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Wood SM, Alston L, Beks H, Mc Namara K, Coffee NT, Clark RA, Wong Shee A, Versace VL. Quality appraisal of spatial epidemiology and health geography research: A scoping review of systematic reviews. Health Place 2023; 83:103108. [PMID: 37651961 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to understand how systematic reviews assess the methodological quality of spatial epidemiology and health geography research. Fifty-nine eligible reviews were identified and included. Variations in the use of quality appraisal tools were found. Reviews applied existing quality appraisal tools with no adaptations (n = 32; 54%), existing quality appraisal tools with adaptations (n = 9; 15%), adapted tools or methods from other reviews (n = 13; 22%), and developed new quality appraisal tools for the review (n = 5; 8%). Future research should focus on developing and validating a quality appraisal tool that evaluates the spatial methodology within studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Wood
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia.
| | - Laura Alston
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Research Unit, Colac Area Health, Colac, Vic, Australia
| | - Hannah Beks
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Namara
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Neil T Coffee
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Australian Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robyn A Clark
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, SA, Australia; Southern Adelaide Health Care Services, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Wong Shee
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Vincent L Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool Campus, Vic, Australia; Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
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Jiang Q, Ghosh D, Steinbach S, Cooksey Stowers K. A longitudinal assessment of racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and retail market concentration. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1850-1861. [PMID: 37326127 PMCID: PMC10478051 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper assesses trends in food environment and market concentration and racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and food retail market concentration at the US census tract level from 2000 to 2019. DESIGN Establishment-level data from the National Establishment Time Series were used to measure food environment exposure and food retail market concentration. We linked that dataset to race, ethnicity and social vulnerability information from the American Community Survey and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A geospatial hot-spot analysis was conducted to identify relatively low and high healthy food access clusters based on the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI). The associations were assessed using two-way fixed effects regression models. SETTING Census tracts spanning all US states. PARTICIPANTS 69 904 US census tracts. RESULTS The geospatial analysis revealed clear patterns of areas with high and low mRFEI values. Our empirical findings point to disparities in food environment exposure and market concentration by race. The analysis shows that Asian Americans are likelier to live in neighbourhoods with a low food environment exposure and low retail market concentration. These adverse effects are more pronounced in metro areas. The robustness analysis for the social vulnerability index confirms these results. CONCLUSION US food policies must address disparities in neighbourhood food environments and foster a healthy, profitable, equitable and sustainable food system. Our findings may inform equity-oriented neighbourhood, land use and food systems planning. Identifying priority areas for investment and policy interventions is essential for equity-oriented neighbourhood planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxia Jiang
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Debarchana Ghosh
- Department of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sandro Steinbach
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Longitudinal effects of school policies on children's eating behaviors and weight status: findings from the childhood obesity study in China megacities. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:17-23. [PMID: 36253402 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine longitudinal effects of school policies on children's weight status and eating behaviors, and study how these effects may vary by children's age, sex, and baseline weight status in China. METHODS Data were collected in 2015, 2016, and 2017 in an open cohort of 3298 children aged 6-17, their parents, and schools in five large cities across China (Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Nanjing, and Chengdu). Children's weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and their eating behaviors were self-reported. The 1691 children with such repeated measures in ≥ two waves were included in longitudinal data analysis with mixed effects models, testing the associations. RESULTS Having school vicinity food stall policy was associated with less frequent consumption of fast food (β = -0.14, p < 0.01) and snack (β = -0.84, p < 0.01). More significant associations were found between school policies and unhealthy eating behaviors for girls and children aged 6-11 than their counterparts. Among children without overweight or central obesity at baseline, having school cafeteria food policy was associated with lower risks for overweight and obesity (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17-0.63) and central obesity (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26-0.85). This existed for girls, but not for boys. School vicinity food stall policy was associated with lower BMI (β = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03) among all children and in girls (β = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.50, -0.05) without overweight at baseline. CONCLUSIONS School policies could reduce children's unhealthy eating behaviors and obesity risk in megacities in China. Children's age, sex, and baseline weight status modify the effects. School policies are important to fight the growing childhood obesity epidemic.
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Oishi K, Aoki T, Harada T, Tanaka C, Tanaka S, Tanaka H, Fukuda K, Kamikawa Y, Tsuji N, Komura K, Kokudo S, Morita N, Suzuki K, Watanabe M, Kasanami R, Hara T, Miyazaki R, Abe T, Yamatsu K, Kume D, Asai H, Yamamoto N, Tsuji T, Ishii K. Association of Neighborhood Food Environment and Physical Activity Environment With Obesity: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study of Fifth- to Ninth-Grade Children in Japan. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2021; 58:469580211055626. [PMID: 34763543 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211055626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the relationship between neighborhood food and physical activity environment, and obesity among elementary and junior high school students in Japan. Methods: The participants were fifth- to ninth-grade children (n=7277), who were attending municipal schools in Japan. Percent overweight (POW) was calculated using their age, gender, height, and weight, which were collected through a questionnaire. A POW of < 20% was considered non-obese, while ≥ 20% was considered obese. Furthermore, using a geographic information system, we investigated the density of convenience stores, fast-food stores, casual restaurants, supermarkets and department stores, parks, sports facilities, stations, and intersections in the school district. Additionally, from the census, we obtained information regarding the population density of the municipality where the participants' schools were located. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between obesity and food environment (the food environment model), between obesity and physical activity environment (the physical activity environment model), and among obesity, food, and physical activity environment (the food and physical activity environment model). Results: In the food environment model and the food and physical activity environment model, the density of convenience stores showed a significant positive association. In the physical activity environment model, the density of stations showed a significant negative association. Conclusion: This study's findings can contribute to the development of appropriate community interventions for improving children's health in Japan and similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Oishi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, 12757Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Takumi Aoki
- Faculty of Education, 12945Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Harada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, 12888Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Department of Human Nutrition, 12863Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, 12761Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakato, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychological Science, 12799Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukuda
- Department of Psychology and Humanities, Faculty of Sociology, 12759Edogawa University, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kamikawa
- Emeritus Professor, 34823University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsuji
- Graduate School of Education, 13051Shiga University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Komura
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Agriculture, 12942Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shohei Kokudo
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, 12885Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriteru Morita
- Department of Sports Cultural Studies, 13033Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Education, 12945Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ryoji Kasanami
- Health and Sports Science Education, Faculty of Education, 13312Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan
| | - Taketaka Hara
- Faculty of Education, 12938Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Faculty of Human Science, 12938Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), 12938Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamatsu
- Faculty of Education, 13030Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kume
- Department of Health, Sports and Welfare, 13001Okinawa University, Naha, Japan
| | - Hidenori Asai
- Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation Secretariat, 12760Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Naofumi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation Secretariat, 12760Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, 13121University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 12757Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
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Associations between Fast-Food Restaurants Surrounding Kindergartens and Childhood Obesity: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179334. [PMID: 34501924 PMCID: PMC8431518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among preschool children has risen dramatically due to the influx of Western fast food in China. In this study, we aimed to provide clear evidence on the associations between fast-food restaurants and childhood obesity. We collected and combined three unique cross-sectional datasets: physical fitness data, geographic information, and the financial data of each kindergarten. The two-stage least squares were used for empirical analyses. The final data including 75,730 children were from 785 kindergartens in 82 cities and 23 provinces in China in 2018. The mean age of participants was 4.94 ± 0.87; 34,249 (45.2%) females and 41,481 (54.8%) males. The number of fast-food restaurants within 1, 2, and 3 km radii had a significant and positive correlation with obesity, and this correlation decreased as the radius increased. Furthermore, the distance to the nearest fast-food restaurant had a significant and negative correlation with obesity. Western fast-food restaurants contributed more to obesity than the broader definition of fast-food restaurants. There was marked heterogeneity between urban and rural areas. Our findings documented that fast-food restaurants had a significant and positive association with childhood obesity, thus the restriction of fast-food restaurants surrounding kindergartens might be considered.
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Impacts of lockdown on dietary patterns among youths in China: the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3221-3232. [PMID: 33993895 PMCID: PMC8144820 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess changes in dietary patterns among youths in China after COVID-19 lockdown. Design: This study was based on the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS), a national retrospective survey established in early May 2020. The questionnaire was distributed through social media platforms. The sociodemographic information and routine dietary patterns before and after lockdown of participants were investigated. t tests and χ2 tests were used to compare the differences in consumption patterns of twelve major food groups and beverages between sex and across educational levels before and after lockdown. Factor analysis was employed to obtain the main dietary patterns. Settings: China. Participants: A total of 10 082 youths. Results: A significant decrease was observed in the average weekly frequency of rice intake, while significant increases were observed in the frequency of intake of wheat products, other staple foods, fish, eggs, fresh vegetables, preserved vegetables, fresh fruit and dairy products (all P values < 0·01). Heterogeneities of average weekly frequency existed between sex and across educational levels to different extents. The three main dietary patterns derived were loaded most heavily on dairy products, rice and wheat products, separately; the rice pattern became more dominant than the wheat products pattern after lockdown. The frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption had decreased, while the frequency of other beverages had increased. Conclusions: Our timely survey would inform policymakers and health professionals of these significant changes in youths’ dietary patterns after lockdown, with heterogeneities observed to different extents between sex and across educational levels, for better policy-making and public health practice.
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Jia P, Yang H, Cao X, Yuan C, Xiao Q, Yang S, Wang Y. Association between access to full-service restaurants and childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e13076. [PMID: 32618058 PMCID: PMC7988535 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lack of access to full-service restaurants (FSRs) is generally thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity, as it could discourage healthful eating-out behaviours while increasing the exposure to unhealthful food venues as "compensatory" options. However, the association between FSR access and childhood obesity has not been comprehensively reviewed previously. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019 that examined the association between FSR access and weight-related behaviours and outcomes among children and adolescents. Eighteen studies conducted in three countries were identified, published from 2006 to 2018 with a median sample size of 2352 (ranging from 323 to 529 367). Findings were mixed among these 18 studies that reported on the association between access to FSRs and weight-related outcomes. Our meta-analyses showed that there were no significant associations of FSR access with the level of body mass index (BMI) and the BMI z-score among children. Also, there was no apparent evidence on the association between FSR access and the risk of overweight/obesity. Our results need to be interpreted with caution, considering the menu quality of FSRs and heterogeneity of eligible studies in this meta-analysis. Well-designed epidemiologic studies are warranted to further elaborate on the potential association between FSR access and children's weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxi Cao
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,The Children's Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shujuan Yang
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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