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Medina JB, Monguilhott-Falbo F, Teixeira-Leite C, Trierveiler M, Braz-Silva PH, Ortega KL. Mucocutaneous histoplasmosis as the first manifestation of AIDS. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:1059-1064. [PMID: 38321578 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressed patients can present with opportunistic infections resulting from an intrinsic systemic disease, which easily evolves into more aggressive and less common conditions. This work reports a clinical case of a female patient with histoplasmosis lesions in the nasal and oral mucosa, including pulmonary, hematological, and hepatic impairment, which led to the diagnosis of HIV seropositivity. In the presence of severe immunosuppression, morbidity is increased due to deep fungal infections and their unusual clinical characteristics can make diagnosis difficult. Therefore, it can be very helpful to recognize these clinical characteristics in order to determine early diagnostic interventions. It is important to recognize mucocutaneous manifestations of histoplasmosis because the biopsy of these lesions, and subsequent histopathological analysis, is one of the quickest, safest, and cheapest methods of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina B Medina
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Marilia Trierveiler
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karem L Ortega
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Special Care Dentistry Centre, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Nobre DAB, Moura MDG, de Arruda JAA, Felix FA, Diniz PB, Duarte ECB, Abreu LG, Gomez RS, Mesquita RA. Identification of Epstein-Barr virus after topical treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia: A preliminary study. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:627-634. [PMID: 38606785 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241246298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) DNA in patients living with HIV, before and after three different topical therapy protocols for oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). METHODS The sample consisted of five patients treated with topical solution of 25% podophyllin resin; six with 25% podophyllin resin plus 5% acyclovir cream; and four with 25% podophyllin resin plus 1% penciclovir cream. DNA was extracted from OHL scrapings and amplified by the PCR using specific primers for EBV-1 (EBNA-1). RESULTS Clinical healing of OHL lesions was observed across all treatment groups over time. At baseline, EBNA-1 was detected in all OHL lesions. After treatment, OHL samples from three patients treated with 25% podophyllin resin plus 5% acyclovir cream and from one patient treated with 25% podophyllin resin plus 1% penciclovir cream exhibited negative EBNA-1 viral gene encoding. Despite the clinical resolution of OHL, 11 patients (73.3%) showed EBNA-1 positivity immediately after the lesion disappeared. Three patients (20%) treated with podophyllin resin displayed both EBNA-1 positivity and a recurrence of OHL, in contrast to no recurrence in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest potential associations between treatment formulations, EBNA-1 persistence, and the recurrence of OHL lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Augusto Barnabé Nobre
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aragão Felix
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Novianti Y, Sufiawati I. Clinical Assessment and Management in Improving the Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients with Oral Candidiasis: A Case Series. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:683-696. [PMID: 38028189 PMCID: PMC10656832 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s434175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), impacting their quality of life. This report aims to emphasize the importance of clinical assessment and management of HIV/AIDS patients with oral candidiasis to improve their quality of life. Case Five male patients, aged between 32 and 71 years, came to the HIV clinic and complained of white plaques in their mouths and painful swallowing. The World Health Organization's (WHO) clinical staging of all patients was 4. Three patients had not yet received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and their total lymphocyte counts (TLC) of <1.170 cells/mm3. Two patients had dropped out of ART with CD4 counts were <40 cells/mm3. The body mass index of two patients was underweight, while the others were normal. The oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) of the patients was fair to poor. The quality of life assessment using the oral health impact profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaires before therapy showed values from 6-20. Clinical examination defined the diagnosis as oral candidiasis, exfoliative cheilitis, oral hairy leukoplakia, and a cytomegalovirus-related ulcer. Case Management The patients were treated with fluconazole, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, 2% miconazole cream, diphenhydramine, and multivitamins. The oral lesions were improved within 14 days to a month of treatment, and OHIP-14 scores were significantly reduced (0-3). Conclusion Clinical assessment is important in managing HIV/AIDS patients with oral candidiasis, which improves the patient's quality of life. Therefore, routine clinical assessment and management of HIV/AIDS patients are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessy Novianti
- Oral Medicine Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Irna Sufiawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Bartholo MF, Tenório JR, Andrade NS, Shibutani PP, Martins F, Gallottini M. Orofacial manifestations in Brazilian people living with HIV/AIDS under long-term antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:436-441. [PMID: 37271609 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of orofacial manifestations in a Brazilian cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV) using long-term combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and to correlate the presence of these manifestations with clinical and laboratory characteristics. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study evaluated 101 Brazilian PLWHIV. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and laboratory data were collected. Physical examination and measurement of stimulated salivary flow were performed. RESULTS The study included 101 participants who were mainly male (61%) and White (73%), with an average age of 48 years, using long-term cART. The most common oral manifestations were facial lipoatrophy (33%), xerostomia (30%), and salivary gland enlargement (12%). Facial lipoatrophy was linked to a longer duration of cART use (P = .002), whereas hairy leukoplakia was linked to a detectable viral load (P = .031). The salivary flow of <0.7 mL/min was associated with an HIV infection time >20 years (P = .023). CONCLUSIONS People living with HIV/AIDS who use cART often experience facial lipoatrophy, xerostomia, and bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands. Although opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms are not frequent occurrences, they can still arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Bartholo
- Department of Stomatology, Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson R Tenório
- Department of Stomatology, Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oral Pathology and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Andrade
- Department of Stomatology, Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pinheiro Shibutani
- Department of Stomatology, Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins
- Department of Stomatology, Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Stomatology, Special Care Dentistry Center, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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de Sales SC, Oliveira SR, Pantuzzo ES, Costa FPD, Xavier MH, de Mesquita RA, Abreu LG, Campos FEB, de Castro WH, Silva TA. Cheilitis glandularis: case report and systematic literature review. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:154-168. [PMID: 35318652 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the minor salivary glands predominantly in the lower lip. In this article, we report the case of an 18-year-old black woman who presented with a deep suppurative type of CG in both lips. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Embase) to identify CG case reports or case series. A total of 360 references were retrieved in the electronic databases. Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria, and six were retrieved through manual search, totaling 40 articles included in the systematic review. Thirty-nine (68.4%) cases occurred in male individuals and 18 (31.6%) in female individuals. The mean age of affected individuals was 40.9 years. Different clinical manifestations ranging from no symptoms to discomfort, pain, swelling, erythema, eversion of the lip, dilated ductal openings, ulcers, and crust have been reported. Among the included CG cases, 41 affected exclusively the lower lip (71.9%). In four cases, the CG only affected the upper lip (7.0%). In 12 cases, the lesion affected both the lower and upper lips (21.1%). Different treatment modalities were adopted in the management of CG. Although the surgical treatment was indicated (42.1%), the conservative treatment with topical medications, as in the present case, resulted in resolution in 21.0% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campos de Sales
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erika Soares Pantuzzo
- Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pereira Delgado Costa
- Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Alves de Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Eduardo Baires Campos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner Henriques de Castro
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Yan R, Liu J, Dong Z, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-mediated photodynamic therapy and its applications in treating oral diseases. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213218. [PMID: 36436431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer, have a very high morbidity over the world. Basically, many oral diseases are commonly related to bacterial infections or cell malignant proliferation, and usually located on the superficial positions. These features allow the convenient and efficient application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral diseases, since PDT is ideally suitable for the diseases on superficial sites and has been widely used for antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Photosensitizers (PSs) are an essential element in PDT, which induce the generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon absorption of specific lights. Almost all the PSs are small molecules and commonly suffered from various problems in the PDT environment, such as low solubility and poor stability. Recently, reports on the nanomedicine-based PDT have been well documented. Various functionalized nanomaterials can serve either as the PSs carriers or the direct PSs, thus enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the features of different oral diseases and discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine-based PDT in the treatment of some common oral diseases. Also, the concerns and possible solutions for nanomaterials-mediated PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Cao P, Zhang Y, Dong G, Wu H, Yang Y, Liu Y. Clinical Oral Condition Analysis and the Influence of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Human Salivary Microbial Community Diversity in HIV-Infected/AIDS Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:937039. [PMID: 35846778 PMCID: PMC9277119 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.937039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical oral status and investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on oral flora diversity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. We first recorded and analyzed the demographic indicators of 108 HIV-infected patients and assessed their periodontal health, dental health and oral lesion status by oral examination. Besides, we compared the changes in salivary microbial communities of healthy controls, before and after treatment of HAART-processed AIDS patients by Roche 454 sequencing and RT-qPCR. In HIV-infected/AIDS patients, age, sex, marital status, income level, smoking and oral health behaviors had an effect on periodontal clinical indicators; age and marital status were correlated with dental clinical indicators; most of them were accompanied by oral manifestations, mainly including candidiasis albicans, salivary gland disease, AIDS-associated periodontitis, and oral ulcers. Besides, a total of 487 species were detected in the saliva of AIDS patients. The microbial communities of HAART-unprocessed AIDS patients significantly differed from those processed patients, with 112 unique microbial species. More importantly, a large number of conditioned pathogens were also detected in the saliva samples of AIDS patients, which may be associated with opportunistic infections. Therefore, HAART might have a crucial role in salivary microecological balance in AIDS patients. And these patients should pay attention to the maintenance of oral health, and the early initiation of HAART may be important for the development of oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital Group, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Guangyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxiang Yang, ; Yi Liu,
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxiang Yang, ; Yi Liu,
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Evaluation of Sociodemographic Factors and Prevalence of Oral Lesions in People Living with HIV from Cacoal, Rondônia, Amazon Region of Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052614. [PMID: 35270307 PMCID: PMC8909999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: It is necessary to evaluate and understand the prevalence and risk factors of oral lesions (OL) in people living with HIV (PLWH) who were never studied before. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of OL and its correlation with CD4+ T lymphocytes counts and HIV plasma viral load in PLWH treated in Rondônia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Cacoal city, Rondônia state, Northern Brazil. Sociodemographic, epidemiological, immunologic and virological information of 113 PLWH were collected from medical records and dental examination was conducted to diagnose and classify OL in PLWH. Statistical analysis was performed using relative frequency distribution, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, T-student and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The overall prevalence of oral lesions was 28.3% (32/113), with candidiasis (7/32; 21.8%) and aphthous ulcer (7/32; 21.8%) being the most prevalent. There was a predominance of females, most patients being married, with a low level of education, a family income of 1 to 3 minimum wages and a single partner. An association was observed between the presence of oral lesions and a high viral load, as well as a lower occurrence of oral lesions in individuals with a higher count of CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: This study reveals a low prevalence of OL among PLWH, as well as the absence of relationship between HIV viral load, CD4+ T cells count and OL high prevalence.
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Martins HDD, da Silva QP, Gonçalves LFF, Leonel ACLDS, Perez DEDC, Bonan PRF. Ulcerative lesion on lower lip. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:415-419. [PMID: 35461796 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Domiciano Dantas Martins
- Oral Pathology Post Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; PhD student, Dentistry Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Quemuel Pereira da Silva
- MSc Student, Dentistry Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Perez Rosero E, Heron S, Jovel J, O'Neil CR, Turvey SL, Parashar P, Elahi S. Differential Signature of the Microbiome and Neutrophils in the Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780910. [PMID: 34858437 PMCID: PMC8630784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with a wide range of changes in microbial communities and immune cell components of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral microbiome in relationship to oral neutrophils in HIV-infected compared to healthy individuals. We evaluated oral washes and saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals (n=52) and healthy controls (n=43). Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, we found differential β-diversity using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with Bray-Curtis distances. The α-diversity analysis by Faith’s, Shannon, and observed OTUs indexes indicated that the saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals harbored significantly richer bacterial communities compared to the saliva samples from healthy individuals. Notably, we observed that five species of Spirochaeta including Spirochaetaceae, Spirochaeta, Treponema, Treponema amylovorum, and Treponema azotonutricum were significantly abundant. In contrast, Helicobacter species were significantly reduced in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Moreover, we found a significant reduction in the frequency of oral neutrophils in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals, which was positively related to their CD4+ T cell count. In particular, we noted a significant decline in CD44 expressing neutrophils and the intensity of CD44 expression on oral neutrophils of HIV-infected individuals. This observation was supported by the elevation of soluble CD44 in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Overall, the core oral microbiome was distinguishable between HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy compared to the HIV-negative group. The observed reduction in oral neutrophils might likely be related to the low surface expression of CD44, resulting in a higher bacterial diversity and richness in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Heron
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Conar R O'Neil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon Lee Turvey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pallavi Parashar
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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