteristics to deep soil in warming had effects on the growth of vegetation in the alpine meadow. It concludes that the change in soil stoichiometric characteristics with soil depths promotes plant allometric growth in the alpine meadow under climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manhou Xu
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu D, Chang PHS, Power SA, Bell JNB, Manning P. Changes in plant species abundance alter the multifunctionality and functional space of heathland ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1238-1249. [PMID: 34346089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though it is well established that species composition affects ecosystem function, the way in which species combine to control overall ecosystem functioning is still debated. In experimental mesocosms, we planted three functionally distinct dry-heath species in varying proportions and measured multiple ecosystem properties related to nutrient cycling and carbon storage (hereafter functions). Overall ecosystem functioning was described as the main axes of variation in ecosystem functioning (functional space) and the proportion of ecosystem functions at high levels; for example, fast carbon and nutrient cycling (cluster-based multifunctionality). The first functional space axis, related to nitrogen availability, was driven by plant species abundance, particularly that of legumes, which strongly affected many individual functions. The second, related to total plant biomass and woodiness, was mostly driven by the abundance of dwarf shrubs. Similarly, cluster-based multifunctionality was related to the initial abundance of all species, but particularly the legume. Interactions between species also affected ecosystem multifunctionality, but these effects were smaller in magnitude. These results indicate that species interactions could play a secondary role to species abundance and identity in driving the overall ecosystem functioning of heathlands, but also that axes of variation in functional space are clearly linked to plant functional composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Catalonia, E-08193, Spain
| | - Pi-Hui S Chang
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Research Division III, Taiwan Research Institute on Water Resources and Agriculture (TRIWRA), 19F, No. 27-8, Section 2, Zhongzheng East Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Sally A Power
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John N B Bell
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Peter Manning
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, D-60325, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of the weather conditions, due to global climate change, greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, but also plant survival. Since water shortage is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the capability of crop species to grow with limited water is therefore fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, we evaluated the responses of wild tomato accession Solanum pennellii LA0716, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Μ82, the introgression line IL12-4 (from cv. M82 Χ LA0716), and the Greek tomato cultivars cv. Santorini and cv. Zakinthos, to moderate drought stress (MoDS) and severe drought stress (SDS), in order to identify the minimum irrigation level for efficient photosynthetic performance. Agronomic traits (plant height, number of leaves and root/shoot biomass), relative water content (RWC), and lipid peroxidation, were also measured. Under almost 50% deficit irrigation, S. pennellii exhibited an enhanced photosynthetic function by displaying a hormetic response of electron transport rate (ETR), due to an increased fraction of open reaction centers, it is suggested to be activated by the low increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A low increase of ROS is regarded to be beneficial by stimulating defense responses and also triggering a more oxidized redox state of quinone A (QA), corresponding in S. pennellii under 50% deficit irrigation, to the lowest stomatal opening, resulting in reduction of water loss. Solanumpennellii was the most tolerant to drought, as it was expected, and could manage to have an adequate photochemical function with almost 30% water regime of well-watered plants. With 50% deficit irrigation, cv. Μ82 and cv. Santorini did not show any difference in photochemical efficiency to control plants and are recommended to be cultivated under deficit irrigation as an effective strategy to enhance agricultural sustainability under a global climate change. We conclude that instead of the previously used Fv/Fm ratio, the redox state of QA, as it can be estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1 - qL, is a better indicator to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency and select drought tolerant cultivars under deficit irrigation.
Collapse
|