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Meng R, Li Z, Kang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Wu Y, Dong S, Li X, Gao L, Chu X, Yang G, Yuan X, Wang J. High Overexpression of SiAAP9 Leads to Growth Inhibition and Protein Ectopic Localization in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5840. [PMID: 38892028 PMCID: PMC11172308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid permeases (AAPs) transporters are crucial for the long-distance transport of amino acids in plants, from source to sink. While Arabidopsis and rice have been extensively studied, research on foxtail millet is limited. This study identified two transcripts of SiAAP9, both of which were induced by NO3- and showed similar expression patterns. The overexpression of SiAAP9L and SiAAP9S in Arabidopsis inhibited plant growth and seed size, although SiAAP9 was found to transport more amino acids into seeds. Furthermore, SiAAP9-OX transgenic Arabidopsis showed increased tolerance to high concentrations of glutamate (Glu) and histidine (His). The high overexpression level of SiAAP9 suggested its protein was not only located on the plasma membrane but potentially on other organelles, as well. Interestingly, sequence deletion reduced SiAAP9's sensitivity to Brefeldin A (BFA), and SiAAP9 had ectopic localization on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Protoplast amino acid uptake experiments indicated that SiAAP9 enhanced Glu transport into foxtail millet cells. Overall, the two transcripts of SiAAP9 have similar functions, but SiAAP9L shows a higher colocalization with BFA compartments compared to SiAAP9S. Our research identifies a potential candidate gene for enhancing the nutritional quality of foxtail millet through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xueting Kang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yujia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yiru Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yuchao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Shuqi Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jiagang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (R.M.); (Z.L.); (X.K.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (S.D.); (X.L.); (L.G.); (X.C.); (G.Y.)
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Li J, Li Q, Guo N, Xian Q, Lan B, Nangia V, Mo F, Liu Y. Polyamines mediate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on nitrogen reallocation and utilization to regulate grain number in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1016-1035. [PMID: 37813095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to grain formation in wheat. Nitrogen (N) plays crucial roles in plant organ development; however, the physiological mechanisms by which drought stress affects plant N availability and mediates the formation of grains in spikes of winter wheat are still unclear. In this study, we determined that pre-reproductive drought stress significantly reduced the number of fertile florets and the number of grains formed. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that this was related to N metabolism, and in particular, the metabolism pathways of arginine (the main precursor for synthesis of polyamine) and proline. Continuous drought stress restricted plant N accumulation and reallocation rates, and plants preferentially allocated more N to spike development. As the activities of amino acid biosynthesis enzymes and catabolic enzymes were inhibited, more free amino acids accumulated in young spikes. The expression of polyamine synthase genes was down-regulated under drought stress, whilst expression of genes encoding catabolic enzymes was enhanced, resulting in reductions in endogenous spermidine and putrescine. Treatment with exogenous spermidine optimized N allocation in young spikes and leaves, which greatly alleviated the drought-induced reduction in the number of grains per spike. Overall, our results show that pre-reproductive drought stress affects wheat grain numbers by regulating N redistribution and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Nian Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qinglin Xian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bing Lan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Vinay Nangia
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299-10112, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
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Li H, Yu K, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Wan J, He H, Fan C. Targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes reveals functional divergence in seed coat colour, oil content and fatty acid composition in Brassica napus L. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:445-459. [PMID: 37856327 PMCID: PMC10826991 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Yellow-seed is widely accepted as a good-quality trait in Brassica crops. Previous studies have shown that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is essential for the development of seed colour, but its function in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, is poorly understood. To systematically explore the gene functions of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in rapeseed, several representative TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes, including three structural genes (BnaTT7, BnaTT18, BnaTT10), two regulatory genes (BnaTT1, BnaTT2) and a transporter (BnaTT12), were selected for targeted mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 in the present study. Seed coat colour, lignin content, seed quality and yield-related traits were investigated in these Bnatt mutants together with Bnatt8 generated previously. These Bnatt mutants produced seeds with an elevated seed oil content and decreased pigment and lignin accumulation in the seed coat without any serious defects in the yield-related traits. In addition, the fatty acid (FA) composition was also altered to different degrees, i.e., decreased oleic acid and increased linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, in all Bnatt mutants except Bnatt18. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that most of BnaTT mutations resulted in the down-regulation of key genes related to flavonoid and lignin synthesis, and the up-regulation of key genes related to lipid synthesis and oil body formation, which may contribute to the phenotype. Collectively, our study generated valuable resources for breeding programs, and more importantly demonstrated the functional divergence and overlap of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in seed coat colour, oil content and FA composition of rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Kaidi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zilu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yalun Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jiakai Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hanzi He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubeiChina
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Liu L, Chen J, Gu C, Wang S, Xue Y, Wang Z, Han L, Song W, Liu X, Zhang J, Li M, Li C, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhou Z. The exocyst subunit CsExo70B promotes both fruit length and disease resistance via regulating receptor kinase abundance at plasma membrane in cucumber. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:347-362. [PMID: 37795910 PMCID: PMC10826989 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence against pathogens generally occurs at the expense of growth and yield. Uncoupling the inverse relationship between growth and defence is of great importance for crop breeding, while the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms remain largely elusive. The exocytosis complex was shown to play an important role in the trafficking of receptor kinases (RKs) to the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we found a Cucumis sativus exocytosis subunit Exo70B (CsExo70B) regulates the abundance of both development and defence RKs at the PM to promote fruit elongation and disease resistance in cucumber. Knockout of CsExo70B resulted in shorter fruit and susceptibility to pathogens. Mechanistically, CsExo70B associates with the developmental RK CsERECTA, which promotes fruit longitudinal growth in cucumber, and contributes to its accumulation at the PM. On the other side, CsExo70B confers to the spectrum resistance to pathogens in cucumber via a similar regulatory module of defence RKs. Moreover, CsExo70B overexpression lines showed an increased fruit yield as well as disease resistance. Collectively, our work reveals a regulatory mechanism that CsExo70B promotes both fruit elongation and disease resistance by maintaining appropriate RK levels at the PM and thus provides a possible strategy for superior cucumber breeding with high yield and robust pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiacai Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chaoheng Gu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yufan Xue
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lijie Han
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya lnstitute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya lnstitute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya lnstitute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
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Sun L, Li SD, Li Y, Wang L, Pu XM, Ge YP, Na Q, Li WH, Cheng XH. Population genetics provides insights into the important agronomic traits of Ganoderma cultivation varieties in China. Gene 2024; 893:147938. [PMID: 38381508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and genetic differentiation of the genome of the main cultivated strains of Ganoderma in China. Population genomics analysis was conducted based on 150 cultivated strains of Ganoderma collected nationwide. The results indicated that the main species currently cultivated in China were Ganoderma sichuanense and Ganoderma lucidum, with a minor proportion of Ganoderma sessile, Ganoderma weberianum, Ganoderma sinense, Ganoderma gibbosum and Ganoderma australe. A total of 336,506 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained through population evolution analysis. The Fst values were calculated using a 5-kb sliding window, which ranged from 0.11 to 0.74. This suggests varying degrees of genetic differentiation between populations and genetic exchange among varieties. On this basis, the genes related to the stipe length, cap color and branch phenotypes of Ganoderma were excavated, and the region with the top 1% ZFst value region was used as a candidate region. A total of 137, 270 and 222 candidate genes were identified in the aforementioned 3 phenotypes, respectively. Gene annotation revealed that genes associated with stipe length were mainly related to cell division and differentiation, including proteins such as Nse4 protein and DIM1 protein. The genes related to Ganoderma red color were mainly related to the metabolism of tryptophan and flavonoids. The genes related to the branch were mainly related to cytokinin synthesis, ABC transporter and cytochrome P450. This study provided 150 valuable genome resequencing data in assessing the diversity and genetic differentiation of Ganoderma and laid a foundation for agronomic trait analysis and the development of new varieties of Ganoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shi-da Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yin Li
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiu-Min Pu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yu-Peng Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Qin Na
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wei-Huan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xian-Hao Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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