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Bai S, Zhou S, Zhang J, Chen W, Lv M, Wang J, Zhang A, Wu J, Zhao W. Immunogenicity and safety of different combinations involving a third booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine, and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults aged ≥60 years: a phase 4, randomized, open-label study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1437267. [PMID: 39229259 PMCID: PMC11368774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Concomitant administration of COVID-19, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines could reduce the burden on healthcare systems. However, the immunogenicity and safety of various combinations of a third booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac), inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4), and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), particularly in different age groups, is still unknown. Methods A phase 4, randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted in Beijing, China. 636 healthy adults were divided into two age groups (18-59 and ≥60 years) and randomized equally into three groups: CoronaVac and IIV4 followed by PPV23; CoronaVac and PPV23 followed by IIV4; or CoronaVac followed by IIV4 and PPV23, with a 28-day interval between vaccinations. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring antibody titers, and safety was monitored. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05298800. Results Co-administration of a third dose of CoronaVac, IIV4, and PPV23 in any combination was safe. Among adults aged 18-59, co-administration with PPV23 maintained non-inferiority of antibody levels for CoronaVac and IIV4, despite a slight reduction in antibody responses. This reduction was not observed in participants ≥60 years. Furthermore, co-administration of IIV4 and PPV23 affected seroconversion rates for both vaccines. Conclusions Co-administration of the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine with the influenza vaccine, followed by PPV23, may be optimal for adults aged 18-59. In adults ≥60, all vaccine combinations were immunogenic, suggesting a flexible vaccination approach. Since antibody measurements were taken 28 days post-vaccination, ongoing surveillance is essential to assess the longevity of the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiang Wu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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2
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Bai S, Kang Y, Chen W, Xie H, Zhang L, Lv M, Wang J, Wu J, Zhao W. Comparison of Immunogenicity of Alum and MF59-Like Adjuvant Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Elderly Mice. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:526-533. [PMID: 37625037 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) challenges the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines over time. This is most concerning in clinically vulnerable groups, such as older adults. This study aimed to determine whether the novel adjuvant MF59-like adjuvant can improve cross-immunity against VOCs in aged animals. We compared the humoral and cellular immune responses of Alum and MF59-like adjuvant-formulated inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against prototype and SARS-CoV-2 variants in 18-month-old mice. Our results showed that two doses of the MF59-like adjuvant inactivated vaccines induced more robust binding and pseudo-neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and VOCs compared to the Alum-adjuvant and reduced Omicron variant escapes from Nabs in aged mice. The humoral immune responses of inactivated vaccines were much lower against VOCs than the prototype with or without adjuvants; however, T cell responses against VOCs were not affected. In addition, Alum and MF59-like adjuvanted vaccines induced Th1-biased immune responses with increased interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 secreting cells, and hardly detectable IL-4 and IL-5. Furthermore, the MF59-like adjuvant vaccine produced 1.9-2.0 times higher cross-reactive T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and VOCs than the Alum adjuvant. Therefore, our data have important implications for vaccine adjuvant strategies against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bai
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Kang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lichi Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lv
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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Park SJ, Jang MS, Lim KH, Seo JW, Im WJ, Han KH, Kim SE, Jang E, Park D, Kim YB. Preclinical evaluation of general toxicity and safety pharmacology of a receptor-binding domain-based COVID-19 subunit vaccine in various animal models. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2429-2440. [PMID: 37491472 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in the introduction of several naïve methods of vaccine development, which have been used to prepare novel viral vectors and mRNA-based vaccines. However, reluctance to receive vaccines owing to the uncertainty regarding their safety is prevalent. Therefore, rigorous safety evaluation of vaccines through preclinical toxicity studies is critical to determine the safety profiles of vaccine candidates. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity profile of HuVac-19, a subunit vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 utilizing the receptor-binding domain as an antigen, in rats, rabbits, and dogs using single- and repeat-dose study designs. Repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and rabbits showed transient changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in the adjuvant and/or vaccine groups; however, these changes were reversed or potentially reversible after the recovery period. Moreover, temporary reversible changes in absolute and relative organ weights were observed in the prostate of rats and the thymus of rabbits. Gross examination of the injection sites in rats and rabbits treated with the adjuvant- and HuVac-19 showed discoloration and foci, whereas histopathological examination showed granulomatous inflammation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myofiber degeneration/necrosis. This inflammatory response was local, unassociated with other toxicological changes, and resolved. In a pharmacological safety study, no toxicological or physiological changes associated with HuVac-19 administration were observed. In conclusion, HuVac-19 was not associated with any major systemic adverse effects in the general toxicity and safety pharmacology evaluation, demonstrating that HuVac-19 is a vaccine candidate with sufficient capacity to be used in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Lim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Jung Im
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- HuVet Bio, Inc., 127 Beubwon-ro, Songpa gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Jang
- HuVet Bio, Inc., 127 Beubwon-ro, Songpa gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Park
- HuVet Bio, Inc., 127 Beubwon-ro, Songpa gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gaejeongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Lotfi H, Mazar MG, Ei NMH, Fahim M, Yazdi NS. Vaccination is the most effective and best way to avoid the disease of COVID-19. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e946. [PMID: 37647441 PMCID: PMC10408370 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the vaccines that are effective against SARS-CoV-2 have used the following functional strategies: inactivated viruses, live attenuated viruses, viral vector-based vaccines, subunit vaccines, recombinant proteins, and DNA/RNA vaccines. Among the vaccines that stimulate the host's immune system with the help of DNA are: undergoing Phase 2/3 trials including INO-4800 (International Vaccine Institute; Inovio Pharmaceuticals), Symvivo, Canada-COVID19 (AnGes, Inc.); GX-19 (Genexine, Inc.). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines were made by BioNTech/Pfizer/Fosun Pharma group and Moderna/NIAID group, respectively, which are considered as types of RNA vaccines. Vaccines that are based on the viral vector are AstraZeneca, Sputonium, and Johnson-Jensen. Among the inactive viral vaccines, the following can be mentioned: CoronaVac (Sinovac) WIBP vaccine (Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Sinopharm), BBIBPCorV (Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Sinopharm), BBV152/Covaxin (Bharat Biotech, ICMR, National Institute of Virology) And among the protein-based/subunit vaccines, the following can be counted: NVX-CoV2373: (Novavax); SCB-2019 vaccine (Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd.); Covax-19 (GeneCure Biotechnologies; Vaxine Pty Ltd.) mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and protein subunit vaccines cannot cause disease because these vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against virus proteins instead of the virus itself (or its antigen). MRNA vaccines increase SARS-CoV-2 proteins and ultimately stimulate the production of T and B lymphocytes. The epidemic of HCoVs and their destructive and harmful effects on life has caused the scientific community to seek the production of an effective and efficient vaccine before its catastrophic release. We all need to know that none of us will be healed until the other is healed. The purpose of this review article is to present a selection of existing knowledge in the field of fighting and preventing the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Lotfi
- Leishmaniasis Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
- Department of Medical MicrobiologySabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mina G. Mazar
- Department of Medical Laboratory ScienceVarastegan Institute for Medical ScienceMashhadIran
| | - Negar M. H. Ei
- Department of Medical Laboratory ScienceVarastegan Institute for Medical ScienceMashhadIran
| | | | - Nafiseh S. Yazdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
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Krechetov SP, Vtorushina VV, Inviyaeva EV, Gorodnova EA, Kolesnik SV, Kudlay DA, Borovikov PI, Krechetova LV, Dolgushina NV, Sukhikh GT. T-Cell Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals and Individuals Vaccinated with the Combined Vector Vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031930. [PMID: 36768254 PMCID: PMC9916700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has required extensive research on the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the creation of new highly effective vaccines. The presence of T-cells in the body that respond to virus antigens suggests adequate antiviral immunity. We investigated T-cell immunity in individuals who recovered from mild and moderate COVID-19 and in individuals vaccinated with the Gam-COVID-Vac combined vector vaccine. The ELISPOT method was used to determine the number of T-cells responding with IFN-γ synthesis to stimulation by peptides containing epitopes of the S-protein or N-, M-, ORF3, and ORF7 proteins, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). At the same time, the multiplex method was used to determine the accumulation of IFN-γ and other cytokines in the culture medium. According to the data obtained, the proportion of positive conclusions about the T-cell immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in control, recovered, and vaccinated individuals was 12%, 70%, and 52%, respectively. At the same time, more than half of the vaccinated individuals with a T-cell response were sensitized to the antigens of N-, M-, ORF3, and ORF7 proteins not produced by Gam-COVID-Vac, indicating a high likelihood of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increased IFN-γ release by single sensitized T-cells in response to specific stimulation in recovered and vaccinated individuals did not result in the accumulation of this and other cytokines in the culture medium. These findings suggest a balance between cytokine production and utilization by immunocompetent cells as a prerequisite for providing a controlled cytokine signal and avoiding a "cytokine storm".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Petrovich Krechetov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Valentinovna Vtorushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Vladimirovna Inviyaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Aleksandrovna Gorodnova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(916)564-77-69
| | - Svetlana Vladimirovna Kolesnik
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Anatolievich Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Igorevich Borovikov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov Valentinovna Krechetova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Vitalievna Dolgushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Tikhonovich Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Abulsoud AI, El-Husseiny HM, El-Husseiny AA, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Elkhawaga SY, Khidr EG, Fathi D, Mady EA, Najda A, Algahtani M, Theyab A, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Bayram R, Abdel-Daim MM, Doghish AS. Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Insights on structure, variants, vaccines, and biomedical interventions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113977. [PMID: 36370519 PMCID: PMC9637516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic caused by SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Less than a year after the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, many vaccines have arrived on the market with innovative technologies in the field of vaccinology. Based on the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the Spike SARS-Cov-2 protein or on the use of recombinant adenovirus vectors enabling the gene encoding the Spike protein to be introduced into our cells, these strategies make it possible to envisage the vaccination in a new light with tools that are more scalable than the vaccine strategies used so far. Faced with the appearance of new variants, which will gradually take precedence over the strain at the origin of the pandemic, these new strategies will allow a much faster update of vaccines to fight against these new variants, some of which may escape neutralization by vaccine antibodies. However, only a vaccination policy based on rapid and massive vaccination of the population but requiring a supply of sufficient doses could make it possible to combat the emergence of these variants. Indeed, the greater the number of infected individuals, the faster the virus multiplies, with an increased risk of the emergence of variants in these RNA viruses. This review will discuss SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and evolution approaches in altered transmission platforms and emphasize the different mutations and how they influence the virus characteristics. Also, this article summarizes the common vaccines and the implication of the mutations and genetic variety of SARS-CoV-2 on the COVID-19 biomedical arbitrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants University of Life Sciences, Lublin 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 14799, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 14799, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory sciences, College of Applied medical sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roula Bayram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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Mohseni Afshar Z, Barary M, Hosseinzadeh R, Karim B, Ebrahimpour S, Nazary K, Sio TT, Sullman MJM, Carson-Chahhoud K, Moudi E, Babazadeh A. COVID-19 vaccination challenges: A mini-review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2066425. [PMID: 35512088 PMCID: PMC9302531 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2066425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the infection of many people across the globe, over six million deaths, and has placed an unprecedented burden on public health worldwide. The pandemic has led to the high-speed development and production of vaccines against the COVID-19, as vaccines can end the pandemic. At the beginning of the program, vaccinations were initially targeted only at high-risk groups, such as the elderly, those with comorbidities, or healthcare workers. Although most of the mentioned populations have received the two recommended doses, limited resources have left many authorities with an effective vaccine undersupply. Therefore, policies have been implemented to manage the available doses of the vaccines more efficiently. As there is no universally agreed consensus on this topic, we discuss the different recommendations and guidelines regarding the time interval between the two vaccine doses and explain the different scenarios for applying the two doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research Committee, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hosseinzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bardia Karim
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kosar Nazary
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Terence T. Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark J. M. Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Emaduddin Moudi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Arefeh Babazadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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8
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Samaranayake LP, Seneviratne CJ, Fakhruddin KS. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines: A concise review. Oral Dis 2022; 28 Suppl 2:2326-2336. [PMID: 33991381 PMCID: PMC8242875 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a successful vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in an unmatched period of ten months, is a tribute to human ingenuity in the face of a vicious pandemic. A return to pre-pandemic "normalcy" depends on the successful delivery of the vaccine to a majority (~70%) so as to develop herd immunity critical to arrest the community spread of infection. Vaccination against COVID-19 is particularly important for dentistry as the dental team works in an environment replete with aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) that facilitate virus spread. Hence, a COVID-19 vaccine is likely to be an obligatory requirement for the dental practice, and the latest addition to the extensive list of vaccines required for dental professionals for the safe delivery of dental care. Here, we review the currently available major candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and their benefits and risks. These include the vaccines developed on next-generation platforms (mRNA, DNA, and viral vector vaccines), and the classic platforms (the live-attenuated virus, and the protein subunit vaccines) The review concludes with a summary of impending issues and challenges facing the provision of COVID-19 vaccines for all stakeholders in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative DentistryCollege of Dental MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUAE
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9
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Immune Persistence against SARS-CoV-2 after Primary and Booster Immunization in Humans: A Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101677. [PMID: 36298542 PMCID: PMC9609025 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, limited literature exists on immune persistence after primary immunization and the immunogenic features of booster vaccines administered at different time intervals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immune attenuation of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain, and Delta and Omicron variants 12 months after the primary administration of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine and evaluate the immune response after a booster administration at different time intervals. A total of 514 individuals were followed up after primary immunization and were vaccinated with a booster. Neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type strain and Delta and Omicron variant spike proteins were measured using pseudovirus neutralization assays. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) after the primary and booster immunizations were 12.09 and 61.48 for the wild-type strain, 11.67 and 40.33 for the Delta variant, and 8.51 and 29.31 for the Omicron variant, respectively. The GMTs against the wild-type strain declined gradually during the 12 months after the primary immunization, and were lower against the two variants. After implementing a booster immunization with a 6 month interval, the GMTs against the wild-type strain were higher than those obtained beyond the 7 month interval; however, the GMTs against the two variants were not statistically different across 3–12 month intervals. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 variants showed remarkable declines in immune persistence, especially against the Omicron variant. The booster administration interval could be shortened to 3 months in endemic areas of the Omicron variant, whereas an appropriate prolonging of the booster administration interval did not affect the booster immunization effect.
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10
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Bhatti MT, Gilbert AL, Watson G, Waheed M, Spencer D. Shot in the Dark. Surv Ophthalmol 2022:S0039-6257(22)00123-0. [PMID: 36150481 PMCID: PMC9489960 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 43-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the right eye associated with painful eye movements 10 days after receiving her first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Pfizer Inc, New York, NY). Two days later she developed painful loss of vision in the left eye. Clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with bilateral optic perineuritis transitioning to optic neuritis. Extensive evaluation including aquaporin-4 immunoglobin G (IgG), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG, and lumbar puncture was unrevealing. Visual acuity at nadir was counting fingers in both eyes, but after receiving intravenous steroids and plasma exchange vision eventually improved to 20/20 in each eye, although she was left with inferior visual field defects and bilateral optic disc pallor. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in the evaluation of atypical optic neuritis with a review of post-COVID-19 vaccination-associated optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq Bhatti
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanente Medical Group, Roseville, CA.
| | - Aubrey L Gilbert
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanent Medical Group, Vallejo, CA
| | - George Watson
- Department of Neurology, The Permanente Medical Group, Roseville, CA
| | - Mark Waheed
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanent Medical Group, Vallejo, CA
| | - Doran Spencer
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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11
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Halimi M, Bararpour P. Natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: structure based pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies. J Mol Model 2022; 28:279. [PMID: 36031629 PMCID: PMC9420677 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Main protease (Mpro) plays a key role in replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study was designed for finding natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro by in silico methods. To this end, the co-crystal structure of Mpro with telaprevir was explored and receptor-ligand pharmacophore models were developed and validated using pharmit. The database of “ZINC Natural Products” was screened, and 288 compounds were filtered according to pharmacophore features. In the next step, Lipinski’s rule of five was applied and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the filtered compounds were calculated using in silico methods. The resulted 15 compounds were docked into the active site of Mpro and those with the highest binding scores and better interaction including ZINC61991204, ZINC67910260, ZINC61991203, and ZINC08790293 were selected. Further analysis by molecular dynamic simulation studies showed that ZINC61991203 and ZINC08790293 dissociated from Mpro active site, while ZINC426421106 and ZINC5481346 were stable. Root mean square deviation (RMSD), radius of gyration (Rg), number of hydrogen bonds between ligand and protein during the time of simulation, and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) of protein and ligands were calculated, and components of binding free energy were calculated using the molecular mechanic/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method. The result of all the analysis indicated that ZINC61991204 and ZINC67910260 are drug-like and nontoxic and have a high potential for inhibiting Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Halimi
- Department of Biology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.
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12
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Baker JR, Farazuddin M, Wong PT, O'Konek JJ. The unfulfilled potential of mucosal immunization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1-11. [PMID: 35569567 PMCID: PMC9098804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent events involving the global coronavirus pandemic have focused attention on vaccination strategies. Although tremendous advances have been made in subcutaneous and intramuscular vaccines during this time, one area that has lagged in implementation is mucosal immunization. Mucosal immunization provides several potential advantages over subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, including protection from localized infection at the site of entry, clearance of organisms on mucosal surfaces, induction of long-term immunity through establishment of central and tissue-resident memory cells, and the ability to shape regulatory responses. Despite these advantages, significant barriers remain to achieving effective mucosal immunization. The epithelium itself provides many obstacles to immunization, and the activation of immune recognition and effector pathways that leads to mucosal immunity has been difficult to achieve. This review will highlight the potential advantages of mucosal immunity, define the barriers to mucosal immunization, examine the immune mechanisms that need to be activated on mucosal surfaces, and finally address recent developments in methods for mucosal vaccination that have shown promise in generating immunity on mucosal surfaces in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Baker
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Mohammad Farazuddin
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Pamela T Wong
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- From the Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
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Analyzing the Systems Biology Effects of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines to Assess Their Safety and Putative Side Effects. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070743. [PMID: 35889989 PMCID: PMC9320269 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been instrumental tools in reducing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections around the world by preventing 80% to 90% of hospitalizations and deaths from reinfection, in addition to preventing 40% to 65% of symptomatic illnesses. However, the simultaneous large-scale vaccination of the global population will indubitably unveil heterogeneity in immune responses as well as in the propensity to developing post-vaccine adverse events, especially in vulnerable individuals. Herein, we applied a systems biology workflow, integrating vaccine transcriptional signatures with chemogenomics, to study the pharmacological effects of mRNA vaccines. First, we derived transcriptional signatures and predicted their biological effects using pathway enrichment and network approaches. Second, we queried the Connectivity Map (CMap) to prioritize adverse events hypotheses. Finally, we accepted higher-confidence hypotheses that have been predicted by independent approaches. Our results reveal that the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine affects immune response pathways related to interferon and cytokine signaling, which should lead to vaccine success, but may also result in some adverse events. Our results emphasize the effects of BNT162b2 on calcium homeostasis, which could be contributing to some frequently encountered adverse events related to mRNA vaccines. Notably, cardiac side effects were signaled in the CMap query results. In summary, our approach has identified mechanisms underlying both the expected protective effects of vaccination as well as possible post-vaccine adverse effects. Our study illustrates the power of systems biology approaches in improving our understanding of the comprehensive biological response to vaccination against COVID-19.
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A Calculator for COVID-19 Severity Prediction Based on Patient Risk Factors and Number of Vaccines Received. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061238. [PMID: 35744754 PMCID: PMC9229599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have allowed for a significant decrease in COVID-19 risk, and new antiviral medications can prevent disease progression if given early in the course of the disease. The rapid and accurate estimation of the risk of severe disease in new patients is needed to prioritize the treatment of high-risk patients and maximize lives saved. We used electronic health records from 101,039 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, since the beginning of the pandemic and until 30 November 2021, in a national healthcare organization in Israel to build logistic models estimating the probability of subsequent hospitalization and death of newly infected patients based on a few major risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, hemoglobin A1C, kidney function, and the presence of hypertension, pulmonary disease, and malignancy) and the number of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses received. The model’s performance was assessed by 10-fold cross-validation: the area under the curve was 0.889 for predicting hospitalization and 0.967 for predicting mortality. A total of 50%, 80%, and 90% of death events could be predicted with respective specificities of 98.6%, 95.2%, and 91.2%. These models enable the rapid identification of individuals at high risk for hospitalization and death when infected, and they can be used to prioritize patients to receive scarce medications or booster vaccination. The calculator is available online.
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Pérez de la Lastra JM, Anand U, González-Acosta S, López MR, Dey A, Bontempi E, Morales delaNuez A. Antimicrobial Resistance in the COVID-19 Landscape: Is There an Opportunity for Anti-Infective Antibodies and Antimicrobial Peptides? Front Immunol 2022; 13:921483. [PMID: 35720330 PMCID: PMC9205220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 has captured most of the public health attention, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not disappeared. To prevent the escape of resistant microorganisms in animals or environmental reservoirs a "one health approach" is desirable. In this context of COVID-19, AMR has probably been affected by the inappropriate or over-use of antibiotics. The increased use of antimicrobials and biocides for disinfection may have enhanced the prevalence of AMR. Antibiotics have been used empirically in patients with COVID-19 to avoid or prevent bacterial coinfection or superinfections. On the other hand, the measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 could have reduced the risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Since we do not currently have a sterilizing vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus may still multiply in the organism and new mutations may occur. As a consequence, there is a risk of the appearance of new variants. Nature-derived anti-infective agents, such as antibodies and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are very promising in the fight against infectious diseases, because they are less likely to develop resistance, even though further investigation is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sergio González-Acosta
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel R. López
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Morales delaNuez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA (CSIC), San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
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16
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Lotan I, Lydston M, Levy M. Neuro-Ophthalmological Complications of the COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:154-162. [PMID: 35427282 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A worldwide mass vaccination campaign against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently underway. Although the safety data of the clinical trials did not report specific concerns regarding neuro-ophthalmological adverse events, they involved a limited number of individuals and were conducted over a relatively short time. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available postmarketing data regarding the occurrence of neuro-ophthalmological and other ocular complications of the COVID-19 vaccines. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Electronic searches for published literature were conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search strategy incorporated controlled vocabulary and free-text synonyms for the concepts of COVID, vaccines, and visual and neuro-ophthalmologic diseases and symptoms. RESULTS A total of 14 case reports and 2 case series have been selected for inclusion in the final report, reporting 76 cases of post-COVID-vaccination adverse events. The most common adverse event was optic neuritis (n = 61), followed by uveitis (n = 3), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (n = 2), acute macular neuroretinopathy (n = 2), optic disc edema as an atypical presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), (arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; n = 1), abducens nerve palsy (n = 1), oculomotor nerve palsy (n = 1), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (n = 1), central serous retinopathy (n = 1), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (n = 1), and bilateral choroiditis (n = 1). Most cases were treated with high-dose steroids and had a favorable clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Since the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the past year, several post-COVID-vaccination neuro-ophthalmological complications have been described. However, considering the number of individuals that have been exposed to the vaccines, the risk seems very low, and the clinical outcome in most cases is favorable. Therefore, on a population level, the benefits of the vaccines far outweigh the risk of neuro-ophthalmological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Lotan
- Department of Neurology (IL, ML), Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Treadwell Virtual Library for the Massachusetts General Hospital (ML), Boston, Massachusetts
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Hassan J, Haigh C, Ahmed T, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Hassan
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Charlotte Haigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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Hassan F, Albahli S, Javed A, Irtaza A. A Robust Framework for Epidemic Analysis, Prediction and Detection of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2022; 10:805086. [PMID: 35602122 PMCID: PMC9120631 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.805086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Covid-19 has become a pandemic that affects lots of individuals daily, worldwide, and, particularly, the widespread disruption in numerous countries, namely, the US, Italy, India, Saudi Arabia. The timely detection of this infectious disease is mandatory to prevent the quick spread globally and locally. Moreover, the timely detection of COVID-19 in the coming time is significant to well cope with the disease control by Governments. The common symptoms of COVID are fever as well as dry cough, which is similar to the normal flu. The disease is devastating and spreads quickly, which affects individuals of all ages, particularly, aged people and those with feeble immune systems. There is a standard method employed to detect the COVID, namely, the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. But this method has shortcomings, i.e., it takes a long time and generates maximum false-positive cases. Consequently, we necessitate to propose a robust framework for the detection as well as for the estimation of COVID cases globally. To achieve the above goals, we proposed a novel technique to analyze, predict, and detect the COVID-19 infection. We made dependable estimates on significant pandemic parameters and made predictions of infection as well as potential washout time frames for numerous countries globally. We used a publicly available dataset composed by Johns Hopkins Center for estimation, analysis, and predictions of COVID cases during the time period of 21 April 2020 to 27 June 2020. We employed a simple circulation for fast as well as simple estimates of the COVID model and estimated the parameters of the Gaussian curve, utilizing a parameter, namely, the least-square parameter curve fitting for numerous countries in distinct areas. Forecasts of COVID depend upon the potential results of Gaussian time evolution with a central limit theorem of data the Covid prediction to be justified. For gaussian distribution, the parameters, namely, extreme time and thickness are regulated using a statistical Y2 fit for the aim of doubling times after 21 April 2020. Moreover, for the detection of COVID-19, we also proposed a novel technique, employing the two features, namely, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Scale Invariant Feature Transform. We also designed a CNN-based architecture named COVIDDetectorNet for classification purposes. We fed the extracted features into the proposed COVIDDetectorNet to detect COVID-19, viral pneumonia, and other lung infections. Our method obtained an accuracy of 96.51, 92.62, and 86.53% for two, three, and four classes, respectively. Experimental outcomes illustrate that our method is reliable to be employed for the forecast and detection of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Hassan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
| | - Saleh Albahli
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Saleh Albahli
| | - Ali Javed
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Aun Irtaza
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, United States
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Fulber JPC, Kamen AA. Development and Scalable Production of Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccines for Human and Veterinary Use. Viruses 2022; 14:975. [PMID: 35632717 PMCID: PMC9143368 DOI: 10.3390/v14050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for efficient vaccine platforms that can rapidly be developed and manufactured on a large scale to immunize the population against emerging viruses. Viral-vectored vaccines are prominent vaccine platforms that have been approved for use against the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. The Newcastle Disease Virus is a promising viral vector, as an avian paramyxovirus that infects poultry but is safe for use in humans and other animals. NDV has been extensively studied not only as an oncolytic virus but also a vector for human and veterinary vaccines, with currently ongoing clinical trials for use against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a gap in NDV research when it comes to process development and scalable manufacturing, which are critical for future approved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advantages of NDV as a viral vector, describe the steps and limitations to generating recombinant NDV constructs, review the advances in human and veterinary vaccine candidates in pre-clinical and clinical tests, and elaborate on production in embryonated chicken eggs and cell culture. Mainly, we discuss the existing data on NDV propagation from a process development perspective and provide prospects for the next steps necessary to potentially achieve large-scale NDV-vectored vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
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Gärtner K, Meleke H, Kamdolozi M, Chaima D, Samikwa L, Paynter M, Nyirenda Nyang’Wa M, Cloutman-Green E, Nastouli E, Klein N, Nyirenda T, Msefula C, Alber DG. A fast extraction-free isothermal LAMP assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 with potential use in resource-limited settings. Virol J 2022; 19:77. [PMID: 35501862 PMCID: PMC9059459 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To retain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, fast, sensitive and cost-effective testing is essential, particularly in resource limited settings (RLS). Current standard nucleic acid-based RT-PCR assays, although highly sensitive and specific, require transportation of samples to specialised laboratories, trained staff and expensive reagents. The latter are often not readily available in low- and middle-income countries and this may significantly impact on the successful disease management in these settings. Various studies have suggested a SARS-CoV-2 loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay as an alternative method to RT-PCR. Methods Four previously published primer pairs were used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the LAMP assay. To determine optimal conditions, different temperatures, sample input and incubation times were tested. Ninety-three extracted RNA samples from St. George's Hospital, London, 10 non-extracted nasopharyngeal swab samples from Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, and 92 non-extracted samples from Queen Elisabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi, which have previously been tested for SARS-Cov-2 by quantitative reverse-transcription RealTime PCR (qRT-PCR), were analysed in the LAMP assay. Results In this study we report the optimisation of an extraction-free colourimetric SARS-CoV-2 LAMP assay and demonstrated that a lower limit of detection (LOD) between 10 and 100 copies/µL of SARS-CoV-2 could be readily detected by a colour change of the reaction within as little as 30 min. We further show that this assay could be quickly established in Malawi, as no expensive equipment is necessary. We tested 92 clinical samples from QECH and showed the sensitivity and specificity of the assay to be 86.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Some viral transport media, used routinely to stabilise RNA in clinical samples during transportation, caused a non-specific colour-change in the LAMP reaction and therefore we suggest collecting samples in phosphate buffered saline (which did not affect the colour) as the assay allows immediate sample analysis on-site. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 LAMP is a cheap and reliable assay that can be readily employed in RLS to improve disease monitoring and management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01800-7.
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Status of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses within 12 Months following CoronaVac Vaccination against COVID-19. mBio 2022; 13:e0018122. [PMID: 35475648 PMCID: PMC9239277 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00181-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding immune memory to COVID-19 vaccines is critical for the design and optimal vaccination schedule for curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we assessed the status of humoral and cellular immune responses at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after two-dose CoronaVac vaccination. A total of 150 participants were enrolled, and 136 of them completed the study through the 12-month endpoint. Our results show that, at 1 month after vaccination, both binding and neutralizing antibodies could be detected; the seropositive rate of binding antibodies and seroconversion rate of neutralizing antibodies were 99% and 50%, respectively. From 3 to 12 months, the binding and neutralizing antibodies declined over time. At 12 months, the binding and neutralizing antibodies were still detectable and significantly higher than the baseline. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion specifically induced by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) persisted at high levels until 6 months and could be observed at 12 months, while the levels of IL-5 and granzyme B (GzmB) were hardly detected, demonstrating a Th1-biased response. In addition, specific CD4+ T central memory (TCM), CD4+ effector memory (TEM), CD8+ TEM, and CD8+ terminal effector (TE) cells were all detectable and functional up to 12 months after the second dose, as the cells produced IFN-γ, IL-2, and GzmB in response to stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Our work provides evidence that CoronaVac induced not only detectable binding and neutralizing antibody responses, but also functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells for up to 12 months.
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Kaomongkolgit R, Sawangarun W. Oral lichen planus following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Oral Dis 2022; 28 Suppl 2:2622-2623. [PMID: 35263820 PMCID: PMC9115415 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanlada Sawangarun
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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23
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Israel A, Schäffer AA, Merzon E, Green I, Magen E, Golan-Cohen A, Vinker S, Ruppin E. Predicting COVID-19 severity using major risk factors and received vaccines. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2021.12.31.21268575. [PMID: 35018390 PMCID: PMC8750716 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.31.21268575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines are highly effective in preventing severe disease and death from COVID-19, and new medications that can reduce severity of disease have been approved. However, many countries are facing limited supply of vaccine doses and medications. A model estimating the probabilities for hospitalization and mortality according to individual risk factors and vaccine doses received could help prioritize vaccination and yet scarce medications to maximize lives saved and reduce the burden on hospitalization facilities. METHODS Electronic health records from 101,039 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, since the beginning of the pandemic and until November 30, 2021 were extracted from a national healthcare organization in Israel. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the risk for subsequent hospitalization and death based on the number of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses received and few major risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, hemoglobin A1C, kidney function, and presence of hypertension, pulmonary disease and malignancy). RESULTS The models built predict the outcome of newly infected individuals with remarkable accuracy: area under the curve was 0.889 for predicting hospitalization, and 0.967 for predicting mortality. Even when a breakthrough infection occurs, having received three vaccination doses significantly reduces the risk of hospitalization by 66% (OR=0.339) and of death by 78% (OR=0.223). CONCLUSIONS The models enable rapid identification of individuals at high risk for hospitalization and death when infected. These patients can be prioritized to receive booster vaccination and the yet scarce medications. A calculator based on these models is made publicly available on http://covidest.web.app.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Medicine C Department, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Health Services, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
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24
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Samaranayake L, Fakhruddin KS. Pandemics past, present, and future: Their impact on oral health care. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 152:972-980. [PMID: 34749921 PMCID: PMC8570943 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemics have significantly modified our societal behaviour over the millennia, and the COVID-19 pandemic is no exception. TYPES OF ARTICLES REVIEWED In this article, the authors review the history of pandemics, the probable reasons for their emergence, and the COVID-19 pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, as well as its possible impact on dentistry during the postpandemic period. RESULTS There are multiple reasons why catastrophic pandemics occur due to new infectious organisms that cross the species barrier from animals to humans. These include, population explosion, mass migration, and prolonged survival of debilitated and susceptible cohorts on various immunosuppressants. Coupled with global warming and the resultant loss of habitats, such vicissitudes of humans and nature lead to microbes evolving and mutating at an exponential pace, paving the way for pandemics. The contemporary epidemics and pandemics beginning with the HIV pandemic have modulated dentistry beyond recognition, now with assiduous and robust infection control measures in place. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Because COVID-19 may become an endemic disease, particularly due to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants the dental community should adopt modified infection control measures, teledentistry, and point-of-care diagnostics, among other measures. It is likely, that clinical ecosystems in future would be rendered even safer by predicting how pathogens evolve and priming the human immune system for the next wave of microbial combatants through vaccines produced using deep mutational scanning in which artificial intelligence and machine learning can predict the next variants even before their arrival.
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25
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Fulber JPC, Farnós O, Kiesslich S, Yang Z, Dash S, Susta L, Wootton SK, Kamen AA. Process Development for Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccines in Serum-Free Vero Cell Suspension Cultures. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111335. [PMID: 34835266 PMCID: PMC8623276 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic drew global attention to infectious diseases, attracting numerous resources for development of pandemic preparedness plans and vaccine platforms—technologies with robust manufacturing processes that can quickly be pivoted to target emerging diseases. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has been studied as a viral vector for human and veterinary vaccines, but its production relies heavily on embryonated chicken eggs, with very few studies producing NDV in cell culture. Here, NDV is produced in suspension Vero cells, and analytical assays (TCID50 and ddPCR) are developed to quantify infectious and total viral titer. NDV-GFP and NDV-FLS (SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein) constructs were adapted to replicate in Vero and HEK293 suspension cultures using serum-free media, while fine-tuning parameters such as MOI, temperature, and trypsin concentration. Shake flask productions with Vero cells resulted in infectious titers of 1.07 × 108 TCID50/mL for NDV-GFP and 1.33 × 108 TCID50/mL for NDV-FLS. Production in 1 L batch bioreactors also resulted in high titers in culture supernatants, reaching 2.37 × 108 TCID50/mL for NDV-GFP and 3.16 × 107 TCID50/mL for NDV-FLS. This shows effective NDV production in cell culture, building the basis for a scalable vectored-vaccine manufacturing process that can be applied to different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Puppin Chaves Fulber
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Omar Farnós
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Sascha Kiesslich
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Shantoshini Dash
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.S.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.S.); (S.K.W.)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (J.P.C.F.); (O.F.); (S.K.); (Z.Y.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Zhu D, Ma Z, Wang Z, Wei Q, Li X, Wang J, Su S, Zuo X, Fan C, Chao J, Wang L. Modular DNA Circuits for Point-of-Care Colorimetric Assay of Infectious Pathogens. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13861-13869. [PMID: 34506117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, specific, and inexpensive detection of multiple infectious pathogens simultaneously is a significant goal for human health and safety. Herein we present a rationally designed modular DNA circuit for point-of-care (POC) detection of a variety of infectious pathogens based on nucleic acid isothermal amplification technology and DNAzyme-mediated colorimetric readout. A modular DNA circuit was constructed with a fixed module and a flexible module and was rationally designed according to genetic targets. On this basis, the platform could detect multiple genetic targets corresponding to infectious pathogens simultaneously. Signal amplification properties of the DNA circuit and the peroxidase-like DNAzyme enable the detection limits to reach the picomolar level. By urea treatment and magnetic separation, the fixed module can be reused at least five times, which makes this assay more economical and environmentally friendly. The detection of genetic infectious pathogens should be accomplished in 2 h with naked-eye observation and may provide an efficient tool for POC analysis of multiple infectious pathogens, especially in resource-poor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Shao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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27
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Thongprasom K, Pengpis N, Phattarataratip E, Samaranayake L. Oral pemphigus after COVID-19 vaccination. Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2597-2598. [PMID: 34582621 PMCID: PMC8662146 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobkan Thongprasom
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawaporn Pengpis
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Phattarataratip
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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28
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Collins LT, Curiel DT. Synthetic Biology Approaches for Engineering Next-Generation Adenoviral Gene Therapies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13970-13979. [PMID: 34415739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology centers on the design and modular assembly of biological parts so as to construct artificial biological systems. Over the past decade, synthetic biology has blossomed into a highly productive field, yielding advances in diverse areas such as neuroscience, cell-based therapies, and chemical manufacturing. Similarly, the field of gene therapy has made enormous strides both in proof-of-concept studies and in the clinical setting. One viral vector of increasing interest for gene therapy is the adenovirus (Ad). A major part of the Ad's increasing momentum comes from synthetic biology approaches to Ad engineering. Convergence of gene therapy and synthetic biology has enhanced Ad vectors by mitigating Ad toxicity in vivo, providing precise Ad tropisms, and incorporating genetic circuits to make smart therapies which adapt to environmental stimuli. Synthetic biology engineering of Ad vectors may lead to superior gene delivery and editing platforms which could find applications in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Thrasher Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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