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Kinane DF, Lappin DF, Culshaw S. The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38641953 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co-authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing 'the host's role' in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).
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Čolić M, Miljuš N, Đokić J, Bekić M, Krivokuća A, Tomić S, Radojević D, Radanović M, Eraković M, Ismaili B, Škrbić R. Pomegranate Peel Extract Differently Modulates Gene Expression in Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under Physiological and Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15407. [PMID: 37895087 PMCID: PMC10607867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate has shown a favorable effect on gingivitis/periodontitis, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to test the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) under physiological and inflammatory conditions. GMSC lines from healthy (H) and periodontitis (P) gingiva (n = 3 of each) were established. The lines were treated with two non-toxic concentrations of PoPEX (low-10; high-40 µg/mL), with or without additional lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Twenty-four genes in GMSCs involved in different functions were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PoPEx (mostly at higher concentrations) inhibited the basal expression of IL-6, MCP-1, GRO-α, RANTES, IP-10, HIF-1α, SDF-1, and HGF but increased the expression of IL-8, TLR3, TGF-β, TGF-β/LAP ratio, IDO-1, and IGFB4 genes in H-GMSCs. PoPEx increased IL-6, RANTES, MMP3, and BMP2 but inhibited TLR2 and GRO-α gene expression in P-GMSCs. LPS upregulated genes for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tissue regeneration/repair (MMP3, IGFBP4, HGF), and immunomodulation (IP-10, RANTES, IDO-1, TLR3, COX-2), more strongly in P-GMSCs. PoPEx also potentiated most genes' expression in LPS-stimulated P-GMSCs, including upregulation of osteoblastic genes (RUNX2, BMP2, COL1A1, and OPG), simultaneously inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, the modulatory effects of PoPEx on gene expression in GMSCs are complex and dependent on applied concentrations, GMSC type, and LPS stimulation. Generally, the effect is more pronounced in inflammation-simulating conditions.
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Grants
- 451-03-68/2020-14/200019 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia
- MFVMA/03/20-22 University of Defense in Belgrade, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- UIS/MFF: I.1.20-22 University of East Sarajevo, Medical Faculty Foča, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- N/A Medical Faculty Banja Luka, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Čolić
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nataša Miljuš
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.M.); (A.K.); (R.Š.)
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (D.R.)
| | - Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Krivokuća
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.M.); (A.K.); (R.Š.)
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (D.R.)
| | - Marina Radanović
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Mile Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11154 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bashkim Ismaili
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, International Balkan University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.M.); (A.K.); (R.Š.)
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Hirasawa I, Odagiri H, Park G, Sanghavi R, Oshita T, Togi A, Yoshikawa K, Mizutani K, Takeuchi Y, Kobayashi H, Katagiri S, Iwata T, Aoki A. Anti-inflammatory effects of cold atmospheric plasma irradiation on the THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell line. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292267. [PMID: 37851686 PMCID: PMC10584116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been studied and clinically applied to treat chronic wounds, cancer, periodontitis, and other diseases. CAP exerts cytotoxic, bactericidal, cell-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects on living tissues by generating reactive species. Therefore, CAP holds promise as a treatment for diseases involving chronic inflammation and bacterial infections. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these anti-inflammatory effects of CAP are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CAP in vitro. The human acute monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and irradiated with CAP, and the cytotoxic effects of CAP were evaluated. Time-course differentiation of gene expression was analyzed, and key transcription factors were identified via transcriptome analysis. Additionally, the nuclear localization of the CAP-induced transcription factor was examined using western blotting. The results indicated that CAP showed no cytotoxic effects after less than 70 s of irradiation and significantly inhibited interleukin 6 (IL6) expression after more than 40 s of irradiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following CAP irradiation at all time points. Cluster analysis classified the DEGs into four distinct groups, each with time-dependent characteristics. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analyses revealed CAP-induced suppression of IL6 production, other inflammatory responses, and the expression of genes related to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Transcription factor analysis suggested that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which suppresses intracellular oxidative stress, is the most activated transcription factor. Contrarily, regulatory factor X5, which regulates MHC class II expression, is the most suppressed transcription factor. Western blotting revealed the nuclear localization of NRF2 following CAP irradiation. These data suggest that CAP suppresses the inflammatory response, possibly by promoting NRF2 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ito Hirasawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Giri Park
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Togi
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Junxian L, Mehrabanian M, Mivehchi H, Banakar M, Etajuri EA. The homeostasis and therapeutic applications of innate and adaptive immune cells in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2552-2564. [PMID: 36004490 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis (PD) is one of the most common dental disorders. This chronic oral inflammation is caused by complicated interrelations between bacterial infections, dysregulated immune reactions, and environmental risk factors. A dysregulated immune response can lead to inflammatory bone resorption by allowing the recruitment of pro-inflammatory immune cells to the periodontal tissues. SUBJECTS The recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells in PD initiates the acute and following chronic inflammatory processes. The inflamed tissues, on the other hand, can be restored if the anti-inflammatory lineages are predominantly established in the periodontal tissues. Therefore, we aimed to review the published literature to provide an overview of the existing knowledge about the role of immune cells in PD, as well as their possible therapeutic applications. RESULTS Experimental studies showed that drugs/systems that negatively regulate inflammatory cells in the body, as well as interventions aimed at increasing the number of anti-inflammatory cells such as Tregs and Bregs, can both help in the healing process of PD. CONCLUSION Targeting immune cells or their positive/negative manipulations has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic method. However, to use this sort of immunotherapy in humans, further pre-clinical investigations, as well as randomized clinical trials, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Junxian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mojtaba Mehrabanian
- DMD Dentist, Alumni of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hassan Mivehchi
- DMD Dentist, Alumni of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Morteza Banakar
- Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enas Abdalla Etajuri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaya, Malaysia
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Maisha JA, El-Gabalawy HS, O’Neil LJ. Modifiable risk factors linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis: evidence, immunological mechanisms and prevention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221125. [PMID: 37767100 PMCID: PMC10520718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that targets the synovial joints leading to arthritis. Although the etiology of RA remains largely unknown, it is clear that numerous modifiable risk factors confer increased risk to developing RA. Of these risk factors, cigarette smoking, nutrition, obesity, occupational exposures and periodontal disease all incrementally increase RA risk. However, the precise immunological mechanisms by which these risk factors lead to RA are not well understood. Basic and translational studies have provided key insights into the relationship between inflammation, antibody production and the influence in other key cellular events such as T cell polarization in RA risk. Improving our general understanding of the mechanisms which lead to RA will help identify targets for prevention trials, which are underway in at-risk populations. Herein, we review the modifiable risk factors that are linked to RA development and describe immune mechanisms that may be involved. We highlight the few studies that have sought to understand if modification of these risk factors reduces RA risk. Finally, we speculate that modification of risk factors may be an appealing avenue for prevention for some at-risk individuals, specifically those who prefer lifestyle interventions due to safety and economic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liam J. O’Neil
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ginesin O, Mayer Y, Gabay E, Rotenberg D, Machtei EE, Coyac BR, Bar-On Y, Zigdon-Giladi H. Revealing leukocyte populations in human peri-implantitis and periodontitis using flow cytometry. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5499-5508. [PMID: 37490117 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, quantify, and characterize leukocyte populations in PI and periodontitis using flow cytometry. METHODS Fresh biopsies from human PI and periodontitis lesions were processed to a single-cell suspension. The immune cell types were identified using flow cytometry. RESULTS Twenty-one biopsies were obtained and analyzed corresponding to fourteen PI and seven periodontitis samples. Participants' average age was 63.95 ± 14.77 years without a significant difference between PI and periodontitis patients, the female/male ratio was 8/12, and mean PD was 8.5 ± 2.17. High similarity was found between periodontitis and PI in the main immune cell types. Out of the leukocytes, the PMN proportion was 40% in PI and 33% in periodontitis. T-cells 22% in PI and 18% in periodontitis. Similar proportions of B-cells 10% and macrophages 6% were found in PI and periodontitis. Dendritic and NK cells were found in low proportions (~ 1%) in PI and periodontitis. T-cell sub-analysis showed that CD4-positive were more prevalent than CD8-positive in both diseases (CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.2). CONCLUSION With the use of flow cytometry analysis, the leukocyte populations in human peri-implantitis and periodontitis were classified. In PI and periodontitis, we identified similar proportions of specific (CD4/CD8) and innate (dendritic and NK) immune cells. These results corroborate previous histological studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Flow cytometry analysis can be used to identify and quantify immune cells in PI and periodontitis, including sub-classification of T cells (CD4/8) as well as detection of cells that require multiple markers for identification (such as dendritic cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Ginesin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, CRIR Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yaniv Mayer
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Gabay
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Rotenberg
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Eliahu Machtei
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin R Coyac
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, CRIR Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, CRIR Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Dong W, Gong Y, Yang B, Li B. Bioinformatics analysis and reveal potential crosstalk genetic and immune relationships between atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10381. [PMID: 37369700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory and immune-related disease with links to several systemic diseases, and the pathological process of atherosclerosis also involves inflammatory and immune involvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the common immune cells and potential crosstalk genes between periodontitis (PD) and atherosclerosis (AS). By analyzing the weighted gene co-expression network of differentially immune infiltrating cells in two diseases to obtain important module genes, and taking the intersection of the module genes, we obtained 14 co-expressed immune-related genes, and evaluated the predictive value of 14 immune-related genes using three machine learning models.Two potential immune-related crosstalk genes (BTK and ITGAL) were finally obtained by taking intersections of WGCNA intersection genes, DEGs and IRGs.Then, the diagnostic column line graphs were constructed based on the 2 crosstalk genes, and the calibration curves, DCA curves and clinical impact curves indicated that the two genes had strong disease prediction ability, and we further validated the accuracy of the two potential crosstalk genes for disease diagnosis in the validation dataset.Single gene GSEA analysis showed that both genes are jointly involved in biological processes such as antigen presentation and immune regulation, and single sample GSEA analysis showed that macrophages and T cells play an important role in periodontitis in atherosclerosis.This study explored the genetic correlation between atherosclerosis and periodontitis using bioinformatics tools. BTK and ITGAL were found to be the most important crosstalk genes between the two diseases and may have an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. Macrophage and T cell mediated inflammatory and immune responses may play an important role in periodontitis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Dong
- Second hospital of Shanxi medical university, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Second hospital of Shanxi medical university, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Second hospital of Shanxi medical university, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Bao Li
- Second hospital of Shanxi medical university, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Navarrete C, Riquelme A, Baksai N, Pérez R, González C, Michea M, von Mühlenbrock H, Cafferata EA, Vernal R. Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Bone-Resorptive Mediators in Periodontally Compromised Patients under Orthodontic Treatment Involving Intermittent Forces of Low Intensities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054807. [PMID: 36902236 PMCID: PMC10002573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic treatment, diverse cytokines, enzymes, and osteolytic mediators produced within the teeth surrounding periodontal tissues determine the rate of alveolar bone remodeling and consequent teeth movement. In patients with teeth presenting reduced periodontal support, periodontal stability should be ensured during orthodontic treatment. Thus, therapies based on the application of low-intensity intermittent orthodontic forces are recommended. To determine if this kind of treatment is periodontally well tolerated, this study aimed to analyze the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 in periodontal tissues of protruded anterior teeth with reduced periodontal support and undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients with periodontitis-associated anterior teeth migration received non-surgical periodontal therapy and a specific orthodontic treatment involving controlled low-intensity intermittent orthodontic forces. Samples were collected before periodontitis treatment, after periodontitis treatment, and at 1 week to 24 months of the orthodontic treatment. During the 2 years of orthodontic treatment, no significant differences were detected in the probing depth, clinical attachment level, supragingival bacterial plaque, and bleeding on probing. In line with this, the gingival crevicular levels of RANKL, OPG, IL-6, IL-17A, and MMP-8 did not vary between the different evaluation time-points of the orthodontic treatment. When compared with the levels detected during the periodontitis, the RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly lower at all the analyzed time-points of the orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, the patient-specific orthodontic treatment based on intermittent orthodontic forces of low intensities was well tolerated by periodontally compromised teeth with pathological migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Alejandro Riquelme
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Natalia Baksai
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Romina Pérez
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Claudia González
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - María Michea
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hans von Mühlenbrock
- Orthodontics-Periodontics Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Zhou T, Xu W, Wang Q, Jiang C, Li H, Chao Y, Sun Y, A L. The effect of the "Oral-Gut" axis on periodontitis in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of microbe and immune mechanism associations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1132420. [PMID: 36923589 PMCID: PMC10008960 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that share common features of microbial-induced ecological dysregulation and host immune inflammatory response. The close relationship between periodontitis and IBD is characterized by a higher prevalence of IBD in patients with periodontitis and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with IBD, indicating that periodontitis and IBD are different from the traditional independent diseases and form an "Oral-Gut" axis between the two, which affect each other and thus form a vicious circle. However, the specific mechanisms leading to the association between the two are not fully understood. In this article, we describe the interconnection between periodontitis and IBD in terms of microbial pathogenesis and immune dysregulation, including the ectopic colonization of the gut by pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis that promotes inflammation in the gut by activating the host immune response, and the alteration of the oral microbiota due to IBD that affects the periodontal inflammatory response. Among the microbial factors, pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum may act as the microbial bridge between periodontitis and IBD, while among the immune mechanisms, Th17 cell responses and the secreted pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of both diseases. This suggests that in future studies, we can look for targets in the "Oral-Gut" axis to control and intervene in periodontal inflammation by regulating periodontal or intestinal flora through immunological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenzhou Xu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Chao
- Department of Gastroendoscopy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Sun, ; Lan A,
| | - Lan A
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Sun, ; Lan A,
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Zhang C, Sun Y, Xu M, Shu C, Yue Z, Hou J, Ou D. Potential links between COVID-19 and periodontitis: a bioinformatic analysis based on GEO datasets. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:520. [DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 pandemic has already had a serious influence on human existence, causing a huge public health concern for countries all around the world. Because SARS-CoV-2 infection can be spread by contact with the oral cavity, the link between oral illness and COVID-19 is gaining traction. Through bioinformatics approaches, we explored the possible molecular mechanisms linking the COVID-19 and periodontitis to provide the basis and direction for future research.
Methods
Transcriptomic data from blood samples of patients with COVID-19 and periodontitis was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The shared differentially expressed genes were identified. The analysis of Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genesand Genomes pathway, and protein–protein interaction network was conducted for the shared differentially expressed genes. Top 5 hub genes were selected through Maximal Clique Centrality algorithm. Then mRNA-miRNA network of the hub genes was established based on miRDB database, miRTarbase database and Targetscan database. The Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to discover possible biomarkers, which were then investigated in relation to immune-related genes.
Results
Fifty-six shared genes were identified through differential expression analysis in COVID-19 and periodontitis. The function of these genes was enriched in regulation of hormone secretion, regulation of secretion by cell. Myozenin 2 was identified through Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression Analysis, which was down-regulated in both COVID-19 and periodontitis. There was a positive correlation between Myozenin 2 and the biomarker of activated B cell, memory B cell, effector memory CD4 T cell, Type 17 helper cell, T follicular helper cell and Type 2 helper cell.
Conclusion
By bioinformatics analysis, Myozenin 2 is predicted to correlate to the pathogenesis and immune infiltrating of COVID-19 and periodontitis. However, more clinical and experimental researches are needed to validate the function of Myozenin 2.
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Zhang R, Peng S, Zhu G. The role of secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells in bone remodeling. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:227-232. [PMID: 35898473 PMCID: PMC9309401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling is connected with the regulated balance between bone cell populations (including bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte). And the mechanism of bone remodeling activity is related to the major pathway, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling axis. Recently, researchers have found a novel cytokine secreted by activated T cells, which is related to osteoclastogenesis in the absence of osteoblasts or RANKL, leading to bone destruction. They name it the secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT). SOFAT has been proven to play an essential role in bone remodeling, like mediating the bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. In this review, we outline the latest research concerning SOFAT and discuss the characteristics, location, and regulation of SOFAT. We also summarize the clinical progress of SOFAT and assume the future therapeutic target in some diseases related to bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zou J, Zeng Z, Xie W, Zeng Z. Immunotherapy with regulatory T and B cells in periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108797. [PMID: 35487085 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD), also known as gum disease, is a condition causing inflammatory bone resorption and tooth loss. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are vital in controlling the immune response and hence play a role in infections and peripheral tolerance adjustment. These cells have immunosuppressive and tissue-repairing capabilities that are important for periodontal health; however, in inflammatory circumstances, Tregs may become unstable and dysfunctional, accelerating tissue deterioration. In recent years, Regulatory cell-mediated immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in many inflammatory diseases. Considering the roles of Tregs and Bregs in shaping immune responses, this study aimed to review the published articles in this field to provide a comprehensive view of the existing knowledge about the role of regulatory T and B cells, as well as their therapeutic applications in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zou
- Department of stomatology, Maternal and Child Health Centre, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zijun Zeng
- Anesthesia surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhimei Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College Dental Department Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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13
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Jiang Q, Huang X, Yu W, Huang R, Zhao X, Chen C. mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827461. [PMID: 35222410 PMCID: PMC8866697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory infiltration by the microbial community which is marked through tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption. The inflammation in periodontal disease is mediated by CD4+ T cells through cytokine secretion and osteoclastogenetic activity. Historically, the inflammatory model in periodontal disease is described through disruption of the balance between two subsets of T helper cells which are T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). However, more and more studies have found that apart from subsets of helper T cells, regulatory T-cells and Th17 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Growing evidence proves that helper T cells differentiation, activation, and subset determination are under the strong impact of mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling could promote Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and inhibit Treg commitment through different mTOR complexes, therefore we anticipate a regulation effect of mTOR signaling on periodontal diseases by regulating CD4+ T cell subsets. This review aims to integrate the topical researches about the role of different types of Th cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as well as the regulation of mTOR signaling in the specification and selection of Th cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ranran Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Zarubova J, Hasani‐Sadrabadi MM, Dashtimoghadam E, Zhang X, Ansari S, Li S, Moshaverinia A. Engineered Delivery of Dental Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102593. [PMID: 35191610 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease begins as an inflammatory response to a bacterial biofilm deposited around the teeth, which over time leads to the destruction of tooth-supporting structures and consequently tooth loss. Conventional treatment strategies show limited efficacy in promoting regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues. Here, a delivery platform is developed for small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) to treat periodontitis. EVs can achieve comparable therapeutic effects to their cells of origin. However, the short half-lives of EVs after their administration along with their rapid diffusion away from the delivery site necessitate frequent administration to achieve therapeutic benefits. To address these issues, "dual delivery" microparticles are engineered enabling microenvironment-sensitive release of EVs by metalloproteinases at the affected site along with antibiotics to suppress bacterial biofilm growth. GMSC sEVs are able to decrease the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes/macrophages and T cells, suppress T-cell activation, and induce the formation of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in vitro and in a rat model of periodontal disease. One-time administration of immunomodulatory GMSC sEV-decorated microparticles leads to a significant improvement in regeneration of the damaged periodontal tissue. This approach will have potential clinical applications in the regeneration of a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering University of California 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V Los Angeles CA 90095‐1600 USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 14220 Czech Republic
| | | | - Erfan Dashtimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599‐3290 USA
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V Los Angeles CA 90095‐1600 USA
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology Division of Advanced Prosthodontics School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering University of California 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V Los Angeles CA 90095‐1600 USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology Division of Advanced Prosthodontics School of Dentistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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15
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Update on B Cell Response in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:175-193. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Deng J, Lu C, Zhao Q, Chen K, Ma S, Li Z. The Th17/Treg cell balance: crosstalk among the immune system, bone and microbes in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:246-255. [PMID: 34878170 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontopathic bacteria constantly stimulate the host, which causes an immune response, leading to host-induced periodontal tissue damage. The complex interaction and imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells may be critical in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Furthermore, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system plays a significant role in periodontitis bone metabolism, and its relationship with the Th17/Treg cell imbalance may be a bridge between periodontal bone metabolism and the immune system. This article reviews the literature related to the Th17/Treg cell imbalance mediated by pathogenic periodontal microbes, and its mechanism involving RANKL/RANK/OPG in periodontitis bone metabolism, in an effort to provide new ideas for the study of the immunopathological mechanism of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Deng
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunting Lu
- Science and Education Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtong Zhao
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexiao Chen
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Ma
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Chaoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Chaozhou, China
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17
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Decker AM, Kapila YL, Wang HL. The psychobiological links between chronic stress-related diseases, periodontal/peri-implant diseases, and wound healing. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:94-106. [PMID: 34463997 PMCID: PMC8459609 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a relevant disease to periodontal practice, encompassing 25%-28% of the US population (American Psychological Association 2015). While it is well established that chronic psychologic stress can have significant deleterious systemic effects, only in recent decades have we begun to explore the biochemical, microbial, and physiologic impacts of chronic stress diseases on oral tissues. Currently, chronic stress is classified as a "risk indicator" for periodontal disease. However, as the evidence in this field matures with additional clinically controlled trials, more homogeneous data collection methods, and a better grasp of the biologic underpinnings of stress-mediated dysbiosis, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress and related diseases (depression, anxiety) may be significant contributing factors in periodontal/peri-implant disease progression and inconsistent wound healing following periodontal-related therapeutics. Ideal solutions for these patients include classification of the disease process and de-escalation of chronic stress conditions through coping strategies. This paper also summarizes periodontal/implant-related therapeutic approaches to ensure predictable results for this specific patient subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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18
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Zhang C, Xu C, Gao L, Li X, Zhao C. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide promotes T-hel per17 cell differentiation by upregulating Delta-like ligand 4 expression on CD14 + monocytes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11094. [PMID: 33981487 PMCID: PMC8074840 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud To investigate the effect and mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Th17 cell differentiation mediated by CD14+ monocytes. Methods P. gingivalis LPS-activated CD14+ monocytes were co-cultured with CD4+T cells in different cell ratios. An indirect co-culture system was also established using transwell chambers. Furthermore, anti- Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll-4) antibody was used to investigate the role of Dll-4 in Th17 cell response. The mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and secreted cytokines in culture supernatant were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the frequencies of Th17 cells. IL-17 protein expression levels were determined using western blotting assay. Results P. gingivalis LPS increased the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in CD14+ monocytes. Th17 cell frequency upregulated, which is not solely cytokine-dependent but rather requires cell-cell contact with activated monocytes, particularly in the 1:10 cell ratio. Furthermore, P. gingivalis LPS increased t he expression of Dll-4 on CD14+ monocytes, whereas the anti- Dll-4 a ntibody decreased the response of Th17 cells. The results suggest that P. gingivalis LPS enhances Th17 cell response via Dll-4 upregulation on CD14+ monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiting Li
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjiang Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Zou H, Zhou N, Huang Y, Luo A, Sun J. Phenotypes, roles, and modulation of regulatory lymphocytes in periodontitis and its associated systemic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:451-467. [PMID: 33884656 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3vmr0321-027rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and poses a risk to systemic health. Lymphocytes play important roles in periodontitis through multiple mechanisms. Regulatory lymphocytes including regulatory B cells (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs) are the main immunosuppressive cells that maintain immune homeostasis, and are critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the development of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes, roles, and modulating strategies of regulatory lymphocytes including Bregs and Tregs in periodontitis and frequently cooccurring inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The current evidence suggests that restoring immune balance through therapeutic targeting of regulatory lymphocytes is a promising strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and other systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilian Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Monteiro MF, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Silvério KG, Nociti-Jr FH, Casarin RCV. The familial trend of the local inflammatory response in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2020; 28:202-209. [PMID: 33252790 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The imbalanced host response in front of a dysbiotic biofilm is one of the major aspects of severe periodontitis, which also presents a strong familial aggregation related to the susceptibility factors transmission within family members. This study hypothesized that aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients and their descendants could present a similar trend of a local inflammatory response that is different from healthy controls. METHODS Fifteen GAgP subjects and their children and fifteen healthy subjects and their children were clinically assessed, and the concentration of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was evaluated in the gingival fluid using the multiplexed bead immunoassay. RESULTS Children from the GAgP group presented lower IL-10 and IFN-γ subgingival concentration than Health children, despite no difference in the clinical parameters. GAgP parents showed a lower IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-6 than healthy subjects. IL-10/IL-1β and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios were reduced in GAgP dyads, suggesting a familial trend in the subgingival cytokine's profile. The cytokines correlated to the clinical data and were predictors of probing depth increase. CONCLUSION GAgP parents and their children presented a similar cytokine profile and an imbalance in the subgingival response characterized by decreased IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL10/IL-1β ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabelle Freitas Monteiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Márcio Zaffalon Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Enilson Antonio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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21
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Breast Cancer and Microcalcifications: An Osteoimmunological Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228613. [PMID: 33203195 PMCID: PMC7696282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of microcalcifications in the breast microenvironment, combined with the growing evidences of the possible presence of osteoblast-like or osteoclast-like cells in the breast, suggest the existence of active processes of calcification in the breast tissue during a woman’s life. Furthermore, much evidence that osteoimmunological disorders, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or periodontitis influence the risk of developing breast cancer in women exists and vice versa. Antiresorptive drugs benefits on breast cancer incidence and progression have been reported in the past decades. More recently, biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines used against rheumatoid arthritis also demonstrated benefits against breast cancer cell lines proliferation, viability, and migratory abilities, both in vitro and in vivo in xenografted mice. Hence, it is tempting to hypothesize that breast carcinogenesis should be considered as a potential osteoimmunological disorder. In this review, we compare microenvironments and molecular characteristics in the most frequent osteoimmunological disorders with major events occurring in a woman’s breast during her lifetime. We also highlight what the use of bone anabolic drugs, antiresorptive, and biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines against breast cancer can teach us.
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22
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Aung KT, Akiyama K, Kunitomo M, Mun AY, Tosa I, Nguyen HTT, Zhang J, Kohno T, Ono M, Hara ES, Kuboki T. Aging-Affected MSC Functions and Severity of Periodontal Tissue Destruction in a Ligature-Induced Mouse Periodontitis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218103. [PMID: 33143068 PMCID: PMC7663404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to play important roles in the repair of lost or damaged tissues and immunotolerance. On the other hand, aging is known to impair MSC function. However, little is currently known about how aged MSCs affect the host response to the local inflammatory condition and tissue deterioration in periodontitis, which is a progressive destructive disease of the periodontal tissue potentially leading to multiple tooth loss. In this study, we examined the relationship between aging-induced impairment of MSC function and the severity of periodontal tissue destruction associated with the decrease in host immunomodulatory response using a ligature-induced periodontitis model in young and aged mice. The results of micro computerized tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis revealed a more severe bone loss associated with increased osteoclast activity in aged (50-week-old) mice compared to young (5-week-old) mice. Immunostaining analysis revealed that, in aged mice, the accumulation of inflammatory T and B cells was higher, whereas the percentage of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)+ MSCs, which are known to modulate the apoptosis of T cells, was significantly lower than in young mice. In vitro analysis of MSC function showed that the expression of surface antigen markers for MSCs (Sca-1, CD90, CD146), colony formation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of aged MSCs were significantly declined compared to those of young MSCs. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of aged MSCs were positive for the senescence-associated β galactosidase activity. Importantly, aged MSCs presented a decreased expression of FAS-L, which was associated with a lower immunomodulatory property of aged MSCs to induce T cell apoptosis in co-cultures compared with young MSCs. In summary, this is the first study showing that aging-induced impairment of MSC function, including immunomodulatory response, is potentially correlated with progressive periodontal tissue deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Thu Aung
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6682; Fax: +81-86-235-6684
| | - Masayoshi Kunitomo
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Aung Ye Mun
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Ikue Tosa
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Ha Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Teisaku Kohno
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Takuo Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.T.A.); (M.K.); (A.Y.M.); (I.T.); (H.T.T.N.); (J.Z.); (T.K.); (T.K.)
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Cafferata EA, Castro-Saavedra S, Fuentes-Barros G, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Rivera F, Carvajal P, Hernández M, Cortés BI, Cortez C, Cassels BK, Vernal R. Boldine inhibits the alveolar bone resorption during ligature-induced periodontitis by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance. J Periodontol 2020; 92:123-136. [PMID: 32490537 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During periodontitis, tooth-supporting alveolar bone is resorbed when there is an increased expression of the pro-osteolytic factor termed receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), which is responsible for osteoclast differentiation and activation. In periodontitis-affected tissues, the imbalance between T-helper type-17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocyte activity favors this RANKL overexpression. In this context, immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at modulating this Th17/Treg imbalance could eventually arrest the RANKL-mediated alveolar bone loss. Boldine has been reported to protect from pathological bone loss during rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, whose pathogenesis is associated with a Th17/Treg imbalance. However, the effect of boldine on alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to determine whether boldine inhibits alveolar bone resorption by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance during periodontitis. METHODS Mice with ligature-induced periodontitis were orally treated with boldine (10/20/40 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Non-treated periodontitis-affected mice and non-ligated mice were used as controls. Alveolar bone loss was analyzed by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Osteoclasts were quantified by histological identification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells. Production of RANKL and its competitive antagonist osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed by ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry. The Th17 and Treg responses were analyzed by quantifying the T-cell frequency and number by flow cytometry. Also, the expression of their signature transcription factors and cytokines were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS Boldine inhibited the alveolar bone resorption. Consistently, boldine caused a decrease in the osteoclast number and RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontal lesions. Besides, boldine reduced the Th17-lymphocyte detection and response and increased the Treg-lymphocyte detection and response in periodontitis-affected tissues. CONCLUSION Boldine, administered orally, inhibited the alveolar bone resorption and modulated the Th17/Treg imbalance during experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Sebastián Castro-Saavedra
- Chemobiodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Rivera
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Chemobiodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Behm C, Blufstein A, Gahn J, Kubin B, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D 3 on CD4 + T lymphocytes mediated by human periodontal ligament cells and inflammatory environment. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:689-701. [PMID: 32160330 PMCID: PMC7318673 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims Both, vitamin D3 and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) possess immunosuppressive properties, but their combined effect on immune cells has never been investigated. Here, we analysed the impact of vitamin D3 on the immunosuppressive properties of hPDLCs towards CD4+ T lymphocytes. Material and Methods Allogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes were activated by phytohemagglutinin either in monoculture or co‐culture with hPDLCs, in the presence or absence of IFN‐γ and 1,25(OH)2D3. After 5 days, CD4+ T‐lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) proportion and IL‐10, TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A production were analysed. Results In monoculture, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed CD4+ T‐lymphocyte proliferation, increased the percentage of CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs and enhanced IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 production. In the presence of IFN‐γ treated hPDLCs, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased CD4+ T‐lymphocyte proliferation and decreased the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs. IL‐10 and IL‐17A expression was significantly diminished by 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas TGF‐β1 was slightly increased. The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in co‐culture were reversed by inhibition of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase‐1, prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. 1,25(OH)2D3 also suppressed the expression of these proteins in hPDLCs. Conclusion Effects of vitamin D3 on CD4+ T lymphocyte are modified by hPDLCs depending on the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kubin
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Cafferata EA, Terraza-Aguirre C, Barrera R, Faúndez N, González N, Rojas C, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Hernández M, Carvajal P, Cortez C, González FE, Covarrubias C, Vernal R. Interleukin-35 inhibits alveolar bone resorption by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance during periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:676-688. [PMID: 32160331 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM T lymphocytes play a central role during the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and the imbalance between the pathogenic T-helper type 17 (Th17) and protective T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes determines the tooth-supporting alveolar bone resorption. Interleukin (IL)-35 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine with therapeutic properties in diseases whose pathogenesis is associated with the Th17/Treg imbalance; however, its role during periodontitis has not been established yet. This study aimed to elucidate whether IL-35 inhibits the alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis by modulating the Th17/Treg imbalance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with ligature-induced periodontitis were treated with locally or systemically administrated IL-35. As controls, periodontitis-affected mice without IL-35 treatment and non-ligated mice were used. Alveolar bone resorption was measured by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The Th17/Treg pattern of the immune response was analysed by qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. RESULTS IL-35 inhibited alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis mice. Besides, IL-35 induced less detection of Th17 lymphocytes and production of Th17-related cytokines, together with higher detection of Treg lymphocytes and production of Treg-related cytokines in periodontitis-affected tissues. CONCLUSION IL-35 is beneficial in the regulation of periodontitis; particularly, IL-35 inhibited alveolar bone resorption and this inhibition was closely associated with modulation of the periodontal Th17/Treg imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Romina Barrera
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Faúndez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás González
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín E González
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Xu Q, Liu Z, Guo L, Liu R, Li R, Chu X, Yang J, Luo J, Chen F, Deng M. Hypoxia Mediates Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Expression via Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2019; 42:763-772. [PMID: 31659886 PMCID: PMC6883976 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by the loss of periodontal tissues, especially alveolar bone. Common therapies cannot satisfactorily recover lost alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation and are likely to recover lost alveolar bone. In addition, periodontitis is accompanied by hypoxia, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a master transcription factor in the response to hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to ascertain how hypoxia affects runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a key osteogenic marker, in the osteogenesis of PDLSCs. In this study, we found that hypoxia enhanced the protein expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and RUNX2 ex vivo and in situ. VEGF is a target gene of HIF-1α, and the increased expression of VEGF and RUNX2 proteins was enhanced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 100 μmol/L), an agonist of HIF-1α, and suppressed by 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1, 10 μmol/L), an antagonist of HIF-1α. In addition, VEGF could regulate the expression of RUNX2, as RUNX2 expression was enhanced by human VEGF (hVEGF165) and suppressed by VEGF siRNA. In addition, knocking down VEGF could decrease the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, i.e., RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type I collagen (COL1), and hypoxia could enhance the expression of ALP, COL1, and osteocalcin (OCN) in the early stage of osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Taken together, our results showed that hypoxia could mediate the expression of RUNX2 in PDLSCs via HIF-1α-induced VEGF and play a positive role in the early stage of osteogenesis of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
- Department of Stomatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014,
China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Rulei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Xiang Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
| | - Faming Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032,
China
| | - Manjing Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042,
China
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27
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IL-10 secreting B cells regulate periodontal immune response during periodontitis. Odontology 2019; 108:350-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Figueredo CM, Lira-Junior R, Love RM. T and B Cells in Periodontal Disease: New Functions in A Complex Scenario. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163949. [PMID: 31416146 PMCID: PMC6720661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is characterised by a dense inflammatory infiltrate in the connective tissue. When the resolution is not achieved, the activation of T and B cells is crucial in controlling chronic inflammation through constitutive cytokine secretion and modulation of osteoclastogenesis. The present narrative review aims to overview the recent findings of the importance of T and B cell subsets, as well as their cytokine expression, in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. T regulatory (Treg), CD8+ T, and tissue-resident γδ T cells are important to the maintenance of gingival homeostasis. In inflamed gingiva, however, the secretion of IL-17 and secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) by activated T cells is crucial to induce osteoclastogenesis via RANKL activation. Moreover, the capacity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) to produce cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, might indicate a critical role of such cells in the disease pathogenesis. Regarding B cells, low levels of memory B cells in clinically healthy periodontium seem to be important to avoid bone loss due to the subclinical inflammation that occurs. On the other hand, they can exacerbate alveolar bone loss in a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent manner and affect the severity of periodontitis. In conclusion, several new functions have been discovered and added to the complex knowledge about T and B cells, such as possible new functions for Tregs, the role of SOFAT, and MAIT cells, as well as B cells activating RANKL. The activation of distinct T and B cell subtypes is decisive in defining whether the inflammatory lesion will stabilise as chronic gingivitis or will progress to a tissue destructive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Figueredo
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - R Lira-Junior
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R M Love
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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29
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Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081135. [PMID: 31370168 PMCID: PMC6723779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease in which the composition of biofilms plays a significant role. Dental plaque accumulation at the gingival margin initiates an inflammatory response that, in turn, causes microbial alterations and may lead to drastic consequences in the periodontium of susceptible individuals. Chronic inflammation affects the gingiva and can proceed to periodontitis, which characteristically results in irreversible loss of attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis appears typically in adult-aged populations, but young individuals can also experience it and its harmful outcome. Advanced disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, periodontitis is associated with many chronic diseases and conditions affecting general health.
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30
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Koshy B, Rees JS, Farnell DD, Wei XQ, Waddington RJ. Array analysis for T-cell associated cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid: Identifying altered profiles associated with periodontal disease status. J Dent 2019; 85:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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31
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Oballe HJR, Lamers ML, Muniz FWMG, Spuldaro TR, Gaio EJ, Rösing CK. Effects of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Alveolar Bone Loss in Wistar Rats. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:12-21. [PMID: 30864641 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on alveolar bone loss (ABL), blood count, and counting of megakaryocytes and adipocytes in male Wistar rats. Forty male 60-day Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Periodontal Disease (PD), Heparin (Hp) and Heparin + Periodontal Disease (Hp+PD). LMWH was applied for 60 days at doses of 1 ml/kg/day. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 and 60. On day-49, PD and Hp+PD groups were subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis around second upper right molar. The left side was assessed as spontaneous alveolar bone loss. Mean ABL in the side with ligature showed significantly different between C (0.35±0.07 mm) and Hp+DP (0.49±0.09 mm) groups (p<0.001), between PD (0.55±0.11 mm) and Hp (0.32±0.06 mm) groups (p<0.001) and between Hp and Hp+DP groups (p<0.001). No significant differences were found among groups for ABL in the side without ligature. Animal weight, food intake, and water consumption showed no statistically significant difference among groups. Megakaryocytes and adipocytes were counted using optical microscopy and no statistically significant differences were found. Within-groups, there were an increase and a decrease, respectively, in the counting of lymphocytes (p=0.005 for C and p=0.009 for Hp+PD groups only) and leukocytes (p=0.003 for C, p=0.001 for PD, p=0.002 for Hp, and p<0.001 for Hp+PD groups). There was no decrease in the number of platelets in the three collection periods. LMWH was not able to affect ABL, but it may change the blood counting, especially increasing lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Juan Rivera Oballe
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Neurosciences and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Tobias Rauber Spuldaro
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Gaio
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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32
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Han Y, Jin Y, Miao Y, Shi T, Lin X. Improved RANKL production by memory B cells: A way for B cells promote alveolar bone destruction during periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:232-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Sommer MEL, Dalia RA, Nogueira AVB, Cirelli JA, Vinolo MAR, Fachi JL, Oliveira CA, Andrade TAM, Mendonça FAS, Santamaria M, Felonato M. Immune response mediated by Th1 / IL-17 / caspase-9 promotes evolution of periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:77-84. [PMID: 30366216 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is characterized by inflammatory mediators beyond T lymphocyte function and phenotype (Th1/Th2/Th17). The clinical diversity in periodontitis makes it difficult to characterize the immune response in patients. This study evaluated the profile of the adaptive immune response in the periodontal disease model. METHODS 72 rats (Wistar) were divided into a control group (CTL/day 0) and periodontitis (PD15/15 days and PD60/60 days). In the PD15 and PD60 groups, periodontal disease was induced by ligature with a silk thread placed in the cervical region of the upper first molar. After euthanasia, the periodontal tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD44), semi-quantitative RT-PCR (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt), semi-quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA IFN-γ, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17) and by Western blotting (Caspase-9, PCNA). RESULTS The number of CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD44+, CD8+CD25+ and CD8+CD44+ cells and expression levels of T-bet and GATA-3 are increased in the PD60 group compared to PD15 and CTL. The RORγ-t gene transcript increased in the PD15 group in relation to PD60 and CTL. The cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 increased in the PD60 group in relation to PD15. The expression of Caspase-9 was higher in the PD60 group than in PD15. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the evolution of gingivitis to periodontitis is related to the accumulation of activated Th1 cells (IFN-γ and TNF-α) associated with the presence of increased IL-17. Studies with inhibitors of these cytokines in periodontal disease may lead to therapy directed at blocking the inflammatory process in this pathology, interrupting bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E L Sommer
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil
| | - R A Dalia
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil
| | - A V B Nogueira
- Dental School, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A Cirelli
- Dental School, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A R Vinolo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Fachi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil
| | - T A M Andrade
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil
| | - F A S Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil
| | - M Santamaria
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil; Graduate Program in Odontology, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil
| | - M Felonato
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario Hermınio Ometto (UNIARARAS), Brazil.
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34
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Hiyari S, Green E, Pan C, Lari S, Davar M, Davis R, Camargo PM, Tetradis S, Lusis AJ, Pirih FQ. Genomewide Association Study Identifies Cxcl Family Members as Partial Mediators of LPS-Induced Periodontitis. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1450-1463. [PMID: 29637625 PMCID: PMC8434897 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is characterized by bacterial infection and inflammation of tooth-supporting structures and can lead to tooth loss. PD affects ∼47% of the US population over age 30 years and has a heritability of about 50%. Although the host immunoinflammatory response and genetic background play a role, little is known of the underlying genetic factors. We examined natural genetic variation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD across a panel of inbred mouse strains, the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP). We observed a strain-dependent sixfold difference in LPS-induced bone loss across the HMDP with a heritability of 53%. We performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) using FAST-LMM, which corrects for population structure, and identified loci significantly associated with PD. We examined candidate genes at a locus on chromosome 5, which suggested a relationship between LPS-induced bone loss and, together with expression data, identified Cxcl family members as associated with PD. We observed an increase in Cxcl10 protein, as well as immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6J (high bone loss strain) but not in A/J (low bone loss strain) after LPS injections. Genetic deletion of CXCR3 (Cxcl9 and10 receptor) demonstrated a ∼50% reduction in bone loss and reduced osteoclasts after LPS injections. Furthermore, WT mice treated with AMG-487 (a CXCR3 antagonist) showed a ∼45% reduction in bone loss and decreased osteoclasts after LPS injections. We conclude that CXCR3 is a strong candidate for modulating the host response in individuals susceptible to PD. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hiyari
- Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elissa Green
- Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soma Lari
- Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Davar
- Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Davis
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paulo M Camargo
- Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Section of Oral Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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Degasperi GR, Etchegaray A, Marcelino L, Sicard A, Villalpando K, Pinheiro SL. Periodontal Disease: General Aspects from Biofilm to the Immune Response Driven by Periodontal Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2018.81001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Jin Y, Liu D, Lin X. IL-35 may maintain homeostasis of the immune microenvironment in periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5605-5610. [PMID: 29285099 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocyte cells, including regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 cells, have important roles in the human periodontium. However, the basis for Treg cytokine expression in various compartments of the periodontium remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-35 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and periodontal tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), with a view to understanding its role in this disease, and ultimately providing improved treatments. Peripheral blood, periodontal tissues and gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) were collected from patients with CP or impacted teeth, the latter serving as healthy controls. The expression levels of IL-35 subunit mRNAs in PBMCs and periodontal tissues were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the IL-35 protein expression in GCFs and sera was quantified by ELISA. The relative expression of IL-35 subunit mRNAs in the affected tissues of patients with CP was significantly higher compared with that in samples from healthy controls (P<0.05). The mean concentration of IL-35 protein in the GCFs and sera of patients with periodontitis was also significantly higher compared with that in samples from healthy controls (P<0.001). IL-35 protein and periodontal clinical indicators were negatively correlated. It was hypothesized that the increased level of IL-35 plays a protective role in periodontal disease by maintaining immune system homeostasis and dampening the inflammatory response, and highlights IL-35 as a potential new therapy for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dixin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Cheng Z, Meade J, Mankia K, Emery P, Devine DA. Periodontal disease and periodontal bacteria as triggers for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:19-30. [PMID: 29221594 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an epidemiological association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is hypothesised to lead to enhanced generation of RA-related autoantibodies that can be detected years before the onset of RA symptoms. Periodontitis is a common dysbiotic disease; tissue damage occurs because the immune system fails to limit both the resident microbial community and the associated local immune response. Certain periodontal bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, may contribute to RA autoantibody production through direct post-translational modification of proteins or, indirectly, by influencing neutrophil-mediated neo-epitope generation. Oral bacteria that invade the blood may also contribute to chronic inflammatory responses and generation of autoantibodies. The putative association between periodontitis and the development of RA raises the potential of finding novel predictive markers of disease and disease progression and for periodontitis treatment to be included in the future as an adjunct to conventional RA immunotherapy or as part of a preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Cheng
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Josephine Meade
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Deirdre A Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK.
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GAKG-RGEKG an Epitope That Provokes Immune Cross-Reactivity between Prevotella sp. and Human Collagen: Evidence of Molecular Mimicry in Chronic Periodontitis. Autoimmune Dis 2016; 2016:5472320. [PMID: 28116146 PMCID: PMC5220385 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5472320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease afflicts 20% of world population. This process usually occurs in the form of being lethargic and chronic, and consequently this disease is known as chronic process. All chronic diseases constantly cause activation of the immune system, and therefore the presentation of microbial peptides which are presented to lymphocytes by professional antigen presenting cells can present microbial peptides very similar to important structures of human economy causing autoimmune diseases, process known as molecular mimicry. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the presence of molecular mimicry phenomenon between periodontopathogens and human proteins. Blasting microbes of Socransky periodontal complexes against human collagen were performed and then the proteins with similarities were modelled and were screened in the MHI binding virtual methods. The epitopes selected were produced and plasma of chronic periodontal volunteers was obtained and a dot immunobinding assay was performed. Hypothetical protein of Prevotella sp. and human collagen epitopes with high similarities were positive for dot immunobinding assay. With this result it can be suggested that the mimicry phenomena can occur on periodontal disease.
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