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Peng Z, Zeng Y, Tan Q, He Q, Wang S, Wang J. 6-Gingerol alleviates ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle by regulating CD36 translocation and mitochondrial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149786. [PMID: 38493545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ectopic lipid deposition (ELD) and mitochondrial dysfunction are common causes of metabolic disorders in humans. Consuming too much fructose can result in mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders. 6-Gingerol, the main component of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), has been proven to alleviate metabolic disorders. This study seeks to examine the effects of 6-gingerol on metabolic disorders caused by fructose and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, the results showed that 6-Gingerol ameliorated high-fructose-induced metabolic disorders. Moreover, it inhibited CD36 membrane translocation, increased CD36 expression in the mitochondria, and decreased the O-GlcNAc modification of CD36 and OGT expression in vitro and vivo. In addition, 6-Gingerol enhanced the performance of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle and boosted the respiratory capability of L6 myotubes. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights for the development of lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifeng He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.
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Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S. Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366946. [PMID: 38746011 PMCID: PMC11091304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition. This literature review aims to explore the role of natural products including herbs, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and dietary supplements in managing metabolic syndrome. Methods This scoping review was conducted in five steps, involving the formulation of a research question, the retrieval and extraction of relevant studies, the selection of pertinent studies, the organization of information into tables, and the reporting of results. Data was collected from various databases including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies published from 2010 to the present, available in English and with full-text accessibility. Results We identified 1,259 articles, screened their titles, abstracts, and full texts, ultimately incorporating 169 pertinent articles into this review (comprising 90 review articles, 32 trial articles, 6 in vitro articles, 38 in vivo articles, 1 experimental article and 2 observational articles). The study's outcomes revealed that natural products, encompassing plants and their derivatives, vitamins and supplements, as well as probiotics, can exert a beneficial influence on metabolic syndrome by regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lipid profiles, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Conclusion The current study underscores the significance of natural products in addressing metabolic syndrome. Consequently, it is advisable to conduct further extensive research to assess the efficacy of these products, potentially integrating them into treatment regimens for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S. Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition. This literature review aims to explore the role of natural products including herbs, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and dietary supplements in managing metabolic syndrome.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in five steps, involving the formulation of a research question, the retrieval and extraction of relevant studies, the selection of pertinent studies, the organization of information into tables, and the reporting of results. Data was collected from various databases including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies published from 2010 to the present, available in English and with full-text accessibility.ResultsWe identified 1,259 articles, screened their titles, abstracts, and full texts, ultimately incorporating 169 pertinent articles into this review (comprising 90 review articles, 32 trial articles, 6 in vitro articles, 38 in vivo articles, 1 experimental article and 2 observational articles). The study’s outcomes revealed that natural products, encompassing plants and their derivatives, vitamins and supplements, as well as probiotics, can exert a beneficial influence on metabolic syndrome by regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lipid profiles, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels.ConclusionThe current study underscores the significance of natural products in addressing metabolic syndrome. Consequently, it is advisable to conduct further extensive research to assess the efficacy of these products, potentially integrating them into treatment regimens for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Merenda T, Juszczak F, Ferier E, Duez P, Patris S, Declèves AÉ, Nachtergael A. Natural compounds proposed for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38556609 PMCID: PMC10982245 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents as an intricate condition characterized by a growing prevalence, the often-recommended lifestyle interventions mostly lack high-level evidence of efficacy and there are currently no effective drugs proposed for this indication. The present review delves into NAFLD pathology, its diverse underlying physiopathological mechanisms and the available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding the use of natural compounds for its management, through three pivotal targets (oxidative stress, cellular inflammation, and insulin resistance). The promising perspectives that natural compounds offer for NAFLD management underscore the need for additional clinical and lifestyle intervention trials. Encouraging further research will contribute to establishing more robust evidence and practical recommendations tailored to patients with varying NAFLD grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théodora Merenda
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Florian Juszczak
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Ferier
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Patris
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Anne-Émilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Amandine Nachtergael
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium.
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Park YJ, Seo DW, Gil TY, Kim HJ, Jin JS, Cha YY, An HJ. Sipyimigwanjung-tang, a traditional herbal medication, alleviates weight gain in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27463. [PMID: 38495187 PMCID: PMC10943437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to the development of metabolic syndrome and comorbidities. Overweight and obesity continue to be a relentless global issue. Sipyimigwanjung-tang (SGT), a traditional herbal medication, was first mentioned in Dongui Sasang Shinpyun and has been used to treat edema, meteorism, and jaundice, which are common findings associated with obesity. The main physiological feature of obesity is expanded adipose tissue, which causes several impairments in liver metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of SGT in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. SGT significantly blocked HFD-induced weight gain in C57BL/6N mice. In addition, SGT effectively reduced the increased weight and adipocyte size in eWAT of HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 N mice. Moreover, SGT significantly decreased the elevated gene expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 in the eWAT of HFD-induced obese mice. Furthermore, SGT significantly decreased lipid accumulation in the livers of HFD-induced obese mice and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Hence, the present study provides substantial evidence that SGT has potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Seo
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Gil
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lee YG, Lee SR, Baek HJ, Kwon JE, Baek NI, Kang TH, Kim H, Kang SC. The Effects of Body Fat Reduction through the Metabolic Control of Steam-Processed Ginger Extract in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2982. [PMID: 38474229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing globally due to behavioral and environmental changes. There are many therapeutic agents available for the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, but the data on their efficacy and safety are lacking. Through a pilot study by our group, Zingiber officinale rhizomes used as a spice and functional food were selected as an anti-obesity candidate. In this study, steam-processed ginger extract (GGE) was used and we compared its efficacy at alleviating metabolic syndrome-related symptoms with that of conventional ginger extract (GE). Compared with GE, GGE (25-100 μg/mL) had an increased antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. GGE was better at suppressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and promoting glucose utilization in C2C12 cells than GE. In 16-week high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice, GGE (100 and 200 mg/kg) improved biochemical profiles, including lipid status and liver function, to a greater extent than GE (200 mg/kg). The supplementation of HFD-fed mice with GGE (200 mg/kg) resulted in the downregulation of SREBP-1c and FAS gene expression in the liver. Collectively, our results indicate that GGE is a promising therapeutic for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Adarthaiya S, Sehgal A. Moringa oleifera Lam. as a potential plant for alleviation of the metabolic syndrome-A narrative review based on in vivo and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:755-775. [PMID: 38015048 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the co-occurrence of risk factors, including hyperglycaemia, increased body weight, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which eventually lead to diabetes and cardiovascular disease, a common health problem worldwide. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of plant-based products for the management of MetS, because of their less detrimental and more beneficial effects. Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae), commonly known as drumstick, is cultivated worldwide for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This review focuses on the in vivo and human studies concerning the potential of M. oleifera in the alleviation of MetS and its comorbidities. The search for relevant articles was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Randomised controlled and clinical trials from the PubMed database were included in this review. The results suggested that the administration of M. oleifera, in vivo, shows clear signs of improvement in MetS indices. Despite fewer human studies, the existing data documented convincing results that uphold the potential of M. oleifera against MetS. Therefore, future research discussing the probable mechanism of action is much needed which could further assure the usage of M. oleifera in the treatment regimen of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikrupa Adarthaiya
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amit Sehgal
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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Preciado-Ortiz ME, Martinez-Lopez E, Rodriguez-Echevarría R, Perez-Robles M, Gembe-Olivarez G, Rivera-Valdés JJ. 10‑Gingerol, a novel ginger compound, exhibits antiadipogenic effects without compromising cell viability in 3T3‑L1 cells. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:105. [PMID: 38025831 PMCID: PMC10646760 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation that can be detrimental to health and currently affects a large part of the global population. Obesity arises from excessive energy intake along with a sedentary lifestyle and leads to adipocytes with aggravated hypertrophy. Strategies have been designed to prevent and treat obesity. Nutrigenomics may serve a role in prevention of obesity using bioactive compounds present in certain foods with anti-obesogenic effects. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) contains gingerols, key bioactive compounds that inhibit hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiadipogenic activity of 10-gingerol (10-G) in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Three study groups were formed: Negative (3T3-L1 preadipocytes) and positive control (mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes) and 10-G (3T3-L1 preadipocytes stimulated with 10-G during adipogenic differentiation). Cell viability and lipid content were evaluated by MTT assay and Oil Red O staining, respectively. mRNA expression of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (Mtor), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (Acaca), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), and 18S rRNA (Rn18s), was quantified by quantitative PCR. The protein expression of C/EPBα was analyzed by western blot. In the 10-G group, lipid content was decreased by 28.83% (P<0.0001) compared with the positive control; notably, cell viability was not affected (P=0.336). The mRNA expression in the 10-G group was higher for C/ebpα (P<0.001) and lower for Acaca (P<0.001), Fabp4 (P<0.001), Mtor (P<0.0001) and Srebf1 (P<0.0001) compared with the positive control group, while gene expression of Pparγ did not present significant changes. The presence of 10-G notably decreased C/EBPα protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In summary, the antiadipogenic effect of 10-G during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes may be explained by mRNA downregulation of adipogenic transcriptional factors and lipid metabolism-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elizabeth Preciado-Ortiz
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
- PhD Program in Translational Nutrition Sciences, Department of Human Reproduction and Child Growth and Development, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarría
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Mariana Perez-Robles
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Gembe-Olivarez
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
- Bachelor's Nutrition Program, Department of Human Reproduction and Child Growth and Development, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Juan José Rivera-Valdés
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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Naraki K, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Ajiboye BO, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of ellagic acid on the metabolic syndrome: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21844. [PMID: 38027887 PMCID: PMC10661066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that includes hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Ellagic acid is found in various fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to have several pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic. Our current study aims to shed light on the probable efficiency of ellagic acid in managing metabolic syndrome and its complications. Materials and methods To prepare the present review, the databases or search engines utilized included Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and relevant articles have been gathered with no time limit until March 2023. Results Several investigations indicated that ellagic acid could be a potent compound for the treatment of many disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia by various mechanisms, including increasing insulin secretion, insulin receptor substrate protein 1 expression, regulating glucose transporter 4, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), attenuating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress in related tissues. Furthermore, ellagic acid ameliorates mitochondrial function, upregulates uncoupling protein 1 (found in brown and white adipose tissues), and regulates blood levels of nitrate/nitrite and vascular relaxations in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion Ellagic acid can treat or manage metabolic syndrome and associated complications, according to earlier studies. To validate the beneficial effects of ellagic acid on metabolic syndrome, additional preclinical and clinical research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Indla E, Rajasekar KV, Naveen Kumar B, Kumar SS, Chelli S, Babu Sayana S. Neurohistopathological Alterations Induced by Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis Extracts in Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Cureus 2023; 15:e48492. [PMID: 38073976 PMCID: PMC10704851 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is often associated with neurohistopathological changes, resulting in cognitive deficits. This study aimed to explore the neurohistopathological alterations induced by Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts in diabetic male Wistar rats. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 64 male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 12 weeks were allocated evenly into eight different groups. The first group, consisting of eight rats, served as the control, receiving only a standard diet with no additional treatment. The second group was treated with 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan to induce a diabetic model. The third group received a metformin treatment at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. The fourth and fifth groups were administered with Theobroma cacao and Camellia sinensis extracts, respectively, at respective doses of 340 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight. Groups six and seven were diabetic models treated with either Theobroma cacao extract (340 mg/kg) or Camellia sinensis extract (200 mg/kg). The eighth group, another diabetic model, was treated with a combination of both extracts at the same doses. Brain tissues were harvested at the end of an eight-week treatment period for histopathological evaluation. Cresyl violet staining was the method used for histopathological examination of the harvested brain tissues. Results Histopathological evaluations revealed normal neuronal structures in the control group. Alloxan-treated rats displayed significant neurodegeneration, including vacuolization and apoptosis. Metformin treatment showed moderate improvements in the neural architecture. Remarkably, Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts exhibited protective effects against neurodegeneration in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Furthermore, a combination of both extracts in diabetic rats led to synergistic improvements in the neural structures, closely approximating normal conditions. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the groups (F(7,56) = 24.11, p < 0.001). A Tukey post hoc test further indicated significant improvements in Metformin, Theobroma Cacao, and Camellia Sinensis-treated groups compared to the alloxan-induced diabetes model. Conclusions Both Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts unveiled notable promise in countering the neurohistopathological alterations spurred by diabetes in the study. This pioneering observation accentuates the innovative possibility of utilizing these natural extracts as potential therapeutic agents for neural complications in diabetes mellitus. The compelling findings of this study contribute significantly to the existing body of research and emphatically advocate for further exhaustive exploration into the mechanistic actions of Theobroma Cacao and Camellia Sinensis extracts. The understanding gleaned from such in-depth studies could revolutionize the approach to managing and treating neural complications associated with diabetes, thereby enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Indla
- Department of Anatomy, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, IND
| | - K V Rajasekar
- Department of Radiology, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - S Saravana Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Sudhakara Chelli
- Department of Anatomy, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, KNR university, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Suresh Babu Sayana
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Suryapet, IND
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Foshati S, Poursadeghfard M, Heidari Z, Amani R. The effects of ginger supplementation on common gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 37891539 PMCID: PMC10605938 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms affect more than 80% of individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Ginger is widely known for its GI relieving properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ginger supplementation on common GI symptoms in RRMS patients. METHODS This study was a 12-week double-blind parallel randomized controlled trial with a 3-week run-in period. The intervention (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups received 500 mg ginger and placebo (as corn) supplements 3 times a day along with main meals, respectively. At the beginning and end of the trial, the frequency and severity of constipation, dysphagia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, belching, flatulence, heartburn, anorexia, and nausea were assessed using the visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Totally, 49 participants completed the study. However, data analysis was performed on all 52 participants based on the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS In comparison with placebo, ginger supplementation resulted in significant or near-significant reductions in the frequency (-23.63 ± 5.36 vs. 14.81 ± 2.78, P < 0.001) and severity (-24.15 ± 5.10 vs. 11.39 ± 3.23, P < 0.001) of constipation, the frequency (-12.41 ± 3.75 vs. 3.75 ± 1.82, P < 0.001) and severity (-13.43 ± 4.91 vs. 6.88 ± 2.69, P = 0.001) of nausea, the frequency (-9.31 ± 4.44 vs. 1.56 ± 4.05, P = 0.098) and severity (-11.57 ± 5.09 vs. 3.97 ± 3.99, P = 0.047) of bloating, and the severity of abdominal pain (-5.69 ± 3.66 vs. 3.43 ± 3.26, P = 0.069). CONCLUSION Ginger consumption can improve constipation, nausea, bloating, and abdominal pain in patients with RRMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) under the registration number IRCT20180818040827N3 on 06/10/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Foshati
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Poursadeghfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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12
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Ghoreishi PS, Shams M, Nimrouzi M, Zarshenas MM, Lankarani KB, Fallahzadeh Abarghooei E, Talebzadeh M, Hashempur MH. The Effects of Ginger ( Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:294-312. [PMID: 37817641 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2263788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent etiological factor for liver cirrhosis worldwide. It is frequently associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have NAFLD. In a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, seventy-six patients diagnosed with both T2DM and NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either ginger powder capsules (1000 mg, twice daily) or placebo capsules (administered in the same manner) for a period of three months. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, biochemical profiles, and imaging parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Safety measures were also evaluated. In both the ginger and placebo groups, there was a significant reduction in mean body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, as well as liver transaminase levels. Moreover, significant improvements in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were observed in the ginger group (p = 0.02 and < 0.0001, respectively). Within the ginger group, there was a decrease in serum insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, the ginger group exhibited an improvement in serum HDL-cholesterol level (p = 0.01). However, there were no significant changes in the assessed inflammatory markers or the indices obtained from fibroscan imaging, including steatosis percent and controlled attenuation parameter. This study demonstrates that ginger supplementation can significantly improve mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, it does not have a significant impact on inflammatory markers or fibroscan imaging indices. Nonetheless, the three-month use of ginger improves serum insulin level, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HDL-cholesterol level compared to baseline values. Further investigations with longer durations and larger sample sizes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Sadat Ghoreishi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Nimrouzi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Fallahzadeh Abarghooei
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Nna VU, McGrowder D, Nwokocha C. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1123-1142. [PMID: 33770443 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1903041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Physiology Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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14
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Zhang Q, Jia Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Tian X, Han S. The effects of medicinal and food homologous substances on blood lipid and blood glucose levels and liver function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:137. [PMID: 37644446 PMCID: PMC10464055 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide. According to several previous studies, the treatment of patients with NAFLD using medicinal and food-homologous substances has consistent effects on the levels of blood lipids and blood glucose and liver function. OBJECTIVE This systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of medicinal and food homologous substances on blood lipid and glucose levels as well as liver function in patients with NAFLD. METHODS A thorough search was conducted in eight databases, including China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase, for articles published from database inception until June 24, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated utilizing Cochrane Randomized Trial Risk Bias Tool, Edition 2 and GRADE methodology for assessment. RESULTS A total of 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 829 patients with NAFLD, were included in the analysis, these studies included a total of 9 medicinal and food homologous substances. In the 13 studies, hawthorn (2), sea buckthorn (1), ginger (2), turmeric (4) (1 with chicory seeds), cinnamon (1), cardamom (1), purslane (1) and saffron (1) were included. The results of the included studies showed that medicinal and food homologous substances could improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and liver enzyme levels in patients with NAFLD to a certain extent, but the effect of turmeric on TC, liver enzyme levels is controversial. CONCLUSION In patients with NAFLD, dietary intervention using medicinal and food homologous substances can ameliorate blood lipid and blood glucose levels and liver enzymes to some extent. In clinical work, medicinal and food homologous substances can be used to provide patients with NAFLD with a safe and effective dietary plan to help prevent and treat disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital/Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Nursing/Research Center of Dietary Therapy Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yatian Jia
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital/Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Li
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- Department of Infection and Toxic Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shifan Han
- School of Nursing/Research Center of Dietary Therapy Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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15
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Bafandeh S, Khodadadi E, Ganbarov K, Asgharzadeh M, Köse Ş, Samadi Kafil H. Natural Products as a Potential Source of Promising Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Viral Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5525165. [PMID: 37096202 PMCID: PMC10122587 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5525165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Background A global pandemic has recently been observed due to the new coronavirus disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since there are currently no antiviral medicines to combat the highly contagious and lethal COVID-19 infection, identifying natural sources that can either be viricidal or boost the immune system and aid in the fight against the disease can be an essential therapeutic support. Methods This review was conducted based on published papers related to the herbal therapy of COVID-19 by search on databases including PubMed and Scopus with herbal, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and therapy keywords. Results To combat this condition, people may benefit from the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants, such as increasing their immune system or providing an antiviral impact. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 infection death rates can be reduced. Various traditional medicinal plants and their bioactive components, such as COVID-19, are summarized in this article to assist in gathering and debating techniques for combating microbial diseases in general and boosting our immune system in particular. Conclusion The immune system benefits from natural products and many of these play a role in activating antibody creation, maturation of immune cells, and stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The lack of particular antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 means that apitherapy might be a viable option for reducing the hazards associated with COVID-19 in the absence of specific antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Bafandeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Khudaverdi Ganbarov
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Şükran Köse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Abazari O, Shakibaee A, Shahriary A, Arabzadeh E, Hofmeister M. Hepatoprotective effects of moderate-intensity interval training along with ginger juice in an old male rat model. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:437-452. [PMID: 36692542 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process coupled with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, gradually associated with losing organ function over time. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to peruse the protective effects of 8-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and ginger extract supplementation on some biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in the liver of elderly males Wistar rats (animal study with ethical code IR.BMSU.REC.1401.015). A total of thirty-two 22-month-aged male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) control, (2) MIIT, (3) ginger, and (4) MIIT + ginger. After 8 weeks of treadmill training and ginger extract supplementation, the biochemical parameters (liver enzyme and lipid profile), inflammatory mediators (leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde), antioxidant biomarkers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity), some lipid metabolism regulators (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, CD36, and AMP-activated protein kinase), and liver histopathological changes were appraised. The acquired findings pointed out that MIIT combined with ginger extract appreciably diminished the serum levels of LRG1, liver enzymes, and lipid profile relative to the other groups after 8 weeks of intervention. Furthermore, ginger + MIIT caused a great improvement in the liver levels of antioxidant biomarkers, pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, lipid metabolism regulators, and liver tissue impairment compared to the other groups. The findings suggested that MIIT + ginger was more effective in improving examined indices relative to the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Abazari
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Consumer Centre of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
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17
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Diakos A, Silva ML, Brito J, Moncada M, de Mesquita MF, Bernardo MA. The Effect of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Aqueous Extract on Postprandial Glycemia in Nondiabetic Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051037. [PMID: 36900554 PMCID: PMC10001081 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger has shown beneficial effects on blood glucose control due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of ginger aqueous extract on postprandial glucose levels in nondiabetic adults and characterized its antioxidant activity. Twenty-four nondiabetic participants were randomly assigned into two groups (NCT05152745), the intervention group (n = 12) and the control group (n = 12). Both groups were administered 200 mL of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), after which participants in the intervention group ingested 100 mL of ginger extract (0.2 g/100 mL). Postprandial blood glucose was measured while fasting and after 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of ginger extract were quantified. In the intervention group, the incremental area under the curve for glucose levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001) and the maximum glucose concentration significantly reduced (p < 0.001). The extract possessed a polyphenolic content of 13.85 mg gallic acid equivalent/L, a flavonoid content of 3.35 mg quercetin equivalent/L, and a high superoxide radical inhibitory capacity (45.73%). This study showed that ginger has a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis under acute conditions and encourages the use of ginger extract as a promising source of natural antioxidants.
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18
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The Positive Effect of 6-Gingerol on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Prediabetic Mice: Potential Pathways and Underlying Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040824. [PMID: 36839182 PMCID: PMC9968036 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposes of the present work are to assess how 6-gingerol (6G) positively influences serum glucose regulation in mice with prediabetes triggered by streptozotocin (STZ) plus a high-fat diet (HFD) and to clarify its underlying mechanisms. An analysis of prediabetic symptoms and biochemical characteristics found that 6G intervention was significantly associated with reduced fasting glucose levels, alleviated insulin resistance, better glucose tolerance, hepatic and pancreatic impairment, and dyslipidemia. For the recognition of the target gut microbiota and the pathways linked to 6G's hypoglycemic function, a combination of hepatic RNA and 16S rRNA sequencing was employed. Specifically, 6G significantly improved the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and elevated the relative abundances of Alistipes, Alloprevotella, and Ruminococcus_1. Furthermore, 6G supplementation inhibited gluconeogenesis and stimulated glycolysis by activating the PI3K/AKT axis, which also repressed the oxidative stress through Nrf2/Keap1-axis initiation. In addition, Spearman's correlation analyses reveal a complex interdependency set among the gut microbiota, metabolic variables, and signaling axes. Taken together, the hypoglycemic effect of 6G is partially mediated by altered gut microbiota, as well as by activated Nrf2/Keap1 and PI3K/AKT axes. Thus, 6G may be used as a candidate dietary supplement for relieving prediabetes.
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19
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Al Asoom L, Alassaf MA, AlSulaiman NS, Boumarah DN, Almubireek AM, Alkaltham GK, Alhawaj HA, Alkhamis T, Rafique N, Alsunni A, Latif R, Alsaif S, Almohazey D, AbdulAzeez S, Borgio JF. The Effectiveness of Nigella sativa and Ginger as Appetite Suppressants: An Experimental Study on Healthy Wistar Rats. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:1-11. [PMID: 36647392 PMCID: PMC9840438 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s396295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a global pandemic that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Natural herbs are commonly used for weight reduction and appetite suppression. Therefore, we aim to investigate the role and mechanism of Nigella sativa (NS) and ginger on weight reduction and appetite regulation. Methods This experimental study was performed at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Twenty-five female rats were distributed into 5 groups: NS (oral 1000mg/kg), Ginger (500 mg/kg), NS-ginger (both interventions), a positive control (intraperitoneal 50 μg/kg Liraglutide), and a negative control. Each intervention was given for 9 weeks. Food intake and body weight were assessed weekly. Serum lipid profile and peptides involved in appetite control (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), ghrelin, peptide YY, and orexin) were assayed at the end of the experiment. Results None of the interventions showed a statistically significant difference regarding food consumption or weight gain (p > 0.05). However, the three interventions significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), NS and NS-ginger significantly increased HDL, NS increased ghrelin and ginger increased orexin. Conclusion The present dose and duration of NS, ginger, or in combination did not demonstrate a significant change in body weight or food consumption in comparison to the negative or positive controls. However, NS or ginger has improved the lipid profile by reducing TC and increasing HDL. In addition, NS or ginger can influence some of the peptides involved in appetite regulation such as the increase in ghrelin induced by NS and the reduction of orexin induced by ginger. We believe that these latter effects are novel and might indicate a promising effect of these natural products on appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alassaf
- King Fahd hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najd S AlSulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhuha N Boumarah
- Department of Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aldana M Almubireek
- King Fahd hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaeda K Alkaltham
- King Fahd hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Alhawaj
- Animal House, Environmental Health Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taleb Alkhamis
- Animal House, Environmental Health Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsunni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Alsaif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Zagórska J, Czernicka-Boś L, Kukula-Koch W, Iłowiecka K, Koch W. Impact of Thermal Processing on the Selected Biological Activities of Ginger Rhizome-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:412. [PMID: 36615602 PMCID: PMC9824518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a spice, medicinal and cosmetic plant that has been known for centuries. It can be used in dried, fresh, marinated or candied form, and is also an essential ingredient in well-known curry blends. Ginger rhizomes are often freeze-dried as the first step in the preparation of the raw material. Many studies have proved that the composition and biological activity of ginger changes due to thermal processing. Therefore, the aim of the review was to summarize the scientific results on the impact of traditional and unconventional methods of the heat treatment of ginger rhizomes and their influence on the antioxidant and other selected biological activities of the plant. The review of the available scientific data is inconclusive, and it is hard to state unequivocally whether the thermal treatment of the raw material increases or decreases biological activity. Based on the presented literature review, it can be concluded that traditional cooking and microwave processing in general decrease the antioxidant activity of the ginger rhizome, whereas frying, autoclaving, blanching or traditional drying in the sun mostly lead to a significant increase in ginger activity. Interesting data were presented in the works describing the freeze-drying process during which the antioxidant potential of ginger increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zagórska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Lidia Czernicka-Boś
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Iłowiecka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Gumbarewicz E, Jarząb A, Stepulak A, Kukula-Koch W. Zingiber officinale Rosc. in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome Disorders-A Review of In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15545. [PMID: 36555184 PMCID: PMC9779757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective reaction of the innate immune system as a response to imbalances caused by a specific stimulus, a disease or a pathogen. A prolonged inflammatory condition may lead to the development of metabolic syndrome, which affects more than one-fourth of the world's population. This condition leads to the development of multi-organ disorders based on disrupted blood lipid and sugar levels, hypertension and oxidative stress. The review aims to present Zingiber officinale Rosc. as a plant that exhibits a variety of healing properties and restores the organism's equilibrium. Ginger (GI) rhizomes have been commonly used in traditional medicine to treat arthritis, stomach ache, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, rheumatism, nervous system syndromes, asthma, diabetes and nausea caused by pregnancy or chemotherapy. This review gathers together data from in vivo experiments related to the application of ginger for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, obesity, diabetes and other related disorders as a consequence of metabolic syndrome, including the confirmed molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Jarząb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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22
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Veisi P, Zarezade M, Rostamkhani H, Ghoreishi Z. Renoprotective effects of the ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Diabetic kidney disease, current knowledge and future direction: a systematic review of animal studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:291. [PMID: 36369018 PMCID: PMC9650808 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic kidney disease affects approximately 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. As a result, preventing renal complications in diabetic patients is critical. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosco) is a popular spice and natral medicine. The present study was a systematic review focused on the existing evidence of the renoprotective effect of ginger extract on some features of diabetic kidney disease. METHODS The literature was searched in online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest databases, and Google Scholar from inception to July 2022. RESULTS This review included 41 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Ginger supplementation was found to be associated with a significant decrease in blood glucose in 28 studies. Nine studies showed a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) after supplementation. Also, seventeen studies showed decreased serum levels of creatinine. Fifteen studies reported a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and fourteen studies showed a lowered triglycerides (TG) concentrations. In twenty-six studies, ginger reduced renal injuries due to diabetes. CONCLUSION Ginger may improve blood sugar indices, lipid profile, some inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and pathologic injuries in diabetic kidney disease. However, future well-designed clinical trials and meta-analyses are required for a solid consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Veisi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Zarezade
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helya Rostamkhani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghoreishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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Ballester P, Cerdá B, Arcusa R, Marhuenda J, Yamedjeu K, Zafrilla P. Effect of Ginger on Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:7223. [PMID: 36364048 PMCID: PMC9654013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and lupus erythematosus are some of common inflammatory diseases. These affections are highly disabling and share signals such as inflammatory sequences and immune dysregulation. The use of foods with anti-inflammatory properties such as ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) could improve the quality of life of these patients. Ginger is a plant widely used and known by its bioactive compounds. There is enough evidence to prove that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the bioactive compounds of ginger and their role in the inflammatory process and its signaling pathways. We can conclude that the compounds 6-shoagol, zingerone, and 8-shoagol display promising results in human and animal models, reducing some of the main symptoms of some inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. For lupus, 6-gingerol demonstrated a protective attenuating neutrophil extracellular trap release in response to phosphodiesterase inhibition. Ginger decreases NF-kβ in psoriasis, and its short-term administration may be an alternative coadjuvant treatment. Ginger may exert a function of supplementation and protection against cancer. Furthermore, when receiving chemotherapy, ginger may reduce some symptoms of treatment (e.g., nausea).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Cerdá
- Nutrition, Oxidative Stress and Bioavailability Group, Degree in Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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24
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. Elucidating the Beneficial Effects of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:838-848. [PMID: 36268117 PMCID: PMC9578130 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its pathogenesis remains obscure. Current treatment approaches mainly including levodopa and dopamine agonists provide symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression, and they are often accompanied by severe side effects. In this context, natural phytochemicals have received increasing attention as promising preventive or therapeutic candidates for PD, given their multitarget pharmaceutical mechanisms of actions and good safety profile. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a very popular spice used as a medicinal herb throughout the world since the ancient years, for a wide range of conditions, including nausea, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Emerging in vivo and in vitro evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of ginger and its main pharmaceutically active compounds (zingerone, 6-shogaol, and 6-gingerol) in PD, mainly via the regulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, dopamine synaptic transmission, and possibly mitochondrial dysfunction. The regulation of several transcription factors and signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Ak strain transforming (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of ginger. Herein, we discuss recent findings on the beneficial role of ginger in PD as a preventive agent or potential supplement to current treatment strategies, focusing on potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
- First
Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University
Hospital, 15784Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology
Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- First
Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University
Hospital, 15784Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
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Bian Z, Wang M, Yang Y, Wu Y, Ni H, Yu X, Shi J, Chen H, Bian X, Pan D, Li T, Zhang Y, Yu L, Jiang L, Tu Q. Enhanced growth of ginger plants by an eco- friendly nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas protegens inoculant in glasshouse fields. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3038-3046. [PMID: 34778957 PMCID: PMC9299100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization in glasshouse fields greatly increases N loss and fossil-fuel energy consumption resulting in serious environmental risks. Microbial inoculants are strongly emerging as potential alternatives to agrochemicals and offer an eco-friendly fertilization strategy to reduce our dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers. Effects of a N-fixing strain Pseudomonas protegens CHA0-ΔretS-nif on ginger plant growth, yield, and nutrient uptake, and on earthworm biomass and the microbial community were investigated in glasshouse fields in Shandong Province, northern China. RESULTS Application of CHA0-ΔretS-nif could promote ginger plant development, and significantly increased rhizome yields, by 12.93% and 7.09%, respectively, when compared to uninoculated plants and plants treated with the wild-type bacterial strain. Inoculation of CHA0-ΔretS-nif had little impact on plant phosphorus (P) acquisition, whereas it was associated with enhanced N and potassium (K) acquisition by ginger plants. Moreover, inoculation of CHA0-ΔretS-nif had positive effects on the bacteria population size and the number of earthworms in the rhizosphere. Similar enhanced performances were also found in CHA0-ΔretS-nif-inoculated ginger plants even when the N-fertilizer application rate was reduced by 15%. A chemical N input of 573.8 kg ha-1 with a ginger rhizome yield of 1.31 × 105 kg ha-1 was feasible. CONCLUSIONS The combined application of CHA0-ΔretS-nif and a reduced level of N-fertilizers can be employed in glasshouse ginger production for the purpose of achieving high yields while at the same time reducing the inorganic-N pollution from traditional farming practices. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Bian
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Haiping Ni
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Jing Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Hanna Chen
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Deng Pan
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Tao Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Station of Shandong ProvinceShandong Provincial Department of AgricultureJinanChina
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Lei Yu
- Soil and Fertilizer Station of Shandong ProvinceShandong Provincial Department of AgricultureJinanChina
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Qiang Tu
- Helmholtz International Laboratory for Anti‐Infectives, Shandong University–Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
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26
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Zhang X, Chen X, Tang Y, Guan X, Deng J, Fan J. Effects of medical plants from Zingiberaceae family on cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14130. [PMID: 35332564 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of Zingiberaceae on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched systematically until October 18, 2021. Thirty-four RCTs with 2154 patients met our inclusion. Pooled analysis indicated that Zingiberaceae can significantly improve body weight (BW) (WMD = -1.012, 95% CI: -1.673, -0.351, p = .003), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD = -14.292, 95% CI: -18.588, -9.995, p < .001), glycosylated hemoglobin 1c (HbA1c) (WMD = -0.432, 95% CI: -0.607, -0.257, p < .001), serum insulin (WMD = -2.036, 95% CI: -2.857, -1.216, p < .001), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD = -0.886, 95% CI: -1.375, -0.398, p < .001), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD = 0.850, 95% CI: 0.018, 1.682, p = .045), triglyceride (TG) (WMD = -17.636, 95% CI: -27.121, -8.151, p < .001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD = -0.642, 95% CI: -1.148, -0.137, p = .013), C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = -0.623, 95% CI: -1.061, -0.186, p = .005), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD = -3.020, 95% CI: -4.327, -1.712, p < .001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD = -1.147, 95% CI: -1.887, -0.406, p = .002). The supplementation of Zingiberaceae may be an effective adjunctive therapy in management of T2DM and prevention cardiovascular complications by decreasing BW, improving blood glucose control, insulin resistance, lipid profiles (HDL-C and TG), blood pressure (DBP), and reducing inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Approximately half of the deaths of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and individuals with T2DM have a two-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality than healthy individuals. Currently, T2DM is mainly treated with hypoglycemic medication such as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, and biguanides. Nevertheless, most of them with long-term usage could cause side effects, including hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal troubles. Several species of the Zingiberaceae family are used in traditional herbal medicines, which have been widely used in traditional and complementary medicine. Proving the potential benefits of Zingiberaceae on T2DM and its cardiovascular complications has positive clinical implications for the use of this practical herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianming Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Arcusa R, Villaño D, Marhuenda J, Cano M, Cerdà B, Zafrilla P. Potential Role of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:809621. [PMID: 35369082 PMCID: PMC8971783 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.809621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger is composed of multiple bioactive compounds, including 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, gingerdiones, gingerdiols, paradols, 6-dehydrogingerols, 5-acetoxy-6-gingerol, 3,5-diacetoxy-6-gingerdiol, and 12-gingerol, that contribute to its recognized biological activities. Among them, the major active compounds are 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol. Scientific evidence supports the beneficial properties of ginger, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and in contrast, a specific and less studied bioactivity is the possible neuroprotective effect. The increase in life expectancy has raised the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which present common neuropathological features as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and protein misfolding. The structure-activity relationships of ginger phytochemicals show that ginger can be a candidate to treat NDs by targeting different ligand sites. Its bioactive compounds may improve neurological symptoms and pathological conditions by modulating cell death or cell survival signaling molecules. The cognitive enhancing effects of ginger might be partly explained via alteration of both the monoamine and the cholinergic systems in various brain areas. Moreover, ginger decreases the production of inflammatory related factors. The aim of the present review is to summarize the effects of ginger in the prevention of major neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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28
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Melim C, Magalhães M, Santos AC, Campos EJ, Cabral C. Nanoparticles as phytochemical carriers for cancer treatment: News of the last decade. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:179-197. [PMID: 35166619 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2041599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development and application of novel therapeutic medicines for the treatment of cancer are of vital importance to improve the disease's outcome and survival rate. One noteworthy treatment approach is the use of biologically active compounds present in natural products. Even though these phytocompounds present anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, their use is limited essentially due to poor systemic delivery, low bioavailability, and water solubility concerns. To make full use of the anticancer potential of natural products, these limitations need to be technologically addressed. In this sense, nanotechnology emerges as a promising drug delivery system strategy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the benefits and potential of nanodelivery systems for natural products encapsulation as promising therapeutic approaches for cancer, which were developed during the last decade, are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The nanotechnology area has been under extensive research in the medical field given its capacity for improving the therapeutic potential of drugs by increasing their bioavailability and allowing a targeted delivery to the tumor site. Thereby, the nanoencapsulation of phytocompounds can have a direct impact on the recognized therapeutic activity of natural products towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Melim
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa Julião Campos
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Beyaz S, Aslan A, Gok O, Uslu H, Agca CA, Ozercan IH. In vivo, in vitro and in silico anticancer investigation of fullerene C 60 on DMBA induced breast cancer in rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120281. [PMID: 34982963 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to determine the protective and therapeutic effect of fullerene C60 nanoparticle on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats. MAIN METHODS In vitro cell viability was determined by the WST-1 test. In vivo analysis was performed in female Wistar Albino rats. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, p53, IL-6, IL-1α ve p38α (MAPK) proteins were assessed by western blotting. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), total protein levels and DNA damage were investigated. In addition, tissues were evaluated by histopathologically. In in silico analysis, the binding affinities of the fullerene C60 nanoparticle to transcription factors such as caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, VEGF and Akt were demonstrated by molecular docking. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of MCF-7 cells at various concentrations of fullerene C60 (0.1 to 100 mg/ml) inhibited cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Fullerene C60 treated rats exhibited considerable increase in the level of caspase-3 while decrease in the level of pro-survival protein Bcl-2. Bcl-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1α and p38α (MAPK) protein expression levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased in the C60 + DMBA groups compared to the DMBA group. It was observed that caspase-3, Nrf-2 and p53 protein expression levels, glutathione (GSH) level, catalase activities (CAT) and total protein levels increased significantly which was further confirmed through the resulting DNA fragmentation. SIGNIFICANCE In silico assays, fullerene C60 has been observed to have similar affinity to some crystal ligands, especially against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Beyaz
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aslan
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Harun Uslu
- Firat University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Can Ali Agca
- Bingol University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol, Turkey
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30
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Cheng Z, Xiong X, Zhou Y, Wu F, Shao Q, Dong R, Liu Q, Li L, Chen G. 6-gingerol ameliorates metabolic disorders by inhibiting hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes in high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112491. [PMID: 34896967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating studies revealed that 6-gingerol, a compound extracted mainly from ginger, treats obesity by preventing hyperlipidemia in vivo induced by high-fat-diet (HFD). The present study intends to further evaluate the efficacy of 6-gingerol in the treatment of obesity and investigate its potential mechanism. METHODS Obese mice were established by HFD induction. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the possible pathways enrolled by the application of 6-gingerol. Body weight and the levels of blood glucose and lipids were examined and analyzed for the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of 6-gingerol. The size and amounts as well as the status of adipocytes were determined by histological staining. The expression levels of related proteins in adipose tissue were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining, and Western blot analysis. In addition, the expression levels of related mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS HFD induced obesity was significantly curbed by 6-gingerol treatment. Here inhibition mechanism of 6-gingerol is demonstrated on excessive hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), which may be related to the regulation of adipocytokines, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4 and adiponectin, and the TLR3/IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 axis. Moreover, 6-gingerol treatment suppressed the expressions of IL-1β and CD68 in the liver and AKT/INSR/IRS-1 in epididymal WAT. CONCLUSION The results suggested that 6-gingerol could alleviate metabolic inflammation in the liver and insulin resistance to treat obesity. The mechanism is mainly involved in the inhibition of excessive hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Ashraf H, Heydari M, Shams M, Zarshenas MM, Tavakoli A, Sayadi M. Efficacy of Ginger Supplementation in Relieving Persistent Hypothyroid Symptoms in Patients with Controlled Primary Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5456855. [PMID: 35096113 PMCID: PMC8794674 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5456855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary hypothyroidism is a common disease. Some patients have persistent symptoms despite normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Ginger is reported to be beneficial in relieving similar symptoms. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of ginger supplementation in relieving persistent symptoms in these patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 hypothyroid patients aged 20-60 years with normal serum TSH concentrations were randomly allocated to two equal parallel study groups of ginger (500 mg twice a day) or placebo for 30 days. Hypothyroid symptoms were evaluated as the primary outcome using the Thyroid Symptom Rating Questionnaire (ThySRQ) before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measures and laboratory indices including TSH, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were considered as secondary outcomes. A significant lower mean total ThySRQ score (8.63 ± 5.47 vs. 15.76 ± 6.09, P < 0.001) was observed in the ginger group compared to the control group. Ginger led to significant improvements in the mean scores of the weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, appetite, memory loss, concentration disturbance, and feeling giddy or dizzy domains (P < 0.001). However, no significant improvements were observed in hair loss, nail fragility, hearing, hoarseness, speech, and depression or feeling down (P > 0.05). Ginger supplementation also led to a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, serum TSH, FBS, TG, and TChol levels compared to the placebo. In summary according to preliminary results of this study, ginger supplementation can help relieve persistent hypothyroid symptoms. Also, it may have beneficial effects in terms of weight reduction and regulation of the FBS and lipid profile in hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Ashraf
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Tavakoli
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrab Sayadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li H, Rafie R, Xu Z, Siddiqui RA. Phytochemical profile and anti-oxidation activity changes during ginger ( Zingiber officinale) harvest: Baby ginger attenuates lipid accumulation and ameliorates glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:133-144. [PMID: 35035916 PMCID: PMC8751441 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the phenolic content and anti-oxidation properties of ginger at different harvesting time and tested its effects on lipid droplet formation and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Ginger samples at different stages of maturity were harvested every two weeks starting from mid-October for 16 weeks. Our data indicate that ginger has the highest phenolic contents and superior anti-oxidation activity when harvested early (immature baby ginger); however, the concentration of phenolic contents and its anti-oxidation activity were progressively reduced up to 50% as ginger matures. Furthermore, the data indicate that baby ginger extract inhibits lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells up to 20% in a dose-dependent manner. Baby ginger exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity by 29.5% and ameliorated glucose uptake in HepG2 cell at similar level. Our results suggest that harvesting ginger at an appropriate (early) time may be beneficial for optimizing its biological active contents and qualitative properties. The data also suggest that a regular use of ginger can potentially lower incidences of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research StationVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Reza Rafie
- Cooperate ExtensionCollege of AgricultureVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Medicine of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemical & Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science & TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Rafat A. Siddiqui
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research StationVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
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Wiśniewski O, Rajczewski A, Szumigała A, Gibas-Dorna M. Diet-Induced Adipocyte Browning. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/143164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils in Anti-Obesity Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111832. [PMID: 34769261 PMCID: PMC8584325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease caused by an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity is a medical problem and represents an important risk factor for the development of serious diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. Not to be overlooked are the psychological issues that, in obese subjects, turn into very serious pathologies, such as depression, phobias, anxiety, and lack of self-esteem. In addition to modifying one’s lifestyle, the reduction of body mass can be promoted by different natural compounds such as essential oils (EOs). EOs are mixtures of aromatic substances produced by many plants, particularly in medicinal and aromatic ones. They are odorous and volatile and contain a mixture of terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Thanks to the characteristics of the various chemical components present in them, EOs are used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. Indeed, it has been shown that EOs possess great antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor powers. Emerging results also demonstrate the anti-obesity effects of EOs. We have examined the main data obtained in experimental studies and, in this review, we summarize the effect of EOs in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Marefati N, Abdi T, Beheshti F, Vafaee F, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) hydroalcoholic extract improved avoidance memory in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes by regulating brain oxidative stress. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:15-26. [PMID: 34679261 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus associated cognitive impairment is suggested to be due to oxidative stress. Considering the anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale, the present study aimed to investigate its effect on memory and oxidative stress factors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The rats were allocated into five groups: Control, Diabetic, Diabetic + Ginger 100, Diabetic + Ginger 200, and Diabetic + Ginger 400. Following diabetes induction by STZ (60 mg/kg), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg Ginger was given for eight weeks. Passive avoidance test (PA) was done and thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) measurements were carried out in the brain. RESULTS The latency into the dark compartment decreased (p<0.001) and the number of entries and time spent in the dark chamber increased in the Diabetic group compared to the Control (p<0.001 for all). All three doses of extract improved performance of the rats in the PA test (p<0.001 for all). The hippocampal and cortical MDA level was higher (p<0.001) while CAT, SOD, and total thiol were lower (p<0.01-p<0.001) in the Diabetic group than the Control. Treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg Z. officinale extract reduced hippocampal and cortical MDA (p<0.001) and improved CAT (p<0.001) while, just the dose of 400 mg/kg of the extract increased SOD and total thiol in hippocampal and cortical tissues (p<0.001) compared with Diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Z. officinale extract could improve memory by reducing the oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tara Abdi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Luciano TF, De Souza CT, Pinho RA, Marques SDO, Luiz GP, Tramontin NDS, Silveira PCLD, de Andrade VM, Muller AP. Effects of Zingiber officinale extract supplementation on metabolic and genotoxic parameters in diet-induced obesity in mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:970-981. [PMID: 33323139 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic associated with many diseases. The nutraceutical Zingiber officinale (ZO) is a potential treatment for obesity; however, the molecular effects are unknown. Swiss male mice were fed a high-fat diet (59 % energy from fat) for 16 weeks to generate a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model and then divided into the following groups: standard diet + vehicle; standard diet + ZO; DIO + vehicle and DIO + ZO. Those in the ZO groups were supplemented with 400 mg/kg per d of ZO extract (oral administration) for 35 d. The animals were euthanised, and blood, quadriceps, epididymal fat pad and hepatic tissue were collected. DIO induced insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and DNA damage in different tissues. Treatment with ZO improved insulin sensitivity as well as decreased serum TAG, without changes in body weight or adiposity index. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were lower in the liver and quadriceps in the DIO + ZO group compared with the DIO group. ZO treatment reduced the reactive species and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in blood and liver in obese animals. The endogenous antioxidant activity was higher in the quadriceps of DIO + ZO. These results in the rat model of DIO may indicate ZO as an adjuvant on obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Fernandes Luciano
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudio Teodoro De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Paulino Luiz
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Rai K, Chhanwal N, Shah NN, Singhal RS. Encapsulation of ginger oleoresin in co-crystallized sucrose: development, characterization and storage stability. Food Funct 2021; 12:7964-7974. [PMID: 34254624 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ginger oleoresin was emulsified with gum acacia and encapsulated in a sucrose matrix by co-crystallization. The increased void space and surface area of sucrose provided a porous base for the incorporation of oleoresin. This co-crystallization led to modification from crystalline to irregular agglomerates, as evident from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Hygroscopicity, water sorption isotherms and water activity demonstrated changes due to the change in crystallinity of sucrose. The active components such as [6]-, [8]- and [10]-gingerols and [6]-shogaol were quantified by HPLC. The encapsulation efficiency of [6]-gingerol was 45.59%. The storage kinetics at different relative humidity levels and temperatures indicated [6]-gingerol to be the most stable among the gingerols studied. A temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity of 33% proved to be the best storage conditions for the ginger flavoured sugar cubes. Thus, co-crystallization for the encapsulation of ginger oleoresin serves a dual purpose, i.e., protection and a mode of delivering a spicy flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Rai
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400 019, India.
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38
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Abd El Hady Mousa M, Mansour H, Eid F, Mashaal A. Anti-inflammatory activity of ginger modulates macrophage activation against the inflammatory pathway of monosodium glutamate. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13819. [PMID: 34159624 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been traditionally used as a flavor enhancer and is added to many foods. The chronic consumption of MSG has been suggested as causing toxicity, inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pre-malignant changes. The use of medicinal plants and their products, such as ginger, against the effects of MSG has been suggested to have a protective effect. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ginger against the effects of MSG, we conducted a serial inflammatory analysis of MSG- and ginger-treated rats, focusing particularly on liver pathology. The consumption of ginger as an unconventional therapy against the effects of MSG resulted in significant anti-inflammatory activity. We found that it was possible to diagnose MSG-associated inflammatory pathogenesis using inflammatory mediators. Ginger consumption produced protective effects on health, minimized adverse effects, and may be applicable for food development and the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The chronic administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a flavor enhancer has been suggested to produce toxicity, inflammation, and pre-malignant changes in organs. Ginger has protective effects, with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity against MSG administration. This study is the first to report that ginger modulated the inflammatory and fibrotic effects of MSG and improved immunological indices reflecting the involvement of inflammatory and fibrotic markers and polysaccharide content in the activation of macrophages. These findings support the further use of ginger as a supplement for food enhancement and as an anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical therapies against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and ulcerative colitis, as well as MSG-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abd El Hady Mousa
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat Mansour
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Eid
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yu J, Yang M, Han J, Pang X. Fungal and mycotoxin occurrence, affecting factors, and prevention in herbal medicines: a review. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1925696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Yu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Pang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Yedjou CG, Njiki S, Enow J, Ikome O, Latinwo L, Long R, Ngnepieba P, Alo RA, Tchounwou PB. Pharmacological Effects of Selected Medicinal Plants and Vitamins Against COVID-19. JOURNAL OF FOOD AND NUTRITION (FRISCO, TEX.) 2021; 7:202. [PMID: 34395868 PMCID: PMC8362927 DOI: 10.17303/jfn.2021.7.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a serious disease that has caused multiple deaths in various countries in the world. Globally, as of May 23, 2021, the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 have reach 166,346,635 with a total of 3,449,117 deaths. Several recent scientific studies have shown that medicinal plants and vitamins can benefit and improve the health of COVID-19 patients. However, the benefits of medicinal plants and vitamins in the treatment of COVID-19 remain unproven. Therefore, the objective of this article is to expounds the benefits of using medicinal plants (Allium sativum, curcumin, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officitale) and vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin D) that possess the antiviral properties for the prevention and/or control of COVID-19. To reach our objective, we searched scientific databases of ongoing trials in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites, PubMed Central, Medline databases, and Google Scholar websites. We also searched databases on World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to collect relevant papers. We found that all of the selected medicinal plants and vitamins possess antiviral activities, and their individual intake shows promise for the prevention and/or control of COVID-19. We conclude that, the selected medicinal plants and vitamins possess anti-viral properties that are more likely to prevent and/or disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, enhance the human immune system and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Sylvianne Njiki
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
| | - Juliet Enow
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health. School of Public Health, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson, United States
| | - Otto Ikome
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
| | - Lekan Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Pierre Ngnepieba
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard A Alo
- Department of Computer and Information Science, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, United States
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Kim B, Kim HJ, Cha YS. The protective effects of steamed ginger on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and adiposity in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:279-293. [PMID: 34093970 PMCID: PMC8155221 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The steamed ginger has been shown to have antioxidative effects and a protective effect against obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of steamed ginger (SGE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS The protective effects of SGE on adipogenesis were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring lipid accumulations and genes involved in adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND, 10% fat w/w), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat w/w), and HFD supplemented with either 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg of SGE for 12 weeks. Serum chemistry was measured, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined in the adipose tissue. Histological analysis and micro-computed tomography were performed to identify lipid accumulations in epididymal fat pads. RESULTS In 3T3-L1 cells, SGE significantly decreased lipid accumulation, with concomitant decreases in the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. SGE significantly attenuated the increase in body, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue weights by HFD. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in SGE fed groups compared to HFD. In adipose tissue, SGE significantly decreased adipocyte size than that of HFD and altered adipogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, steamed ginger exerted anti-obesity effects by regulating genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell and epididymal adipose tissue of DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46264, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Dingeo G, Brito A, Samouda H, Iddir M, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Phytochemicals as modifiers of gut microbial communities. Food Funct 2021; 11:8444-8471. [PMID: 32996966 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiota (GM) is paramount for a healthy lifestyle. Alterations of the GM have been involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In pathological conditions, the diversity of the GM is commonly reduced or altered, often toward an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The colonic fermentation of dietary fiber has shown to stimulate the fraction of bacteria purported to have beneficial health effects, acting as prebiotics, and to increase the production of short chain fatty acids, e.g. propionate and butyrate, while also improving gut epithelium integrity such as tight junction functionality. However, a variety of phytochemicals, often associated with dietary fiber, have also been proposed to modulate the GM. Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may positively affect the GM, including polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols/phytostanols, lignans, alkaloids, glucosinolates and terpenes. Some polyphenols may act as prebiotics, while carotenoids have been shown to alter immunoglobulin A expression, an important factor for bacteria colonization. Other phytochemicals may interact with the mucosa, another important factor for colonization, and prevent its degradation. Certain polyphenols have shown to influence bacterial communication, interacting with quorum sensing. Finally, phytochemicals can be metabolized in the gut into bioactive constituents, e.g. equol from daidzein and enterolactone from secoisolariciresinol, while bacteria can use glycosides for energy. In this review, we strive to highlight the potential interactions between prominent phytochemicals and health benefits related to the GM, emphasizing their potential as adjuvant strategies for GM-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Brito
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg. and Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Mohammed Iddir
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. and Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
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Geng X, Liu H, Yuwen Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Sun J. Protective effects of zingerone on high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis through lipid regulatory signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1732-1745. [PMID: 33845646 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211006170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM A high cholesterol diet (HCD) is known to cause metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, cardiovascular diseases and atherogenesis. Zingerone is a pharmacologically active component of dry ginger. Zingerone has been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological properties, including scavenging free radicals, high antioxidant activity, suppressing lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Zingerone on HCD-induced atherosclerosis in rats. METHODS Animals were divided into four categories (n = 6). Group I: normal control, Group II: zingerone control (20 mg/kg b.wt.), group III: HCD-induced atherosclerosis, Group IV: HCD + zingerone, respectively, for 8 weeks. RESULTS The HCD-fed rats resulted in a significant increase in an atherosclerotic lesion, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein concentration, cardiac markers, body weight, reduced antioxidant status, and displayed atherosclerosis. These findings were conventional by up-regulated expression of lipid regulatory genes like sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-c (SREBP-c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α), and down-regulated expression of acetyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) in HCD-fed rats. These significant changes were observed in the zingerone-treated rats for the last 4 weeks. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that zingerone reduced atherosclerosis by modulated the atherosclerotic lesion, lipid profile, antioxidant status and lipid regulatory gene expression in HCD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Geng
- Department of Emergency, 159363Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liu
- Medical Imaging Department, 159363Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Yuwen
- Medical Imaging Department, Yanda Hospital, Langfang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Stomatology, 159363Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Luanzhou People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zunhua People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - J Sun
- Medical Imaging Department, 159363Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Carvalho GCN, Lira Neto JCG, Nunes LCC, Alencar AMPG, Marques RLL, Damasceno MMC. Effectiveness of Ginger in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study of the Randomized Clinical Trial Type. AQUICHAN 2021. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2021.21.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of ginger in the reduction of the glycemic, lipid and anthropometric levels in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Materials and method: A double-blind pilot study of the randomized clinical trial type, conducted between October 2017 and January 2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged from 18 to 80 years old, using oral antidiabetic drugs, and with glycated hemoglobin values between 7 % and 10 %. The participants were randomized and allocated in two different groups. In the experimental group, the participants used 1.2 g of ginger and, in the control group, 1.2 g of placebo. The primary outcome was the reduction in blood glucose. The reduction in the lipid and anthropometric levels was the secondary outcome. The intervention lasted four weeks.
Results: A total of 21 participants were included in the study. The use of 1.2 g of ginger resulted in noticeable reductions in the anthropometric and lipid levels in 30 days of follow-up, but it did not reduce the glycemic levels.
Conclusions: In this study, it was shown that ginger capsules, in doses of 1.2 g a day, can help to reduce anthropometric measures and lipid levels in the population under study; however, it had no effect on the glycemic levels.
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Abdi T, Mahmoudabady M, Marzouni HZ, Niazmand S, Khazaei M. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Extract Protects the Heart Against Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetic Rats. Can J Diabetes 2021; 45:220-227. [PMID: 33162372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis and inflammation in the heart of patients with diabetes mellitus alongside increased production of free radicals and collagen are together known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ginger rhizome has antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, we investigated the effect of ginger extract on diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Animals were divided into 7 groups: control; diabetic; diabetic treated with different doses of ginger extract of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; metformin (200 mg/kg); and metformin-valsartan (200 and 30 mg/kg, respectively). Serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-muscle/brain were measured. Fibrosis and inflammation were determined by histologic assessment. Gene expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β3 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction in heart tissue. RESULTS Serum glucose level in all treated groups, except for the ginger extract 100-mg/kg group, was significantly lower than in the diabetic group. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-muscle/brain were significantly reduced in all treated groups compared with the diabetic group. In the study of fibrosis, collagen amount in the heart tissue of all treated groups, except the ginger extract 100-mg/kg group, was significantly lower than in the diabetic group. Inflammatory cell infiltrates were decreased, and disarrangement was improved in cardiac tissues of all treated groups compared with the diabetic group. Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 genes in all treated groups downregulated compared with the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment by ginger extract reduced myocardial fibrosis and inflammation in the course of diabetic cardiomyopathy, possibly through regulation of the expression of genes involved in the SMAD/TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Abdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hadi Zare Marzouni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Noce A, Di Lauro M, Di Daniele F, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Marrone G, Borboni P, Di Daniele N. Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:630. [PMID: 33669163 PMCID: PMC7919668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient's compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Borboni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
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Morvaridzadeh M, Sadeghi E, Agah S, Fazelian S, Rahimlou M, Kern FG, Heshmati S, Omidi A, Persad E, Heshmati J. Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13612. [PMID: 33458848 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of antioxidant properties are attributed to ginger (Zingiber officinale) and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of ginger intake on major oxidative stress (OS) parameters. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of using ginger to improve OS levels. Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched up until March 2020 to gather RCTs that evaluated the impact of ginger intake on the levels and activity of OS parameters in adult subjects. Means and standard deviations for relevant OS variables were extracted and evaluated to assess the quality of the trials based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. The gathered data were pooled and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Twelve trials were included in this review. Ginger intake was shown to significantly increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (SMD: 1.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 2.85; I2 = 86.8%) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.73; I2 = 42.8%) and significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: -0.69; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.12; I2 = 85.8%) compared to control groups. Ginger supplementation also non-significantly associated with an increase in CAT activity (SMD: 1.09; 95% CI: -0.07, 2.25; I2 = 87.6%). This systematic review and meta-analysis presents convincing evidence supporting the efficacy of ginger supplementation on improving OS levels. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In health sciences, OS, due to its pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, is a subject with a long history. Recent research strives for a safe, ideal, and effective antioxidant. Ginger is herbal medicine, which has been widely used in traditional and complementary medicine. Proving the antioxidant effect and potential benefit of ginger has positive clinical implications for the application of this practical herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Fazelian
- Clinical Development and Researches Unit, Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Shilan Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Omidi
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Takahashi Y, Kuribayashi H, Tasaki E, Yoshida I, Ide M, Fujita K, Igarashi T, Saeki S, Iuchi Y. Insect feces tea of locust (<i>Locusta migratoria</i>) suppresses lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Takahashi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Hiromi Kuribayashi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Eisuke Tasaki
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshihito Iuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
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50
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Ooi SL, Campbell R, Pak SC, Golombick T, Manoharan A, Ramakrishna R, Badmaev V, Schloss J. Is 6-Shogaol an Effective Phytochemical for Patients With Lower-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome? A Narrative Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211065038. [PMID: 34930049 PMCID: PMC8728773 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211065038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) evolves due to genomic instability, dysregulated signaling pathways, and overproduction of inflammatory markers. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the inflammatory response, which causes gene damage, cellular remodeling, and fibrosis. MDS can be a debilitating condition, and management options in patients with MDS aim to improve cytopenias, delay disease progression, and enhance quality of life. High serum ferritin levels, a source of iron for reactive oxygen species production, correlate with a higher risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia, and iron overload is compounded by blood transfusions given to improve anemia. 6-shogaol is a natural phenolic compound formed when ginger is exposed to heat and/or acidic conditions, and it has been shown to possess anti-tumor activity against leukemia cell lines and antioxidant effects. This narrative review assessed the potential benefits of this phytochemical in lower-risk MDS patients through examining the current evidence on the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ginger and 6-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Campbell
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,
NSW, Australia
- The Oaks Medical Practice, The Oaks,
NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Arumugam Manoharan
- Southern Sydney Haematology, Kogarah,
NSW, Australia
- University of Wollongong Australia,
Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Raj Ramakrishna
- Southern Sydney Haematology, Kogarah,
NSW, Australia
- University of Wollongong Australia,
Wollongong NSW, Australia
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